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Geng D, Zhou Y, Wang M. Advances in the role of GPX3 in ovarian cancer (Review). Int J Oncol 2024; 64:31. [PMID: 38299269 PMCID: PMC10836493 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2024.5619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2023] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 02/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Ovarian cancer (OC) is the 5th most common malignancy in women, and the leading cause of death from gynecologic malignancies. Owing to tumor heterogeneity, lack of reliable early diagnostic methods and high incidence of chemotherapy resistance, the 5‑year survival rate of patients with advanced OC remains low despite considerable advances in detection and therapeutic approaches. Therefore, identifying novel therapeutic targets to improve the prognosis of patients with OC is crucial. The expression of glutathione peroxidase 3 (GPX3) plays a crucial role in the growth, proliferation and differentiation of various malignant tumors. In OC, GPX3 is the only antioxidant enzyme the high expression of which is negatively correlated with the overall survival of patients. GPX3 may affect lipid metabolism in tumor stem cells by influencing redox homeostasis in the tumor microenvironment. The maintenance of stemness in OC stem cells (OCSCs) is strongly associated with poor prognosis and recurrence in patients. The aim of the present study was to review the role of GPX3 in OC and investigate the potential factors and effects of GPX3 on OCSCs. The findings of the current study offer novel potential targets for drug therapy in OC, enhance the theoretical foundation of OC drug therapy and provide valuable references for clinical treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danbo Geng
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110000, P.R. China
| | - Yingying Zhou
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110000, P.R. China
| | - Min Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110000, P.R. China
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2
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Alam S, Giri PK. Novel players in the development of chemoresistance in ovarian cancer: ovarian cancer stem cells, non-coding RNA and nuclear receptors. Cancer Drug Resist 2024; 7:6. [PMID: 38434767 PMCID: PMC10905178 DOI: 10.20517/cdr.2023.152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2023] [Revised: 02/03/2024] [Accepted: 02/22/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024]
Abstract
Ovarian cancer (OC) ranks as the fifth leading factor for female mortality globally, with a substantial burden of new cases and mortality recorded annually. Survival rates vary significantly based on the stage of diagnosis, with advanced stages posing significant challenges to treatment. OC is primarily categorized as epithelial, constituting approximately 90% of cases, and correct staging is essential for tailored treatment. The debulking followed by chemotherapy is the prevailing treatment, involving platinum-based drugs in combination with taxanes. However, the efficacy of chemotherapy is hindered by the development of chemoresistance, both acquired during treatment (acquired chemoresistance) and intrinsic to the patient (intrinsic chemoresistance). The emergence of chemoresistance leads to increased mortality rates, with many advanced patients experiencing disease relapse shortly after initial treatment. This review delves into the multifactorial nature of chemoresistance in OC, addressing mechanisms involving transport systems, apoptosis, DNA repair, and ovarian cancer stem cells (OCSCs). While previous research has identified genes associated with these mechanisms, the regulatory roles of non-coding RNA (ncRNA) and nuclear receptors in modulating gene expression to confer chemoresistance have remained poorly understood and underexplored. This comprehensive review aims to shed light on the genes linked to different chemoresistance mechanisms in OC and their intricate regulation by ncRNA and nuclear receptors. Specifically, we examine how these molecular players influence the chemoresistance mechanism. By exploring the interplay between these factors and gene expression regulation, this review seeks to provide a comprehensive mechanism driving chemoresistance in OC.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Pankaj Kumar Giri
- Faculty of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, South Asian University, New Delhi 110068, India
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3
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Wilczyński JR, Wilczyński M, Paradowska E. "DEPHENCE" system-a novel regimen of therapy that is urgently needed in the high-grade serous ovarian cancer-a focus on anti-cancer stem cell and anti-tumor microenvironment targeted therapies. Front Oncol 2023; 13:1201497. [PMID: 37448521 PMCID: PMC10338102 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1201497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2023] [Accepted: 06/07/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Ovarian cancer, especially high-grade serous type, is the most lethal gynecological malignancy. The lack of screening programs and the scarcity of symptomatology result in the late diagnosis in about 75% of affected women. Despite very demanding and aggressive surgical treatment, multiple-line chemotherapy regimens and both approved and clinically tested targeted therapies, the overall survival of patients is still unsatisfactory and disappointing. Research studies have recently brought some more understanding of the molecular diversity of the ovarian cancer, its unique intraperitoneal biology, the role of cancer stem cells, and the complexity of tumor microenvironment. There is a growing body of evidence that individualization of the treatment adjusted to the molecular and biochemical signature of the tumor as well as to the medical status of the patient should replace or supplement the foregoing therapy. In this review, we have proposed the principles of the novel regimen of the therapy that we called the "DEPHENCE" system, and we have extensively discussed the results of the studies focused on the ovarian cancer stem cells, other components of cancer metastatic niche, and, finally, clinical trials targeting these two environments. Through this, we have tried to present the evolving landscape of treatment options and put flesh on the experimental approach to attack the high-grade serous ovarian cancer multidirectionally, corresponding to the "DEPHENCE" system postulates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacek R Wilczyński
- Department of Gynecological Surgery and Gynecological Oncology, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | - Miłosz Wilczyński
- Department of Gynecological, Endoscopic and Oncological Surgery, Polish Mother's Health Center-Research Institute, Lodz, Poland
- Department of Surgical and Endoscopic Gynecology, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | - Edyta Paradowska
- Laboratory of Virology, Institute of Medical Biology of the Polish Academy of Sciences, Lodz, Poland
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4
