1
|
Pan H, Yang Y, Li L, Zhang Q, Zheng Z, Du X, Chen P, Dong J, Lu C, Xie X, Li H, Xiao Q, Ma J, Chen Z. Optimization of Surface Acoustic Wave Resonators on 42°Y-X LiTaO 3/SiO 2/Poly-Si/Si Substrate for Improved Performance and Transverse Mode Suppression. Micromachines (Basel) 2023; 15:12. [PMID: 38276840 PMCID: PMC10818995 DOI: 10.3390/mi15010012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2023] [Revised: 12/15/2023] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2024]
Abstract
SAW devices with a multi-layered piezoelectric substrate have excellent performance due to advantages such as a high quality factor, Q, low loss insertion, large bandwidth, etc. Prior to manufacturing, a comprehensive analysis and proper design are essential to evaluating the device's key performance indicators, including the Bode Q value, bandwidth, and transverse mode suppression. This study explored the performance of SAW resonators employing a 42°Y-X LiTaO3 (LT) thin-plate-based multi-layered piezoelectric substrate. The thicknesses for each layer of the 42°Y-X LT/SiO2/poly-Si/Si substrate were optimized according to the index of phase velocity, Bode Q value, and bandwidth. The effect of the device structure parameters on the dispersion curve and slowness curve was studied, and a flat slowness curve was found to be favorable for transverse mode suppression. In addition, the design of the dummy configuration was also optimized for the suppression of spurious waves. Based on the optimized design, a one-port resonator on the 42°Y-X LT/SiO2/poly-Si/Si substrate was fabricated. The simulation results and measurements are presented and compared, which provides guidelines for the design of new types of SAW devices configured with complex structures.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hongzhi Pan
- China Electronics Technology Group Corporation No.26 Research Institute (SIPAT), Chongqing 400060, China; (H.P.); (Z.Z.); (X.D.); (P.C.); (J.D.); (C.L.); (X.X.); (H.L.); (Q.X.); (J.M.)
| | - Yang Yang
- College of Information, Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai 200234, China; (Y.Y.); (L.L.)
| | - Lingqi Li
- College of Information, Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai 200234, China; (Y.Y.); (L.L.)
| | - Qiaozhen Zhang
- College of Information, Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai 200234, China; (Y.Y.); (L.L.)
| | - Zeyu Zheng
- China Electronics Technology Group Corporation No.26 Research Institute (SIPAT), Chongqing 400060, China; (H.P.); (Z.Z.); (X.D.); (P.C.); (J.D.); (C.L.); (X.X.); (H.L.); (Q.X.); (J.M.)
| | - Xuesong Du
- China Electronics Technology Group Corporation No.26 Research Institute (SIPAT), Chongqing 400060, China; (H.P.); (Z.Z.); (X.D.); (P.C.); (J.D.); (C.L.); (X.X.); (H.L.); (Q.X.); (J.M.)
| | - Pingjing Chen
- China Electronics Technology Group Corporation No.26 Research Institute (SIPAT), Chongqing 400060, China; (H.P.); (Z.Z.); (X.D.); (P.C.); (J.D.); (C.L.); (X.X.); (H.L.); (Q.X.); (J.M.)
| | - Jiahe Dong
- China Electronics Technology Group Corporation No.26 Research Institute (SIPAT), Chongqing 400060, China; (H.P.); (Z.Z.); (X.D.); (P.C.); (J.D.); (C.L.); (X.X.); (H.L.); (Q.X.); (J.M.)
| | - Chuan Lu
- China Electronics Technology Group Corporation No.26 Research Institute (SIPAT), Chongqing 400060, China; (H.P.); (Z.Z.); (X.D.); (P.C.); (J.D.); (C.L.); (X.X.); (H.L.); (Q.X.); (J.M.)
| | - Xiao Xie
- China Electronics Technology Group Corporation No.26 Research Institute (SIPAT), Chongqing 400060, China; (H.P.); (Z.Z.); (X.D.); (P.C.); (J.D.); (C.L.); (X.X.); (H.L.); (Q.X.); (J.M.)
| | - Hualin Li
- China Electronics Technology Group Corporation No.26 Research Institute (SIPAT), Chongqing 400060, China; (H.P.); (Z.Z.); (X.D.); (P.C.); (J.D.); (C.L.); (X.X.); (H.L.); (Q.X.); (J.M.)
