1
|
Yang Q, Patrick M, Lu J, Chen J, Zhang Y, Hemani H, Lehrmann E, De S, Weng NP. Homeodomain-only protein suppresses proliferation and contributes to differentiation- and age-related reduced CD8 + T cell expansion. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1360229. [PMID: 38410516 PMCID: PMC10895957 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1360229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2023] [Accepted: 01/24/2024] [Indexed: 02/28/2024] Open
Abstract
T cell activation is a tightly controlled process involving both positive and negative regulators. The precise mechanisms governing the negative regulators in T cell proliferation remain incompletely understood. Here, we report that homeodomain-only protein (HOPX), a homeodomain-containing protein, and its most abundant isoform HOPXb, negatively regulate activation-induced proliferation of human T cells. We found that HOPX expression progressively increased from naïve (TN) to central memory (TCM) to effector memory (TEM) cells, with a notable upregulation following in vitro stimulation. Overexpression of HOPXb leads to a reduction in TN cell proliferation while HOPX knockdown promotes proliferation of TN and TEM cells. Furthermore, we demonstrated that HOPX binds to promoters and exerts repressive effects on the expression of MYC and NR4A1, two positive regulators known to promote T cell proliferation. Importantly, our findings suggest aging is associated with increased HOPX expression, and that knockdown of HOPX enhances the proliferation of CD8+ T cells in older adults. Our findings provide compelling evidence that HOPX serves as a negative regulator of T cell activation and plays a pivotal role in T cell differentiation and in age-related-reduction in T cell proliferation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qian Yang
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology and Immunology, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Michael Patrick
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology and Immunology, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Jian Lu
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology and Immunology, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Joseph Chen
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology and Immunology, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Yongqing Zhang
- Laboratory of Genetics and Genomics, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Humza Hemani
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology and Immunology, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Elin Lehrmann
- Laboratory of Genetics and Genomics, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Supriyo De
- Laboratory of Genetics and Genomics, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Nan-ping Weng
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology and Immunology, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, United States
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Yang X, Yan S, Li Y, Li G, Sun S, Li J, Cui Z, Huo J, Sun Y, Wang X, Liu F. Comparison of Transcriptome between Tolerant and Susceptible Rice Cultivar Reveals Positive and Negative Regulators of Response to Rhizoctonia solani in Rice. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:14310. [PMID: 37762614 PMCID: PMC10532033 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241814310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2023] [Revised: 09/01/2023] [Accepted: 09/06/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Rice (Oryza sativa L.) is one of the world's most crucial food crops, as it currently supports more than half of the world's population. However, the presence of sheath blight (SB) caused by Rhizoctonia solani has become a significant issue for rice agriculture. This disease is responsible for causing severe yield losses each year and is a threat to global food security. The breeding of SB-resistant rice varieties requires a thorough understanding of the molecular mechanisms involved and the exploration of immune genes in rice. To this end, we conducted a screening of rice cultivars for resistance to SB and compared the transcriptome based on RNA-seq between the most tolerant and susceptible cultivars. Our study revealed significant transcriptomic differences between the tolerant cultivar ZhengDao 22 (ZD) and the most susceptible cultivar XinZhi No.1 (XZ) in response to R. solani invasion. Specifically, the tolerant cultivar showed 7066 differentially expressed genes (DEGs), while the susceptible cultivar showed only 60 DEGs. In further analysis, we observed clear differences in gene category between up- and down-regulated expression of genes (uDEGs and dDEGs) based on Gene Ontology (GO) classes in response to infection in the tolerant cultivar ZD, and then identified uDEGs related to cell surface pattern recognition receptors, the Ca2+ ion signaling pathway, and the Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase (MAPK) cascade that play a positive role against R. solani. In addition, DEGs of the jasmonic acid and ethylene signaling pathways were mainly positively regulated, whereas DEGs of the auxin signaling pathway were mainly negatively regulated. Transcription factors were involved in the immune response as either positive or negative regulators of the response to this pathogen. Furthermore, our results showed that chloroplasts play a crucial role and that reduced photosynthetic capacity is a critical feature of this response. The results of this research have important implications for better characterization of the molecular mechanism of SB resistance and for the development of resistant cultivars through molecular breeding methods.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiurong Yang
- Institute of Plant Protection, Tianjin Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Tianjin 300381, China
| | - Shuangyong Yan
- Institute of Crop Research, Tianjin Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Tianjin 300381, China
| | - Yuejiao Li
- Institute of Plant Protection, Tianjin Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Tianjin 300381, China
| | - Guangsheng Li
- Institute of Plant Protection, Tianjin Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Tianjin 300381, China
| | - Shuqin Sun
- Institute of Plant Protection, Tianjin Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Tianjin 300381, China
| | - Junling Li
- Institute of Crop Research, Tianjin Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Tianjin 300381, China
| | - Zhongqiu Cui
- Institute of Crop Research, Tianjin Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Tianjin 300381, China
| | - Jianfei Huo
- Institute of Plant Protection, Tianjin Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Tianjin 300381, China
| | - Yue Sun
- Institute of Crop Research, Tianjin Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Tianjin 300381, China
| | - Xiaojing Wang
- Institute of Crop Research, Tianjin Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Tianjin 300381, China
| | - Fangzhou Liu
- Institute of Crop Research, Tianjin Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Tianjin 300381, China
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Li Y, Dai M, Lu L, Zhang Y. The C 2H 2-Type Transcription Factor ZfpA, Coordinately with CrzA, Affects Azole Susceptibility by Regulating the Multidrug Transporter Gene atrF in Aspergillus fumigatus. Microbiol Spectr 2023; 11:e0032523. [PMID: 37318356 PMCID: PMC10434176 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.00325-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2023] [Accepted: 05/26/2023] [Indexed: 06/16/2023] Open
Abstract
The incidence of invasive aspergillosis caused by Aspergillus fumigatus has risen steadily over the past few decades due to the limited effective treatment options and the emergence of antifungal-resistant isolates. In clinic-isolated A. fumigatus, the azole resistance mechanism is primarily caused by mutations of the drug target and/or overexpression of drug efflux pumps. However, knowledge about how drug efflux pumps are transcriptionally regulated is limited. In this study, we found that loss of a C2H2 transcription factor ZfpA (zinc finger protein) results in the marked upregulation of a series of drug efflux pump-encoding genes, especially atrF, which contributes to azole drug resistance in A. fumigatus. CrzA is a previously identified positive transcription factor for genes of drug efflux pumps, and ZfpA transcriptionally inhibits expressions of drug efflux pumps in a CrzA-dependent way. Under the treatment of azoles, both ZfpA and CrzA transfer to nuclei and coregulate the expression of multidrug transporters and then keep normal drug susceptibility in fungal cells. Findings in this study demonstrated that ZfpA is not only involved in fungal growth and virulence potential but also negatively regulates antifungal drug susceptibility. IMPORTANCE Conserved across all kingdoms of life, ABC transporters comprise one of the largest protein families. They are associated with multidrug resistance, affecting aspects such as resistance to antimicrobials or anticancer drugs. Despite the importance of ABC transporters in multidrug resistance, the understanding of their regulatory network is still limited in A. fumigatus. Here, we found that the loss of the transcription factor ZfpA induces the expression of the ABC transporter gene atrF, altering azole susceptibility in A. fumigatus. ZfpA, coordinately with CrzA, affects the azole susceptibility by regulating the expression of the ABC transporter gene atrF. These findings reveal the regulatory mechanism of the ABC transporter gene atrF in A. fumigatus.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yeqi Li
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Microbes and Functional Genomics, Jiangsu Engineering and Technology Research Centre for Microbiology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, China
| | - Mengyao Dai
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Microbes and Functional Genomics, Jiangsu Engineering and Technology Research Centre for Microbiology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, China
| | - Ling Lu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Microbes and Functional Genomics, Jiangsu Engineering and Technology Research Centre for Microbiology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yuanwei Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Microbes and Functional Genomics, Jiangsu Engineering and Technology Research Centre for Microbiology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, China
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Huang Y, Yang R, Luo H, Yuan Y, Diao Z, Li J, Gong S, Yu G, Yao H, Zhang H, Cai Y. Arabidopsis Protein Phosphatase PIA1 Impairs Plant Drought Tolerance by Serving as a Common Negative Regulator in ABA Signaling Pathway. Plants (Basel) 2023; 12:2716. [PMID: 37514328 PMCID: PMC10384177 DOI: 10.3390/plants12142716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2023] [Revised: 06/16/2023] [Accepted: 07/05/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023]
Abstract
Reversible phosphorylation of proteins is a ubiquitous regulatory mechanism in vivo that can respond to external changes, and plays an extremely important role in cell signal transduction. Protein phosphatase 2C is the largest protein phosphatase family in higher plants. Recently, it has been found that some clade A members can negatively regulate ABA signaling pathways. However, the functions of several subgroups of Arabidopsis PP2C other than clade A have not been reported, and whether other members of the PP2C family also participate in the regulation of ABA signaling pathways remains to be studied. In this study, based on the previous screening and identification work of PP2C involved in the ABA pathway, the clade F member PIA1 encoding a gene of the PP2C family, which was down-regulated after ABA treatment during the screening, was selected as the target. Overexpression of PIA1 significantly down-regulated the expression of ABA marker gene RD29A in Arabidopsis protoplasts, and ABA-responsive elements have been found in the cis-regulatory elements of PIA1 by promoter analysis. When compared to Col-0, transgenic plants overexpressing PIA1 were less sensitive to ABA, whereas pia1 showed the opposite trait in seed germination, root growth, and stomatal opening experiments. Under drought stress, SOD, POD, CAT, and APX activities of PIA1 overexpression lines were lower than Col-0 and pia1, while the content of H2O2 was higher, leading to its lowest survival rate in test plants, which were consistent with the significant inhibition of the expression of ABA-dependent stress-responsive genes RD29B, ABI5, ABF3, and ABF4 in the PIA1 transgenic background after ABA treatment. Using yeast two-hybrid and luciferase complementation assays, PIA1 was found to interact with multiple ABA key signaling elements, including 2 RCARs and 6 SnRK2s. Our results indicate that PIA1 may reduce plant drought tolerance by functioning as a common negative regulator involved in ABA signaling pathway.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yan Huang
- College of Life Sciences, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an 625000, China
| | - Rongqian Yang
- College of Life Sciences, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an 625000, China
| | - Huiling Luo
- College of Life Sciences, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an 625000, China
| | - Yuan Yuan
- College of Life Sciences, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an 625000, China
| | - Zhihong Diao
- College of Life Sciences, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an 625000, China
| | - Junhao Li
- College of Life Sciences, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an 625000, China
| | - Shihe Gong
- College of Life Sciences, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an 625000, China
| | - Guozhi Yu
- College of Life Sciences, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an 625000, China
| | - Huipeng Yao
- College of Life Sciences, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an 625000, China
| | - Huaiyu Zhang
- College of Life Sciences, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an 625000, China
| | - Yi Cai
- College of Life Sciences, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an 625000, China
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Huang Y, Li J, Huang T, Bai X, Li Q, Gong Y, Hoy R, He Z, Liu J, Liao J, Yuan M, Ding C, Li X, Cai Y. Homeostasis of Arabidopsis R protein RPS2 is negatively regulated by the RING-type E3 ligase MUSE16. J Exp Bot 2023; 74:2160-2172. [PMID: 36655859 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erad026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2022] [Accepted: 01/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
The homeostasis of resistance (R) proteins in plants must be tightly regulated to ensure precise activation of plant immune responses upon pathogen infection, while avoiding autoimmunity and growth defects when plants are uninfected. It is known that CPR1, an F-box protein in the SCF E3 complex, functions as a negative regulator of plant immunity through targeting the resistance (R) proteins SNC1 and RPS2 for degradation. However, whether these R proteins are also targeted by other E3 ligases is unclear. Here, we isolated Arabidopsis MUSE16, which encodes a RING-type E3 ligase, from a forward genetic screen and suggest that it is a negative regulator of plant immunity. Unlike CPR1, knocking out MUSE16 alone in Arabidopsis is not enough to result in defense-related dwarfism, since only RPS2 out of the tested R proteins accumulated in the muse16 mutants. Thus, our study identifies a novel E3 ligase involved in the degradation of nucleotide-binding and leucine-rich repeat (NLR) R proteins, support the idea that ubiquitin-mediated degradation is a fine-tuned mechanism for regulating the turnover of R proteins in plants, and that the same R protein can be targeted by different E3 ligases for regulation of its homeostasis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yan Huang
- College of Life Sciences, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an, Sichuan, PR China
| | - Junhao Li
- College of Life Sciences, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an, Sichuan, PR China
| | - Tingting Huang
- College of Life Sciences, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an, Sichuan, PR China
| | - Xue Bai
- College of Life Sciences, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an, Sichuan, PR China
| | - Qi Li
- College of Life Sciences, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an, Sichuan, PR China
| | - Yihan Gong
- Michael Smith Laboratories, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Ryan Hoy
- Michael Smith Laboratories, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Department of Botany, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Zhouqing He
- College of Life Sciences, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an, Sichuan, PR China
| | - Jing Liu
- College of Life Sciences, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an, Sichuan, PR China
| | - Jinqiu Liao
- College of Life Sciences, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an, Sichuan, PR China
| | - Ming Yuan
- College of Life Sciences, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an, Sichuan, PR China
| | - Chunbang Ding
- College of Life Sciences, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an, Sichuan, PR China
| | - Xin Li
- Michael Smith Laboratories, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Department of Botany, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Yi Cai
- College of Life Sciences, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an, Sichuan, PR China
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Teng S, Wu T, Gao D, Wu S, Xiao Y, Long Y, Xie Z. Insight into the Global Negative Regulation of Iron Scavenger 7-HT Biosynthesis by the SigW/RsiW System in Pseudomonas donghuensis HYS. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24021184. [PMID: 36674714 PMCID: PMC9861184 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24021184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2022] [Revised: 01/04/2023] [Accepted: 01/05/2023] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
7-Hydroxytropolone (7-HT) is a unique iron scavenger synthesized by Pseudomonas donghuensis HYS that has various biological activities in addition to functioning as a siderophore. P. donghuensis HYS is more pathogenic than P. aeruginosa toward Caenorhabditis elegans, an observation that is closely linked to the biosynthesis of 7-HT. The nonfluorescent siderophore (nfs) gene cluster is responsible for the orderly biosynthesis of 7-HT and represents a competitive advantage that contributes to the increased survival of P. donghuensis HYS; however, the regulatory mechanisms of 7-HT biosynthesis remain unclear. This study is the first to propose that the ECF σ factor has a regulatory effect on 7-HT biosynthesis. In total, 20 ECF σ factors were identified through genome-wide scanning, and their responses to extracellular ferrous ions were characterized. We found that SigW was both significantly upregulated under high-iron conditions and repressed by an adjacent anti-σ factor. RNA-Seq results suggest that the SigW/RsiW system is involved in iron metabolism and 7-HT biosynthesis. Combined with the siderophore phenotype, we also found that SigW could inhibit siderophore synthesis, and this inhibition can be relieved by RsiW. EMSA assays proved that SigW, when highly expressed, can directly bind to the promoter region of five operons of the nfs cluster to inhibit the transcription of the corresponding genes and consequently suppress 7-HT biosynthesis. In addition, SigW not only directly negatively regulates structural genes related to 7-HT synthesis but also inhibits the transcription of regulatory proteins, including of the Gac/Rsm cascade system. Taken together, our results highlight that the biosynthesis of 7-HT is negatively regulated by SigW and that the SigW/RsiW system is involved in mechanisms for the regulation of iron homeostasis in P. donghuensis HYS. As a result of this work, we identified a novel mechanism for the global negative regulation of 7-HT biosynthesis, complementing our understanding of the function of ECF σ factors in Pseudomonas.
