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Mariottini Y, Marinelli C, Cepeda R, De Wysiecki ML, Lange CE. Relationship between pest grasshopper densities and climate variables in the southern Pampas of Argentina. Bull Entomol Res 2022; 112:613-625. [PMID: 35098914 DOI: 10.1017/s000748532100119x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Grasshoppers are one of the most predominant insects in the grasslands of the southern Pampas. In this region, Dichroplus elongatus, Dichroplus maculipennis, Dichroplus pratensis and Borellia bruneri are the most abundant species and have the greatest economic importance. This study aimed to assess the relationship between temporal changes in the density of these species and climate variables associated with temperature and rainfall over an 11-year study period., We monitored 22 sites in different areas of Laprida county from 2005 to 2016. A total of 25 grasshopper species were collected. The most abundant species were D. maculipennis and B. bruneri which reached the highest densities from 2008-2009 to 2010-2011. The rainfall accumulated from September (RAS) to the sampling date and the number of rainy days (RD) largely explained the density variation of B. bruneri. Besides RD and RAS, winter rainfall, rainfall accumulated from October to the sampling date, and thermal amplitude of October (TAO) influenced the density of D. maculipennis. Our results indicated that seasons with less rainfall and fewer RD favored these two species' abundance. We identified that the RD and TAO contributed significantly to variations in the density of D. elongatus. In contrast to the other two species, we recorded D. elongatus in seasons with high rainfall and high RD. A better understanding of the climate influence on the life cycle of these economically important insects may identify key factors in their population dynamics which in turn may improve management options.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Mariottini
- Instituto Multidisciplinario sobre Ecosistemas y Desarrollo Sustentable (UNICEN-CICPBA), Arroyo seco S/N Campus Universitario, 7000, Tandil, Argentina
| | - C Marinelli
- Instituto Multidisciplinario sobre Ecosistemas y Desarrollo Sustentable (UNICEN-CICPBA), Arroyo seco S/N Campus Universitario, 7000, Tandil, Argentina
| | - R Cepeda
- Instituto Multidisciplinario sobre Ecosistemas y Desarrollo Sustentable (UNICEN-CICPBA), Arroyo seco S/N Campus Universitario, 7000, Tandil, Argentina
| | - M L De Wysiecki
- Centro de Estudios Parasitológicos y de Vectores (CONICET-UNLP), Boulevard 120 entre 60 y 64, 1900, La Plata, Argentina
- Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Museo (UNLP), Av. 122 y 60, 1900, La Plata, Argentina
| | - C E Lange
- Centro de Estudios Parasitológicos y de Vectores (CONICET-UNLP), Boulevard 120 entre 60 y 64, 1900, La Plata, Argentina
- Comisión de Investigaciones Científicas de la Provincia de Buenos Aires (CICPBA), 526 entre 10 y 11, 1900, La Plata, Argentina
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Garaycochea S, Romero H, Beyhaut E, Neal AL, Altier N. Soil structure, nutrient status and water holding capacity shape Uruguayan grassland prokaryotic communities. FEMS Microbiol Ecol 2021; 96:5920615. [PMID: 33038219 DOI: 10.1093/femsec/fiaa207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2020] [Accepted: 10/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Soil microbial communities play critical roles in maintaining natural ecosystems such as the Campos biome grasslands of southern South America. These grasslands are characterized by a high diversity of soils, low available phosphorus (P) and limited water holding capacity. This work aimed to describe prokaryotic communities associated with different soil types and to examine the relationship among these soil communities, the parent material and the soil nutrient status. Five Uruguayan soils with different parent material and nutrient status, under natural grasslands, were compared. The structure and diversity of prokaryotic communities were characterized by sequencing 16S rRNA gene amplicons. Proteobacteria, Actinobacteria, Firmicutes,Verrucomicrobia, Acidobacteria, Planctomycetes and Chloroflexi were the predominant phyla. Ordination based on several distance measures was able to discriminate clearly between communities associated with different soil types. Edge-PCA phylogeny-sensitive ordination and differential relative abundance analyses identified Archaea and the bacterial phyla Firmicutes, Acidobacteria, Actinobacteria and Verrucomicrobia as those with significant differences among soil types. Canonical analysis of principal coordinates identified porosity, clay content, available P, soil organic carbon and water holding capacity as the main variables contributing to determine the characteristic prokaryotic communities of each soil type.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Garaycochea
- Instituto Nacional de Investigación Agropecuaria (INIA), Estación Experimental INIA Las Brujas, Ruta 48 Km 10, Canelones, 90200, Uruguay
| | - Héctor Romero