| | - Qiang Xiao
- China Electronics Technology Group Corporation No.26 Research Institute (SIPAT), Chongqing 400060, China; (H.P.); (Z.Z.); (X.D.); (P.C.); (J.D.); (C.L.); (X.X.); (H.L.); (Q.X.); (J.M.)
| | - Jinyi Ma
- China Electronics Technology Group Corporation No.26 Research Institute (SIPAT), Chongqing 400060, China; (H.P.); (Z.Z.); (X.D.); (P.C.); (J.D.); (C.L.); (X.X.); (H.L.); (Q.X.); (J.M.)
| | - Zhenglin Chen
- China Electronics Technology Group Corporation No.26 Research Institute (SIPAT), Chongqing 400060, China; (H.P.); (Z.Z.); (X.D.); (P.C.); (J.D.); (C.L.); (X.X.); (H.L.); (Q.X.); (J.M.)
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Toyen D, Wimolmala E, Saenboonruang K. Multi-Layered Composites of Natural Rubber (NR) and Bismuth Oxide (Bi 2O 3) with Enhanced X-ray Shielding and Mechanical Properties. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:2717. [PMID: 37376362 DOI: 10.3390/polym15122717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2023] [Revised: 06/09/2023] [Accepted: 06/14/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Due to rapid increases in the utilization of radiation and nuclear technologies, effective and suitable radiation-shielding materials have become one of the most sought-after options to protect users and the public from excessive exposure to the radiation. However, most radiation-shielding materials have greatly reduced mechanical properties after the addition of fillers, resulting in their limited useability and shortened lifetime. Therefore, this work aimed to alleviate such drawbacks/limitations by exploring a possible method to simultaneously enhance both the X-ray shielding and mechanical properties of bismuth oxide (Bi2O3)/natural rubber (NR) composites through multi-layered structures, with varying (1-5) layers and a total combined thickness of 10 mm. To correctly determine the effects of the multi-layered structures on the properties of NR composites, the formulation and layer configuration for all multi-layered samples were tailored such that their theoretical X-ray shielding properties were equal to those of a single-layered sample that contained 200 phr Bi2O3. The results indicated that the multi-layered Bi2O3/NR composites with neat NR sheets on both outer layers (sample-D, sample-F, sample-H, and sample-I) had noticeably higher tensile strength and elongation at break than those of the other designs. Furthermore, all multi-layered samples (sample-B to sample-I), regardless of the layer structure, had enhanced X-ray shielding properties compared to those with a single layer (sample-A), as shown by their higher values of the linear attenuation coefficient (µ) and lead equivalence (Pbeq) and the lower value of the half-value layer (HVL) in the former. This work also determined the effects of thermal aging on relevant properties for all samples, with the results revealing that all the thermal-aged composites had higher values for the tensile modulus but lower values for the swelling percentage, tensile strength, and elongation at break, compared with the non-aged composites. Hence, based on the overall outcomes from this work, it could be concluded that the worrisome decreases in mechanical properties of the common single-layered NR composites after the addition of Bi2O3 could be prevented/reduced by introducing appropriate multi-layered structures, which would not only widen potential applications but also prolong the lifetime of the composites.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Donruedee Toyen
- Department of Materials Science, Faculty of Science, Kasetsart University, Bangkok 10900, Thailand
- Special Research Unit of Radiation Technology for Advanced Materials (RTAM), Faculty of Science, Kasetsart University, Bangkok 10900, Thailand
| | - Ekachai Wimolmala
- Polymer PROcessing and Flow (P-PROF) Research Group, Division of Materials Technology, School of Energy, Environment and Materials, King Mongkut's University of Technology Thonburi, Bangkok 10140, Thailand
| | - Kiadtisak Saenboonruang
- Special Research Unit of Radiation Technology for Advanced Materials (RTAM), Faculty of Science, Kasetsart University, Bangkok 10900, Thailand
- Department of Applied Radiation and Isotopes, Faculty of Science, Kasetsart University, Bangkok 10900, Thailand
