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Neto MM, Wright E, Temperton N, Soema P, Ten Have R, Ploemen I, Scott S. Application and comparison of lyophilisation protocols to enhance stable long-term storage of filovirus pseudotypes for use in antibody neutralisation tests. J Appl Microbiol 2023; 134:6918828. [PMID: 36724296 DOI: 10.1093/jambio/lxac067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2022] [Revised: 10/19/2022] [Accepted: 12/01/2022] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
AIMS Filoviruses encompass highly pathogenic viruses placing significant public health burden on countries affected. Efforts for improved diagnostics and surveillance are needed. The requirement for high-containment can be circumvented by using pseudotype viruses (PV), which can be handled safely, in tropism, drug screening, vaccine evaluation, and serosurveillance studies. We assessed the stability and functionality after long-term storage of lyophilised filovirus pseudotypes for use in neutralisation assays. METHODS AND RESULTS We generated a panel of filovirus lentiviral pseudotypes followed by lyophilisation and storage in different conditions. Next, we reconstituted and tested PVs in infection experiments and pseudotype neutralisation assays where possible. Lyophilised Ebola and Marburg PVs retained production titres for at least two years when stored at +4˚C or less. Lyophilised Ebola PVs performed similarly to non-lyophilised PVs in neutralisation assays after reconstitution. When stored at high temperatures (+37˚C), lyophilised PVs did not retain titres after 1-month storage, however, when lyophilised using pilot-scale facilities EBOV PVs retained titres and performed as standard in neutralisation assays after on 1-month storage at 37˚C. CONCLUSIONS Filovirus PVs are amenable to lyophilisation and can be stored for at least 2 years in a household fridge to be used in antibody assays. Lyophilisation performed in the right conditions would allow transportation at room temperature, even in warmer climates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Mayora Neto
- Viral Pseudotype Unit (VPU), Medway School of Pharmacy, Universities of Kent and Greenwich at Medway, Central Avenue, Chatham Maritime ME4 4TB, UK
| | - Edward Wright
- Viral Pseudotype Unit, University of Sussex, Falmer, Brighton BN1 9RH, UK
| | - Nigel Temperton
- Viral Pseudotype Unit (VPU), Medway School of Pharmacy, Universities of Kent and Greenwich at Medway, Central Avenue, Chatham Maritime ME4 4TB, UK
| | - Peter Soema
- Intravacc, Department of Analytics, Delivery and Formulation, PO Box 450, 3720 AL, Bilthoven, The Netherlands
| | - Rimko Ten Have
- Intravacc, Department of Analytics, Delivery and Formulation, PO Box 450, 3720 AL, Bilthoven, The Netherlands
| | - Ivo Ploemen
- Intravacc, Department of Analytics, Delivery and Formulation, PO Box 450, 3720 AL, Bilthoven, The Netherlands
| | - Simon Scott
- Viral Pseudotype Unit (VPU), Medway School of Pharmacy, Universities of Kent and Greenwich at Medway, Central Avenue, Chatham Maritime ME4 4TB, UK
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2
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Cugno M, Meroni PL, Consonni D, Griffini S, Grovetti E, Novembrino C, Torri A, Griffante G, Gariglio M, Varani L, Peyvandi F. Effects of Antibody Responses to Pre-Existing Coronaviruses on Disease Severity and Complement Activation in COVID-19 Patients. Microorganisms 2022; 10:microorganisms10061191. [PMID: 35744709 PMCID: PMC9228214 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms10061191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2022] [Revised: 06/06/2022] [Accepted: 06/08/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The severity of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) may be influenced by pre-existing immune responses against endemic coronaviruses, but conflicting data have been reported. We studied 148 patients who were hospitalised because of a confirmed diagnosis of COVID-19, classified mild in 58, moderate in 44, and severe in 46. The controls were 27 healthy subjects. At admission, blood samples were collected for the measurement of biomarkers of disease severity and levels of the IgG against the receptor-binding domain (RBD) of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) and pre-existing coronaviruses OC43, HKU1, NL63 and 229E. Higher levels of IgG antibodies against the RBD of pre-existing coronavirus (with the highest significance for anti-HKU1 IgG, p = 0.01) were found in patients with mild disease, compared with those with moderate or severe disease. Multivariable logistic regression confirmed the association of high levels of antibodies to pre-existing coronavirus with mild disease and showed their associations with low levels of the complement activation marker SC5b-9 (p range = 0.007–0.05). High levels of anti-NL63 antibodies were associated with low levels of the coagulation activation marker D-dimer (p = 0.04), while high levels of IgG against 229E were associated with low levels of the endothelial activation marker von Willebrand factor (p = 0.05). Anti-SARS-CoV-2-neutralising activity of plasma positively correlated with anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgG (r = 0.53, p = 0.04) and with anti-HKU1 IgG (r = 0.51, p = 0.05). In hospitalised patients with COVID-19, high levels of antibodies to pre-existing coronaviruses are associated with mild disease, suggesting that their measurement could be useful in predicting the severity of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Massimo Cugno
- Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20122 Milan, Italy;
- UOC Medicina Generale–Emostasi e Trombosi, Department of Internal Medicine, Fondazione IRCCS Ca’ Granda, Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, 20122 Milan, Italy; (S.G.); (E.G.); (C.N.); (A.T.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Pier Luigi Meroni
- Immunorheumatology Research Laboratory, IRCCS Istituto Auxologico Italiano, 20145 Milan, Italy;
| | - Dario Consonni
- Epidemiology Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Ca’ Granda, Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, 20122 Milan, Italy;
| | - Samantha Griffini
- UOC Medicina Generale–Emostasi e Trombosi, Department of Internal Medicine, Fondazione IRCCS Ca’ Granda, Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, 20122 Milan, Italy; (S.G.); (E.G.); (C.N.); (A.T.)
| | - Elena Grovetti
- UOC Medicina Generale–Emostasi e Trombosi, Department of Internal Medicine, Fondazione IRCCS Ca’ Granda, Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, 20122 Milan, Italy; (S.G.); (E.G.); (C.N.); (A.T.)
| | - Cristina Novembrino
- UOC Medicina Generale–Emostasi e Trombosi, Department of Internal Medicine, Fondazione IRCCS Ca’ Granda, Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, 20122 Milan, Italy; (S.G.); (E.G.); (C.N.); (A.T.)
| | - Adriana Torri
- UOC Medicina Generale–Emostasi e Trombosi, Department of Internal Medicine, Fondazione IRCCS Ca’ Granda, Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, 20122 Milan, Italy; (S.G.); (E.G.); (C.N.); (A.T.)
| | - Gloria Griffante
- Virology Unit, Department of Translational Medicine, University of Piemonte Orientale, 28100 Novara, Italy; (G.G.); (M.G.)
| | - Marisa Gariglio
- Virology Unit, Department of Translational Medicine, University of Piemonte Orientale, 28100 Novara, Italy; (G.G.); (M.G.)
| | - Luca Varani
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine, Università della Svizzera italiana (USI), 6500 Bellinzona, Switzerland;
| | - Flora Peyvandi
- Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20122 Milan, Italy;
- UOC Medicina Generale–Emostasi e Trombosi, Department of Internal Medicine, Fondazione IRCCS Ca’ Granda, Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, 20122 Milan, Italy; (S.G.); (E.G.); (C.N.); (A.T.)
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Kim YC, Lücke AC, López-Camacho C, Kümmerer BM, Reyes-Sandoval A. Development of Viral-Vectored Vaccines and Virus Replicon Particle-Based Neutralisation Assay against Mayaro Virus. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:4105. [PMID: 35456923 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23084105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2022] [Revised: 04/01/2022] [Accepted: 04/05/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Mayaro virus (MAYV) is an emerging alphavirus causing acute febrile illness associated with chronic polyarthralgia. Although MAYV is currently restricted to tropical regions in South America around the Amazon basin, it has the potential to spread globally by Aedes species mosquitoes. In addition, there are currently no specific therapeutics or licenced vaccines against MAYV infection. We have previously shown that an adenovirus based Mayaro vaccine (ChAdOx1 May) was able to provide full protection against MAYV challenge in vaccinated A129 mice and induced high neutralising antibody titres. In this study, we have constructed a replication deficient simian adenovirus (ChAdOx2) and a Modified Ankara Virus (MVA) based vaccine expressing the MAYV structural cassette (sMAYV) similar to ChAdOx1 May, and characterised recombinant MAYV E2 glycoprotein expressed in a mammalian system for immune monitoring. We demonstrate that ChAdOx2 May was able to induce high antibody titres similar to ChAdOx1 May, and MVA May was shown to be an effective boosting strategy following prime vaccination with ChAdOx1 or ChAdOx2 May. In order to measure MAYV neutralising ability, we have developed a virus replicon particle-based neutralisation assay which effectively detected neutralising antibodies against MAYV. In summary, our study indicates the potential for further clinical development of the viral vectored MAYV vaccines against MAYV infections.
