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Ashokan A, Leong-Škorničková J, Suksathan P, Newman M, Kress WJ, Gowda V. Floral evolution and pollinator diversification in Hedychium: Revisiting Darwin's predictions using an integrative taxonomic approach. Am J Bot 2022; 109:1410-1427. [PMID: 35862825 DOI: 10.1002/ajb2.16039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2021] [Revised: 06/08/2022] [Accepted: 06/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
PREMISE Hedychium J. Koenig (Zingiberaceae) is endemic to the Indo-Malayan Realm and is known for its colorful and fragrant flowers. Historically, two different pollination syndromes characterize Hedychium: diurnal or bird pollination, and nocturnal or moth pollination. In this study, we aim to understand the evolution of nocturnal and diurnal flowers, and to test its putative association with lineage diversification in Hedychium. METHODS A molecular tree of Hedychium was used as a scaffold upon which we estimated ancestral character states, phylogenetic signals, and correlations for certain categorical and continuous floral traits. Furthermore, we used phylomorphospace and trait-dependent diversification rate estimation analyses to understand phenotypic evolution and associated lineage diversification in Hedychium. RESULTS Although floral color and size lacked any association with specific pollinators, white or pale flowers were most common in the early branching clades when compared to bright-colored flowers, which were more widely represented in the most-derived clade IV. Five categorical and two continuous characters were identified to have informative evolutionary patterns, which also emphasized that ecology may have played a critical role in the diversification of Hedychium. CONCLUSIONS From our phylogenetic analyses and ecological observations, we conclude that specializations in pollinator interactions are rare in the hyperdiverse clade IV, thus challenging the role of both moth-specialization and bird-specialization as central factors in the diversification of Hedychium. However, our results also suggest that clade III (predominantly island clade) may show specializations, and future studies should investigate ecological and pollinator interactions, along with inclusion of new traits such as floral fragrance and anthesis time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ajith Ashokan
- Tropical Ecology and Evolution (TrEE) Lab, Department of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER), Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, 462066, India
| | - Jana Leong-Škorničková
- Research & Conservation branch, Singapore Botanic Gardens, 1 Cluny Road, 259569, Singapore
| | - Piyakaset Suksathan
- Herbarium (QBG), Queen Sirikit Botanic Garden, P. O. Box 7, Mae Rim, Chiang Mai, 50180, Thailand
| | - Mark Newman
- Royal Botanic Garden Edinburgh, 20A Inverleith Row, Edinburgh, EH3 5LR, Scotland, United Kingdom
| | - W John Kress
- Department of Botany, MRC-166, National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, P. O. Box 37012, Washington, DC, 20013-7012, United States
| | - Vinita Gowda
- Tropical Ecology and Evolution (TrEE) Lab, Department of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER), Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, 462066, India
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Chen C, Zheng Z, Wu D, Tan L, Yang C, Liu S, Lu J, Cheng Y, Sha L, Wang Y, Kang H, Fan X, Zhou Y, Zhang C, Zhang H. Morphological, cytological, and molecular evidences for natural hybridization between Roegneria stricta and Roegneria turczaninovii (Triticeae: Poaceae). Ecol Evol 2022; 12:e8517. [PMID: 35136562 PMCID: PMC8809439 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.8517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2021] [Revised: 11/26/2021] [Accepted: 12/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Some plants with low fertility are morphologically intermediate between Roegneria stricta and Roegneria turczaninovii, and were suspected to be natural hybrids between these species. In this study, karyotype analysis showed that natural hybrids and their putative parents were tetraploids (2n = 4x = 28). Meiotic pairing in natural hybrids is more irregular than its putative parents. Results of genomic in situ hybridization and fluorescence in situ hybridization indicate that natural hybrids contain the same genome as their putative parents. The nuclear gene DNA meiotic recombinase 1 (DMC1) and the chloroplast gene rps16 of natural hybrids and their putative parents were analyzed for evidence of hybridization. The results from molecular data supported by morphology and cytology demonstrated that the plants represent natural hybrids between R. stricta and R. turczaninovii. The study is important for understanding species evolution in the genus since it demonstrates for the first time the existence of populations of natural homoploid hybrids in Roegneria. The study also reports for the first time that the composition of the genomic formula of R. turczaninovii is StY, confirming that the current taxonomic status is correct.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Chen