Collapse
|
7
|
Liu J, Wu Y, Cui X, Zhang X, Xie M, Liu L, Liu Y, Huang J, Cheng X, Liu S. Genome-wide characterization of ovate family protein gene family associated with number of seeds per silique in Brassica napus. Front Plant Sci 2022; 13:962592. [PMID: 36186010 PMCID: PMC9515500 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.962592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2022] [Accepted: 08/23/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Ovate family proteins (OFPs) were firstly identified in tomato as proteins controlling the pear shape of the fruit. Subsequent studies have successively proved that OFPs are a class of negative regulators of plant development, and are involved in the regulation of complex traits in different plants. However, there has been no report about the functions of OFPs in rapeseed growth to date. Here, we identified the OFPs in rapeseed at the genomic level. As a result, a total of 67 members were obtained. We then analyzed the evolution from Arabidopsis thaliana to Brassica napus, illustrated their phylogenetic and syntenic relationships, and compared the gene structure and conserved domains between different copies. We also analyzed their expression patterns in rapeseed, and found significant differences in the expression of different members and in different tissues. Additionally, we performed a GWAS for the number of seeds per silique (NSPS) in a rapeseed population consisting of 204 natural accessions, and identified a new gene BnOFP13_2 significantly associated with NSPS, which was identified as a novel function of OFPs. Haplotype analysis revealed that the accessions with haplotype 3 had a higher NSPS than other accessions, suggesting that BnOFP13_2 is associated with NSPS. Transcript profiling during the five stages of silique development demonstrated that BnOFP13_2 negatively regulates NSPS. These findings provide evidence for functional diversity of OFP gene family and important implications for oilseed rape breeding.
Collapse
|
8
|
Chung K, Demianski AJ, Harrison GA, Laurie-Berry N, Mitsuda N, Kunkel BN. Jasmonate Hypersensitive 3 negatively regulates both jasmonate and ethylene-mediated responses in Arabidopsis. J Exp Bot 2022; 73:5067-5083. [PMID: 35552406 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erac208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2022] [Accepted: 05/10/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Jasmonate (JA) is an important hormone involved in regulating diverse responses to environmental factors as well as growth and development, and its signalling is influenced by other hormones such as ethylene (ET). However, our understanding of the regulatory relationship between the JA and ET signalling pathways is limited. In this study, we isolated an Arabidopsis JA-hypersensitive mutant, jah3 (jasmonate hypersensitive3)-1. Map-based cloning revealed that the JAH3 gene corresponds to At4g16535. JAH3 encodes a protein of unknown function whose amino acid sequence has similarity to leukocyte receptor cluster-like protein. The mutation in jah3-1 is caused by a single nucleotide change from A to T at position 220 of 759 bp. Using CRISPR-Cas9, we generated a second allele, jah3-2, that encodes a truncated protein. Both of these loss-of-function alleles resulted in hypersensitivity to JA, ET-induced root growth inhibition, and accelerated dark-induced senescence. Double mutant analyses employing coronatine insensitive 1 (coi1) and ethylene insensitive 3 (ein3) mutants (jah3 coi1 and jah3 ein3) demonstrated that the hypersensitive phenotypes of the jah3 mutants are mediated by JA and ET signalling components COI1 and EIN3. Therefore, we propose that JAH3 is a negative regulator of both JA and ET signalling.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- KwiMi Chung
- Bioproduction Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tsukuba, Japan
- Global Zero Emission Research Center, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tsukuba, Japan
- Department of Biology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Agnes J Demianski
- Department of Biology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Gregory A Harrison
- Department of Biology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Neva Laurie-Berry
- Department of Biology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Nobutaka Mitsuda
- Bioproduction Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tsukuba, Japan
- Global Zero Emission Research Center, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Barbara N Kunkel
- Department of Biology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Jiang B, Liu Y, Niu H, He Y, Ma D, Li Y. Mining the Roles of Wheat ( Triticum aestivum) SnRK Genes in Biotic and Abiotic Responses. Front Plant Sci 2022; 13:934226. [PMID: 35845708 PMCID: PMC9280681 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.934226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2022] [Accepted: 06/01/2022] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Sucrose non-fermenting-1-related protein kinases (SnRKs) play vital roles in plant growth and stress responses. However, little is known about the SnRK functions in wheat. In this study, 149 TaSnRKs (wheat SnRKs) were identified and were divided into three subfamilies. A combination of public transcriptome data and real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) analysis revealed the distinct expression patterns of TaSnRKs under various abiotic and biotic stresses. TaSnRK2.4-B, a member of SnRK2s, has different expression patterns under polyethylene glycol (PEG), sodium chloride (NaCl) treatment, and high concentrations of abscisic acid (ABA) application. Yeast two-hybrid assay indicated that TaSnRK2.4-B could interact with the SnRK2-interacting calcium sensor (SCS) in wheat and play a role in the ABA-dependent pathway. Moreover, TaSnRK2.4-B might be a negative regulator in wheat against pathogen infection. The present study provides valuable information for understanding the functions of the TaSnRK family and provides recommendations for future genetic improvement in wheat stress resistance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Baihui Jiang
- Engineering Research Center of Ecology and Agricultural Use of Wetland, Ministry of Education/College of Agriculture, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, China
| | - Yike Liu
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Food Crop Germplasm and Genetic Improvement, Food Crops Institute, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Wheat Disease Biology Research Station for Central China, Wuhan, China
| | - Hongli Niu
- Engineering Research Center of Ecology and Agricultural Use of Wetland, Ministry of Education/College of Agriculture, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, China
| | - Yiqin He
- Engineering Research Center of Ecology and Agricultural Use of Wetland, Ministry of Education/College of Agriculture, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, China
- Longgan Lake National Nature Reserve Authority of Hubei, Huanggang, China
| | - Dongfang Ma
- Engineering Research Center of Ecology and Agricultural Use of Wetland, Ministry of Education/College of Agriculture, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Food Crop Germplasm and Genetic Improvement, Food Crops Institute, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Wheat Disease Biology Research Station for Central China, Wuhan, China
| | - Yan Li
- Engineering Research Center of Ecology and Agricultural Use of Wetland, Ministry of Education/College of Agriculture, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Food Crop Germplasm and Genetic Improvement, Food Crops Institute, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Wheat Disease Biology Research Station for Central China, Wuhan, China
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
He J, Xu Y, Huang D, Fu J, Liu Z, Wang L, Zhang Y, Xu R, Li L, Deng X, Xu Q. TRIPTYCHON-LIKE regulates aspects of both fruit flavor and color in citrus. J Exp Bot 2022; 73:3610-3624. [PMID: 35263759 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erac069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2022] [Accepted: 02/18/2022] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Deciphering the genetic basis of organoleptic traits is critical for improving the quality of fruits, which greatly shapes their appeal to consumers. Here, we characterize the citrus R3-MYB transcription factor TRIPTYCHON-LIKE (CitTRL), which is closely associated with the levels of citric acid, proanthocyanidins (PAs), and anthocyanins. Overexpression of CitTRL lowered acidity levels and PA contents in citrus calli as well as anthocyanin and PA contents in Arabidopsis leaves and seeds. CitTRL interacts with the two basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH) proteins CitbHLH1 and ANTHOCYANIN 1 (CitAN1) to regulate fruit quality. We show that CitTRL competes with the R2R3-MYB CitRuby1 for binding to CitbHLH1 or CitAN1, thereby repressing their activation of anthocyanin structural genes. CitTRL also competes with a second R2R3-MYB, CitPH4, for binding to CitAN1, thus altering the expression of the vacuolar proton-pump gene PH5 and Leucoanthocyanidin reductase, responsible for vacuolar acidification and proanthocyanidins biosynthesis, respectively. Moreover, CitPH4 activates CitTRL transcription, thus forming an activator-repressor loop to prevent the overaccumulation of citric acid and PAs. Overall, this study demonstrates that CitTRL acts as a repressor of the accumulation of citric acid, PAs, and anthocyanins by a cross-regulation mechanism. Our results provide an opportunity to simultaneously manipulate these key traits as a means to produce citrus fruits that are both visually and organoleptically appealing.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jiaxian He
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology (Ministry of Education), Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Yuantao Xu
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology (Ministry of Education), Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Ding Huang
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology (Ministry of Education), Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Jialing Fu
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology (Ministry of Education), Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Ziang Liu
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology (Ministry of Education), Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Lun Wang
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology (Ministry of Education), Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Yin Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology (Ministry of Education), Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Rangwei Xu
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology (Ministry of Education), Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Li Li
- Plant Breeding and Genetics Section, School of Integrative Plant Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
- Robert W. Holley Center for Agriculture and Health, USDA-Agricultural Research Service, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - Xiuxin Deng
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology (Ministry of Education), Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Qiang Xu
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology (Ministry of Education), Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Wuhan 430070, China
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Tong JF, Zhou L, Li S, Lu LF, Li ZC, Li Z, Gan RH, Mou CY, Zhang QY, Wang ZW, Zhang XJ, Wang Y, Gui JF. Two Duplicated Ptpn6 Homeologs Cooperatively and Negatively Regulate RLR-Mediated IFN Response in Hexaploid Gibel Carp. Front Immunol 2021; 12:780667. [PMID: 34899743 PMCID: PMC8662705 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.780667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2021] [Accepted: 11/11/2021] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Src homology region 2 domain-containing phosphatase 1 (SHP1), encoded by the protein tyrosine phosphatase nonreceptor type 6 (ptpn6) gene, belongs to the family of protein tyrosine phosphatases (PTPs) and participates in multiple signaling pathways of immune cells. However, the mechanism of SHP1 in regulating fish immunity is largely unknown. In this study, we first identified two gibel carp (Carassius gibelio) ptpn6 homeologs (Cgptpn6-A and Cgptpn6-B), each of which had three alleles with high identities. Then, relative to Cgptpn6-B, dominant expression in adult tissues and higher upregulated expression of Cgptpn6-A induced by polyinosinic-polycytidylic acid (poly I:C), poly deoxyadenylic-deoxythymidylic (dA:dT) acid and spring viremia of carp virus (SVCV) were uncovered. Finally, we demonstrated that CgSHP1-A (encoded by the Cgptpn6-A gene) and CgSHP1-B (encoded by the Cgptpn6-B gene) act as negative regulators of the RIG-I-like receptor (RLR)-mediated interferon (IFN) response via two mechanisms: the inhibition of CaTBK1-induced phosphorylation of CaMITA shared by CgSHP1-A and CgSHP1-B, and the autophagic degradation of CaMITA exclusively by CgSHP1-A. Meanwhile, the data support that CgSHP1-A and CgSHP1-B have sub-functionalized and that CgSHP1-A overwhelmingly dominates CgSHP1-B in the process of RLR-mediated IFN response. The current study not only sheds light on the regulative mechanism of SHP1 in fish immunity, but also provides a typical case of duplicated gene evolutionary fates.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jin-Feng Tong
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, The Innovative Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China.,College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Li Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, The Innovative Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China.,College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Shun Li
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, The Innovative Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China.,College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Long-Feng Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, The Innovative Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China.,College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Zhuo-Cong Li
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, The Innovative Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China.,College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Zhi Li
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, The Innovative Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China.,Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Rui-Hai Gan
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, The Innovative Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China.,College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Cheng-Yan Mou
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, The Innovative Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China.,College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,Fisheries Institute, Sichuan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chengdu, China
| | - Qi-Ya Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, The Innovative Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China.,College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Zhong-Wei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, The Innovative Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China.,College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiao-Juan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, The Innovative Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Yang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, The Innovative Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China.,College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Jian-Fang Gui
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, The Innovative Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China.,College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Boonmee A, Oliver HF, Chaturongakul S. Listeria monocytogenes 10403S Alternative Sigma-54 Factor σ L Has a Negative Role on Survival Ability Under Bile Exposure. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:713383. [PMID: 34745026 PMCID: PMC8568364 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.713383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2021] [Accepted: 09/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Listeria monocytogenes is a Gram-positive bacterium causing listeriosis in animals and humans. To initiate a foodborne infection, L. monocytogenes has to pass through the host gastrointestinal tract (GIT). In this study, we evaluated survival abilities of L. monocytogenes 10403S wild type (WT) and its isogenic mutants in alternative sigma (σ) factor genes (i.e., sigB, sigC, sigH, and sigL) under simulated gastric, duodenal, and bile fluids. Within 10min of exposures, only bile fluid was able to significantly reduce survival ability of L. monocytogenes WT by 2 logs CFU/ml. Loss of sigL showed the greatest bile resistance among 16 strains tested, p<0.0001, (i.e., WT, four single alternative σ factor mutants, six double mutants, four triple mutants, and one quadruple mutant). To further investigate the role of σL in bile response, RNA-seq was conducted to compare the transcriptional profiles among L. monocytogenes 10403S ΔBCH triple mutant (lacking sigB, sigC, and sigH genes; expressing housekeeping σA and σL) and ΔBCHL quadruple mutant (lacking all alternative sigma factor genes; expressing only σA) strains under BHI and 1% bile conditions. A total of 216 and 176 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified in BHI and bile, respectively. We confirmed that mpt operon was shown to be strongly activated by σL. Interestingly, more than 80% of DEGs were found to be negatively regulated in the presence of σL. This includes PrfA regulon and its mediated genes (i.e., hly, hpt, inlB, clpP, clpE, groL, and inlC) which were downregulated in response to bile in the presence of σL. This result suggests the potential negative role of σL on bile survival, and the roles of σL and σB might be in a seesaw model prior to host cell invasion.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Atsadang Boonmee
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Haley F Oliver
- Department of Food Science, College of Agriculture, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, United States
| | - Soraya Chaturongakul
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand.,Systems Biology of Diseases Research Unit, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Abstract