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Zou M, Yin X, Zhou X, Niu X, Wang Y, Su M. Salinomycin-Loaded High-Density Lipoprotein Exerts Promising Anti-Ovarian Cancer Effects by Inhibiting Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition. Int J Nanomedicine 2022; 17:4059-4071. [PMID: 36105618 PMCID: PMC9467852 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s380598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Accepted: 08/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Effective treatments for ovarian cancer remain elusive, and survival rates have long been considered grim. Ovarian cancer stem cells (OCSCs) and epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT) are associated with cancer progression and metastasis, as well as drug resistance and eventual treatment failure. Salinomycin (Sal) has an extensive effect on a variety of cancer stem cells (CSCs); however, its poor water solubility and toxicity to healthy tissues at high doses limit further research into its potential as an anti-cancer drug. We proposed a therapeutic strategy by constructing a tumor-targeting carrier that mimics high-density lipoprotein (HDL) to synthesize salinomycin-loaded high-density lipoprotein (S-HDL). This strategy helps reduce the side effects of salinomycin, thereby improving its clinical benefits. Methods OCSCs were isolated from ovarian cancer cells (OCCs) and the uptake of HDL nanoparticles was observed using laser confocal microscopes. After the cell viability analysis revealed the inhibitory effect of S-HDL on OCCs and OCSCs, the main biological processes influenced by S-HDL were predicted with a transcriptome sequencing analysis and verified in vitro and in vivo. Results Cellular uptake analysis showed that the HDL delivery system was able to significantly enhance the uptake of Sal by OCCs, tentatively validating the targeting role of recombinant HDL, so that S-HDL could reduce the toxicity of Sal and increase its anti-ovarian cancer effects. Conversely, S-HDL could exert anti-ovarian cancer effects by inhibiting the proliferation of OCCs and OCSCs, promoting apoptosis, blocking EMT, and suppressing stemness and angiogenesis-related protein expression in vitro and in vivo. Conclusion S-HDL had stronger anti-ovarian cancer effects than unencapsulated Sal. Thus, it may be a potential agent for ovarian cancer treatment in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miao Zou
- Department of Regenerative Medicine, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jilin University, ChangChun, People's Republic of China
| | - Xirui Yin
- Department of Regenerative Medicine, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jilin University, ChangChun, People's Republic of China
| | - Xuan Zhou
- Department of Regenerative Medicine, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jilin University, ChangChun, People's Republic of China
| | - Xinhui Niu
- Department of Regenerative Medicine, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jilin University, ChangChun, People's Republic of China
| | - Yi Wang
- Department of Regenerative Medicine, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jilin University, ChangChun, People's Republic of China
| | - Manman Su
- Department of Regenerative Medicine, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jilin University, ChangChun, People's Republic of China
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Wilczyński JR, Wilczyński M, Paradowska E. Cancer Stem Cells in Ovarian Cancer-A Source of Tumor Success and a Challenging Target for Novel Therapies. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23052496. [PMID: 35269636 PMCID: PMC8910575 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23052496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2022] [Revised: 02/20/2022] [Accepted: 02/22/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Ovarian cancer is the most lethal neoplasm of the female genital organs. Despite indisputable progress in the treatment of ovarian cancer, the problems of chemo-resistance and recurrent disease are the main obstacles for successful therapy. One of the main reasons for this is the presence of a specific cell population of cancer stem cells. The aim of this review is to show the most contemporary knowledge concerning the biology of ovarian cancer stem cells (OCSCs) and their impact on chemo-resistance and prognosis in ovarian cancer patients, as well as to present the treatment options targeted exclusively on the OCSCs. The review presents data concerning the role of cancer stem cells in general and then concentrates on OCSCs. The surface and intracellular OCSCs markers and their meaning both for cancer biology and clinical prognosis, signaling pathways specifically activated in OCSCs, the genetic and epigenetic regulation of OCSCs function including the recent studies on the non-coding RNA regulation, cooperation between OCSCs and the tumor microenvironment (ovarian cancer niche) including very specific environment such as ascites fluid, the role of shear stress, autophagy and metabolic changes for the function of OCSCs, and finally mechanisms of OCSCs escape from immune surveillance, are described and discussed extensively. The possibilities of anti-OCSCs therapy both in experimental settings and in clinical trials are presented, including the recent II phase clinical trials and immunotherapy. OCSCs are a unique population of cancer cells showing a great plasticity, self-renewal potential and resistance against anti-cancer treatment. They are responsible for the progression and recurrence of the tumor. Several completed and ongoing clinical trials have tested different anti-OCSCs drugs which, however, have shown unsatisfactory efficacy in most cases. We propose a novel approach to ovarian cancer diagnosis and therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacek R Wilczyński
- Department of Gynecological Surgery and Gynecological Oncology, Medical University of Lodz, 4 Kosciuszki Str., 90-419 Lodz, Poland
- Correspondence:
| | - Miłosz Wilczyński
- Department of Gynecological, Endoscopic and Oncological Surgery, Polish Mother’s Health Center—Research Institute, 281/289 Rzgowska Str., 93-338 Lodz, Poland;
- Department of Surgical and Endoscopic Gynecology, Medical University of Lodz, 4 Kosciuszki Str., 90-419 Lodz, Poland
| | - Edyta Paradowska
- Laboratory of Virology, Institute of Medical Biology of the Polish Academy of Sciences, 106 Lodowa Str., 93-232 Lodz, Poland;
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Wang K, Liu S, Dou Z, Zhang S, Yang X. Loss of Krüppel-like factor 9 facilitates stemness in ovarian cancer ascites-derived multicellular spheroids via Notch1/slug signaling. Cancer Sci 2021; 112:4220-4233. [PMID: 34363722 PMCID: PMC8486214 DOI: 10.1111/cas.15100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2021] [Revised: 08/01/2021] [Accepted: 08/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The ascites that develops in advanced OC, both at diagnosis and upon recurrence, is a rich source of multicellular spheroids/aggregates (MCSs/MCAs), which are the major seeds of tumor cell dissemination within the abdominal cavity. However, the molecular mechanism by which specific ascites-derived tumor cells survive and metastasize remains largely unknown. In this study, we elucidated cancer stem cell (CSC) properties of ascites-derived MCSs, concomitant with enhanced malignancy, induced EMT, and low KLF9 (Krüppel-like factor 9) expression, compared with PTCs. KLF9 was also downregulated in OC cell line-derived spheroids and the CD117+ CD44+ subpopulation in MCSs. Functional experiments demonstrated that KLF9 negatively modulated stem-like properties in OC cells. Mechanistic studies revealed that KLF9 reduced the transcriptional expression of Notch1 by directly binding to the Notch1 promoter, thereby inhibiting the function of slug in a CSL-dependent manner. Clinically, expression of KLF9 was associated with histological grade and loss of KLF9 predicts poor prognosis in OC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kun Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Ji'nan, China
| | - Shujie Liu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Ji'nan, China
| | - Zhiyuan Dou
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Ji'nan, China