- Laboratorio de Organización y Evolución del Genoma/Unidad de Genómica Evolutiva, Departamento de Ecología y Evolución, Facultad de Ciencias/CURE, Universidad de la República, Maldonado, Uruguay
| | - Elena Beyhaut
- Instituto Nacional de Investigación Agropecuaria (INIA), Estación Experimental INIA Las Brujas, Ruta 48 Km 10, Canelones, 90200, Uruguay
| | - Andrew L Neal
- Department of Sustainable Agricultural Sciences, Rothamsted Research, North Wyke, Devon EX22 2SB, UK
| | - Nora Altier
- Instituto Nacional de Investigación Agropecuaria (INIA), Estación Experimental INIA Las Brujas, Ruta 48 Km 10, Canelones, 90200, Uruguay
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Chen W, Wang J, Meng Z, Xu R, Chen J, Zhang Y, Hu T. Fertility-related interplay between fungal guilds underlies plant richness-productivity relationships in natural grasslands. New Phytol 2020; 226:1129-1143. [PMID: 31863600 DOI: 10.1111/nph.16390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2019] [Accepted: 12/08/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The plant richness-productivity relationship is a central subject in ecology, yet the mechanisms behind this pattern remain debated. Soil fungi are closely associated with the dynamics of plant communities, however empirical evidence on how fungal communities integrate into the richness-productivity relationships of natural environments is lacking. We used Illumina high-throughput sequencing to identify rhizosphere fungal communities across a natural plant richness gradient at two sites with different fertility conditions, and related the subsequent information to plant richness and productivity to elucidate the role of fungal guilds in integrating the linkages of both plant components. Saprotrophs, mycorrhizal fungi and potential plant pathogens interacted differently between the sites, with saprotrophic and mycorrhizal fungal abundances being positively correlated at the high-nutrient site and abundances of mycorrhizal fungi and potential plant pathogens being negatively correlated at the low-nutrient site. The synergistic associations between these fungal guilds with plant richness and productivity operated in concert to promote positive richness-productivity relationships. Our findings provide empirical evidence for the importance of soil fungal guilds in integrating the linkages of plant richness and productivity, and suggest that future work incorporating soil fungal communities into richness-productivity relationships would advance our mechanistic understanding of their linkages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenqing Chen
- College of Grassland Agriculture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Jianyu Wang
- College of Grassland Agriculture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Zexin Meng
- College of Grassland Agriculture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Ran Xu
- College of Grassland Agriculture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Jun Chen
- College of Grassland Agriculture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yingjun Zhang
- Department of Grassland Science, College of Grassland Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Tianming Hu
- College of Grassland Agriculture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
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Sabattini JA, Sabattini RA, Cian JC, Sabattini IA. Vegetation Changes in a Native Forest Produced by Atta vollenweideri Forel 1893 (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) Nests. Neotrop Entomol 2018; 47:53-61. [PMID: 28364272 DOI: 10.1007/s13744-017-0513-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2016] [Accepted: 03/15/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Herbivory is an important factor to generate spatial mosaics with variations in a plant community composition and organization. The objective of this work was to determine the impact of Atta vollenweideri Forel 1893 nests on herbaceous and shrub vegetation in a degraded native forest of the Espinal ecoregion. The study was carried out in the Protected Area and Multiple Use Nature Reserve called Estancia "El Carayá" (Entre Ríos, Argentina). Ten A. vollenweideri nests were selected by simple random sampling through internal roads, and two transects were drawn from the center of the nest (0 m) up to 60 m away in opposite directions. The line intercept method was used to quantify the percentage of vegetation cover of herbaceous and shrub species, while the floristic composition was estimated by the Canfield method. Afterwards, a nonparametric test between positions and a conglomerate analysis to evaluated distance were applied. Grass species, legumes, and sedges fell in the adjacent areas to nests, highlighting the bare soil at the crest and base of the nests. Fifteen plant species were identified, and two families correspond to monocotyledonous and dicotyledonous species. In conclusion, the nests of A. vollenweideri affect the community of herbaceous and shrub vegetation of the studied degraded native forest of the Espinal ecoregion since these ants perform a high selection of herbaceous species considered as pioneers of plant successions.