- Triticeae Research InstituteSichuan Agricultural UniversityChengduChina
| | - Zilue Zheng
- Triticeae Research InstituteSichuan Agricultural UniversityChengduChina
| | - Dandan Wu
- Triticeae Research InstituteSichuan Agricultural UniversityChengduChina
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest ChinaSichuan Agricultural UniversityChengduChina
| | - Lu Tan
- Triticeae Research InstituteSichuan Agricultural UniversityChengduChina
| | - Cairong Yang
- College of Chemistry and Life SciencesChengdu Normal UniversityChengduChina
| | - Songqing Liu
- College of Chemistry and Life SciencesChengdu Normal UniversityChengduChina
| | - Jiale Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest ChinaSichuan Agricultural UniversityChengduChina
- College of Grassland Science and TechnologySichuan Agricultural UniversityChengduChina
| | - Yiran Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest ChinaSichuan Agricultural UniversityChengduChina
| | - Lina Sha
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest ChinaSichuan Agricultural UniversityChengduChina
- College of Grassland Science and TechnologySichuan Agricultural UniversityChengduChina
| | - Yi Wang
- Triticeae Research InstituteSichuan Agricultural UniversityChengduChina
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest ChinaSichuan Agricultural UniversityChengduChina
| | - Houyang Kang
- Triticeae Research InstituteSichuan Agricultural UniversityChengduChina
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest ChinaSichuan Agricultural UniversityChengduChina
| | - Xing Fan
- Triticeae Research InstituteSichuan Agricultural UniversityChengduChina
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest ChinaSichuan Agricultural UniversityChengduChina
| | - Yonghong Zhou
- Triticeae Research InstituteSichuan Agricultural UniversityChengduChina
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest ChinaSichuan Agricultural UniversityChengduChina
| | | | - Haiqin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest ChinaSichuan Agricultural UniversityChengduChina
- College of Grassland Science and TechnologySichuan Agricultural UniversityChengduChina
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Wu Y, Bogdanowicz SM, Andres JA, Vieira KA, Wang B, Cossé A, Pfister SE. Tracking invasions of a destructive defoliator, the gypsy moth (Erebidae: Lymantria dispar): Population structure, origin of intercepted specimens, and Asian introgression into North America. Evol Appl 2020; 13:2056-2070. [PMID: 32908604 PMCID: PMC7463338 DOI: 10.1111/eva.12962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2019] [Revised: 02/03/2020] [Accepted: 03/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Genetic data can help elucidate the dynamics of biological invasions, which are fueled by the constant expansion of international trade. The introduction of European gypsy moth (Lymantria dispar dispar) into North America is a classic example of human-aided invasion that has caused tremendous damage to North American temperate forests. Recently, the even more destructive Asian gypsy moth (mainly L. d. asiatica and L. d. japonica) has been intercepted in North America, mostly transported by cargo ships. To track invasion pathways, we developed a diagnostic panel of 60 DNA loci (55 nuclear and 5 mitochondrial) to characterize worldwide genetic differentiation within L. dispar and its sister species L. umbrosa. Hierarchical analyses supported strong differentiation and recovered five geographic groups that correspond to (1) North America, (2) Europe plus North Africa and Middle East, (3) the Urals, Central Asia, and Russian Siberia, (4) continental East Asia, and (5) the Japanese islands. Interestingly, L. umbrosa was grouped with L. d. japonica, and the introduced North American population exhibits remarkable distinctiveness