| | - Shuo Zhang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Ji'nan, China
| | - Xingsheng Yang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Ji'nan, China
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Liufu C, Li Y, Lin Y, Yu J, Du M, Chen Y, Yang Y, Gong X, Chen Z. Synergistic ultrasonic biophysical effect-responsive nanoparticles for enhanced gene delivery to ovarian cancer stem cells. Drug Deliv 2021; 27:1018-1033. [PMID: 32627597 PMCID: PMC8216435 DOI: 10.1080/10717544.2020.1785583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Ovarian cancer stem cells (OCSCs) that are a subpopulation within bulk tumor survive chemotherapy and conduce to chemo-resistance and tumor relapse. However, conventional gene delivery is unsuitable for the on-demand content release, which limits OCSCs therapeutic utility. Here, we reported ultrasound-targeted microbubble destruction (UTMD)-triggerable poly(ethylene glycol)-disulfide bond-polyethylenimine loaded microbubble (PSP@MB). Taking advantage of glutathione (GSH) responsiveness, ultrasound triggering and spatiotemporally controlled release manner, PSP@MB is expected to realize local gene delivery for OCSCs treatment. But the biophysical mechanisms of gene delivery via PSP@MB and ultrasound remain unknown. The aim of this study is to determine the potential of gene delivery to OCSCs via ultrasonic synergistic biophysical effects and GSH-sensitive PSP@MB. The GSH-sensitive disulfide bond cleavable properties of PSP@MB were confirmed by 1H NMR spectra and infrared spectroscopy. The biophysical mechanisms between PSP@MB and cells were confirmed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and confocal laser scanning microscope (CLSM) to optimize the ultrasonic gene delivery system. The gene transfection via ultrasound and PSP@MB was closely related to the biophysical mechanisms (sonoporation, enhanced-endocytosis, sonoprinting, and endosomal escape). Ultrasound combined with PSP@MB successfully delivered aldehyde dehydrogenase 1 (ALDH1) short hairpin RNA (shRNA) plasmid to OCSCs and promoted apoptosis of OCSCs. The gene transfection rate and apoptosis rate were (18.41 ± 2.41)% and (32.62 ± 2.36)% analyzed by flow cytometry separately. This study showed that ultrasound triggering and GSH responsive PSP@MB might provide a novel strategy for OCSCs treatment via sonoporation and enhanced-endocytosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun Liufu
- Department of Ultrasound Medicine, Laboratory of Ultrasound Molecular Imaging, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, The Liwan Hospital of the Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yue Li
- Department of Ultrasound Medicine, Laboratory of Ultrasound Molecular Imaging, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, The Liwan Hospital of the Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yan Lin
- Department of Ultrasound Medicine, Laboratory of Ultrasound Molecular Imaging, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, The Liwan Hospital of the Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jinsui Yu
- Department of Ultrasound Medicine, Laboratory of Ultrasound Molecular Imaging, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, The Liwan Hospital of the Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Meng Du
- Department of Ultrasound Medicine, Laboratory of Ultrasound Molecular Imaging, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, The Liwan Hospital of the Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yuhao Chen
- Department of Ultrasound Medicine, Laboratory of Ultrasound Molecular Imaging, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, The Liwan Hospital of the Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yaozhang Yang
- Department of Ultrasound Medicine, Laboratory of Ultrasound Molecular Imaging, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, The Liwan Hospital of the Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaojing Gong
- Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen University Town, Shenzhen, China
| | - Zhiyi Chen
- Department of Ultrasound Medicine, Laboratory of Ultrasound Molecular Imaging, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, The Liwan Hospital of the Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
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Lee H, Kwon OB, Lee JE, Jeon YH, Lee DS, Min SH, Kim JW. Repositioning Trimebutine Maleate as a Cancer Treatment Targeting Ovarian Cancer Stem Cells. Cells 2021; 10:cells10040918. [PMID: 33923707 PMCID: PMC8072797 DOI: 10.3390/cells10040918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2021] [Revised: 04/08/2021] [Accepted: 04/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The overall five-year survival rate for late-stage patients of ovarian cancer is below 29% due to disease recurrence and drug resistance. Cancer stem cells (CSCs) are known as a major contributor to drug resistance and recurrence. Accordingly, therapies targeting ovarian CSCs are needed to overcome the limitations of present treatments. This study evaluated the effect of trimebutine maleate (TM) targeting ovarian CSCs, using A2780-SP cells acquired by a sphere culture of A2780 epithelial ovarian cancer cells. TM is indicated as a gastrointestinal motility modulator and is known to as a peripheral opioid receptor agonist and a blocker for various channels. The GI50 of TM was approximately 0.4 µM in A2780-SP cells but over 100 µM in A2780 cells, demonstrating CSCs specific growth inhibition. TM induced G0/G1 arrest and increased the AV+/PI+ dead cell population in the A2780-SP samples. Furthermore, TM treatment significantly reduced tumor growth in A2780-SP xenograft mice. Voltage gated calcium channels (VGCC) and calcium-activated potassium channels (BKCa) were overexpressed on ovarian CSCs and targeted by TM; inhibition of both channels reduced A2780-SP cells viability. TM reduced stemness-related protein expression; this tendency was reproduced by the simultaneous inhibition of VGCC and BKCa compared to single channel inhibition. In addition, TM suppressed the Wnt/β-catenin, Notch, and Hedgehog pathways which contribute to many CSCs characteristics. Specifically, further suppression of the Wnt/β-catenin pathway by simultaneous inhibition of BKCa and VGCC is necessary for the effective and selective action of TM. Taken together, TM is a potential therapeutic drug for preventing ovarian cancer recurrence and drug resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heejin Lee
- New Drug Development Center, DGMIF, 80 Chumbok-ro, Dong-gu, Daegu 41061, Korea; (H.L.); (O.-B.K.)
- BK21 Plus KNU Creative BioResearch Group, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Korea
| | - Oh-Bin Kwon
- New Drug Development Center, DGMIF, 80 Chumbok-ro, Dong-gu, Daegu 41061, Korea; (H.L.); (O.-B.K.)
| | - Jae-Eon Lee
- Laboratory Animal Center, DGMIF, 80 Chumbok-ro, Dong-gu, Daegu 41061, Korea; (J.-E.L.); (Y.-H.J.)
| | - Yong-Hyun Jeon
- Laboratory Animal Center, DGMIF, 80 Chumbok-ro, Dong-gu, Daegu 41061, Korea; (J.-E.L.); (Y.-H.J.)
| | - Dong-Seok Lee
- BK21 Plus KNU Creative BioResearch Group, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Korea
- Correspondence: (D.-S.L.); (S.-H.M.); (J.-W.K.); Tel.: +82-53-950-7366 (D.-S.L.); +82-53-790-5228 (S.-H.M.); +82-53-790-5251 (J.W.K.)
| | - Sang-Hyun Min
- New Drug Development Center, DGMIF, 80 Chumbok-ro, Dong-gu, Daegu 41061, Korea; (H.L.); (O.-B.K.)
- BK21 Plus KNU Creative BioResearch Group, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Korea
- Correspondence: (D.-S.L.); (S.-H.M.); (J.-W.K.); Tel.: +82-53-950-7366 (D.-S.L.); +82-53-790-5228 (S.-H.M.); +82-53-790-5251 (J.W.K.)
| | - Jun-Woo Kim
- New Drug Development Center, DGMIF, 80 Chumbok-ro, Dong-gu, Daegu 41061, Korea; (H.L.); (O.-B.K.)