- Specialized Center of Rubber and Polymer Materials in Agriculture and Industry (RPM), Faculty of Science, Kasetsart University, Bangkok 10900, Thailand
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Lee G, Choi J, Ahn J, Cho S, Park I. Piezo-Transmissive Structure Using a Multi-layered Heterogeneous Film for Optical Transmittance Modulation. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2023; 15:20531-20540. [PMID: 37052211 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c01619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
As the damage caused by the recent climate crisis increases, efforts are being made to develop low-power and high-efficiency technologies to reduce pollution for energy production worldwide. Among them, research on the mechano-responsive optical transmittance modulation technology is being actively conducted as it can be applied to various application fields for reducing energy consumption: low-power sensors and smart windows. The piezo-transmittance structure, which is one of the optical transmittance modulation structures, has fewer constraints on the installation environment; therefore, many applications have been proposed. However, it is still challenging to fabricate a piezo-transmittance structure with a large-area production, high throughput, and good tunability because of complex curing and dissolution processes. Herein, we present an efficient fabrication method for a multi-layered piezo-transmittance structure using a large-area abrasive mold and thermal imprinting process. The piezo-transmittance performance (e.g., sensitivity and relative change of transmittance) shows temperature/humidity-independent characteristics and can be designed by tuning design parameters such as the number of layers, abrasive grade, and film material. Also, the surrogate model of the performance obtained from the Monte Carlo simulation and prediction model can offer tunability for various applications. Finally, we demonstrated two energy-efficient applications: the smart window integrated with a hydraulic pump showed high thermal efficiency in indoor environment control, and the telemetry system was demonstrated to measure pressure remotely.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gihun Lee
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 305-701, South Korea
| | - Jungrak Choi
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 305-701, South Korea
| | - Junseong Ahn
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 305-701, South Korea
| | - Seokju Cho
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 305-701, South Korea
| | - Inkyu Park
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 305-701, South Korea
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Shi Z, Li X, Wang X, Wang Z, Wu X. Synthesis of NiO/Nitrogen-Doped Carbon Nanowire Composite with Multi-Layered Network Structure and Its Enhanced Electrochemical Performance for Supercapacitor Application. Materials (Basel) 2022; 15:7358. [PMID: 36295423 PMCID: PMC9607312 DOI: 10.3390/ma15207358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2022] [Revised: 06/22/2022] [Accepted: 07/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Multi-layered NiO nanowires linked with a nitrogen-doped carbon backbone grown directly on flexible carbon cloth (NiO/NCBN/CC) was successfully fabricated with a facile synthetic strategy. The NiO/NCBN/CC was further used as a binding-free electrode for flexible energy storage devices, showing a boosted performance including a high capacitance of 1039.4 F g-1 at 1 A g-1 and an 83.4% capacitance retention ratio. More importantly, after 1500 cycles, the capacitance retention can achieve 72.5% at a current density of 20 A g-1. The excellent electrochemical properties of the as-prepared NiO/NCBN/CC are not only attributed to the multi-layered structure that can help to tender unimpeded channels and accommodate the electrolyte ions around the electrode interface during the charge-discharge process, but is also due to the link between the NiO and N-doped carbon backbone and the nitrogen doping on the carbon substrate, which results in extra defects on the surface that could boost the interfacial electron transfer rate of the electrode.