Plant flowering is crucial for the onset and progression of reproduction processes. The control of flowering time is a sophisticated system with multiple known regulatory mechanisms in plants. Here, we show that MYB117 participates in the flowering time regulation in Arabidopsis as myb117 mutants exhibited early flowering phenotypes under long-day condition. Transcriptome analysis of myb117 mutants revealed 410 differentially expressed genes between wild type and myb117-1 mutants, where selective genes including the Flowering Locus T (FT) were further confirmed by qRT-PCR analysis. Further, in vivo dual-luciferase and chromatin immunoprecipitation quantitative PCR (ChIP-qPCR) assays showed that MYB117 directly binds to the promoter of FT to suppress its expression. Taken together, we have revealed the transcriptome profile of myb117 mutants and identified MYB117 as a negative regulator in controlling flowering time through regulating the expression of FT in Arabidopsis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Liu Hong
- Centre for Cell & Developmental Biology, State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, School of Life Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong, China
| | - Fangfang Niu
- Centre for Cell & Developmental Biology, State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, School of Life Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong, China
- CONTACT Fangfang Niu
| | - Youshun Lin
- Centre for Cell & Developmental Biology, State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, School of Life Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong, China
| | - Shuang Wang
- Centre for Cell & Developmental Biology, State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, School of Life Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong, China
- College of Health Science and Environmental Engineering, Shenzhen Technology University, Shenzhen, 518000, China
| | - Liyuan Chen
- Centre for Cell & Developmental Biology, State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, School of Life Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong, China
- School of Chemical Biology & Biotechnology, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen, Nanshan District, 518055, China
- Liyuan Chen Centre for Cell & Developmental Biology, State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, School of Life Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong, China
| | - Liwen Jiang
- Centre for Cell & Developmental Biology, State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, School of Life Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong, China
- Institute of Plant Molecular Biology and Agricultural Biotechnology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong, China
- Shenzhen Research Institute, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, 518057, China
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Liang B, Sun Y, Wang J, Zheng Y, Zhang W, Xu Y, Li Q, Leng P. Tomato protein phosphatase 2C influences the onset of fruit ripening and fruit glossiness. J Exp Bot 2021; 72:2403-2418. [PMID: 33345282 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/eraa593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2020] [Accepted: 12/16/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Abscisic acid (ABA) plays a vital role in coordinating physiological processes during fresh fruit ripening. Binding of ABA to receptors facilitates the interaction and inhibition of type 2C phosphatase (PP2C) co-receptors. However, the exact mechanism of PP2C during fruit ripening is unclear. In this study, we determined the role of the tomato ABA co-receptor type 2C phosphatase SlPP2C3, a negative regulator of ABA signaling and fruit ripening. SlPP2C3 selectively interacted with monomeric ABA receptors and SlSnRK2.8 kinase in both yeast and tobacco epidermal cells. Expression of SlPP2C3 was ABA-inducible, which was negatively correlated with fruit ripening. Tomato plants with suppressed SlPP2C3 expression exhibited enhanced sensitivity to ABA, while plants overexpressing SlPP2C3 were less sensitive to ABA. Importantly, lack of SlPP2C3 expression accelerated the onset of fruit ripening and affected fruit glossiness by altering the outer epidermis structure. There was a significant difference in the expression of cuticle-related genes in the pericarp between wild-type and SlPP2C3-suppressed lines based on RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) analysis. Taken together, our findings demonstrate that SlPP2C3 plays an important role in the regulation of fruit ripening and fruit glossiness in tomato.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bin Liang
- College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing, PR China
| | - Yufei Sun
- College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing, PR China
- The Robert H. Smith Institute of Plant Sciences and Genetics in Agriculture, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Juan Wang
- College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing, PR China
| | - Yu Zheng
- College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing, PR China
| | - Wenbo Zhang
- College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing, PR China
| | - Yandan Xu
- College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing, PR China
| | - Qian Li
- College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing, PR China
| | - Ping Leng
- College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing, PR China
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Liang S, Takahashi H, Hirose T, Kuramitsu Y, Hatakeyama S, Yoshiyama H, Wang R, Hamada JI, Iizasa H. NONO Is a Negative Regulator of SOX2 Promoter. Cancer Genomics Proteomics 2021; 17:359-367. [PMID: 32576581 DOI: 10.21873/cgp.20195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2020] [Revised: 04/28/2020] [Accepted: 04/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIM Sex determining region Y (SRY)-box 2 (SOX2) is a transcription factor essential for the maintenance of proliferation and self-renewal of cancer stem cells and is associated with breast cancer initiation. Regulation of cancer stem cell plasticity by SOX2 requires both positive and negative SOX2 transcription factors, but the negative regulator is still largely unknown. MATERIALS AND METHODS SOX2 promoter-binding proteins were identified by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry/mass spectrometry, luciferase assay, and chromatin immunoprecipitation. The effects of one such transcription factor on SOX2 expression was investigated by knockdown and overexpression experiments. RESULTS Non-POU domain-containing octamer-binding protein (NONO) (also known as 54-kDa nuclear RNA-binding protein, P54NRB) was identified as a SOX2 promoter-binding protein and a negative regulator of SOX2 expression. Its activity was controlled by its coiled-coil domain and the C-terminal domain. CONCLUSION These results suggest that NONO acts as a key regulator of SOX2 transcription through the repression of SOX2 promoter activity in breast cancer cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shanshan Liang
- The Key Laboratory of Biomarker High-throughput Screening and Target Translation of Breast and Gastrointestinal Tumor, Oncology Department, Affiliated Zhongshan Hospital of Dalian University, Dalian, P.R. China.,Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Shimane University, Shimane, Japan.,Division of Stem Cell Biology, Institute for Genetic Medicine, Hokkaido University, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Hidehisa Takahashi
- Department of Biochemistry, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan.,Department of Molecular Biology, Yokohama City University School of Medicine, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medical Science, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Tetsuro Hirose
- Division of RNA Bio-function, Institute for Genetic Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Kuramitsu
- Health Science University of Hokkaido School of Nursing & Social Services, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Shigetsugu Hatakeyama
- Department of Biochemistry, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Hironori Yoshiyama
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Shimane University, Shimane, Japan
| | - Ruoyu Wang
- The Key Laboratory of Biomarker High-throughput Screening and Target Translation of Breast and Gastrointestinal Tumor, Oncology Department, Affiliated Zhongshan Hospital of Dalian University, Dalian, P.R. China
| | - Jun-Ichi Hamada
- Division of Stem Cell Biology, Institute for Genetic Medicine, Hokkaido University, Hokkaido, Japan .,Health Science University of Hokkaido School of Nursing & Social Services, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Hisashi Iizasa
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Shimane University, Shimane, Japan .,Division of Stem Cell Biology, Institute for Genetic Medicine, Hokkaido University, Hokkaido, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Tiwari LD, Khungar L, Grover A. AtHsc70-1 negatively regulates the basal heat tolerance in Arabidopsis thaliana through affecting the activity of HsfAs and Hsp101. Plant J 2020; 103:2069-2083. [PMID: 32573848 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.14883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2019] [Revised: 05/18/2020] [Accepted: 06/05/2020] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Heat shock protein 70 (Hsp70) chaperones are highly conserved and essential proteins with diverse cellular functions, including plant abiotic stress tolerance. Hsp70 proteins have been linked with basal heat tolerance in plants. Hsp101 likewise is an important chaperone protein that plays a critical role in heat tolerance in plants. We observed that Arabidopsis hsc70-1 mutant seedlings show elevated basal heat tolerance compared with wild-type. Over-expression of Hsc70-1 resulted in increased heat sensitivity. Hsp101 transcript and protein levels were increased during non-heat stress (HS) and post-HS conditions in hsc70-1 mutant seedlings. In contrast, Hsp101 was repressed in Hsc70-1 over-expressing plants after post-HS conditions. Hsc70-1 showed physical interaction with HsfA1d and HsfA1e protein in the cytosol under non-HS conditions. In transient reporter gene analysis, HsfA1d, HsfA1e and HsfA2 showed transcriptional response on the Hsp101 promoter. HsfA1d and HsfA2 transcripts were at higher levels in hsc70-1 mutant compared with wild-type. We provide genetic evidence that Hsc70-1 is a negative regulator affecting HsfA1d/A1e/A2 activators, which in turn regulate Hsp101 expression and basal thermotolerance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lalit D Tiwari
- Department of Plant Molecular Biology, University of Delhi South Campus, New Delhi,, 110021, India
| | - Lisha Khungar
- Department of Plant Molecular Biology, University of Delhi South Campus, New Delhi,, 110021, India
| | - Anil Grover
- Department of Plant Molecular Biology, University of Delhi South Campus, New Delhi,, 110021, India
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Wang ZX, Liu SB, Guan H, Lu LF, Tu JG, Ouyang S, Zhang YA. Structural and Functional Characterization of the Phosphoprotein Central Domain of Spring Viremia of Carp Virus. J Virol 2020; 94:e00855-20. [PMID: 32434890 DOI: 10.1128/JVI.00855-20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2020] [Accepted: 05/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Spring viremia of carp virus (SVCV) is a highly pathogenic Vesiculovirus in the common carp. The phosphoprotein (P protein) of SVCV is a multifunctional protein that acts as a polymerase cofactor and an antagonist of cellular interferon (IFN) response. Here, we report the 1.5-Å-resolution crystal structure of the P protein central domain (PCD) of SVCV (SVCVPCD). The PCD monomer consists of two β sheets, an α helix, and another two β sheets. Two PCD monomers pack together through their hydrophobic surfaces to form a dimer. The mutations of residues on the hydrophobic surfaces of PCD disrupt the dimer formation to different degrees and affect the expression of host IFN consistently. Therefore, the oligomeric state formation of the P protein of SVCV is an important mechanism to negatively regulate host IFN response.IMPORTANCE SVCV can cause spring viremia of carp with up to 90% lethality, and it is the homologous virus of the notorious vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV). There are currently no drugs that effectively cure this disease. P proteins of negative-strand RNA viruses (NSVs) play an essential role in many steps during the replication cycle and an additional role in immunosuppression as a cofactor. All P proteins of NSVs are oligomeric, but the studies on the role of this oligomerization mainly focus on the process of virus transcription or replication, and there are few studies on the role of PCD in immunosuppression. Here, we present the crystal structure of SVCVPCD A new mechanism of immune evasion is clarified by exploring the relationship between SVCVPCD and host IFN response from a structural biology point of view. These findings may provide more accurate target sites for drug design against SVCV and provide new insights into the function of NSVPCD.
Collapse
|
18
|
Li S, Zhang Y, Xin X, Ding C, Lv F, Mo W, Xia Y, Wang S, Cai J, Sun L, Du M, Dong C, Gao X, Dai X, Zhang J, Sun J. The Osmotin-Like Protein Gene PdOLP1 Is Involved in Secondary Cell Wall Biosynthesis during Wood Formation in Poplar. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E3993. [PMID: 32498411 PMCID: PMC7312728 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21113993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2019] [Revised: 05/13/2020] [Accepted: 05/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Osmotin-like proteins (OLPs) mediate defenses against abiotic and biotic stresses and fungal pathogens in plants. However, no OLPs have been functionally elucidated in poplar. Here, we report an osmotin-like protein designated PdOLP1 from Populus deltoides (Marsh.). Expression analysis showed that PdOLP1 transcripts were mainly present in immature xylem and immature phloem during vascular tissue development in P. deltoides. We conducted phenotypic, anatomical, and molecular analyses of PdOLP1-overexpressing lines and the PdOLP1-downregulated hybrid poplar 84K (Populus alba × Populus glandulosa) (Hybrid poplar 84K PagOLP1, PagOLP2, PagOLP3 and PagOLP4 are highly homologous to PdOLP1, and are downregulated in PdOLP1-downregulated hybrid poplar 84K). The overexpression of PdOLP1 led to a reduction in the radial width and cell layer number in the xylem and phloem zones, in expression of genes involved in lignin biosynthesis, and in the fibers and vessels of xylem cell walls in the overexpressing lines. Additionally, the xylem vessels and fibers of PdOLP1-downregulated poplar exhibited increased secondary cell wall thickness. Elevated expression of secondary wall biosynthetic genes was accompanied by increases in lignin content, dry weight biomass, and carbon storage in PdOLP1-downregulated lines. A PdOLP1 coexpression network was constructed and showed that PdOLP1 was coexpressed with a large number of genes involved in secondary cell wall biosynthesis and wood development in poplar. Moreover, based on transcriptional activation assays, PtobZIP5 and PtobHLH7 activated the PdOLP1 promoter, whereas PtoBLH8 and PtoWRKY40 repressed it. A yeast one-hybrid (Y1H) assay confirmed interaction of PtoBLH8, PtoMYB3, and PtoWRKY40 with the PdOLP1 promoter in vivo. Together, our results suggest that PdOLP1 is a negative regulator of secondary wall biosynthesis and may be valuable for manipulating secondary cell wall deposition to improve carbon fixation efficiency in tree species.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shaofeng Li
- Experimental Center of Forestry in North China, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing 100023, China; (S.L.); (Y.Z.); (X.X.); (F.L.); (W.M.); (Y.X.); (S.W.); (J.C.); (L.S.); (M.D.); (C.D.); (X.G.); (X.D.)
| | - Yaoxiang Zhang
- Experimental Center of Forestry in North China, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing 100023, China; (S.L.); (Y.Z.); (X.X.); (F.L.); (W.M.); (Y.X.); (S.W.); (J.C.); (L.S.); (M.D.); (C.D.); (X.G.); (X.D.)
| | - Xuebing Xin
- Experimental Center of Forestry in North China, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing 100023, China; (S.L.); (Y.Z.); (X.X.); (F.L.); (W.M.); (Y.X.); (S.W.); (J.C.); (L.S.); (M.D.); (C.D.); (X.G.); (X.D.)
| | - Changjun Ding
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Research Institute of Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Key Laboratory of Tree Breeding and Cultivation, State Forestry Administration, Beijing 100091, China;
| | - Fuling Lv
- Experimental Center of Forestry in North China, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing 100023, China; (S.L.); (Y.Z.); (X.X.); (F.L.); (W.M.); (Y.X.); (S.W.); (J.C.); (L.S.); (M.D.); (C.D.); (X.G.); (X.D.)
| | - Wenjuan Mo
- Experimental Center of Forestry in North China, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing 100023, China; (S.L.); (Y.Z.); (X.X.); (F.L.); (W.M.); (Y.X.); (S.W.); (J.C.); (L.S.); (M.D.); (C.D.); (X.G.); (X.D.)
| | - Yongxiu Xia
- Experimental Center of Forestry in North China, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing 100023, China; (S.L.); (Y.Z.); (X.X.); (F.L.); (W.M.); (Y.X.); (S.W.); (J.C.); (L.S.); (M.D.); (C.D.); (X.G.); (X.D.)
| | - Shaoli Wang
- Experimental Center of Forestry in North China, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing 100023, China; (S.L.); (Y.Z.); (X.X.); (F.L.); (W.M.); (Y.X.); (S.W.); (J.C.); (L.S.); (M.D.); (C.D.); (X.G.); (X.D.)
| | - Jingyan Cai
- Experimental Center of Forestry in North China, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing 100023, China; (S.L.); (Y.Z.); (X.X.); (F.L.); (W.M.); (Y.X.); (S.W.); (J.C.); (L.S.); (M.D.); (C.D.); (X.G.); (X.D.)
| | - Lifang Sun
- Experimental Center of Forestry in North China, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing 100023, China; (S.L.); (Y.Z.); (X.X.); (F.L.); (W.M.); (Y.X.); (S.W.); (J.C.); (L.S.); (M.D.); (C.D.); (X.G.); (X.D.)
| | - Manyi Du
- Experimental Center of Forestry in North China, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing 100023, China; (S.L.); (Y.Z.); (X.X.); (F.L.); (W.M.); (Y.X.); (S.W.); (J.C.); (L.S.); (M.D.); (C.D.); (X.G.); (X.D.)
| | - Chenxi Dong
- Experimental Center of Forestry in North China, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing 100023, China; (S.L.); (Y.Z.); (X.X.); (F.L.); (W.M.); (Y.X.); (S.W.); (J.C.); (L.S.); (M.D.); (C.D.); (X.G.); (X.D.)
| | - Xu Gao
- Experimental Center of Forestry in North China, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing 100023, China; (S.L.); (Y.Z.); (X.X.); (F.L.); (W.M.); (Y.X.); (S.W.); (J.C.); (L.S.); (M.D.); (C.D.); (X.G.); (X.D.)
| | - Xinlu Dai
- Experimental Center of Forestry in North China, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing 100023, China; (S.L.); (Y.Z.); (X.X.); (F.L.); (W.M.); (Y.X.); (S.W.); (J.C.); (L.S.); (M.D.); (C.D.); (X.G.); (X.D.)
| | - Jianhui Zhang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Science, Biomanufacturing Research Institute and Technology Enterprise, North Carolina Central University, Durham, NC 27707, USA
| | - Jinshuang Sun
- Experimental Center of Forestry in North China, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing 100023, China; (S.L.); (Y.Z.); (X.X.); (F.L.); (W.M.); (Y.X.); (S.W.); (J.C.); (L.S.); (M.D.); (C.D.); (X.G.); (X.D.)