- BK21 Plus KNU Creative BioResearch Group, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Korea
- Correspondence: (D.-S.L.); (S.-H.M.); (J.-W.K.); Tel.: +82-53-950-7366 (D.-S.L.); +82-53-790-5228 (S.-H.M.); +82-53-790-5251 (J.W.K.)
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Casagrande N, Borghese C, Agostini F, Durante C, Mazzucato M, Colombatti A, Aldinucci D. In Ovarian Cancer Multicellular Spheroids, Platelet Releasate Promotes Growth, Expansion of ALDH+ and CD133+ Cancer Stem Cells, and Protection against the Cytotoxic Effects of Cisplatin, Carboplatin and Paclitaxel. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22063019. [PMID: 33809553 PMCID: PMC7999151 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22063019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2021] [Revised: 03/11/2021] [Accepted: 03/12/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
A high platelet count is associated with a poor prognosis in ovarian cancer (OvCa). Despite good clinical responses with platinating agents in combination with taxanes, numerous OvCa patients relapse due to chemotherapy resistance. Here, we report that treatment of OvCa cells A2780, OVCAR5 and MDAH with releasate from activated platelets (PR) promoted multicellular tumor spheroid (MCTS) formation. These OvCa-MCTSs had increased percentages of CD133+ and aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH)+ cells, bona fide markers of OvCa cancer stem cells (CSCs). PR increased OVCAR5- and MDAH-MCTS viability and decreased the cytotoxic and pro-apoptotic effects of paclitaxel, cisplatin and carboplatin. PR increased the volume of spontaneously formed OVCAR8-MCTSs and counteracted their size reduction due to cisplatin, carboplatin and paclitaxel treatment. PR promoted the survival of ALDH+ and CD133+ OvCa cells during cisplatin, carboplatin and paclitaxel treatment. In conclusion, molecules and growth factors released by activated platelets (EGF, PDGF, TGF-β, IGF and CCL5) may protect tumor cells from chemotherapy by promoting the expansion of ALDH+ and CD133+ OvCa-CSCs, favoring drug resistance and tumor relapse.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naike Casagrande
- Molecular Oncology Unit, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico di Aviano (CRO), IRCCS, 33081 Aviano, Italy; (N.C.); (C.B.); (A.C.)
| | - Cinzia Borghese
- Molecular Oncology Unit, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico di Aviano (CRO), IRCCS, 33081 Aviano, Italy; (N.C.); (C.B.); (A.C.)
| | - Francesco Agostini
- Stem Cell Unit, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico di Aviano (CRO) IRCCS, 33081 Aviano, Italy; (F.A.); (C.D.); (M.M.)
| | - Cristina Durante
- Stem Cell Unit, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico di Aviano (CRO) IRCCS, 33081 Aviano, Italy; (F.A.); (C.D.); (M.M.)
| | - Mario Mazzucato
- Stem Cell Unit, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico di Aviano (CRO) IRCCS, 33081 Aviano, Italy; (F.A.); (C.D.); (M.M.)
| | - Alfonso Colombatti
- Molecular Oncology Unit, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico di Aviano (CRO), IRCCS, 33081 Aviano, Italy; (N.C.); (C.B.); (A.C.)
| | - Donatella Aldinucci
- Molecular Oncology Unit, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico di Aviano (CRO), IRCCS, 33081 Aviano, Italy; (N.C.); (C.B.); (A.C.)
- Correspondence:
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10
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Huang X, Tang J. Human La Protein: An RNA-Binding Protein Involved in Ovarian Cancer Development and Multidrug Resistance. Onco Targets Ther 2020; 13:10721-10727. [PMID: 33132701 PMCID: PMC7592153 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s269983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2020] [Accepted: 09/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Multidrug resistance is the main cause of chemotherapy failure and death in patients with advanced ovarian cancer. Drug resistance is a problem that must be solved to improve the survival rate of patients with advanced ovarian cancer. The RNA-binding protein La and the La-related protein family are highly expressed in various malignant tumors, including ovarian cancer. This article reviews the mechanisms of La protein in tumorigenesis, development, and drug resistance. High La protein expression in tumor cells promotes tumor proliferation, invasion, and migration; disrupts cell cycle; and inhibits tumor cell apoptosis caused by chemotherapeutic drugs through various pathways, resulting in chemotherapy resistance in ovarian cancer. Further study of the role of La protein in ovarian cancer multidrug resistance may be conducive to the development of human La protein-specific inhibitors that suppress ovarian cancer drug resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuan Huang
- Department of Pharmacy, Obstetrics & Gynecology Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai 200011, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing Tang
- Department of Pharmacy, Obstetrics & Gynecology Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai 200011, People's Republic of China
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He M, Wu H, Jiang Q, Liu Y, Han L, Yan Y, Wei B, Liu F, Deng X, Chen H, Zhao L, Wang M, Wu X, Yao W, Zhao H, Chen J, Wei M. Hypoxia-inducible factor-2α directly promotes BCRP expression and mediates the resistance of ovarian cancer stem cells to adriamycin. Mol Oncol 2019; 13:403-421. [PMID: 30536571 PMCID: PMC6360369 DOI: 10.1002/1878-0261.12419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2018] [Revised: 10/27/2018] [Accepted: 11/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Ovarian cancer stem cells (OCSCs) are sources of tumor chemoresistance and recurrence. A hypoxic microenvironment contributes to the chemoresistance of cancer stem cells (CSCs), but the underlying mechanism is not fully understood yet. Here, we show that increased HIF-2α expression is associated with enhanced stemness of OCSCs and poor outcomes in ovarian cancer patients. OVCAR-3 and CAOV-3 sphere-forming (OVCAR-3 S and CAOV-3 S) cells with OCSC-like properties showed strong resistance to adriamycin (ADR). Hypoxia (1% O2 ) induced high expression of both HIF-1α and especially HIF-2α, and increased the resistance of OVCAR-3 S and CAOV-3 S cells to ADR. Notably, treatment with ADR further increased the expression of HIF-2α, but not that of HIF-1α. Knockdown of HIF-2α expression substantially attenuated the resistance of OVCAR-3 S and CAOV-3 S cells to ADR, and the HIF-2α overexpression had the opposite effect. Furthermore, in mouse models xenografted with OCSCs, HIF-2α depletion significantly inhibited tumor growth and sensitized OCSCs to ADR in vivo. Mechanistically, HIF-2α directly promotes transcription/expression of BCRP, a gene encoding a transporter protein responsible for pumping drugs (e.g., ADR) out of cells, which in turn increases drug resistance due to increased drug transportation. Collectively, our studies reveal a novel drug-resistant mechanism in ovarian cancer by which hypoxia (and ADR treatment)-induced HIF-2α overexpression endows OCSCs with resistance to ADR by promoting BCRP expression and ADR transportation. Therefore, targeting the HIF-2α/BCRP axis holds therapeutic potential for treating drug-resistant ovarian cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miao He
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Shenyang, China.,Liaoning Key Laboratory of molecular targeted anti-tumor drug development and evaluation, Shenyang, China
| | - Huizhe Wu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Shenyang, China.,Liaoning Key Laboratory of molecular targeted anti-tumor drug development and evaluation, Shenyang, China