from contemporary European counterparts. Each geographic group, except for North America, shows additional lower-level structures when analyzed individually, which provided the basis for inference of the origin of invasive specimens. Two assignment approaches consistently identified a coastal area of continental East Asia as the major source for Asian invasion during 2014-2015, with Japan being another source. By analyzing simulation and laboratory crosses, we further provided evidence for the occurrence of natural Asian-North American hybrids in the Pacific Northwest, raising concerns for introgression of Asian alleles that may accelerate range expansion of gypsy moth in North America. Our study demonstrates how genetic data contribute to bio-surveillance of invasive species with results that can inform regulatory management and reduce the frequency of trade-associated invasions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunke Wu
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary BiologyCornell UniversityIthacaNYUSA
- United States Department of AgricultureAPHIS, PPQ, S&T, Otis LaboratoryBuzzards BayMAUSA
| | | | - Jose A. Andres
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary BiologyCornell UniversityIthacaNYUSA
| | - Kendra A. Vieira
- United States Department of AgricultureAPHIS, PPQ, S&T, Otis LaboratoryBuzzards BayMAUSA
| | - Baode Wang
- United States Department of AgricultureAPHIS, PPQ, S&T, Otis LaboratoryBuzzards BayMAUSA
| | - Allard Cossé
- United States Department of AgricultureAPHIS, PPQ, S&T, Otis LaboratoryBuzzards BayMAUSA
| | - Scott E. Pfister
- United States Department of AgricultureAPHIS, PPQ, S&T, Otis LaboratoryBuzzards BayMAUSA
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Luo X, Chen J. Distinguishing Sichuan Walnut Cultivars and Examining Their Relationships with Juglans regia and J. sigillata by FISH, Early-Fruiting Gene Analysis, and SSR Analysis. Front Plant Sci 2020; 11:27. [PMID: 32161605 PMCID: PMC7052499 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2020.00027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2019] [Accepted: 01/13/2020] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Walnuts are economically important tree species in Sichuan Province (China) that provide heathy nuts. Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) and analyses of an early-fruiting gene fragment and simple sequence repeats (SSRs) were used to distinguish Sichuan walnut cultivars and examine their relationships with Juglans regia L. and Juglans sigillata Dode. Thirty-four small chromosomes were counted in four Sichuan walnut cultivars. In the four cultivars, 5S rDNA was located in the proximal regions of two chromosomes (5 and 6), while (AG3T3)3 was located at both ends of each chromosome. The existence of the signal at both chromosome ends ensured accurate chromosome counts. 5S rDNA and (AG3T3)3 were not effective in identifying Sichuan walnut cultivars. Evolutionary analysis involving 32 early-fruiting nucleotide sequences from Sichuan walnut materials were performed with the maximum likelihood method. There were a total of 602 positions. All positions with gaps and missing data were eliminated, resulting in a final dataset of 562 positions. The ML tree with the highest log likelihood (-1607.82) revealed two obvious groups: one including materials of J. regia, which fruits 1 year after grafting, and another including materials of J. sigillata, which fruits >3 years after grafting. The early-fruiting gene fragment divided 22 walnut materials (10 walnut cultivars and 12 walnut accessions) into two groups, indicating that it was somewhat effective for distinguishing Sichuan walnut cultivars. Furthermore, 22 SSR loci were revealed to identify nine walnut cultivars. Eight cultivars were exclusively discerned by one SSR locus each: Chuanzao 1 [CUJRB307 (116) or CUJRA206a (182)], Chuanzao 2 [JSI-73 (154)], Shuangzao [CUJRB103a (123), CUJRB218 (144), JSI-71 (146), or CUJRA206a (176)], Shimianju [ZMZ11 (138)], Meigupao [CUJRB218 (149), CUJRB103a (151), or CUJRA206a (190)], Muzhilinhe [CUJRB220 (136), ZMZ11 (147), CUJRC310 (156), or JSI-73 (166)], Maerkang [CUJRA124 (154), CUJRB218 (159), or CUJRA123 (182)], Yanyuanzao [CUJRA124 (150) or CUJRA206a (192)]. The Shuling cultivar was identified by the combination of ZMZ11 (148) and other SSR loci, which distinguished and excluded the Chuanzao 1 and Yanyuanzao cultivars. Our results will guide the identification and breeding of Sichuan walnut cultivars.