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4
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Šošić L, Paolucci M, Duda A, Hasler F, Walton SM, Kündig TM, Johansen P. Kinetics and persistence of anti-SARS-CoV-2 neutralisation and antibodies after BNT162b2 vaccination in a Swiss cohort. Immun Inflamm Dis 2022; 10:e583. [PMID: 34965032 PMCID: PMC8926495 DOI: 10.1002/iid3.583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2021] [Revised: 11/25/2021] [Accepted: 12/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Since the emergence of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2), substantial effort has been made to gain knowledge about the immunity elicited by infection or vaccination. Methods We studied the kinetics of antibodies and virus neutralisation induced by vaccination with BNT162b2 in a Swiss cohort of SARS‐CoV‐2 naïve (n = 40) and convalescent (n = 9) persons. Blood sera were analysed in a live virus neutralisation assay and specific IgG and IgA levels were measured by enzyme‐linked immunoassay and analysed by descriptive statistics. Results Virus neutralisation was detected in all individuals 2–4 weeks after the second vaccine. Both neutralisation and antibodies remained positive for >4 months. Neutralisation and antibodies showed positive correlation, but immunoglobulin G (IgG) and immunoglobulin A (IgA) seroconversion took place 2–4 weeks faster than neutralisation. Spike‐protein specific IgG levels rose significantly faster and were more stable over time than virus neutralisation titres or IgA responses. For naïve but not convalescent persons, a clear boosting effect was observed. Convalescent individuals showed faster, more robust and longer‐lasting immune responses after vaccination compared to noninfected persons. No threshold could be determined for spike protein‐specific IgG or IgA that would confer protection in the neutralisation assay, implicating the need for a better correlate of protection then antibody titres alone. Conclusions This study clearly shows the complex translation of antibody data and virus neutralisation, while supporting the evidence of a single dose being sufficient for effective antibody response in convalescent individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lara Šošić
- Department of Dermatology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Marta Paolucci
- Department of Dermatology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Agathe Duda
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Fabio Hasler
- Department of Dermatology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Senta M Walton
- Department of Dermatology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.,Research & Development, Saiba Biotech, Pfaeffikon, Switzerland
| | - Thomas M Kündig
- Department of Dermatology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.,Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Pål Johansen
- Department of Dermatology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.,Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
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5
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Durand GA, de Laval F, de Bonet d'Oléon A, Le Flem FX, Morin Y, Badaut C, Grard G, Brossier C, Fossier M, Dia A, Letois F, Geulen M, Piorkowski G, Meynard JB, Peduzzi F, Leparc-Goffart I, Pommier de Santi V. COVID-19 outbreak among French firefighters, Marseille, France, 2020. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2021; 26. [PMID: 34651571 PMCID: PMC8518307 DOI: 10.2807/1560-7917.es.2021.26.41.2001676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
We investigated a COVID-19 outbreak at a fire station in Marseille, France. Confirmed cases were defined as individuals with positive SARS-CoV-2 reverse transcription (RT)-PCR and/or neutralising antibodies. All 85 firefighters at work during the outbreak period were included after questioning and sampled for RT-PCR and viral neutralisation assay. Twenty-three firefighters were confirmed positive, 19 of them were symptomatic, and four asymptomatic cases were confirmed by virus neutralisation. A total of 22 firefighters had specific neutralising antibodies against SARS-CoV-2. Neutralising antibodies were found in four asymptomatic and 18 symptomatic cases. Eleven symptomatic cases had high titres (≥ 1:80). The earliest detection of neutralising antibodies was 7 days after symptom onset, and 80% had neutralising antibodies 15 days after onset. One viral culture was positive 13 days after onset. The attack rate was 27%. We identified two introductions of the virus in this outbreak, through a presymptomatic and a paucisymptomatic case. Asymptomatic cases were not the source of a third generation of cases, although they worked without wearing a mask, indicating that asymptomatic cases did not play a significant role in this outbreak. Management and strategy based on early research of clinical signs associated with self-quarantine was effective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guillaume André Durand