| | - Qian Jiang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Shenyang, China.,Liaoning Key Laboratory of molecular targeted anti-tumor drug development and evaluation, Shenyang, China
| | - Yinuo Liu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Shenyang, China.,Liaoning Key Laboratory of molecular targeted anti-tumor drug development and evaluation, Shenyang, China
| | - Li Han
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Shenyang, China.,Liaoning Key Laboratory of molecular targeted anti-tumor drug development and evaluation, Shenyang, China
| | - Yuanyuan Yan
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Shenyang, China.,Liaoning Key Laboratory of molecular targeted anti-tumor drug development and evaluation, Shenyang, China
| | - Binbin Wei
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Shenyang, China.,Liaoning Key Laboratory of molecular targeted anti-tumor drug development and evaluation, Shenyang, China
| | - Fangxiao Liu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Shenyang, China.,Liaoning Key Laboratory of molecular targeted anti-tumor drug development and evaluation, Shenyang, China
| | - Xiaolan Deng
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Shenyang, China.,Liaoning Key Laboratory of molecular targeted anti-tumor drug development and evaluation, Shenyang, China
| | - Huiying Chen
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Shenyang, China.,Liaoning Key Laboratory of molecular targeted anti-tumor drug development and evaluation, Shenyang, China
| | - Lin Zhao
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Shenyang, China.,Liaoning Key Laboratory of molecular targeted anti-tumor drug development and evaluation, Shenyang, China
| | - Min Wang
- Department of gynaecology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Xin Wu
- Department of gynaecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Weifan Yao
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Shenyang, China.,Liaoning Key Laboratory of molecular targeted anti-tumor drug development and evaluation, Shenyang, China
| | - Haishan Zhao
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Shenyang, China.,Liaoning Key Laboratory of molecular targeted anti-tumor drug development and evaluation, Shenyang, China
| | - Jianjun Chen
- Department of Cancer Biology, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Minjie Wei
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Shenyang, China.,Liaoning Key Laboratory of molecular targeted anti-tumor drug development and evaluation, Shenyang, China
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12
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You Y, Bi FF, Jiang Y, Xu YT, An YY, Li D, Yang Q. BRCA1 affects the resistance and stemness of SKOV3-derived ovarian cancer stem cells by regulating autophagy. Cancer Med 2019; 8:656-668. [PMID: 30636383 PMCID: PMC6382722 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.1975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2018] [Revised: 12/20/2018] [Accepted: 12/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer 1 (BRCA1) and autophagy both play a significant role in drug resistance. However, little is known about the dynamic cross talk between BRCA1 and autophagy in the regulation of drug sensitivity. Here, we investigated the drug resistance-associated regulation of BRCA1 in epithelial ovarian cancer stem cells (EOCSCs). The results indicated that BRCA1 could regulate drug resistance in EOCSCs. Autophagy played a significant role in the stemness maintenance and was a key mechanism underlying the survival against chemotherapy in EOCSCs. Further investigation found that BRCA1 could regulate drug resistance of EOCSCs through autophagy. Meanwhile, changes in the level of autophagy provided feedback regarding the expression of BRCA1. Inhibition of autophagy activity could effectively reduce the resistance of EOCSCs caused by BRCA1. In addition, BRCA1 was able to regulate cellular apoptosis and cell cycle progression under the action of cisplatin through autophagy, indirectly affecting the drug sensitivity of EOCSCs. The present results highlight a novel relationship between BRCA1 and autophagy, which may provide insight into the etiology of BRCA1-associated ovarian cancer, and improve our understanding of resistance mechanisms in ovarian cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue You
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Fang-Fang Bi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Ying Jiang
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Ye-Tao Xu
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Yuan-Yuan An
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Da Li
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Qing Yang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
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13
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Abstract
According to numerous studies, failures in treatment of ovarian cancer, i.e., a relapse and metastases, result from a small population of cancer stem cells (CSCs). They may also be responsible for tumor initiation. Cancer stem cells are resistant to chemoand radiotherapy. Eradication of CSCs may involve the application of salinomycin, metformin and Clostridium perfringens; the effect of anti-angiogenic factors remains controversial. Salinomycin is an antibiotic isolated from Streptomyces albus bacteria. Its CSC-eradicating effect has been demonstrated both in ovarian cancer cell lines and in women with breast cancer. Clostridium perfringens enterotoxin (CPE) has been demonstrated to destroy CSCs in ovarian cancer both in vivo and in vitro. Metformin, apart from its hypoglycemic effect, reduces the CSC population and inhibits the proliferation of neoplastic cells and angiogenesis. Cancer stem cells with expression of VEGFR1+ have been described as affecting circulating cancer cells and influencing the formation of metastases. Both positive and negative effects of anti-angiogenic therapy on the CSC population have been documented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Markowska
- Department of Perinatology and Women's Diseases, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poland
| | - Stefan Sajdak
- Department of Gynecological Surgery, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poland
| | - Adam Huczyński
- Faculty of Chemistry, Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznań, Poland
| | - Sandra Rehlis
- Klinikum Fulda, Universitätsmedizin, Marburg, Germany
| | - Janina Markowska
- Department of Oncology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poland
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14