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Bresadola L, Caseys C, Castiglione S, Buerkle CA, Wegmann D, Lexer C. Admixture mapping in interspecific Populus hybrids identifies classes of genomic architectures for phytochemical, morphological and growth traits. New Phytol 2019; 223:2076-2089. [PMID: 31104343 PMCID: PMC6771622 DOI: 10.1111/nph.15930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2018] [Accepted: 05/06/2019] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
The genomic architecture of functionally important traits is key to understanding the maintenance of reproductive barriers and trait differences when divergent populations or species hybridize. We conducted a genome-wide association study (GWAS) to study trait architecture in natural hybrids of two ecologically divergent Populus species. We genotyped 472 seedlings from a natural hybrid zone of Populus alba and Populus tremula for genome-wide markers from reduced representation sequencing, phenotyped the plants in common gardens for 46 phytochemical (phenylpropanoid), morphological and growth traits, and used a Bayesian polygenic model for mapping. We detected three classes of genomic architectures: traits with finite, detectable associations of genetic loci with phenotypic variation in addition to highly polygenic heritability; traits with indications for polygenic heritability only; and traits with no detectable heritability. For the first class, we identified genome regions with plausible candidate genes for phenylpropanoid biosynthesis or its regulation, including MYB transcription factors and glycosyl transferases. GWAS in natural, recombinant hybrids represent a promising step towards resolving the genomic architecture of phenotypic traits in long-lived species. This facilitates the fine-mapping and subsequent functional characterization of genes and networks causing differences in hybrid performance and fitness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luisa Bresadola
- Department of BiologyUniversity of FribourgChemin du Musée 101700FribourgSwitzerland
| | - Céline Caseys
- Department of BiologyUniversity of FribourgChemin du Musée 101700FribourgSwitzerland
- Department of Plant SciencesUniversity of California DavisOne Shields AvenueDavisCA95616USA
| | - Stefano Castiglione
- Department of Chemistry and Biology ‘A. Zambelli’University of SalernoVia Giovanni Paolo II 13284084Fisciano, SalernoItaly
| | - C. Alex Buerkle
- Department of BotanyUniversity of Wyoming1000 E. University Ave.LaramieWY82071USA
| | - Daniel Wegmann
- Department of BiologyUniversity of FribourgChemin du Musée 101700FribourgSwitzerland
- Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics1700FribourgSwitzerland
| | - Christian Lexer
- Department of BiologyUniversity of FribourgChemin du Musée 101700FribourgSwitzerland
- Department of Botany and Biodiversity ResearchFaculty of Life SciencesUniversity of ViennaRennweg 12A‐1030ViennaAustria
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Dangl GS, Mendum ML, Yang J, Walker MA, Preece JE. Hybridization of cultivated Vitis vinifera with wild V. californica and V. girdiana in California. Ecol Evol 2015; 5:5671-84. [PMID: 27069616 PMCID: PMC4813103 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.1797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2015] [Accepted: 10/02/2015] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Hybridization of introduced domesticates and closely related natives is well documented in annual crops. The widespread introduction of the domesticated grapevine, Vitis vinifera, into California where it overlaps with two native congenerics, with which it is interfertile, provides opportunity to investigate hybridization between woody perennials. Although geographically widespread, the introduction over the past two centuries has been limited to a few elite clonal cultivars, providing a unique opportunity to study the effects of hybridization on the native species. The amount of hybridization with V. vinifera and the genetic diversity of wild-growing Vitis californica and Vitis girdiana were examined using nineteen microsatellite markers. STRUCTURE analysis was used to define hybrid and introgressed individuals and to analyze genetic structure of the native species. FAMOZ software was used to identify which V. vinifera cultivars served as parents of F 1 hybrids. The three species were clearly distinguished by STRUCTURE analysis. Thirty percent of 119 V. californica vines were hybrids. The domesticated parent was identified for 16 F 1 hybrid vines; the original California cultivar, 'Mission', was the parent of eight. Backcrosses were also found, showing introgression into subsequent generations. Similar results were obtained for a small sample of V. girdiana. Removing hybrids greatly reduced the genetic variation of the presumed pure species, among which there was essentially no genetic structure. Limited genetic variability indicates the California natives may be threatened by genetic erosion. The discovery of F 1 hybrids of 'Mission', a cultivar not grown in the areas for ~100 years, suggests long generation times for wild vines that, often, grow into expansive liana and propagate by layering, all factors that limit recruitment in populations already disjunct by habitat lose. Hermaphroditic flowers and fruit that is more attractive to birds may favor the production of backcross seed and establishment of introgressed individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gerald S. Dangl