- French Armed Forces Biomedical Research Institute, National Reference Laboratory for Arboviruses, Marseille, France.,Unité des Virus Émergents (UVE: Aix-Marseille Univ-IRD 190-Inserm 1207), Marseille, France
| | - Franck de Laval
- French Military Health Service, French Armed Forces Centre for Epidemiology and Public Health (CESPA), Marseille, France.,Aix-Marseille University, INSERM, IRD, SESSTIM (Economic and Social Sciences, Health Systems, and Medical Informatics), Marseille, France
| | - Albane de Bonet d'Oléon
- French Military Health Service, French Armed Forces Centre for Epidemiology and Public Health (CESPA), Marseille, France
| | - François Xavier Le Flem
- Marseille Battalion of Navy Firefighters, 9 boulevard de Strasbourg, 13233 Marseille Cedex 20, France
| | - Yann Morin
- French Military Health Service, French Armed Forces Centre for Epidemiology and Public Health (CESPA), Marseille, France
| | - Cyril Badaut
- Unité des Virus Émergents (UVE: Aix-Marseille Univ-IRD 190-Inserm 1207), Marseille, France.,Microbiology and Infectious Diseases Department, Institut de Recherche Biomédicale des Armées (IRBA), Brétigny-sur-Orge Cedex, France
| | - Gilda Grard
- French Armed Forces Biomedical Research Institute, National Reference Laboratory for Arboviruses, Marseille, France.,Unité des Virus Émergents (UVE: Aix-Marseille Univ-IRD 190-Inserm 1207), Marseille, France
| | - Constance Brossier
- French Military Health Service, French Armed Forces Centre for Epidemiology and Public Health (CESPA), Marseille, France
| | - Marion Fossier
- French Military Health Service, French Armed Forces Centre for Epidemiology and Public Health (CESPA), Marseille, France
| | - Aissata Dia
- French Military Health Service, French Armed Forces Centre for Epidemiology and Public Health (CESPA), Marseille, France
| | - Flavie Letois
- French Military Health Service, French Armed Forces Centre for Epidemiology and Public Health (CESPA), Marseille, France
| | - Manon Geulen
- French Armed Forces Biomedical Research Institute, National Reference Laboratory for Arboviruses, Marseille, France.,Unité des Virus Émergents (UVE: Aix-Marseille Univ-IRD 190-Inserm 1207), Marseille, France
| | - Géraldine Piorkowski
- Unité des Virus Émergents (UVE: Aix-Marseille Univ-IRD 190-Inserm 1207), Marseille, France
| | - Jean-Baptiste Meynard
- French Military Health Service, French Armed Forces Centre for Epidemiology and Public Health (CESPA), Marseille, France
| | - Frank Peduzzi
- Marseille Battalion of Navy Firefighters, 9 boulevard de Strasbourg, 13233 Marseille Cedex 20, France
| | - Isabelle Leparc-Goffart
- French Armed Forces Biomedical Research Institute, National Reference Laboratory for Arboviruses, Marseille, France.,Unité des Virus Émergents (UVE: Aix-Marseille Univ-IRD 190-Inserm 1207), Marseille, France
| | - Vincent Pommier de Santi
- French Military Health Service, French Armed Forces Centre for Epidemiology and Public Health (CESPA), Marseille, France.,University Hospital Institute Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France.,Aix-Marseille University, IRD, AP-HM, SSA, VITROME, Marseille, France
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6
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Rowntree LC, Chua BY, Nicholson S, Koutsakos M, Hensen L, Douros C, Selva K, Mordant FL, Wong CY, Habel JR, Zhang W, Jia X, Allen L, Doolan DL, Jackson DC, Wheatley AK, Kent SJ, Amanat F, Krammer F, Subbarao K, Cheng AC, Chung AW, Catton M, Nguyen THO, van de Sandt CE, Kedzierska K. Robust correlations across six SARS-CoV-2 serology assays detecting distinct antibody features. Clin Transl Immunology 2021; 10:e1258. [PMID: 33680466 PMCID: PMC7916820 DOI: 10.1002/cti2.1258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2021] [Revised: 02/01/2021] [Accepted: 02/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES As the world transitions into a new era of the COVID-19 pandemic in which vaccines become available, there is an increasing demand for rapid reliable serological testing to identify individuals with levels of immunity considered protective by infection or vaccination. METHODS We used 34 SARS-CoV-2 samples to perform a rapid surrogate virus neutralisation test (sVNT), applicable to many laboratories as it circumvents the need for biosafety level-3 containment. We correlated results from the sVNT with five additional commonly used SARS-CoV-2 serology techniques: the