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Qin W, Xiong Y, Chen J, Huang Y, Liu T. DC-CIK cells derived from ovarian cancer patient menstrual blood activate the TNFR1-ASK1-AIP1 pathway to kill autologous ovarian cancer stem cells. J Cell Mol Med 2018; 22:3364-3376. [PMID: 29566310 PMCID: PMC6010766 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.13611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2017] [Accepted: 02/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Ovarian cancer stem cells (OCSCs) are highly carcinogenic and have very strong resistance to traditional chemotherapeutic drugs; therefore, they are an important factor in ovarian cancer metastasis and recurrence. It has been reported that dendritic cell (DC)-cytokine-induced killer (CIK) cells have significant killing effects on all cancer cells across many systems including the blood, digestive, respiratory, urinary and reproductive systems. However, whether DC-CIK cells can selectively kill OCSCs is currently unclear. In this study, we collected ovarian cancer patient menstrual blood (OCPMB) samples to acquire mononuclear cells and isolated DC-CIK cells in vitro. In addition, autologous CD44+/CD133+ OCSCs were isolated and used as target cells. The experimental results showed that when DC-CIK cells and OCSCs were mixed and cultured in vitro at ratios of 5:1, 10:1 and 50:1, the DC-CIK cells killed significant amounts of OCSCs, inhibited their invasion in vitro and promoted their apoptosis. The qPCR and Western blot results showed that DC-CIK cells stimulated high expression levels and phosphorylation of TNFR1, ASK1, AIP1 and JNK in OCSCs through the release of TNF-α. After the endogenous TNFR1 gene was knocked out in OCSCs using the CRISPR/Cas9 technology, the killing function of DC-CIK cells on target OCSCs was significantly attenuated. The results of the analyses of clinical samples suggested that the TNFR1 expression level was negatively correlated with ovarian cancer stage and prognosis. Therefore, we innovatively confirmed that DC-CIK cells derived from OCPMB could secret TNF-α to activate the expression of the TNFR1-ASK1-AIP1-JNK pathway in OCSCs and kill autologous OCSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenxing Qin
- Department of Clinical OncologyChangzheng HospitalSecond Military Medical UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Ying Xiong
- Department of Gynaecology and ObstetricsXinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University School of MedicineShanghaiChina
| | - Juan Chen
- Gongli Hospital Affiliated to the Second Military Medical University in Pudong New Area of Shanghai CityShanghaiChina
| | | | - Te Liu
- Shanghai Geriatric Institute of Chinese MedicineShanghai University of Traditional Chinese MedicineShanghaiChina
- Department of PathologyYale University School of MedicineNew HavenCTUSA
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15
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Áyen Á, Jiménez Martínez Y, Marchal JA, Boulaiz H. Recent Progress in Gene Therapy for Ovarian Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19071930. [PMID: 29966369 PMCID: PMC6073662 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19071930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2018] [Revised: 06/26/2018] [Accepted: 06/27/2018] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Ovarian cancer is the most lethal gynecological malignancy in developed countries. This is due to the lack of specific symptoms that hinder early diagnosis and to the high relapse rate after treatment with radical surgery and chemotherapy. Hence, novel therapeutic modalities to improve clinical outcomes in ovarian malignancy are needed. Progress in gene therapy has allowed the development of several strategies against ovarian cancer. Most are focused on the design of improved vectors to enhance gene delivery on the one hand, and, on the other hand, on the development of new therapeutic tools based on the restoration or destruction of a deregulated gene, the use of suicide genes, genetic immunopotentiation, the inhibition of tumour angiogenesis, the alteration of pharmacological resistance, and oncolytic virotherapy. In the present manuscript, we review the recent advances made in gene therapy for ovarian cancer, highlighting the latest clinical trials experience, the current challenges and future perspectives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ángela Áyen
- Department of Human Anatomy and Embryology, University of Granada, 18016 Granada, Spain.
| | - Yaiza Jiménez Martínez
- Biopathology and Medicine Regenerative Institute (IBIMER), University of Granada, 18016 Granada, Spain.
- Biosanitary Institute of Granada (ibs.GRANADA), SAS-Universidad de Granada, 18016 Granada, Spain.
| | - Juan A Marchal
- Department of Human Anatomy and Embryology, University of Granada, 18016 Granada, Spain.
- Biopathology and Medicine Regenerative Institute (IBIMER), University of Granada, 18016 Granada, Spain.
- Biosanitary Institute of Granada (ibs.GRANADA), SAS-Universidad de Granada, 18016 Granada, Spain.
- Excellence Research Unit "Modeling Nature" (MNat), University of Granada, 18016 Granada, Spain.
| | - Houria Boulaiz
- Department of Human Anatomy and Embryology, University of Granada, 18016 Granada, Spain.
- Biopathology and Medicine Regenerative Institute (IBIMER), University of Granada, 18016 Granada, Spain.
- Biosanitary Institute of Granada (ibs.GRANADA), SAS-Universidad de Granada, 18016 Granada, Spain.
- Excellence Research Unit "Modeling Nature" (MNat), University of Granada, 18016 Granada, Spain.
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16
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Abou-ElNaga A, Mutawa G, El-Sherbiny IM, Abd-ElGhaffar H, Allam AA, Ajarem J, Mousa SA. Novel Nano-Therapeutic Approach Actively Targets Human Ovarian Cancer Stem Cells after Xenograft into Nude Mice. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:ijms18040813. [PMID: 28417924 PMCID: PMC5412397 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18040813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2017] [Revised: 03/16/2017] [Accepted: 03/24/2017] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The power of tumorigenesis, chemo-resistance and metastasis in malignant ovarian tumors resides in a tiny population of cancer cells known as ovarian cancer stem cells (OCSCs). Developing nano-therapeutic targeting of OCSCs is considered a great challenge. The potential use of poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) nanoparticles (PLGA NPs) was investigated as a drug delivery system for paclitaxel (PTX) against OCSCs in vitro and in vivo. PTX-loaded PLGA NPs were prepared by an emulsion solvent evaporation method, supported by incorporation of folic acid (FA) as the ligand. NPs were characterized for size, surface morphology, drug loading, and encapsulation efficiency. In vitro cytotoxicity of PTX-loaded FA/PLGA NPs was tested against OCSCs with MTT assay. In vivo anti-tumoral efficiency and active targeting potential of prepared NPs against tumors in nude mice were investigated. In vitro results revealed that IC50 of PTX was significantly reduced after loading on PLGA NPs. On the other hand, in vivo results showed that PLGA NPs enhanced the tumor suppression efficiency of PTX. Investigation with real time quantitative PCR analysis revealed the limiting expression of chemo-resistant genes (ABCG2 and MDR1) after applying PLGA NPs as a drug delivery system for PTX. Histopathological examination of tumors showed the effective biological influence of PTX-loaded FA/PLGA NPs through the appearance of reactive lymphoid follicles. Targeting potential of PTX was activated by FA/PLGA NPs through significant preservation of body weight (p < 0.0001) and minimizing the systemic toxicity in healthy tissues. Immunohistochemical investigation revealed a high expression of apoptotic markers in tumor tissue, supporting the targeting effect of FA/PLGA NPs. A drug delivery system based on FA/PLGA NPs can enhance PTX’s in vitro cytotoxicity and in vivo targeting potential against OCSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amoura Abou-ElNaga
- Zoology Department, Faculty of Sciences, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt.
| | - Ghada Mutawa
- Zoology Department, Faculty of Sciences, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt.
| | - Ibrahim M El-Sherbiny
- Center for Materials Science, Zewail City of Science and Technology, Cairo 12588, Egypt.
| | - Hassan Abd-ElGhaffar
- Clinical Pathology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt.
| | - Ahmed A Allam
- Zoology Department, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia.
- Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef 62511, Egypt.
| | - Jamaan Ajarem
- Zoology Department, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Shaker A Mousa
- The Pharmaceutical Research Institute, Albany College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Rensselaer, NY 12144, USA.
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17
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Choi YJ, Park JH, Han JW, Kim E, Jae-Wook O, Lee SY, Kim JH, Gurunathan S. Differential Cytotoxic Potential of Silver Nanoparticles in Human Ovarian Cancer Cells and Ovarian Cancer Stem Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2016; 17:E2077. [PMID: 27973444 PMCID: PMC5187877 DOI: 10.3390/ijms17122077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2016] [Revised: 11/17/2016] [Accepted: 11/30/2016] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
The cancer stem cell (CSC) hypothesis postulates that cancer cells are composed of hierarchically-organized subpopulations of cells with distinct phenotypes and tumorigenic capacities. As a result, CSCs have been suggested as a source of disease recurrence. Recently, silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) have been used as antimicrobial, disinfectant, and antitumor agents. However, there is no study reporting the effects of AgNPs on ovarian cancer stem cells (OvCSCs). In this study, we investigated the cytotoxic effects of AgNPs and their mechanism of causing cell death in A2780 (human ovarian cancer cells) and OvCSCs derived from A2780. In order to examine these effects, OvCSCs were isolated and characterized using positive CSC markers including aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH) and CD133 by fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS). The anticancer properties of the AgNPs were evaluated by assessing cell viability, leakage of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), reactive oxygen species (ROS), and mitochondrial membrane potential (mt-MP). The inhibitory effect of AgNPs on the growth of ovarian cancer cells and OvCSCs was evaluated using a clonogenic assay. Following 1-2 weeks of incubation with the AgNPs, the numbers of A2780 (bulk cells) and ALDH⁺/CD133⁺ colonies were significantly reduced. The expression of apoptotic and anti-apoptotic genes was measured by real-time quantitative reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). Our observations showed that treatment with AgNPs resulted in severe cytotoxicity in both ovarian cancer cells and OvCSCs. In particular, AgNPs showed significant cytotoxic potential in ALDH⁺/CD133⁺ subpopulations of cells compared with other subpopulation of cells and also human ovarian cancer cells (bulk cells). These findings suggest that AgNPs can be utilized in the development of novel nanotherapeutic molecules for the treatment of ovarian cancers by specific targeting of the ALDH⁺/CD133⁺ subpopulation of cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun-Jung Choi
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biotechnology, Konkuk University, Seoul 143-701, Korea.
| | - Jung-Hyun Park
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biotechnology, Konkuk University, Seoul 143-701, Korea.
| | - Jae Woong Han
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biotechnology, Konkuk University, Seoul 143-701, Korea.
| | - Eunsu Kim
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biotechnology, Konkuk University, Seoul 143-701, Korea.
| | - Oh Jae-Wook
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biotechnology, Konkuk University, Seoul 143-701, Korea.
| | - Seung Yoon Lee
- Swine Consulting Group, HanByol Farm Tech, Gyeonggi 463-785, Korea.
| | - Jin-Hoi Kim
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biotechnology, Konkuk University, Seoul 143-701, Korea.
| | - Sangiliyandi Gurunathan
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biotechnology, Konkuk University, Seoul 143-701, Korea.
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18
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Yan H, Sun Y. Evaluation of the mechanism of epithelial-mesenchymal transition in human ovarian cancer stem cells transfected with a WW domain-containing oxidoreductase gene. Oncol Lett 2014; 8:426-430. [PMID: 24959289 PMCID: PMC4063641 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2014.2063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2013] [Accepted: 03/27/2014] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to investigate the impact of the WW domain-containing oxidoreductase (WWOX) gene on the mechanisms underlying epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) in human ovarian cancer stem cells. Western blot analysis was performed to detect the differences in the expression of the EMT markers, E-cadherin, β-catenin, N-cadherin, vimentin and fibronectin, between human ovarian cancer stem cells and the human epithelial ovarian carcinoma cell line, HO-8910. A pcDNA3.1-WWOX eukaryotic expression vector was subsequently transfected into the ovarian cancer stem cells (recombinant plasmid group) or an empty plasmid (empty plasmid group) and non-transfected ovarian cancer stem cells (blank control group) served as the controls. Following the transfection of the WWOX gene, methyl thiazolyl tetrazolium cell viability and Transwell® invasion assays, and western blot analysis were performed to detect changes in the proliferative capability and invasive capacity of ovarian cancer stem cells, as well as the expression of EMT markers and regulatory factors, Elf5 and Snail. The expression levels of E-cadherin and β-catenin in the ovarian cancer stem cells were identified to be significantly lower than those in the HO-8910 cells, whereas the expression levels of N-cadherin, vimentin and fibronectin in the ovarian cancer stem cells were found to be significantly higher than those in the HO-8910 cells. At each time point, the cellular proliferative capacity of the recombinant plasmid group was observed to be significantly lower than that of the empty plasmid or blank control groups (P<0.05 vs. the controls). The number of penetrating cells in the recombinant plasmid, empty plasmid and the blank control groups were 105.5±3.1, 199.7±3.4 and 191.4±4.1, respectively (mean ± standard error of the mean; P<0.05 vs. the controls). In addition, the protein expression of E-cadherin, β-catenin and Elf5 in the recombinant plasmid group was found to be significantly higher than that in the other two groups, whereas the protein expression of N-cadherin, vimentin, fibronectin and Snail in the recombinant plasmid group was significantly lower than that in the other two groups. An EMT exists in ovarian cancer stem cells, and the WWOX gene inhibits the cellular proliferation of ovarian cancer stem cells and reduces their invasive capability. Therefore, the WWOX gene may reverse the EMT in ovarian cancer stem cells by regulating the expression of the EMT regulatory factors, Elf5 and Snail.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongchao Yan
- Department of Oncology, Shandong University School Of Medicine, Jinan, Shandong 250012, P.R. China
| | - Yuping Sun
- Department of Medical Oncology, Jinan Central Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250013, P.R. China
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19