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Wang XD, Zhao CS, Wang QL, Zeng Q, Feng XZ, Li L, Chen ZL, Gong Y, Han J, Li Y. The p38-interacting protein p38IP suppresses TCR and LPS signaling by targeting TAK1. EMBO Rep 2020; 21:e48035. [PMID: 32410369 DOI: 10.15252/embr.201948035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2019] [Revised: 04/02/2020] [Accepted: 04/16/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Negative regulation of immunoreceptor signaling is required for preventing hyperimmune activation and maintaining immune homeostasis. The roles of p38IP in immunoreceptor signaling remain unclear. Here, we show that p38IP suppresses T-cell receptor (TCR)/LPS-activated NF-κB and p38 by targeting TAK1 kinase and that p38IP protein levels are downregulated in human PBMCs from rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients, inversely correlating with the enhanced activity of NF-κB and p38. Mechanistically, p38IP interacts with TAK1 to disassemble the TAK1-TAB (TAK1-binding protein) complex. p38IP overexpression decreases TCR-induced binding of K63-linked polyubiquitin (polyUb) chains to TAK1 but increases that to TAB2, and p38IP knockdown shows the opposite effects, indicating unanchored K63-linked polyUb chain transfer from TAB2 to TAK1. p38IP dynamically interacts with TAK1 upon stimulation, because of the polyUb chain transfer and the higher binding affinity of TAK1 and p38IP for polyUb-bound TAB2 and TAK1, respectively. Moreover, p38IP scaffolds the deubiquitinase USP4 to deubiquitinate TAK1 once TAK1 is activated. These findings reveal a novel role and the mechanisms of p38IP in controlling TCR/LPS signaling and suggest that p38IP might participate in RA pathogenesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xu-Dong Wang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Gene Function and Regulation, State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chen-Si Zhao
- MOE Key Laboratory of Gene Function and Regulation, State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qi-Long Wang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Gene Function and Regulation, State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qi Zeng
- MOE Key Laboratory of Gene Function and Regulation, State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xing-Zhi Feng
- MOE Key Laboratory of Gene Function and Regulation, State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lianbo Li
- Departments of Biochemistry and Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Zhi-Long Chen
- MOE Key Laboratory of Gene Function and Regulation, State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yu Gong
- MOE Key Laboratory of Gene Function and Regulation, State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jiahuai Han
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Yingqiu Li
- MOE Key Laboratory of Gene Function and Regulation, State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Luo W, Gong Z, Li N, Zhao Y, Zhang H, Yang X, Liu Y, Rao Z, Yu X. A Negative Regulator of Carotenogenesis in Blakeslea trispora. Appl Environ Microbiol 2020; 86:e02462-19. [PMID: 31953331 DOI: 10.1128/AEM.02462-19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2019] [Accepted: 01/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
As an ideal carotenoid producer, Blakeslea trispora has gained much attention due to its large biomass and high production of β-carotene and lycopene. However, carotenogenesis regulation in B. trispora still needs to be clarified, as few investigations have been conducted at the molecular level in B. trispora In this study, a gene homologous to carotenogenesis regulatory gene (crgA) was cloned from the mating type (-) of B. trispora, and the deduced CrgA protein was analyzed for its primary structure and domains. To clarify the crgA-mediated regulation in B. trispora, we used the strategies of gene knockout and complementation to investigate the effect of crgA expression on the phenotype of B. trispora In contrast to the wild-type strain, the crgA null mutant (ΔcrgA) was defective in sporulation but accumulated much more β-carotene (31.2% improvement at the end) accompanied by enhanced transcription of three structural genes (hmgR, carB, and carRA) for carotenoids throughout the culture time. When the wild-type copy of crgA was complemented into the crgA null mutant, sporulation, transcription of structural genes, and carotenoid production were restored to those of the wild-type strain. A gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS)-based metabolomic approach and multivariate statistical analyses were performed to investigate the intracellular metabolite profiles. The reduced levels of tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle components and some amino acids and enhanced levels of glycolysis intermediates and fatty acids indicate that more metabolic flux was driven into the mevalonate (MVA) pathway; thus, the increase of precursors and fat content contributes to the accumulation of carotenoids.IMPORTANCE The zygomycete Blakeslea trispora is an important strain for the production of carotenoids on a large scale. However, the regulation mechanism of carotenoid biosynthesis is still not well understood in this filamentous fungus. In the present study, we sought to investigate how crgA influences the expression of structural genes for carotenoids, carotenoid biosynthesis, and other anabolic phenotypes. This will lead to a better understanding of the global regulation mechanism of carotenoid biosynthesis and facilitate engineering this strain in the future for enhanced production of carotenoids.
Collapse
|
21
|
Li W, Zhao D, Dong J, Kong X, Zhang Q, Li T, Meng Y, Shan W. AtRTP5 negatively regulates plant resistance to Phytophthora pathogens by modulating the biosynthesis of endogenous jasmonic acid and salicylic acid. Mol Plant Pathol 2020; 21:95-108. [PMID: 31701600 PMCID: PMC6913198 DOI: 10.1111/mpp.12883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Plants have evolved powerful immune systems to recognize pathogens and avoid invasions, but the genetic basis of plant susceptibility is less well-studied, especially to oomycetes, which cause disastrous diseases in many ornamental plants and food crops. In this research, we identified a negative regulator of plant immunity to the oomycete Phytophthora parasitica, AtRTP5 (Arabidopsis thaliana Resistant to Phytophthora 5), which encodes a WD40 repeat domain-containing protein. The AtRTP5 protein, which was tagged with green fluorescent protein (GFP), is localized in the nucleus and plasma membrane. Both the A. thaliana T-DNA insertion rtp5 mutants and the Nicotiana benthamiana RTP5 (NbRTP5) silencing plants showed enhanced resistance to P. parasitica, while overexpression of AtRTP5 rendered plants more susceptible. The transcriptomic analysis showed that mutation of AtRTP5 suppressed the biosynthesis of endogenous jasmonic acid (JA) and JA-dependent responses. In contrast, salicylic acid (SA) biosynthesis and SA-dependent responses were activated in the T-DNA insertion mutant rtp5-3. These results show that AtRTP5 acts as a conserved negative regulator of plant immunity to Phytophthora pathogens by interfering with JA and SA signalling pathways.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Weiwei Li
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas and College of Plant ProtectionNorthwest A&F UniversityYanglingShaanxi712100China
| | - Dan Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas and College of AgronomyNorthwest A&F UniversityYanglingShaanxi712100China
| | - Jingwen Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas and College of AgronomyNorthwest A&F UniversityYanglingShaanxi712100China
| | - Xianglan Kong
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas and College of AgronomyNorthwest A&F UniversityYanglingShaanxi712100China
| | - Qiang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas and College of Plant ProtectionNorthwest A&F UniversityYanglingShaanxi712100China
| | - Tingting Li
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas and College of AgronomyNorthwest A&F UniversityYanglingShaanxi712100China
| | - Yuling Meng
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas and College of AgronomyNorthwest A&F UniversityYanglingShaanxi712100China
| | - Weixing Shan
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas and College of AgronomyNorthwest A&F UniversityYanglingShaanxi712100China
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Lin H, Zhou C, Hou Y, Li Q, Qiao G, Wang Y, Huang Z, Niu J. Paracrine Fibroblast Growth Factor 1 Functions as Potent Therapeutic Agent for Intrahepatic Cholestasis by Downregulating Synthesis of Bile Acid. Front Pharmacol 2019; 10:1515. [PMID: 31920680 PMCID: PMC6933012 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2019.01515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2019] [Accepted: 11/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Endocrine fibroblast growth factor (FGF) 19 has been shown to be capable of maintaining bile acid (BA) homeostasis and thus hold promise to be a potential therapeutic agent for cholestasis liver disease. However, whether paracrine FGFs possess this BA regulatory activity remains to be determined. In our study, we identified that paracrine fibroblast growth factor 1 (FGF1) was selectively downregulated in the liver of alpha naphthylisothiocyanate (ANIT)-induced intrahepatic cholestasis mice, suggesting a pathological relevance of this paracrine FGF with abnormal BA metabolism. Therefore, we evaluated the effects of engineered FGF1 mutant - FGF1ΔHBS on the metabolism of hepatic BA and found that this protein showed a more potent inhibitory effect of BA biosynthesis than FGF19 without any hepatic mitogenic activity. Moreover, the chronic administration of FGF1ΔHBS protected liver against ANIT-induced injury by reducing hepatic BA accumulation. Taken together, these data suggest that FGF1ΔHBS may function as a potent therapeutic agent for intrahepatic cholestasis liver disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Huan Lin
- School of Pharmacy, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China.,Engineering Laboratory of Zhejiang Province for Pharmaceutical Development of Growth Factors, Biomedical Collaborative Innovation Center of Wenzhou, Wenzhou, China
| | - Chuanren Zhou
- School of Pharmacy, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Yushu Hou
- School of Pharmacy, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Qi Li
- School of Pharmacy, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Guanting Qiao
- School of Pharmacy, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Yang Wang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Zhifeng Huang
- School of Pharmacy, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Jianlou Niu
- School of Pharmacy, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Deng Y, Luo KL, Shaye DD, Greenwald I. A Screen of the Conserved Kinome for Negative Regulators of LIN-12 Negative Regulatory Region ("NRR")-Missense Activity in Caenorhabditis elegans. G3 (Bethesda) 2019; 9:3567-74. [PMID: 31519743 DOI: 10.1534/g3.119.400471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Genetic analysis of LIN-12/Notch signaling in C. elegans has provided many insights into human biology. Activating missense mutations in the Negative Regulatory Region (NRR) of the ectodomain of LIN-12/Notch were first described in C. elegans, and similar mutations in human Notch were later found to cause T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (T-ALL). The ubiquitin ligase sel-10/Fbw7 is the prototype of a conserved negative regulator of lin-12/Notch that was first defined by loss-of-function mutations that enhance lin-12 NRR-missense activity in C. elegans, and then demonstrated to regulate Notch activity in mammalian cells and to be a bona fide tumor suppressor in T-ALL. Here, we report the results of an RNAi screen of 248 C. elegans protein kinase-encoding genes with human orthologs for enhancement of a weakly activating NRR-missense mutation of lin-12 in the Vulval Precursor Cells. We identified, and validated, thirteen kinase genes whose loss led to increase lin-12 activity; eleven of these genes have never been implicated previously in regulating Notch activity in any system. Depleting the activity of five kinase genes (cdk-8, wnk-1, kin-3, hpo-11, and mig-15) also significantly enhanced the activity of a transgene in which heterologous sequences drive expression of the untethered intracellular domain of LIN-12, suggesting that they increase the activity or stability of the signal-transducing form of LIN-12/Notch. Precedents set by other regulators of lin-12/Notch defined through genetic interactions in C. elegans suggest that this new set of genes may include negative regulators that are functionally relevant to mammalian development and cancer.
Collapse
|
24
|
Chen C, Hui Y, Chen Y, Qian C, Sun M. Loss of c-Cbl expression correlates with de-differentiation status and lymphatic metastasis in gastric cancer. INDIAN J PATHOL MICR 2019; 62:549-555. [PMID: 31611438 DOI: 10.4103/ijpm.ijpm_824_18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Context C-Cbl is an important negative regulator of the cell signaling that acts as an adaptor protein and E3 ubiquitin ligase. The role of c-Cbl in development and regulation of human cancer has aroused intensive attention. Aims In this study, we aimed to assess the correlation between the expression of c-Cbl and clinicopathological parameters and explored the role of c-Cbl in the development and progression of GC. Settings and Design This is a Pilot study. Methods and Materials In total, 84 tissue samples including 44 gastric cancers (GC) and 40 matched adjacent normal tissues were collected after surgery. Then tissue microarray (TMA) and immunohistochemistry (IHC) technology were combined to detect the protein expression of c-Cbl. Statistical Analysis Used Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS 22.0 (IBM Corporation, Armonk, NY, USA). Results We have studied the correlation between c-Cbl expression and clinicopathological parameters. Our study showed that c-Cbl has a low expression in 61.4% (27/44) of GC tissues, and the incidence of cases was significantly higher than that in adjacent normal tissues (P < 0.0001). In addition, the correlation between c-Cbl expression and gastric carcinoma subtype (P = 0.027), histological type (P = 0.033), Borrmann classification (P = 0.009), histological differentiation (P = 0.0005), lymph node metastasis (P = 0.007), and intravascular tumor thrombus (P = 0.036) has also been revealed. Conclusions Our results show that c-Cbl is down-regulated in GC tissues compared with normal gastric tissue, which may play an important role in the development and progression of GC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chuchu Chen
- School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui; Jiangsu Key Lab of Medical Optics, Suzhou Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou, China
| | - Yi Hui
- Department of Pathology, The People's Hospital of Suzhou National Hi-Tech District, Suzhou, China
| | - Yunzhao Chen
- Department of Pathology, The People's Hospital of Suzhou National Hi-Tech District, Suzhou, China
| | - Chengjia Qian
- Department of General Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Minxuan Sun
- Jiangsu Key Lab of Medical Optics, Suzhou Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Lu LF, Zhou XY, Zhang C, Li ZC, Chen DD, Liu SB, Li S. Zebrafish RPZ5 Degrades Phosphorylated IRF7 To Repress Interferon Production. J Virol 2019; 93:e01272-19. [PMID: 31413136 DOI: 10.1128/JVI.01272-19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2019] [Accepted: 08/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Interferon (IFN) production activated by phosphorylated interferon regulatory factor 7 (IRF7) is a pivotal process during host antiviral infection. For viruses, suppressing the host IFN response is beneficial for viral proliferation; in such cases, evoking host-derived IFN negative regulators would be very useful for viruses. Here, we report that the zebrafish rapunzel 5 (RPZ5) protein which activated by virus degraded phosphorylated IRF7 is activated by TANK-binding kinase 1 (TBK1), leading to a reduction in IFN production. Upon viral infection, zebrafish rpz5 was significantly upregulated, as was ifn, in response to the stimulation. Overexpression of RPZ5 blunted the IFN expression induced by both viral and retinoic acid-inducible gene I (RIG-I) like-receptor (RLR) factors. Subsequently, RPZ5 interacted with RLRs but did not affect the stabilization of the proteins in the normal state. Interestingly, RPZ5 degraded the phosphorylated IRF7 under TBK1 activation through K48-linked ubiquitination. Finally, the overexpression of RPZ5 remarkably reduced the host cell antiviral capacity. These findings suggest that zebrafish RPZ5 is a negative regulator of phosphorylated IRF7 and attenuates IFN expression during viral infection, providing insight into the IFN balance mechanism in fish.IMPORTANCE The phosphorylation of IRF7 is helpful for host IFN production to defend against viral infection; thus, it is a potential target for viruses to mitigate the antiviral response. We report that the fish RPZ5 is an IFN negative regulator induced by fish viruses and degrades the phosphorylated IRF7 activated by TBK1, leading to IFN suppression and promotion of viral proliferation. These findings reveal a novel mechanism for interactions between the host cell and viruses in the lower vertebrate.
