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Gallen C, Dukes CW, Aldrich A, Macaisa L, Mo Q, Cubitt CL, Pilon-Thomas S, Giuliano AR, Czerniecki BJ, Costa RLB. Long-Term CD4 + T-Cell and Immunoglobulin G Immune Responses in Oncology Workers following COVID-19 Vaccination: An Interim Analysis of a Prospective Cohort Study. Vaccines (Basel) 2022; 10:1931. [PMID: 36423026 PMCID: PMC9696551 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines10111931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2022] [Revised: 11/07/2022] [Accepted: 11/09/2022] [Indexed: 09/08/2023] Open
Abstract
We conducted a prospective study to evaluate immune responses to SARS-CoV-2 in oncology workers in which we collected blood and clinical data every 6 months. Spike-specific CD4+ T-cells and immunoglobulin G responses were measured using interferon-gamma enzyme-linked immunosorbent spot and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, respectively. Sixty (81%) vaccinated and 14 (19%) unvaccinated individuals were enrolled. CD4+ T-cell responses of those individuals currently naturally infected were comparable to those who were 6 months from receiving their last dose of the vaccine; both responses were significantly higher than among those who were unvaccinated. Unvaccinated participants who became vaccinated while in the study showed a significant increase in both types of spike-specific immune responses. Previously vaccinated individuals who received a third dose (booster) showed a similar response to the spike protein. However, this response decreases as soon as 3 months but does not dip below the established response following two doses. Response to variants of concern B.1.617.2 (Delta) and B.1.1.529 (Omicron) also increased, with the Omicron variant having a significantly lower response when compared to Delta and the wild type. We conclude that antibody and T-cell responses increase in oncology workers after serial vaccination but can wane over time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Corey Gallen
- Department of Clinical Science, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
| | | | - Amy Aldrich
- Department of Clinical Science, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
| | - Lauren Macaisa
- Department of Clinical Science, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
| | - Qianxing Mo
- Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
| | | | - Shari Pilon-Thomas
- Department of Immunology, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
- Center for Immunization and Infection Research in Cancer, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
| | - Anna R. Giuliano
- Center for Immunization and Infection Research in Cancer, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
- Department of Cancer Epidemiology, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
| | - Brian J. Czerniecki
- Department of Clinical Science, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
- Department of Immunology, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
- Department of Breast Oncology, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
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