- Foundation Plant ServicesUniversity of California DavisOne Shields Ave.DavisCalifornia95616
| | - Mary Lou Mendum
- Department of Plant SciencesUniversity of California DavisOne Shields Ave.DavisCalifornia95616
| | - Judy Yang
- Foundation Plant ServicesUniversity of California DavisOne Shields Ave.DavisCalifornia95616
| | - M. Andrew Walker
- Department of Viticulture and EnologyUniversity of California DavisOne Shields Ave.DavisCalifornia95616
| | - John E. Preece
- National Clonal Germplasm RepositoryUSDA‐ARSUniversity of California DavisOne Shields AveDavisCalifornia95616
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Schumer M, Cui R, Rosenthal GG, Andolfatto P. simMSG: an experimental design tool for high-throughput genotyping of hybrids. Mol Ecol Resour 2015; 16:183-92. [PMID: 26032857 DOI: 10.1111/1755-0998.12434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2015] [Revised: 05/19/2015] [Accepted: 05/22/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Hybridization between closely related species, whether naturally occurring or laboratory generated, is a useful tool for mapping the genetic basis of the phenotypic traits that distinguish species. The development of next-generation sequencing techniques has greatly improved our ability to assign ancestry to hybrid genomes. One such next-generation sequencing technique, multiplexed shotgun genotyping (or MSG), can be a powerful tool for genotyping hybrids. However, it is difficult a priori to predict the accuracy of MSG in natural hybrids because accuracy depends on ancestry tract length and number of ancestry informative markers. Here, we present a simulator, 'simMSG', that will allow researchers to design MSG experiments and show that in many cases MSG can accurately assign ancestry to hundreds of thousands of sites in the genomes of natural hybrids. The simMSG tool can be used to design experiments for diverse applications including QTL mapping, genotyping introgressed lines or admixture mapping.
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Affiliation(s)
- Molly Schumer
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, 08544, USA.,Centro de Investigaciones Científicas de las Huastecas 'Aguazarca', Calnali, Hidalgo, Mexico
| | - Rongfeng Cui
- Centro de Investigaciones Científicas de las Huastecas 'Aguazarca', Calnali, Hidalgo, Mexico.,Department of Biology, Texas A&M University, TAMU, College Station, TX, USA.,Max Planck Institute for the Biology of Aging, Cologne, Germany
| | - Gil G Rosenthal
- Centro de Investigaciones Científicas de las Huastecas 'Aguazarca', Calnali, Hidalgo, Mexico.,Department of Biology, Texas A&M University, TAMU, College Station, TX, USA
| | - Peter Andolfatto
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, 08544, USA.,Lewis-Sigler Institute for Integrative Genomics, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, 08544, USA
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Chen S, Luo Z, Zhang D. Pre- and post-zygotic reproductive isolation between co-occurring Mussaenda pubescens var. alba and M. shikokiana (Rubiaceae). J Integr Plant Biol 2014; 56:411-419. [PMID: 24299214 DOI: 10.1111/jipb.12140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2013] [Accepted: 11/26/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Reproductive isolation is a fundamental requirement for speciation and includes several sequential stages. Few studies have determined the relative contributions of pre- and post-zygotic reproductive isolation in plants, especially between relative species with clear differentiation in flower form. To investigate the mechanisms responsible for reproductive isolation in sympatric Mussaenda pubescens var. alba and Mussaenda shikokiana (Rubiaceae) in Guangxi Province, China, we made observations of flowering phenology, patterns of insect visitation, and conducted pollination experiments, including artificial hybridization. The two species had overlapping flowering times and were pollinated by overlapping pollinators; however, their relative importance differed significantly with M. pubescens visited more commonly by bees and M. shikokiana more frequently by butterflies. Using vegetative and floral characters and molecular evidence based on nuclear ribosomal internal and external transcribed spacer regions we detected seven naturally occurring hybrids among a sample of approximately 125 individuals. Hybrids were characterized by morphologies that most closely resembled their maternal parents based on chloroplast evidence. Studies of artificially synthesized and natural hybrids demonstrated that hybrid seed had very low germination rates and naturally occurring hybrids exhibited pollen sterility. Post-zygotic reproductive isolating mechanisms play a primary role in limiting gene exchange between co-occurring species and maintaining species integrity in areas of sympatry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shi Chen
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources Conservation and Sustainable Utilization, South China Botanical Garden, the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510650, China
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