Collapse
|
26
|
Park SH, Ham S, Lee A, Möller A, Kim TS. NLRP3 negatively regulates Treg differentiation through Kpna2-mediated nuclear translocation. J Biol Chem 2019; 294:17951-17961. [PMID: 31597697 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra119.010545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2019] [Revised: 09/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Naïve CD4+ T cells in the periphery differentiate into regulatory T cells (Tregs) in which Foxp3 is expressed for their suppressive function. NLRP3, a pro-inflammatory molecule, is known to be involved in inflammasome activation associated with several diseases. Recently, the expression of NLRP3 in CD4+ T cells, as well as in myeloid cells, has been described; however, a role of T cell-intrinsic NLRP3 in Treg differentiation remains unknown. Here, we report that NLRP3 impeded the expression of Foxp3 independent of inflammasome activation in Tregs. NLRP3-deficient mice elevate Treg generation in various organs in the de novo pathway. NLRP3 deficiency increased the amount and suppressive activity of Treg populations, whereas NLRP3 overexpression reduced Foxp3 expression and Treg abundance. Importantly, NLRP3 interacted with Kpna2 and translocated to the nucleus from the cytoplasm under Treg-polarizing conditions. Taken together, our results identify a novel role for NLRP3 as a new negative regulator of Treg differentiation, mediated via its interaction with Kpna2 for nuclear translocation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Su-Ho Park
- Division of Life Science, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Korea University, 145 Anam-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Sunyoung Ham
- Tumour Microenvironment Laboratory, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD 4006, Australia.,Faculty of Health, School of Biomedical Sciences, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Arim Lee
- Division of Life Science, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Korea University, 145 Anam-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Andreas Möller
- Tumour Microenvironment Laboratory, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD 4006, Australia.,Faculty of Health, School of Biomedical Sciences, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Tae Sung Kim
- Division of Life Science, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Korea University, 145 Anam-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Guram K, Kim SS, Wu V, Sanders PD, Patel S, Schoenberger SP, Cohen EEW, Chen SY, Sharabi AB. A Threshold Model for T-Cell Activation in the Era of Checkpoint Blockade Immunotherapy. Front Immunol 2019; 10:491. [PMID: 30936880 PMCID: PMC6431643 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.00491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2018] [Accepted: 02/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Continued discoveries of negative regulators of inflammatory signaling provide detailed molecular insights into peripheral tolerance and anti-tumor immunity. Accumulating evidence indicates that peripheral tolerance is maintained at multiple levels of immune responses by negative regulators of proinflammatory signaling, soluble anti-inflammatory factors, inhibitory surface receptors & ligands, and regulatory cell subsets. This review provides a global overview of these regulatory machineries that work in concert to maintain peripheral tolerance at cellular and host levels, focusing on the direct and indirect regulation of T cells. The recent success of checkpoint blockade immunotherapy (CBI) has initiated a dramatic shift in the paradigm of cancer treatment. Unprecedented responses to CBI have highlighted the central role of T cells in both anti-tumor immunity and peripheral tolerance and underscored the importance of T cell exhaustion in cancer. We discuss the therapeutic implications of modulating the negative regulators of T cell function for tumor immunotherapy with an emphasis on inhibitory surface receptors & ligands—central players in T cell exhaustion and targets of checkpoint blockade immunotherapies. We then introduce a Threshold Model for Immune Activation—the concept that these regulatory mechanisms contribute to defining a set threshold of immunogenic (proinflammatory) signaling required to elicit an anti-tumor or autoimmune response. We demonstrate the value of the Threshold Model in understanding clinical responses and immune related adverse events in the context of peripheral tolerance, tumor immunity, and the era of Checkpoint Blockade Immunotherapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kripa Guram
- Department of Radiation Medicine and Applied Sciences, San Diego Moores Cancer Center, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA, United States
| | - Sangwoo S Kim
- Department of Radiation Medicine and Applied Sciences, San Diego Moores Cancer Center, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA, United States
| | - Victoria Wu
- Moores Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA, United States
| | - P Dominick Sanders
- Department of Radiation Medicine and Applied Sciences, San Diego Moores Cancer Center, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA, United States
| | - Sandip Patel
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Center for Personalized Cancer Therapy, San Diego Moores Cancer Center, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA, United States
| | - Stephen P Schoenberger
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Center for Personalized Cancer Therapy, San Diego Moores Cancer Center, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA, United States.,Laboratory of Cellular Immunology, La Jolla Institute for Allergy and Immunology, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Ezra E W Cohen
- Moores Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA, United States
| | - Si-Yi Chen
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Andrew B Sharabi
- Department of Radiation Medicine and Applied Sciences, San Diego Moores Cancer Center, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA, United States.,Moores Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA, United States
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Pei L, Peng L, Wan X, Xiong J, Liu Z, Li X, Yang Y, Wang J. Expression Pattern and Function Analysis of AtPPRT1, a Novel Negative Regulator in ABA and Drought Stress Responses in Arabidopsis. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:E394. [PMID: 30658512 PMCID: PMC6358930 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20020394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2018] [Revised: 01/08/2019] [Accepted: 01/08/2019] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Abscisic acid (ABA) plays a fundamental role in plant growth and development, as well as in the responses to abiotic stresses. Previous studies have revealed that many components in ABA and drought stress signaling pathways are ubiquitinated by E3 ligases. In this study, AtPPRT1, a putative C3HC4 zinc-finger ubiquitin E3 ligase, was explored for its role in abiotic stress response in Arabidopsis thaliana. The expression of AtPPRT1 was induced by ABA. In addition, the β-glucuronidase (GUS) gene driven by the AtPPRT1 promoter was more active in the root hair zone and root tips of primary and major lateral roots of young seedlings in the presence of ABA. The assays for seed germination, stomatal aperture, root length, and water deficit demonstrated that the AtPPRT1-overexpressing Arabidopsis was insensitive to ABA and sensitive to drought stress compared with wild-type (WT) plants. The analysis by quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) revealed that the expression of three stress-inducible genes (AtRAB18, AtERD10, and AtKIN1) were upregulated in the atpprt1 mutant and downregulated in AtPPRT1-overexpressing plants, while two ABA hydrolysis genes (AtCYP707A1 and AtCYP707A3) were downregulated in the atpprt1 mutant and upregulated in AtPPRT1-overexpressing plants in the presence of ABA. AtPPRT1 was localized in the mitochondria. Our findings indicate that AtPPRT1 plays a negative role in ABA and drought stress responses.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Linsen Pei
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Resources and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China.
| | - Lu Peng
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Resources and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China.
| | - Xia Wan
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Resources and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China.
| | - Jie Xiong
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Resources and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China.
| | - Zhibin Liu
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Resources and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China.
| | - Xufeng Li
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Resources and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China.
| | - Yi Yang
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Resources and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China.
| | - Jianmei Wang
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Resources and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China.
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Abstract
SHIP-1 is a hematopoietic-specific inositol phosphatase activated downstream of a multitude of receptors including those for growth factors, cytokines, antigen, immunoglobulin and toll-like receptor agonists where it exerts inhibitory control. While it is constitutively expressed in all immune cells, SHIP-1 expression is negatively regulated by the inflammatory and oncogenic micro-RNA miR-155. Knockout mouse studies have shown the importance of SHIP-1 in various immune cell subsets and have revealed a range of immune-mediated pathologies that are engendered due to loss of SHIP-1's regulatory activity, impelling investigations into the role of SHIP-1 in human disease. In this review, we provide an overview of the literature relating to the role of SHIP-1 in hematopoietic cell signaling and function, we summarize recent reports that highlight the dysregulation of the SHIP-1 pathway in cancers, autoimmune disorders and inflammatory diseases, and lastly we discuss the importance of SHIP-1 in restraining myeloid growth factor signaling.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Margaret L Hibbs
- a Department of Immunology and Pathology , Alfred Medical Research and Education Precinct Monash University , Melbourne , Victoria , Australia
| | - April L Raftery
- a Department of Immunology and Pathology , Alfred Medical Research and Education Precinct Monash University , Melbourne , Victoria , Australia
| | - Evelyn Tsantikos
- a Department of Immunology and Pathology , Alfred Medical Research and Education Precinct Monash University , Melbourne , Victoria , Australia
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Park YD, Kwon SJ, Bae KS, Park HM. LAMMER Kinase Lkh1 Is an Upstream Regulator of Prk1-Mediated Non-Sexual Flocculation in Fission Yeast. Mycobiology 2018; 46:236-241. [PMID: 30294483 PMCID: PMC6171427 DOI: 10.1080/12298093.2018.1513115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2018] [Revised: 07/17/2018] [Accepted: 08/03/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The cation-dependent galactose-specific flocculation activity of the Schizosaccharomyces pombe null mutant of lkh1 +, the gene encoding LAMMER kinase homolog, has previously been reported by our group. Here, we show that disruption of prk1 +, another flocculation associated regulatory kinase encoding gene, also resulted in cation-dependent galactose-specific flocculation. Deletion of prk1 increased the flocculation phenotype of the lkh1 + null mutant and its overexpression reversed the flocculation of cells caused by lkh1 deletion. Transcript levels of prk1 + were also decreased by lkh1 + deletion. Cumulatively, these results indicate that Lkh1 is one of the negative regulators acting upstream of Prk1, regulating non-sexual flocculation in fission yeast.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yoon-Dong Park
- Department of Microbiology & Molecular Biology, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Soo Jeong Kwon
- Department of Microbiology & Molecular Biology, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Korea
| | | | - Hee-Moon Park
- Department of Microbiology & Molecular Biology, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Korea
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Erdei L, Bolla BS, Bozó R, Tax G, Urbán E, Kemény L, Szabó K. TNIP1 Regulates Cutibacterium acnes-Induced Innate Immune Functions in Epidermal Keratinocytes. Front Immunol 2018; 9:2155. [PMID: 30319618 PMCID: PMC6165910 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.02155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2018] [Accepted: 08/31/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Human skin cells recognize the presence of the skin microbiome through pathogen recognition receptors. Epidermal keratinocytes are known to activate toll-like receptors (TLRs) 2 and 4 in response to the commensal Cutibacterium acnes (C. acnes, formerly known as Propionibacterium acnes) bacterium and subsequently to induce innate immune and inflammatory events. These events may lead to the appearance of macroscopic inflammatory acne lesions in puberty: comedos, papules and, pustules. Healthy skin does not exhibit inflammation or skin lesions, even in the continuous presence of the same microbes. As the molecular mechanism for this duality is still unclear, we aimed to identify factors and mechanisms that control the innate immune response to C. acnes in keratinocytes using a human immortalized keratinocyte cell line, HPV-KER, normal human keratinocytes (NHEK) and an organotypic skin model (OSM). TNIP1, a negative regulator of the NF-κB signaling pathway, was found to be expressed in HPV-KER cells, and its expression was rapidly induced in response to C. acnes treatment, which was confirmed in NHEK cells and OSMs. Expression changes were not dependent on the C. acnes strain. However, we found that the extent of expression was dependent on C. acnes dose. Bacterial-induced changes in TNIP1 expression were regulated by signaling pathways involving NF-κB, p38, MAPKK and JNK. Experimental modification of TNIP1 levels affected constitutive and C. acnes-induced NF-κB promoter activities and subsequent inflammatory cytokine and chemokine mRNA and protein levels. These results suggest an important role for this negative regulator in the control of bacterially induced TLR signaling pathways in keratinocytes. We showed that all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA) induced elevated TNIP1 expression in HPV-KER cells and also in OSMs, where TNIP1 levels increased throughout the epidermis. ATRA also reduced constitutive and bacterium-induced levels of TNFα, CCL5 and TLR2, while simultaneously increasing CXCL8 and TLR4 expression. Based on these findings, we propose that ATRA may exhibit dual effects in acne therapy by both affecting the expression of the negative regulator TNIP1 and attenuating TLR2-induced inflammation. Overall, TNIP1, as a possible regulator of C. acnes-induced innate immune and inflammatory events in keratinocytes, may play important roles in the maintenance of epidermal homeostasis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lilla Erdei
- Department of Dermatology and Allergology, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Beáta Szilvia Bolla
- Department of Dermatology and Allergology, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Renáta Bozó
- Department of Dermatology and Allergology, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Gábor Tax
- Department of Dermatology and Allergology, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Edit Urbán
- Institute of Clinical Microbiology, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Lajos Kemény
- Department of Dermatology and Allergology, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary.,MTA-SZTE Dermatological Research Group, Szeged, Hungary
| | | |
Collapse
|
32
|
Ifnan Khan M, Zhang Y, Liu Z, Hu J, Liu C, Yang S, Hussain A, Furqan Ashraf M, Noman A, Shen L, Xia X, Yang F, Guan D, He S. CaWRKY40b in Pepper Acts as a Negative Regulator in Response to Ralstonia solanacearum by Directly Modulating Defense Genes Including CaWRKY40. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:E1403. [PMID: 29738468 PMCID: PMC5983674 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19051403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2018] [Revised: 04/19/2018] [Accepted: 04/24/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
WRKY transcription factors (TFs) have been implicated in plant growth, development, and in response to environmental cues; however, the function of the majority of pepper WRKY TFs remains unclear. In the present study, we functionally characterized CaWRKY40b, a homolog of AtWRKY40, in pepper immunity. Ralstonia solanacearum inoculation (RSI) in pepper plants resulted in downregulation of CaWRKY40b transcript, and green fluorescent protein (GFP)-tagged CaWRKY40b was localized to the nuclei when transiently overexpressed in the leaves of Nicotiana benthamiana. Virus-induced gene silencing (VIGS) of CaWRKY40b significantly decreased pepper’ susceptibility to RSI. Consistently, the transient over-expression of CaWRKY40b-SRDX (chimeric repressor version of CaWRKY40b) triggered cell death, as indicated by darker trypan blue and DAB staining. CaWRKY40b targets a number of immunity-associated genes, including CaWRKY40 JAR, RLK1, EIN3, FLS2, CNGIC8, CDPK13, and heat shock cognate protein 70 (HSC70), which were identified by ChIP-seq and confirmed using ChIP-real time PCR. Among these target genes, the negative regulator HSC70 was upregulated by transient overexpression of CaWRKY40b and downregulated by silencing of CaWRKY40b, whereas other positive regulators as well as two non-target genes, CaNPR1 and CaDEF1, were downregulated by the transient overexpression of CaWRKY40b and upregulated by CaWRKY40b silencing or transient overexpression of CaWRKY40b-SRDX. In addition, CaWRKY40b exhibited a positive feedback regulation at transcriptional level by directly targeting the promoter of itself. In conclusion, the findings of the present study suggest that CaWRKY40b acts as a negative regulator in pepper immunity against R. solanacearum by transcriptional modulation of a subset of immunity-associated genes; it also represses immunity in the absence of a pathogen, and derepresses immunity upon pathogen challenge.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Ifnan Khan
- National Education Ministry, Key Laboratory of Plant Genetic Improvement and Comprehensive Utilization, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China.