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Craveiro V, Yang-Hartwich Y, Holmberg JC, Joo WD, Sumi NJ, Pizzonia J, Griffin B, Gill SK, Silasi DA, Azodi M, Rutherford T, Alvero AB, Mor G. Phenotypic modifications in ovarian cancer stem cells following Paclitaxel treatment. Cancer Med 2013; 2:751-62. [PMID: 24403249 PMCID: PMC3892380 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2013] [Revised: 07/25/2013] [Accepted: 07/26/2013] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) is the most lethal gynecologic malignancy. Despite initial responsiveness, 80% of EOC patients recur and present with chemoresistant and a more aggressive disease. This suggests an underlying biology that results in a modified recurrent disease, which is distinct from the primary tumor. Unfortunately, the management of recurrent EOC is similar to primary disease and does not parallel the molecular changes that may have occurred during the process of rebuilding the tumor. We describe the characterization of unique in vitro and in vivo ovarian cancer models to study the process of recurrence. The in vitro model consists of GFP+/CD44+/MyD88+ EOC stem cells and mCherry+/CD44-/MyD88- EOC cells. The in vivo model consists of mCherry+/CD44+/MyD88+ EOC cells injected intraperitoneally. Animals received four doses of Paclitaxel and response to treatment was monitored by in vivo imaging. Phenotype of primary and recurrent disease was characterized by quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) and Western blot analysis. Using the in vivo and in vitro models, we confirmed that chemotherapy enriched for CD44+/MyD88+ EOC stem cells. However, we observed that the surviving CD44+/MyD88+ EOC stem cells acquire a more aggressive phenotype characterized by chemoresistance and migratory potential. Our results highlight the mechanisms that may explain the phenotypic heterogeneity of recurrent EOC and emphasize the significant plasticity of ovarian cancer stem cells. The significance of our findings is the possibility of developing new venues to target the surviving CD44+/MyD88+ EOC stem cells as part of maintenance therapy and therefore preventing recurrence and metastasis, which are the main causes of mortality in patients with ovarian cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vinicius Craveiro
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, Reproductive Immunology Unit, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
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20
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Chefetz I, Alvero AB, Holmberg JC, Lebowitz N, Craveiro V, Yang-Hartwich Y, Yin G, Squillace L, Gurrea Soteras M, Aldo P, Mor G. TLR2 enhances ovarian cancer stem cell self-renewal and promotes tumor repair and recurrence. Cell Cycle 2013; 12:511-21. [PMID: 23324344 DOI: 10.4161/cc.23406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Primary ovarian cancer is responsive to treatment, but chemoresistant recurrent disease ensues in majority of patients. Recent compelling evidence demonstrates that a specific population of cancer cells, the cancer stem cells, initiates and sustains tumors. It is therefore possible that this cell population is also responsible for recurrence. We have shown previously that CD44+/MyD88+ epithelial ovarian cancer stem cells (CD44+/MyD88+ EOC stem cells) are responsible for tumor initiation. In this study, we demonstrate that this population drives tumor repair following surgery- and chemotherapy-induced tumor injury. Using in vivo and in vitro models, we also demonstrate that during the process of tumor repair, CD44+/MyD88+ EOC stem cells undergo self-renewal as evidenced by upregulation of stemness-associated genes. More importantly, we show that a pro-inflammatory microenvironment created by the TLR2-MyD88-NFκB pathway supports EOC stem cell-driven repair and self-renewal. Overall, our findings point to a specific cancer cell population, the CD44+/MyD88+ EOC stem cells and a specific pro-inflammatory pathway, the TLR2-MyD88-NFκB pathway, as two of the required players promoting tumor repair, which is associated with enhanced cancer stem cell load. Identification of these key players is the first step in elucidating the steps necessary to prevent recurrence in EOC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilana Chefetz
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, Reproductive Immunology Unit, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
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Lai D, Wang F, Chen Y, Wang C, Liu S, Lu B, Ge X, Guo L. Human ovarian cancer stem-like cells can be efficiently killed by γδ T lymphocytes. Cancer Immunol Immunother 2012; 61:979-89. [PMID: 22120758 PMCID: PMC11029003 DOI: 10.1007/s00262-011-1166-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2011] [Accepted: 11/15/2011] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Ovarian cancer comprises a small population of cancer stem cells (CSCs) that are responsible for tumor maintenance and resistant to cancer therapies, it would be desirable to develop a therapy that could selectively target ovarian CSCs. Recently, cellular immune-based therapies have improved the prognosis of cancer patients clinically. In this study, we isolated a subset of ovarian cancer sphere cells that possess CSC properties and explored the cell cytotoxicity of γδ T cells to ovarian cancer sphere cells using a transwell cocultured cell system. The proliferation rate of the cancer sphere cells decreased to 40% after cocultured with γδ T cells. The γδ T cells increased the sensitivity of SK-OV-3 sphere cells to chemotherapeutic drugs. After the treatment of γδ T cells, the expression of stem cell marker genes decreased in sphere cells, while the expression of HLA-DR antigen on tumor cells was increased in a time-dependent manner. Further, γδ T cells induced G2/M phase cell cycle arrest and subsequent apoptosis in SK-OV-3 sphere cells. Xenograft mouse models demonstrated that γδ T cells dramatically reduced the tumor burden. Notably, the level of IL-17 production significantly increased after cocultured with γδ T cells. We conclude that γδ T cells may efficiently kill ovarian CSCs through IL-17 production and represent a promising immunotherapy for ovarian cancer.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Apoptosis/immunology
- Carcinoma, Ovarian Epithelial
- Cell Line, Tumor
- Coculture Techniques
- Female
- G2 Phase Cell Cycle Checkpoints/immunology
- HLA-DR Antigens/biosynthesis
- HLA-DR Antigens/immunology
- Humans
- Immunotherapy, Adoptive/methods
- Interleukin-17/biosynthesis
- Interleukin-17/immunology
- M Phase Cell Cycle Checkpoints/immunology
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred BALB C
- Mice, Nude
- Neoplasms, Glandular and Epithelial/drug therapy
- Neoplasms, Glandular and Epithelial/immunology
- Neoplasms, Glandular and Epithelial/pathology
- Neoplasms, Glandular and Epithelial/therapy
- Neoplastic Stem Cells/drug effects
- Neoplastic Stem Cells/immunology
- Neoplastic Stem Cells/pathology
- Ovarian Neoplasms/drug therapy
- Ovarian Neoplasms/immunology
- Ovarian Neoplasms/pathology
- Ovarian Neoplasms/therapy
- Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell, gamma-delta/immunology
- T-Lymphocytes/immunology
- Xenograft Model Antitumor Assays
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongmei Lai
- The International Peace Maternity and Child Health Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, China.
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