microneutralisation test (MNT), in-house ELISAs, commercial Euroimmun- and Wantai-based ELISAs (RBD, spike and nucleoprotein; IgG, IgA and IgM), antigen-binding avidity, and high-throughput multiplex analyses to profile isotype, subclass and Fc effector binding potential. We correlated antibody levels with antibody-secreting cell (ASC) and circulatory T follicular helper (cTfh) cell numbers. RESULTS Antibody data obtained with commercial ELISAs closely reflected results using in-house ELISAs against RBD and spike. A correlation matrix across ten measured ELISA parameters revealed positive correlations for all factors. The frequency of inhibition by rapid sVNT strongly correlated with spike-specific IgG and IgA titres detected by both commercial and in-house ELISAs, and MNT titres. Multiplex analyses revealed strongest correlations between IgG, IgG1, FcR and C1q specific to spike and RBD. Acute cTfh-type 1 cell numbers correlated with spike and RBD-specific IgG antibodies measured by ELISAs and sVNT. CONCLUSION Our comprehensive analyses provide important insights into SARS-CoV-2 humoral immunity across distinct serology assays and their applicability for specific research and/or diagnostic questions to assess SARS-CoV-2-specific humoral responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Louise C Rowntree
- Department of Microbiology and ImmunologyUniversity of Melbourne, at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and ImmunityMelbourneVICAustralia
| | - Brendon Y Chua
- Department of Microbiology and ImmunologyUniversity of Melbourne, at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and ImmunityMelbourneVICAustralia
- Global Station for Zoonosis ControlGlobal Institution for Collaborative Research and Education (GI‐CoRE)Hokkaido UniversitySapporoHokkaidoJapan
| | - Suellen Nicholson
- Victorian Infectious Diseases Reference LaboratoryThe Royal Melbourne Hospital at The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and ImmunityMelbourneVICAustralia
| | - Marios Koutsakos
- Department of Microbiology and ImmunologyUniversity of Melbourne, at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and ImmunityMelbourneVICAustralia
| | - Luca Hensen
- Department of Microbiology and ImmunologyUniversity of Melbourne, at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and ImmunityMelbourneVICAustralia
| | - Celia Douros
- Victorian Infectious Diseases Reference LaboratoryThe Royal Melbourne Hospital at The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and ImmunityMelbourneVICAustralia
| | - Kevin Selva
- Department of Microbiology and ImmunologyUniversity of Melbourne, at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and ImmunityMelbourneVICAustralia
| | - Francesca L Mordant
- Department of Microbiology and ImmunologyUniversity of Melbourne, at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and ImmunityMelbourneVICAustralia
| | - Chinn Yi Wong
- Department of Microbiology and ImmunologyUniversity of Melbourne, at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and ImmunityMelbourneVICAustralia
| | - Jennifer R Habel
- Department of Microbiology and ImmunologyUniversity of Melbourne, at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and ImmunityMelbourneVICAustralia
| | - Wuji Zhang
- Department of Microbiology and ImmunologyUniversity of Melbourne, at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and ImmunityMelbourneVICAustralia
| | - Xiaoxiao Jia
- Department of Microbiology and ImmunologyUniversity of Melbourne, at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and ImmunityMelbourneVICAustralia
| | - Lily Allen
- Department of Microbiology and ImmunologyUniversity of Melbourne, at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and ImmunityMelbourneVICAustralia
| | - Denise L Doolan
- Centre for Molecular TherapeuticsAustralian Institute of Tropical Health & MedicineJames Cook UniversityCairnsQLDAustralia
| | - David C Jackson
- Department of Microbiology and ImmunologyUniversity of Melbourne, at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and ImmunityMelbourneVICAustralia
- Global Station for Zoonosis ControlGlobal Institution for Collaborative Research and Education (GI‐CoRE)Hokkaido UniversitySapporoHokkaidoJapan
| | - Adam K Wheatley
- Department of Microbiology and ImmunologyUniversity of Melbourne, at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and ImmunityMelbourneVICAustralia
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Convergent Bio‐Nano Science and TechnologyUniversity of MelbourneMelbourneVICAustralia
| | - Stephen J Kent
- Department of Microbiology and ImmunologyUniversity of Melbourne, at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and ImmunityMelbourneVICAustralia