- College of Crop Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China.
- Key Laboratory of Applied Genetics of Universities in Fujian Province, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China.
| | - Yangwen Zhang
- National Education Ministry, Key Laboratory of Plant Genetic Improvement and Comprehensive Utilization, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China.
- College of Crop Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China.
- Key Laboratory of Applied Genetics of Universities in Fujian Province, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China.
| | - Zhiqin Liu
- National Education Ministry, Key Laboratory of Plant Genetic Improvement and Comprehensive Utilization, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China.
- College of Crop Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China.
- Key Laboratory of Applied Genetics of Universities in Fujian Province, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China.
| | - Jiong Hu
- National Education Ministry, Key Laboratory of Plant Genetic Improvement and Comprehensive Utilization, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China.
- College of Crop Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China.
- Key Laboratory of Applied Genetics of Universities in Fujian Province, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China.
| | - Cailing Liu
- National Education Ministry, Key Laboratory of Plant Genetic Improvement and Comprehensive Utilization, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China.
- College of Crop Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China.
- Key Laboratory of Applied Genetics of Universities in Fujian Province, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China.
| | - Sheng Yang
- National Education Ministry, Key Laboratory of Plant Genetic Improvement and Comprehensive Utilization, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China.
- College of Crop Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China.
- Key Laboratory of Applied Genetics of Universities in Fujian Province, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China.
| | - Ansar Hussain
- National Education Ministry, Key Laboratory of Plant Genetic Improvement and Comprehensive Utilization, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China.
- College of Crop Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China.
- Key Laboratory of Applied Genetics of Universities in Fujian Province, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China.
| | - Muhammad Furqan Ashraf
- National Education Ministry, Key Laboratory of Plant Genetic Improvement and Comprehensive Utilization, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China.
- College of Crop Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China.
- Key Laboratory of Applied Genetics of Universities in Fujian Province, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China.
| | - Ali Noman
- National Education Ministry, Key Laboratory of Plant Genetic Improvement and Comprehensive Utilization, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China.
- College of Crop Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China.
- Key Laboratory of Applied Genetics of Universities in Fujian Province, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China.
- Department of Botany, Government College University, Faisalabad 38040, Pakistan.
| | - Lei Shen
- National Education Ministry, Key Laboratory of Plant Genetic Improvement and Comprehensive Utilization, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China.
- College of Crop Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China.
- Key Laboratory of Applied Genetics of Universities in Fujian Province, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China.
| | - Xiaoqin Xia
- National Education Ministry, Key Laboratory of Plant Genetic Improvement and Comprehensive Utilization, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China.
- College of Crop Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China.
- Key Laboratory of Applied Genetics of Universities in Fujian Province, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China.
| | - Feng Yang
- National Education Ministry, Key Laboratory of Plant Genetic Improvement and Comprehensive Utilization, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China.
- College of Crop Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China.
- Key Laboratory of Applied Genetics of Universities in Fujian Province, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China.
| | - Deyi Guan
- National Education Ministry, Key Laboratory of Plant Genetic Improvement and Comprehensive Utilization, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China.
- College of Crop Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China.
- Key Laboratory of Applied Genetics of Universities in Fujian Province, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China.
| | - Shuilin He
- National Education Ministry, Key Laboratory of Plant Genetic Improvement and Comprehensive Utilization, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China.
- College of Crop Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China.
- Key Laboratory of Applied Genetics of Universities in Fujian Province, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China.
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Simoni L, Delgado V, Ruer-Laventie J, Bouis D, Soley A, Heyer V, Robert I, Gies V, Martin T, Korganow AS, Reina-San-Martin B, Soulas-Sprauel P. Trib1 Is Overexpressed in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus, While It Regulates Immunoglobulin Production in Murine B Cells. Front Immunol 2018; 9:373. [PMID: 29599769 PMCID: PMC5862796 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.00373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2017] [Accepted: 02/09/2018] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a severe and heterogeneous autoimmune disease
with a complex genetic etiology, characterized by the production of various
pathogenic autoantibodies, which participate in end-organ damages. The majority of
human SLE occurs in adults as a polygenic disease, and clinical flares interspersed
with silent phases of various lengths characterize the usual evolution of the disease
in time. Trying to understand the mechanism of the different phenotypic traits of the
disease, and considering the central role of B cells in SLE, we previously performed
a detailed wide analysis of gene expression variation in B cells from quiescent SLE
patients. This analysis pointed out an overexpression of TRIB1.
TRIB1 is a pseudokinase that has been implicated in the development of leukemia and
also metabolic disorders. It is hypothesized that Trib1 plays an adapter or scaffold
function in signaling pathways, notably in MAPK pathways. Therefore, we planned to
understand the functional significance of TRIB1 overexpression in B
cells in SLE. We produced a new knock-in model with B-cell-specific overexpression of
Trib1. We showed that overexpression of Trib1
specifically in B cells does not impact B cell development nor induce any development
of SLE symptoms in the mice. By contrast, Trib1 has a negative regulatory function on
the production of immunoglobulins, notably IgG1, but also on the production of
autoantibodies in an induced model. We observed a decrease of Erk activation in
BCR-stimulated Trib1 overexpressing B cells. Finally, we searched
for Trib1 partners in B cells by proteomic analysis in order to explore the
regulatory function of Trib1 in B cells. Interestingly, we find an interaction
between Trib1 and CD72, a negative regulator of B cells whose deficiency in mice
leads to the development of autoimmunity. In conclusion, the overexpression of
Trib1 could be one of the molecular pathways implicated in the
negative regulation of B cells during SLE.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Léa Simoni
- CNRS UPR 3572 "Immunopathology and Therapeutic Chemistry"/Laboratory of Excellence Medalis, Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biology (IBMC), Strasbourg, France
| | - Virginia Delgado
- CNRS UPR 3572 "Immunopathology and Therapeutic Chemistry"/Laboratory of Excellence Medalis, Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biology (IBMC), Strasbourg, France
| | - Julie Ruer-Laventie
- CNRS UPR 3572 "Immunopathology and Therapeutic Chemistry"/Laboratory of Excellence Medalis, Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biology (IBMC), Strasbourg, France
| | - Delphine Bouis
- CNRS UPR 3572 "Immunopathology and Therapeutic Chemistry"/Laboratory of Excellence Medalis, Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biology (IBMC), Strasbourg, France
| | - Anne Soley
- CNRS UPR 3572 "Immunopathology and Therapeutic Chemistry"/Laboratory of Excellence Medalis, Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biology (IBMC), Strasbourg, France.,UFR Médecine, Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Vincent Heyer
- Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire (IGBMC), Illkirch, France
| | - Isabelle Robert
- Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire (IGBMC), Illkirch, France.,Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), U964, Illkirch, France.,Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), UMR7104, Illkirch, France.,Université de Strasbourg, Illkirch, France
| | - Vincent Gies
- CNRS UPR 3572 "Immunopathology and Therapeutic Chemistry"/Laboratory of Excellence Medalis, Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biology (IBMC), Strasbourg, France.,UFR Médecine, Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France.,Department of Clinical Immunology and Internal Medicine, National Reference Center for Autoimmune Diseases, Hôpitaux Universitaires de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Thierry Martin
- CNRS UPR 3572 "Immunopathology and Therapeutic Chemistry"/Laboratory of Excellence Medalis, Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biology (IBMC), Strasbourg, France.,UFR Médecine, Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France.,Department of Clinical Immunology and Internal Medicine, National Reference Center for Autoimmune Diseases, Hôpitaux Universitaires de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Anne-Sophie Korganow
- CNRS UPR 3572 "Immunopathology and Therapeutic Chemistry"/Laboratory of Excellence Medalis, Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biology (IBMC), Strasbourg, France.,UFR Médecine, Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France.,Department of Clinical Immunology and Internal Medicine, National Reference Center for Autoimmune Diseases, Hôpitaux Universitaires de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Bernardo Reina-San-Martin
- Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire (IGBMC), Illkirch, France.,Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), U964, Illkirch, France.,Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), UMR7104, Illkirch, France.,Université de Strasbourg, Illkirch, France
| | - Pauline Soulas-Sprauel
- CNRS UPR 3572 "Immunopathology and Therapeutic Chemistry"/Laboratory of Excellence Medalis, Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biology (IBMC), Strasbourg, France.,UFR Médecine, Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France.,Department of Clinical Immunology and Internal Medicine, National Reference Center for Autoimmune Diseases, Hôpitaux Universitaires de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France.,UFR Sciences pharmaceutiques, Université de Strasbourg, Illkirch-Graffenstaden, France
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Gong Y, Wang L, Chippada-Venkata U, Dai X, Oh WK, Zhu J. Constructing Bayesian networks by integrating gene expression and copy number data identifies NLGN4Y as a novel regulator of prostate cancer progression. Oncotarget 2016; 7:68688-707. [PMID: 27626693 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.11925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2016] [Accepted: 08/24/2016] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
To understand the heterogeneity of prostate cancer (PCa) and identify novel underlying drivers, we constructed integrative molecular Bayesian networks (IMBNs) for PCa by integrating gene expression and copy number alteration data from published datasets. After demonstrating such IMBNs with superior network accuracy, we identified multiple sub-networks within IMBNs related to biochemical recurrence (BCR) of PCa and inferred the corresponding key drivers. The key drivers regulated a set of common effectors including genes preferentially expressed in neuronal cells. NLGN4Y—a protein involved in synaptic adhesion in neurons—was ranked as the top gene closely linked to key drivers of myogenesis subnetworks. Lower expression of NLGN4Y was associated with higher grade PCa and an increased risk of BCR. We show that restoration of the protein expression of NLGN4Y in PC-3 cells leads to decreased cell proliferation, migration and inflammatory cytokine expression. Our results suggest that NLGN4Y is an important negative regulator in prostate cancer progression. More importantly, it highlights the value of IMBNs in generating biologically and clinically relevant hypotheses about prostate cancer that can be validated by independent studies.
Collapse
|
35
|
Abstract
In this review, we compile identifying molecular mechanisms of MUC8 gene expression and studies characterizing the physiological functions of MUC8 in the airway and analyzing how altered MUC8 gene expression in the lung is affected by negative regulators.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hee-Jae Cha
- Department of Parasitology and Genetics, Kosin University College of Medicine, 34 Amnam-dong, Seo-gu, Busan 49267, Korea.