Collapse
|
5
|
Thumwong A, Darachai J, Saenboonruang K. Comparative X-ray Shielding Properties of Single-Layered and Multi-Layered Bi 2O 3/NR Composites: Simulation and Numerical Studies. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:1788. [PMID: 35566961 DOI: 10.3390/polym14091788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2022] [Revised: 04/20/2022] [Accepted: 04/26/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
This work theoretically compared the X-ray attenuation capabilities in natural rubber (NR) composites containing bismuth oxide (Bi2O3) by determining the effects of multi-layered structures on the shielding properties of the composites using two different software packages (XCOM and PHITS). The shielding properties of the single-layered and multi-layered Bi2O3/NR composites investigated consisted of the transmission factor (I/I0), effective linear attenuation coefficient (µeff), effective mass attenuation coefficient (µm,eff), and effective half-value layer (HVLeff). The results, with good agreement between those obtained from XCOM and PHITS (with less than 5% differences), indicated that the three-layered NR composites (sample#4), with the layer arrangement of pristine NR (layer#1)-Bi2O3/NR (layer#2)-pristine NR (layer#3), had relatively higher X-ray shielding properties than either a single-layer or the other multi-layered structures for all X-ray energies investigated (50, 100, 150, and 200 keV) due to its relatively larger effective percentage by weight of Bi2O3 in the composites. Furthermore, by varying the Bi2O3 contents in the middle layer (layer#2) of sample#4 from 10 to 90 wt.%, the results revealed that the overall X-ray shielding properties of the NR composites were further enhanced with additional filler, as evidenced by the highest values of µeff and µm,eff and the lowest values of I/I0 and HVLeff observed in the 90 wt.% Bi2O3/NR composites. In addition, the recommended Bi2O3 contents for the actual production of three-layered Bi2O3/NR composites (the same layer structure as sample#4) were determined by finding the least Bi2O3 content that enabled the sample to attenuate incident X-rays with equal efficiency to that of a 0.5-mm lead sheet (with an effective lead equivalence of 0.5 mmPb). The results suggested that the recommended Bi2O3 contents in layer#2 were 82, 72, and 64 wt.% for the combined 6 mm, 9 mm, and 12 mm samples, respectively.
Collapse
|
6
|
Gilys L, Griškonis E, Griškevičius P, Adlienė D. Lead Free Multilayered Polymer Composites for Radiation Shielding. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:1696. [PMID: 35566867 PMCID: PMC9104398 DOI: 10.3390/polym14091696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Revised: 04/15/2022] [Accepted: 04/19/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Silicone-based polymer composites containing high atomic number additives are prioritized for the development of new materials for radiation shielding, due to their mechanical, thermal, electrical, and multifunctional properties. The X-ray attenuation properties, as well as mechanical properties, of the newly developed-lead-free multi-layered structures for radiation shielding, based on silicone composite layers containing tin, cerium oxide, tungsten oxide, and bismuth additives, are analyzed and discussed in this paper. It is shown that, by varying the additive concentrations in silicone composites, lead-free and flexible layered structures, exhibiting lead-equivalent X-ray shielding, can be fabricated.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Laurynas Gilys
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Kaunas University of Technology, Studentu Street 50, LT-51368 Kaunas, Lithuania;
| | - Egidijus Griškonis
- Department of Physical and Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemical Technology, Kaunas University of Technology, Radvilenu Street 19, LT-50254 Kaunas, Lithuania;
| | - Paulius Griškevičius
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering and Design, Kaunas University of Technology, Studentu Street 56, LT-51424 Kaunas, Lithuania;
| | - Diana Adlienė
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Kaunas University of Technology, Studentu Street 50, LT-51368 Kaunas, Lithuania;
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Abstract
In this study, it was aimed to present an approach for the development of multi-layered tissue engineering constructs by using cell sheet engineering. Briefly, MC3T3-E1 mouse pre-osteoblast cells were cultured in temperature-responsive plates (Nunc Upcell®) in the presence of osteogenic medium and the resulting cell sheets were laminated with electrospun poly(L-lactic acid) (PLLA) membranes to obtain viable three-dimensional, thick constructs. The constructs prepared without PLLA membranes were used as control. The cell viability and death in the resulting structures were investigated by microscopic and colorimetric methods. The in vitro performance of the structures was discussed comparatively. Alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity, collagen and sulfated glycosaminoglycan (sGAG) content values were calculated. The presented approach shows potential for engineering applications of complex tissues with at least two or more microenvironments such as osteochondral, corneal or vascular tissues.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Atakan Tevlek
- Institute of Science, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Halil Murat Aydin