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Convergent Bio‐Nano Science and TechnologyUniversity of MelbourneMelbourneVICAustralia
- Infectious Diseases DepartmentMelbourne Sexual Health CentreAlfred HealthCentral Clinical SchoolMonash UniversityMelbourneVICAustralia
| | - Fatima Amanat
- Department of MicrobiologyIcahn School of Medicine at Mount SinaiNew YorkNYUSA
- Graduate School of Biomedical SciencesIcahn School of Medicine at Mount SinaiNew YorkNYUSA
| | - Florian Krammer
- Department of MicrobiologyIcahn School of Medicine at Mount SinaiNew YorkNYUSA
| | - Kanta Subbarao
- Department of Microbiology and ImmunologyUniversity of Melbourne, at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and ImmunityMelbourneVICAustralia
- World Health Organisation (WHO) Collaborating Centre for Reference and Research on Influenza, at The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and ImmunityMelbourneVICAustralia
| | - Allen C Cheng
- School of Public Health and Preventive MedicineMonash UniversityMelbourneVICAustralia
- Infection Prevention and Healthcare Epidemiology UnitAlfred HealthMelbourneVICAustralia
| | - Amy W Chung
- Department of Microbiology and ImmunologyUniversity of Melbourne, at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and ImmunityMelbourneVICAustralia
| | - Mike Catton
- Victorian Infectious Diseases Reference LaboratoryThe Royal Melbourne Hospital at The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and ImmunityMelbourneVICAustralia
| | - Thi HO Nguyen
- Department of Microbiology and ImmunologyUniversity of Melbourne, at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and ImmunityMelbourneVICAustralia
| | - Carolien E van de Sandt
- Department of Microbiology and ImmunologyUniversity of Melbourne, at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and ImmunityMelbourneVICAustralia
- Department of HematopoiesisSanquin Research and Landsteiner LaboratoryAmsterdam UMCUniversity of AmsterdamAmsterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Katherine Kedzierska
- Department of Microbiology and ImmunologyUniversity of Melbourne, at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and ImmunityMelbourneVICAustralia
- Global Station for Zoonosis ControlGlobal Institution for Collaborative Research and Education (GI‐CoRE)Hokkaido UniversitySapporoHokkaidoJapan
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7
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Scott SD, Kinsley R, Temperton N, Daly JM. The Optimisation of Pseudotyped Viruses for the Characterisation of Immune Responses to Equine Influenza Virus. Pathogens 2016; 5:pathogens5040068. [PMID: 27983716 PMCID: PMC5198168 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens5040068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2016] [Revised: 11/20/2016] [Accepted: 12/04/2016] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Pseudotyped viruses (PVs) produced by co-transfecting cells with plasmids expressing lentiviral core proteins and viral envelope proteins are potentially powerful tools for studying various aspects of equine influenza virus (EIV) biology. The aim of this study was to optimise production of equine influenza PVs. Co-transfection of the HAT protease to activate the haemagglutinin (HA) yielded a higher titre PV than TMPRSS2 with the HA from A/equine/Richmond/1/2007 (H3N8), whereas for A/equine/Newmarket/79 (H3N8), both proteases resulted in equivalent titres. TMPRSS4 was ineffective with the HA of either strain. There was also an inverse relationship between the amount of protease-expression plasmids and the PV titre obtained. Interestingly, the PV titre obtained by co-transfection of a plasmid encoding the cognate N8 NA was not as high as that generated by the addition of exogenous neuraminidase (NA) from Clostridium perfringens to allow the release of nascent PV particles. Finally, initial characterisation of the reliability of PV neutralisation tests (PVNTs) demonstrated good intra-laboratory repeatability. In conclusion, we have demonstrated that equine influenza PV production can be readily optimised to provide a flexible tool for studying EIV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon D Scott
- Viral Pseudotype Unit, School of Pharmacy, University of Kent, Central Avenue, Chatham Maritime ME4 4TB, UK.
| | - Rebecca Kinsley
- Viral Pseudotype Unit, School of Pharmacy, University of Kent, Central Avenue, Chatham Maritime ME4 4TB, UK.
| | - Nigel Temperton
- Viral Pseudotype Unit, School of Pharmacy, University of Kent, Central Avenue, Chatham Maritime ME4 4TB, UK.
| | - Janet M Daly
- School of Veterinary Medicine and Science, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington LE12 5RD, UK.
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