| | - Kyoung Seob Song
- Department of Physiology, Kosin University College of Medicine, 34 Amnam-dong, Seo-gu, Busan 49267, Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Verma N, Burma PK. Regulation of tapetum-specific A9 promoter by transcription factors AtMYB80, AtMYB1 and AtMYB4 in Arabidopsis thaliana and Nicotiana tabacum. Plant J 2017; 92:481-494. [PMID: 28849604 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.13671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2017] [Revised: 07/18/2017] [Accepted: 08/18/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Tapetum-specific promoters have been successfully used for developing transgenic-based pollination control systems. Although several tapetum-specific promoters have been identified, in-depth studies on regulation of such promoters are scarce. The present study analyzes the regulation of the A9 promoter, one of the first tapetum-specific promoter identified in Arabidopsis thaliana. Transcription factors (TFs) AtMYB80, AtMYB1 (positive regulators) identified by in silico analysis were found to upregulate A9 promoter activity following the over-expression of the TFs in transient and stable (transgenic) expression assays in both A. thaliana and tobacco. Furthermore, mutations of binding sites of these TFs in the A9 promoter led to loss of its activity. The role of a negative regulator AtMYB4 was also studied by analyzing the activity of A9 promoter following transient expression of RNAi against the TF and by mutating binding sites for AtMYB4 in the A9 promoter. While no changes were observed in case of A. thaliana, the A9 promoter was activated in the roots of transgenic tobacco plants, highlighting the role of these cis-elements in keeping the A9 promoter repressed in the roots of tobacco.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Neetu Verma
- Department of Genetics, University of Delhi South Campus, Benito Juarez Road, New Delhi, 110021, India
| | - Pradeep Kumar Burma
- Department of Genetics, University of Delhi South Campus, Benito Juarez Road, New Delhi, 110021, India
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Li X, Liu Y, Wang Y, Liu J, Li X, Cao H, Gao X, Zheng SJ. Negative Regulation of Hepatic Inflammation by the Soluble Resistance-Related Calcium-Binding Protein via Signal Transducer and Activator of Transcription 3. Front Immunol 2017; 8:709. [PMID: 28706517 PMCID: PMC5489593 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2017.00709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2017] [Accepted: 05/31/2017] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Host immune response is tightly controlled by negative regulators to avoid excessive immune reactions for homeostasis. Some pathogens may take advantage of host negative regulating system to evade host defense. Our previous report showed that foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) VP1 inhibited TNF-α- and SeV-induced type I interferon response via interaction with cellular protein soluble resistance-related calcium-binding protein (sorcin). Conversely, TNF-α- or SeV-induced type I interferon response increased when sorcin knocked down, leading to inhibition of vesicular stomatitis virus replication. However, the exact role of sorcin in regulation of the immune response is still not clear. Here, we show that mice deficient of sorcin (sorcin-/-) display enhanced ConA-induced hepatitis. Importantly, splenocytes from sorcin-/- mice produced more IL-2, IL-4, IL-17, and IFN-γ than that of littermate controls (sorcin+/+) in response to anti-CD3/28 stimulation. Furthermore, our data indicate that sorcin interacts with signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) and enhances its phosphorylation and that STAT3 acts as an immediate downstream molecule of sorcin in the negative regulation of NF-κB signaling. Thus, sorcin, in association with STAT3, negatively regulates hepatic inflammation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaying Li
- State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology and Zoonosis, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing, China.,College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Yanan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology and Zoonosis, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing, China.,College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Yongqiang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology and Zoonosis, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing, China.,College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Jue Liu
- Institute of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoqi Li
- State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology and Zoonosis, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing, China.,College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Hong Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology and Zoonosis, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing, China.,College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiang Gao
- Model Animal Research Center, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Shijun J Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology and Zoonosis, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing, China.,College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Hori S, Wadhwa K, Pisupati V, Zecchini V, Ramos-Montoya A, Warren AY, Neal DE, Gnanapragasam VJ. Loss of hSef promotes metastasis through upregulation of EMT in prostate cancer. Int J Cancer 2017; 140:1881-1887. [PMID: 28073170 PMCID: PMC5324539 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.30604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2016] [Revised: 11/25/2016] [Accepted: 12/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
We have previously reported that the negative signaling regulator Similar Expression to FGF (hSef) is downregulated in prostate cancer and its loss is associated with clinical metastasis. Here, we explored the mechanistic basis of this finding. We first confirmed our clinical observation by testing hSef manipulation in an in vivo metastasis model. hSef stable expressing cells (PC3M-hSef) or empty vector controls (PC3M-EV) were injected subcutaneously into the lateral thoracic walls of NOD-SCID gamma mice and lungs were harvested at autopsy. In this model, 6/7 PC3M-EV xenografts had definitive lung micro-metastasis whilst only 1/6 PC3M-hSef xenografts exhibited metastasis recapitulating the clinical scenario (p = 0.03). Gene expression studies revealed key perturbations in genes involved in cell motility and epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT) along with alterations in cognate signaling pathways. These results were validated in an EMT specific PCR array whereby hSef over-expression and silencing reciprocally altered E-Cadherin expression (p = <0.001) amongst other EMT markers. Immunohistochemistry of excised tumors from the xenografts also confirmed the effect of hSef in suppressing E-Cadherin expression at the protein level. Phosphokinase arrays further demonstrated a role for hSef in attenuating signaling of not only ERK-MAPK but also the JNK and p38 pathways as well. Taken together, these data suggest evidence that loss of hSef may be a critical event facilitating tumor dissemination of prostate cancer through alteration of EMT. Detection of downregulated hSef, along with other negative regulators, may therefore be a useful biomarker heralding a transition to a metastatic phenotype and warrants further exploration in this context.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Satoshi Hori
- Academic Urology Group, Department of Surgery, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom.,Uro-oncology Group, Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Karan Wadhwa
- Academic Urology Group, Department of Surgery, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom.,Uro-oncology Group, Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Venkat Pisupati
- Academic Urology Group, Department of Surgery, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Vincent Zecchini
- Uro-oncology Group, Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Antonio Ramos-Montoya
- Uro-oncology Group, Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Anne Y Warren
- Department of Pathology, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - David E Neal
- Uro-oncology Group, Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Vincent J Gnanapragasam
- Academic Urology Group, Department of Surgery, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Liu J, Lu SY, Orfe LH, Ren CH, Hu CQ, Call DR, Avillan JJ, Zhao Z. ExsE Is a Negative Regulator for T3SS Gene Expression in Vibrio alginolyticus. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2016; 6:177. [PMID: 27999769 PMCID: PMC5138213 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2016.00177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2016] [Accepted: 11/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Type III secretion systems (T3SSs) contribute to microbial pathogenesis of Vibrio species, but the regulatory mechanisms are complex. We determined if the classic ExsACDE protein-protein regulatory model from Pseudomonas aeruginosa applies to Vibrio alginolyticus. Deletion mutants in V. alginolyticus demonstrated that, as expected, the T3SS is positively regulated by ExsA and ExsC and negatively regulated by ExsD and ExsE. Interestingly, deletion of exsE enhanced the ability of V. alginolyticus to induce host-cell death while cytotoxicity was inhibited by in trans complementation of this gene in a wild-type strain, a result that differs from a similar experiment with Vibrio parahaemolyticus ExsE. We further showed that ExsE is a secreted protein that does not contribute to adhesion to Fathead minnow epithelial cells. An in vitro co-immunoprecipitation assay confirmed that ExsE binds to ExsC to exert negative regulatory effect on T3SS genes. T3SS in V. alginolyticus can be activated in the absence of physical contact with host cells and a separate regulatory pathway appears to contribute to the regulation of ExsA. Consequently, like ExsE from P. aeruginosa, ExsE is a negative regulator for T3SS gene expression in V. alginolyticus. Unlike the V. parahaemolyticus orthologue, however, deletion of exsE from V. alginolyticus enhanced in vitro cytotoxicity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jinxin Liu
- Institute of Marine Biology, College of Oceanography, Hohai UniversityNanjing, China; Paul G. Allen School for Global Animal Health, Washington State UniversityPullman, WA, USA
| | - Shao-Yeh Lu
- Paul G. Allen School for Global Animal Health, Washington State University Pullman, WA, USA
| | - Lisa H Orfe
- Paul G. Allen School for Global Animal Health, Washington State University Pullman, WA, USA
| | - Chun-Hua Ren
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences Guangzhou, China
| | - Chao-Qun Hu
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences Guangzhou, China
| | - Douglas R Call
- Paul G. Allen School for Global Animal Health, Washington State University Pullman, WA, USA
| | - Johannetsy J Avillan
- Paul G. Allen School for Global Animal Health, Washington State University Pullman, WA, USA
| | - Zhe Zhao
- Institute of Marine Biology, College of Oceanography, Hohai UniversityNanjing, China; Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of SciencesGuangzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Wang JH, Zhang Y, Li HY, Liu YY, Sun T. Dickkopf-1 negatively regulates the expression of osteoprotegerin, a key osteoclastogenesis inhibitor, by sequestering Lrp6 in primary and metastatic lytic bone lesions. Medicine (Baltimore) 2016; 95:e3767. [PMID: 27310953 PMCID: PMC4998439 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000003767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Recently, an inverse role for Wnt signaling in the development of osteoclasts in the bone was demonstrated. In the present study, we examined whether there is a commonality in the mechanism of bone resorption and lysis that occur in a diverse set of bone metastatic lesions, as well as in primary bone lesions. Compared with control bone tissue and bone biopsies from patients with nonmetastatic primary tumors (i.e., breast carcinoma, lung adenocarcinoma, and prostate carcinoma), patients with bone metastatic lesions from the three aforementioned primary tumors, as well as osteolytic lesions obtained from the bone biopsies of patients with multiple myeloma, demonstrated an upregulated expression of the glycoprotein Dickkopf-1 at both the mRNA and protein levels. Additionally, by coimmunoprecipitation, Dickkopf-1 pulled-down low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 6 (Lrp6), which is a key downstream effector of the Wnt signaling pathway. The expression of Lrp6 was unaltered in the osteometastatic lesions. This negative regulation was associated with a lowered expression of osteoprotegerin in the osteometastatic lesions, an observation that was previously reported to promote osteoclastogenesis. These findings provide a common mechanism for the inverse relationship between the Wnt signaling pathway and the development of primary or metastatic bone lesions. Pharmacological modulation of the Wnt signaling pathway might benefit the clinical management of primary and metastatic bone lesions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jian-Hang Wang
- Trauma Department of Orthopedics, Yantaishan Hospital, Yantai, Shandong, China
| | - Yuanjin Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics, Huangshi Central Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Hubei Polytechnic University, Huangshi, Hubei, China
| | - Hong-Yan Li
- Trauma Department of Orthopedics, Yantaishan Hospital, Yantai, Shandong, China
| | - Yun-Yan Liu
- Trauma Department of Orthopedics, Yantaishan Hospital, Yantai, Shandong, China
| | - Tao Sun
- Trauma Department of Orthopedics, Yantaishan Hospital, Yantai, Shandong, China
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Li T, Wu XY, Li H, Song JH, Liu JY. A Dual-Function Transcription Factor, AtYY1, Is a Novel Negative Regulator of the Arabidopsis ABA Response Network. Mol Plant 2016; 9:650-661. [PMID: 26961720 DOI: 10.1016/j.molp.2016.02.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2015] [Revised: 02/27/2016] [Accepted: 02/28/2016] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Abscisic acid (ABA) plays crucial roles in plant growth and development, as well as in response to various environmental stresses. To date, many regulatory genes involved in the ABA response network have been identified; however, their roles have remained to be fully elucidated. In this study, we identified AtYY1, an Arabidopsis homolog of the mammalian C2H2 zinc-finger transcription factor Yin Yang 1 (YY1), as a novel negative regulator of the ABA response. AtYY1 is a dual-function transcription factor with both repression and activation domains. The expression of AtYY1 was induced by ABA and stress conditions including high salt and dehydration. The yy1 mutant was more sensitive to ABA and NaCl than the wild-type, while overexpressing AtYY1 plants were less sensitive. AtYY1 loss also enhanced ABA-induced stomatal closing and drought resistance. Moreover, AtYY1 can bind the ABA REPRESSOR1 (ABR1) promoter and directly upregulate ABR1 expression, as well as negatively regulate ABA- and salt-responsive gene expression. Additional analysis indicated that ABA INSENSITIVE4 (ABI4) might positively regulate AtYY1 expression and that ABR1 can antagonize this regulation. Our findings provide direct evidence that AtYY1 is a novel negative regulator of the ABA response network and that the ABI4-AtYY1-ABR1 regulatory pathway may fine-tune ABA-responsive gene expression in Arabidopsis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tian Li
- Laboratory of Plant Molecular Biology, Centre for Plant Biology, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China; Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Resources and Germplasm Enhancement, Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Crop Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Xiu-Yun Wu
- Laboratory of Plant Molecular Biology, Centre for Plant Biology, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Hui Li
- Laboratory of Plant Molecular Biology, Centre for Plant Biology, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China; Department of Plant Pathology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Jian-Hui Song
- Laboratory of Plant Molecular Biology, Centre for Plant Biology, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Jin-Yuan Liu
- Laboratory of Plant Molecular Biology, Centre for Plant Biology, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China.
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Li HL, Wei LR, Guo D, Wang Y, Zhu JH, Chen XT, Peng SQ. HbMADS4, a MADS-box Transcription Factor from Hevea brasiliensis, Negatively Regulates HbSRPP. Front Plant Sci 2016; 7:1709. [PMID: 27895659 PMCID: PMC5108930 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2016.01709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2016] [Accepted: 10/31/2016] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
In plants MADS-box transcription factors (TFs) play important roles in growth and development. However, no plant MADS-box gene has been identified to have a function related to secondary metabolites regulation. Here, a MADS-box TF gene, designated as HbMADS4, was isolated from Hevea brasiliensis by the yeast one-hybrid experiment to screen the latex cDNA library using the promoter of the gene encoding H. brasiliensis small rubber particle protein (HbSRPP) as bait. HbMADS4 was 984-bp containing 633-bp open reading frame encoding a deduced protein of 230 amino acid residues with a typical conserved MADS-box motif at the N terminus. HbMADS4 was preferentially expressed in the latex, but little expression was detected in the leaves, flowers, and roots. Its expression was inducible by methyl jasmonate and ethylene. Furthermore, transient over-expression and over-expression of HbMADS4 in transgenic tobacco plants significantly suppressed the activity of the HbSRP promoter. Altogether, it is proposed that HbMADS4 is a negative regulator of HbSRPP which participates in the biosynthesis of natural rubber.
Collapse
|
43
|
Inokawa A, Inuzuka T, Takahara T, Shibata H, Maki M. Tubby-like protein superfamily member PLSCR3 functions as a negative regulator of adipogenesis in mouse 3T3-L1 preadipocytes by suppressing induction of late differentiation stage transcription factors. Biosci Rep 2015; 36:e00287. [PMID: 26677203 DOI: 10.1042/BSR20150215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2015] [Accepted: 12/15/2015] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Decrease in intracellular amount of phospholipid scramblase 3 (PLSCR3) is accompanied by enhanced unconventional secretion during differentiation of mouse preadipocytic 3T3-L1 cells. Forced overexpression of PLSCR3 in 3T3-L1 cells inhibited adipogenesis by suppressing induction of late stage pro-adipogenic transcription factors. PLSCR3 (phospholipid scramblase 3, Scr3) belongs to the superfamily of membrane-associated transcription regulators named Tubby-like proteins (TULPs). Physiological phospholipid scrambling activities of PLSCRs in vivo have been skeptically argued, and knowledge of the biological functions of Scr3 is limited. We investigated the expression of Scr3 during differentiation of mouse 3T3-L1 preadipocytes by Western blotting (WB) and by reverse-transcription and real-time quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR). The Scr3 protein decreased during 3T3-L1 differentiation accompanied by a reduction in the mRNA level, and there was a significant increase in the amount of Scr3 protein secreted into the culture medium in the form of extracellular microvesicles (exosomes). On the other hand, Scr3 expression did not significantly decrease, and the secretion of Scr3 in 3T3 Swiss-albino fibroblasts (a parental cell-line of 3T3-L1) was not increased by differentiation treatment. Overexpression of human Scr3 during 3T3-L1 differentiation suppressed triacylglycerol accumulation and inhibited induction of the mRNAs of late stage pro-adipogenic transcription factors [CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein α (C/EBPα) and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ)] and X-box-binding protein 1 (XBP1). Expression of early stage pro-adipogenic transcription factors (C/EBPβ and C/EBPδ) was not significantly affected. These results suggest that Scr3 functions as a negative regulator of adipogenesis in 3T3-L1 cells at a specific differentiation stage and that decrease in the intracellular amount of Scr3 protein caused by reduction in Scr3 mRNA expression and enhanced secretion of Scr3 protein appears to be important for appropriate adipocyte differentiation.