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Affiliation(s)
- J A Sabattini
- Cátedra de Ecología de Sistemas Agropecuarios, Facultad de Ciencias Agropecuarias, Univ Nacional de Entre Ríos, Ruta 11, Km 10.5, Oro Verde, Entre Ríos, Argentina.
| | - R A Sabattini
- Cátedra de Ecología de Sistemas Agropecuarios, Facultad de Ciencias Agropecuarias, Univ Nacional de Entre Ríos, Ruta 11, Km 10.5, Oro Verde, Entre Ríos, Argentina
| | - J C Cian
- Cátedra de Ecología de Sistemas Agropecuarios, Facultad de Ciencias Agropecuarias, Univ Nacional de Entre Ríos, Ruta 11, Km 10.5, Oro Verde, Entre Ríos, Argentina
| | - I A Sabattini
- Cátedra de Ecología de Sistemas Agropecuarios, Facultad de Ciencias Agropecuarias, Univ Nacional de Entre Ríos, Ruta 11, Km 10.5, Oro Verde, Entre Ríos, Argentina
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Fetzel T, Havlik P, Herrero M, Erb KH. Seasonality constraints to livestock grazing intensity. Glob Chang Biol 2017; 23:1636-1647. [PMID: 27976453 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.13591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2016] [Revised: 11/09/2016] [Accepted: 11/17/2016] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Increasing food production is essential to meet the future food demand of a growing world population. In light of pressing sustainability challenges such as climate change and the importance of the global livestock system for food security as well as GHG emissions, finding ways to increasing food production sustainably and without increasing competition for food crops is essential. Yet, many unknowns relate to livestock grazing, in particular grazing intensity, an essential variable to assess the sustainability of livestock systems. Here, we explore ecological limits to grazing intensity (GI; i.e. the fraction of net primary production consumed by grazing animals) by analysing the role of seasonality in natural grasslands. We estimate seasonal limitations to GI by combining monthly net primary production data and a map of global livestock distribution with assumptions on the length of nonfavourable periods that can be bridged by livestock (e.g. by browsing dead standing biomass, storage systems or biomass conservation). This allows us to derive a seasonality-limited potential GI, which we compare with the GI prevailing in 2000. We find that GI in 2000 lies below its potential on 39% of the total global natural grasslands, which has a potential for increasing biomass extraction of up to 181 MtC/yr. In contrast, on 61% of the area GI exceeds the potential, made possible by management. Mobilizing this potential could increase milk production by 5%, meat production by 4% or contribute to free up to 2.8 Mio km² of grassland area at the global scale if the numerous socio-ecological constraints can be overcome. We discuss socio-ecological trade-offs, which may reduce the estimated potential considerably and require the establishment of sound monitoring systems and an improved understanding of livestock system's role in the Earth system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamara Fetzel
- Institute of Social Ecology Vienna, Alpen-Adria Universitaet Klagenfurt, Wien, Graz, Schottenfeldgasse 29, 1070, Vienna, Austria
| | - Petr Havlik
- Ecosystem Services and Management Program, International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis, Schloßplatz 1, 2361, Laxenburg, Austria
| | - Mario Herrero
- Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation, 306 Carmody Road, St Lucia, QLD, 4067, Australia
| | - Karl-Heinz Erb
- Institute of Social Ecology Vienna, Alpen-Adria Universitaet Klagenfurt, Wien, Graz, Schottenfeldgasse 29, 1070, Vienna, Austria
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