- Institute of Science, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey.,Centre for Bioengineering, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Huang LJ, Fu WL. A water drop-shaped slingshot in plants: geometry and mechanics in the explosive seed dispersal of Orixa japonica (Rutaceae). Ann Bot 2021; 127:765-774. [PMID: 33608717 PMCID: PMC8103806 DOI: 10.1093/aob/mcab017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2020] [Accepted: 02/05/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS In angiosperms, many species disperse their seeds autonomously by rapid movement of the pericarp. The fruits of these species often have long rod- or long plate-shaped pericarps, which are suitable for ejecting seeds during fruit dehiscence by bending or coiling. However, here we show that fruit with a completely different shape can also rely on pericarp movement to disperse seeds explosively, as in Orixa japonica. METHODS Fruit morphology was observed by hard tissue sectioning, scanning electron microscopy and micro-computed tomography, and the seed dispersal process was analysed using a high-speed camera. Comparisons were made of the geometric characteristics of pericarps before and after fruit dehiscence, and the mechanical process of pericarp movement was simulated with the aid of the finite element model. KEY RESULTS During fruit dehydration, the water drop-shaped endocarp of O. japonica with sandwich structure produced two-way bending deformation and cracking, and its width increased more than three-fold before opening. Meanwhile the same shaped exocarp with uniform structure could only produce small passive deformation under relatively large external forces. The endocarp forced the exocarp to open by hygroscopic movement before seed launching, and the exocarp provided the acceleration for seed launching through a reaction force. CONCLUSIONS Two layers of water drop-shaped pericarp in O. japonica form a structure similar to a slingshot, which launches the seed at high speed during fruit dehiscence. The results suggest that plants with explosive seed dispersal appear to have a wide variety of fruit morphology, and through a combination of different external shapes and internal structures, they are able to move rapidly using many sophisticated mechanisms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lan-Jie Huang
- College of Life Sciences, Hubei University, WuhanChina
| | - Wen-Long Fu
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic Botany and Watershed Ecology, Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, WuhanChina
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, BeijingChina
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Hou J, Chen L, Zhou M, Li J, Liu J, Fang H, Zeng Y, Sun J, Wang Z. Multi-Layered Polyamide/Collagen Scaffolds with Topical Sustained Release of N-Acetylcysteine for Promoting Wound Healing. Int J Nanomedicine 2020; 15:1349-1361. [PMID: 32184590 PMCID: PMC7053812 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s232190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2019] [Accepted: 02/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Impaired wound healing might be associated with many issues, especially overactive of reactive oxygen species (ROS), deficiency of blood vessels and immature of epidermis. N-acetylcysteine (NAC), as an antioxidant, could solve these problems by inhibiting overreactive of ROS, promoting revascularization and accelerating re-epithelialization. How to deliver NAC in situ with a controllable releasing speed still remain a challenge. Materials and Methods In this study, we combined collagen (Col) with N-acetylcysteine to perform the characteristics of sustained release and chemically crosslinked Col/NAC composite with polyamide (PA) nanofibers to enhance the mechanical property of collagen and fabricated this multi-layered scaffold (PA-Col/NAC scaffold). The physical properties of the scaffolds such as surface characteristics, water absorption and tensile modulus were tested. Meanwhile, the ability to promote wound healing in vitro and in vivo were investigated. Results These scaffolds were porous and performed great water absorption. The PA-Col/NAC scaffold could sustainably release NAC for at least 14 days. After cell implantation, PA-Col/NAC scaffold showed better cell proliferation and cell migration than the other groups. In vivo, PA-Col/NAC scaffolds could promote wound healing best among all the groups. Conclusion The multi-layered scaffolds could obviously accelerate the process of wound healing and exert better and prolonged effects.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jinfei Hou
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, People's Republic of China.,Wuhan Clinical Research Center for Superficial Organ Reconstruction, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Lifeng Chen
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, People's Republic of China.,Wuhan Clinical Research Center for Superficial Organ Reconstruction, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Muran Zhou
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, People's Republic of China.,Wuhan Clinical Research Center for Superficial Organ Reconstruction, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Jialun Li
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, People's Republic of China.,Wuhan Clinical Research Center for Superficial Organ Reconstruction, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Jian Liu
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, People's Republic of China.,Wuhan Clinical Research Center for Superficial Organ Reconstruction, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Huimin Fang
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, People's Republic of China.,Wuhan Clinical Research Center for Superficial Organ Reconstruction, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Yuyang Zeng
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, People's Republic of China.,Wuhan Clinical Research Center for Superficial Organ Reconstruction, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Jiaming Sun
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, People's Republic of China.,Wuhan Clinical Research Center for Superficial Organ Reconstruction, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Zhenxing Wang
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, People's Republic of China.,Wuhan Clinical Research Center for Superficial Organ Reconstruction, Wuhan 430022, China
| |
Collapse
|