Collapse
|
44
|
Xu W, Meng Y, Surana P, Fuerst G, Nettleton D, Wise RP. The knottin-like Blufensin family regulates genes involved in nuclear import and the secretory pathway in barley-powdery mildew interactions. Front Plant Sci 2015; 6:409. [PMID: 26089830 PMCID: PMC4454880 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2015.00409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2014] [Accepted: 05/21/2015] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Plants have evolved complex regulatory mechanisms to control a multi-layered defense response to microbial attack. Both temporal and spatial gene expression are tightly regulated in response to pathogen ingress, modulating both positive and negative control of defense. BLUFENSINs, small knottin-like peptides in barley, wheat, and rice, are highly induced by attack from fungal pathogens, in particular, the obligate biotrophic fungus, Blumeria graminis f. sp. hordei (Bgh), causal agent of barley powdery mildew. Previous research indicated that Blufensin1 (Bln1) functions as a negative regulator of basal defense mechanisms. In the current report, we show that BLN1 and BLN2 can both be secreted to the apoplast and Barley stripe mosaic virus (BSMV)-mediated overexpression of Bln2 increases susceptibility of barley to Bgh. Bimolecular fluorescence complementation (BiFC) assays signify that BLN1 and BLN2 can interact with each other, and with calmodulin. We then used BSMV-induced gene silencing to knock down Bln1, followed by Barley1 GeneChip transcriptome analysis, to identify additional host genes influenced by Bln1. Analysis of differential expression revealed a gene set enriched for those encoding proteins annotated to nuclear import and the secretory pathway, particularly Importin α1-b and Sec61 γ subunits. Further functional analysis of these two affected genes showed that when silenced, they also reduced susceptibility to Bgh. Taken together, we postulate that Bln1 is co-opted by Bgh to facilitate transport of disease-related host proteins or effectors, influencing the establishment of Bgh compatibility on its barley host.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Weihui Xu
- Department of Plant Pathology and Microbiology, Center for Plant Responses to Environmental Stresses, Iowa State UniversityAmes, IA, USA
| | - Yan Meng
- Department of Plant Pathology and Microbiology, Center for Plant Responses to Environmental Stresses, Iowa State UniversityAmes, IA, USA
| | - Priyanka Surana
- Department of Plant Pathology and Microbiology, Center for Plant Responses to Environmental Stresses, Iowa State UniversityAmes, IA, USA
- Bioinformatics and Computational Biology Graduate Program, Iowa State UniversityAmes, IA, USA
| | - Greg Fuerst
- Department of Plant Pathology and Microbiology, Center for Plant Responses to Environmental Stresses, Iowa State UniversityAmes, IA, USA
- Corn Insects and Crop Genetics Research Unit, U.S. Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service, Iowa State UniversityAmes, IA, USA
| | - Dan Nettleton
- Department of Statistics, Iowa State UniversityAmes, IA, USA
| | - Roger P. Wise
- Department of Plant Pathology and Microbiology, Center for Plant Responses to Environmental Stresses, Iowa State UniversityAmes, IA, USA
- Corn Insects and Crop Genetics Research Unit, U.S. Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service, Iowa State UniversityAmes, IA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Zeilmaker T, Ludwig NR, Elberse J, Seidl MF, Berke L, Van Doorn A, Schuurink RC, Snel B, Van den Ackerveken G. DOWNY MILDEW RESISTANT 6 and DMR6-LIKE OXYGENASE 1 are partially redundant but distinct suppressors of immunity in Arabidopsis. Plant J 2015; 81:210-22. [PMID: 25376907 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.12719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 120] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2014] [Revised: 10/04/2014] [Accepted: 10/27/2014] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Arabidopsis downy mildew resistant 6 (dmr6) mutants have lost their susceptibility to the downy mildew Hyaloperonospora arabidopsidis. Here we show that dmr6 is also resistant to the bacterium Pseudomonas syringae and the oomycete Phytophthora capsici. Resistance is accompanied by enhanced defense gene expression and elevated salicylic acid levels. The suppressive effect of the DMR6 oxygenase was confirmed in transgenic Arabidopsis lines overexpressing DMR6 that show enhanced susceptibility to H. arabidopsidis, P. capsici, and P. syringae. Phylogenetic analysis of the superfamily of 2-oxoglutarate Fe(II)-dependent oxygenases revealed a subgroup of DMR6-LIKE OXYGENASEs (DLOs). Within Arabidopsis, DMR6 is most closely related to DLO1 and DLO2. Overexpression of DLO1 and DLO2 in the dmr6 mutant restored the susceptibility to downy mildew indicating that DLOs negatively affect defense, similar to DMR6. DLO1, but not DLO2, is co-expressed with DMR6, showing strong activation during pathogen attack and following salicylic acid treatment. DMR6 and DLO1 differ in their spatial expression pattern in downy mildew-infected Arabidopsis leaves; DMR6 is mostly expressed in cells that are in contact with hyphae and haustoria of H. arabidopsidis, while DLO1 is expressed mainly in the vascular tissues near infection sites. Strikingly, the dmr6-3_dlo1 double mutant, that is completely resistant to H. arabidopsidis, showed a strong growth reduction that was associated with high levels of salicylic acid. We conclude that DMR6 and DLO1 redundantly suppress plant immunity, but also have distinct activities based on their differential localization of expression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tieme Zeilmaker
- Plant-Microbe Interactions, Department of Biology, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
46
|
Gawish R, Martins R, Böhm B, Wimberger T, Sharif O, Lakovits K, Schmidt M, Knapp S. Triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells-2 fine-tunes inflammatory responses in murine Gram-negative sepsis. FASEB J 2014; 29:1247-57. [PMID: 25477281 DOI: 10.1096/fj.14-260067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2014] [Accepted: 11/13/2014] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
During infections, TLR-mediated responses require tight regulation to allow for pathogen removal, while preventing overwhelming inflammation and immunopathology. The triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells (TREM)-2 negatively regulates inflammation by macrophages and impacts on phagocytosis, but the function of endogenous TREM-2 during infections is poorly understood. We investigated TREM-2's role in regulating TLR4-mediated inflammation by studying wild-type and TREM-2(-/-) mice challenged with LPS and found TREM-2 to dampen early inflammation. Augmented early inflammation in TREM-2(-/-) animals was followed by an accelerated resolution and ultimately improved survival, associated with the induction of the negative regulator A20. Upon infection with Escherichia coli, the otherwise beneficial effect of an exaggerated early immune response in TREM-2(-/-) animals was counteracted by a 50% reduction in bacterial phagocytosis. In line with this, TREM-2(-/-) peritoneal macrophages (PMs) exhibited augmented inflammation following TLR4 stimulation, demonstrating the presence and negative regulatory functionality of TREM-2 on primary PMs. Significantly, we identified a high turnover rate because TREM-2 RNA is 25-fold down-regulated and the protein proteasomally degraded upon LPS encounter, thus ensuring a tightly regulated and versatile system that modulates inflammation. Our results illustrate TREM-2's effects on infection-triggered inflammation and identify TREM-2 as a potential target to prevent overwhelming inflammation while preserving antibacterial-effector functions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Riem Gawish
- *Ce-M-M-, Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna, Austria; Department of Medicine I, Laboratory of Infection Biology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria; and National Food Institute, Division for Epidemiology and Microbial Genomics, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Rui Martins
- *Ce-M-M-, Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna, Austria; Department of Medicine I, Laboratory of Infection Biology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria; and National Food Institute, Division for Epidemiology and Microbial Genomics, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Benedikta Böhm
- *Ce-M-M-, Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna, Austria; Department of Medicine I, Laboratory of Infection Biology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria; and National Food Institute, Division for Epidemiology and Microbial Genomics, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Terje Wimberger
- *Ce-M-M-, Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna, Austria; Department of Medicine I, Laboratory of Infection Biology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria; and National Food Institute, Division for Epidemiology and Microbial Genomics, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Omar Sharif
- *Ce-M-M-, Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna, Austria; Department of Medicine I, Laboratory of Infection Biology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria; and National Food Institute, Division for Epidemiology and Microbial Genomics, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Karin Lakovits
- *Ce-M-M-, Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna, Austria; Department of Medicine I, Laboratory of Infection Biology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria; and National Food Institute, Division for Epidemiology and Microbial Genomics, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Mariane Schmidt
- *Ce-M-M-, Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna, Austria; Department of Medicine I, Laboratory of Infection Biology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria; and National Food Institute, Division for Epidemiology and Microbial Genomics, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Sylvia Knapp
- *Ce-M-M-, Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna, Austria; Department of Medicine I, Laboratory of Infection Biology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria; and National Food Institute, Division for Epidemiology and Microbial Genomics, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby, Denmark
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Homma M, Nagashima S, Fukuda T, Yanagi S, Miyakawa H, Suzuki E, Morimoto T. Downregulation of Centaurin gamma1A increases synaptic transmission at Drosophila larval neuromuscular junctions. Eur J Neurosci 2014; 40:3158-70. [PMID: 25074496 DOI: 10.1111/ejn.12681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2014] [Revised: 06/24/2014] [Accepted: 06/25/2014] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Adequate regulation of synaptic transmission is critical for appropriate neural circuit functioning. Although a number of molecules involved in synaptic neurotransmission have been identified, the molecular mechanisms regulating neurotransmission are not fully understood. Here, we focused on Centaurin gamma1A (CenG1A) and examined its role in synaptic transmission regulation using Drosophila larval neuromuscular junctions. CenG1A is a member of the Centaurin family, which contains Pleckstrin homology, ADP ribosylation factor GTPase-activating protein, and ankyrin repeat domains. Due to the existence of these functional domains, CenG1A is proposed to be involved in the process of synaptic release; however, no evidence for this has been found to date. In this study, we investigated the potential role for CenG1A in the process of synaptic release by performing intracellular recordings in larval muscle cells. We found that neurotransmitter release from presynaptic cells was enhanced in cenG1A mutants. This effect was also observed in larvae with reduced CenG1A function in either presynaptic or postsynaptic cells. In addition, we revealed that suppressing CenG1A function in postsynaptic muscle cells led to an increase in the probability of neurotransmitter release, whereas its suppression in presynaptic neurons led to an increase in neurotransmitter release probability and an increase in the number of synaptic vesicles. These results suggested that CenG1A functions at both presynaptic and postsynaptic sites as a negative regulator of neurotransmitter release. Our study provided evidence for a key role of CenG1A in proper synaptic transmission at neuromuscular junctions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mizuho Homma
- Laboratory of Cellular Neurobiology, School of Life Sciences, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, Hachiouji, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
48
|
Abstract
Asexual development (conidiation) of the filamentous fungus Aspergillus nidulans occurs via balanced activities of multiple positive and negative regulators. For instance, FluG (+) and SfgA (-) govern upstream regulation of the developmental switch, and BrlA (+) and VosA (-) control the progression and completion of conidiation. To identify negative regulators of conidiation downstream of FluG-SfgA, we carried out multicopy genetic screens using sfgA deletion strains. After visually screening >100,000 colonies, we isolated 61 transformants exhibiting reduced conidiation. Responsible genes were identified as AN3152 (nsdD), AN7507, AN2009, AN1652, AN5833, and AN9141. Importantly, nsdD, a key activator of sexual reproduction, was present in 10 independent transformants. Furthermore, deletion, overexpression, and double-mutant analyses of individual genes have led to the conclusion that, of the six genes, only nsdD functions in the FluG-activated conidiation pathway. The deletion of nsdD bypassed the need for fluG and flbA∼flbE, but not brlA or abaA, in conidiation, and partially restored production of the mycotoxin sterigmatocystin (ST) in the ΔfluG, ΔflbA, and ΔflbB mutants, suggesting that NsdD is positioned between FLBs and BrlA in A. nidulans. Nullifying nsdD caused formation of conidiophores in liquid submerged cultures, where wild-type strains do not develop. Moreover, the removal of both nsdD and vosA resulted in even more abundant development of conidiophores in liquid submerged cultures and high-level accumulation of brlA messenger (m)RNA even at 16 hr of vegetative growth. Collectively, NsdD is a key negative regulator of conidiation and likely exerts its repressive role via downregulating brlA.
Collapse
|
49
|
Shi Z, Zhang Y, Maximova SN, Guiltinan MJ. TcNPR3 from Theobroma cacao functions as a repressor of the pathogen defense response. BMC Plant Biol 2013; 13:204. [PMID: 24314063 PMCID: PMC3878973 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2229-13-204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2013] [Accepted: 11/27/2013] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Arabidopsis thaliana (Arabidopsis) NON-EXPRESSOR OF PR1 (NPR1) is a transcription coactivator that plays a central role in regulating the transcriptional response to plant pathogens. Developing flowers of homozygous npr3 mutants are dramatically more resistant to infection by the pathogenic bacterium Pseudomonas syringae, suggesting a role of NPR3 as a repressor of NPR1-mediated defense response with a novel role in flower development. RESULTS We report here the characterization of a putative NPR3 gene from the tropical tree species Theobroma cacao (TcNPR3). Like in Arabidopsis, TcNPR3 was constitutively expressed across a wide range of tissue types and developmental stages but with some differences in relative levels compared to Arabidopsis. To test the function of TcNPR3, we performed transgenic complementation analysis by introducing a constitutively expressing putative TcNPR3 transgene into an Arabidopsis npr3 mutant. TcNPR3 expressing Arabidopsis plants were partially restored to the WT pathogen phenotype (immature flowers susceptible to bacterial infection). To test TcNPR3 function directly in cacao tissues, a synthetic microRNA targeting TcNPR3 mRNA was transiently expressed in cacao leaves using an Agrobacterium-infiltration method. TcNPR3 knock down leaf tissues were dramatically more resistance to infection with Phytophthora capsici in a leaf bioassay, showing smaller lesion sizes and reduced pathogen replication. CONCLUSIONS We conclude that TcNPR3 functions similar to the Arabidopsis NPR3 gene in the regulation of the cacao defense response. Since TcNPR3 did not show a perfect complementation of the Arabidopsis NPR3 mutation, the possibility remains that other functions of TcNPR3 remain to be found. This novel knowledge can contribute to the breeding of resistant cacao varieties against pathogens through molecular markers based approaches or biotechnological strategies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zi Shi
- The Huck Institutes of the Life Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
| | - Yufan Zhang
- The Huck Institutes of the Life Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
| | - Siela N Maximova
- The Department of Plant Science, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
| | - Mark J Guiltinan
- The Huck Institutes of the Life Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
- The Department of Plant Science, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
- 422 Life Sciences Building, University Park, PA 16802, USA
| |
Collapse
|
50
|
Shi Z, Maximova S, Liu Y, Verica J, Guiltinan MJ. The salicylic acid receptor NPR3 is a negative regulator of the transcriptional defense response during early flower development in Arabidopsis. Mol Plant 2013; 6:802-816. [PMID: 22986789 DOI: 10.1093/mp/sss091[epubaheadofprint]] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Arabidopsis non-expressor of PR1 (NPR1) is a transcription co-activator that plays a central role in regulating the transcriptional response to plant pathogens. The NPR family consists of NPR1 and five NPR1-like genes. The NPR1 paralog NPR3 has recently been shown to function as a receptor of the plant hormone salicylic acid and to mediate proteosomal degradation of NPR1. The function of NPR3 protein during early flower development was revealed through a detailed molecular-genetic analysis including promoter transcriptional fusion analysis, phenotype characterization of npr3-3 mutants/overexpressors, and whole-plant fitness analysis. The physical interaction between NPR3 and NPR1/TGA2 was explored using bimolecular fluorescence complementation analysis in onion epidermal cells. Here, we show that NPR3 expression was strongest in the petals and sepals of developing flowers and declined after flower opening. Consistently with this observation, an npr3 knockout mutant displayed enhanced resistance to Pseudomonas syringae infection of immature flowers, but not leaves. Developing npr3 flowers exhibited increased levels of basal and induced PR1 transcript accumulation. However, the npr3 mutant showed lower fitness compared to Col-0 in the absence of pathogen. Moreover, NPR3 was shown to interact with NPR1 and TGA2 in vivo. Our data suggest that NPR3 is a negative regulator of defense responses during early flower development and it may function through the association with both NPR1 and TGA2.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zi Shi
- The Huck Institutes of the Life Sciences, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|