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Wang YH, Su JH, Wang TW, Lei ZY, Chen ZJ, Shangguan SP, Han JW, Ma YQ. Study on transient photocurrent induced by energy level defect of schottky diode irradiated by high power pulsed laser. Sci Rep 2023; 13:14487. [PMID: 37660183 PMCID: PMC10475039 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-40983-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2023] [Accepted: 08/19/2023] [Indexed: 09/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The transient photocurrent is one of the key parameters of the spatial radiation effect of photoelectric devices, and the energy level defect affects the transient photocurrent. In this paper, by studying the deep level transient spectrum of a self-designed Schottky diode, the defect properties of the interface region of the anode metal AlCu and Si caused by high-temperature annealing at 150 ℃, 200 ℃ and 300 ℃ for 1200 h have been quantitatively analyzed. The study shows that the defect is located at the position of + 0.41 eV on the valence band, the concentration is 2.8 [Formula: see text] 1013/cm2, and the capture cross section is [Formula: see text] = 8.5 [Formula: see text] 1017. The impurity energy level mainly comes from the diffusion of Al atom in anode metal. We found that the defect did not cause the electrical performance degradation and obvious morphology change of the device, but the transient photocurrent increased significantly. The reason is that the high temperature treatment results in a growth in the density of states at the interface between AlCu-Si. The more mismatched dislocations and recombination center increased the reverse current of the heterojunction. The above view is proved by the TCAD simulation test.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y H Wang
- National Space Science Center, CAS, Beijing, China
| | - J H Su
- Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Beijing, China
| | - T W Wang
- National Space Science Center, CAS, Beijing, China
| | - Z Y Lei
- College of Physics and Electronic Science, Hunan University, Changsha, China
| | - Z J Chen
- College of Physics and Electronic Science, Hunan University, Changsha, China
| | | | - J W Han
- National Space Science Center, CAS, Beijing, China
| | - Y Q Ma
- National Space Science Center, CAS, Beijing, China.
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Wang YM, Zhang J, Pan CL, Cao QY, Wang XY, Zhao AQ, Yao ZR, Han JW, Li M. Palmoplantar keratoderma: a new phenotype in patients with hypotrichosis resulted from lanosterol synthase gene mutations. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 2022; 36:e842-e845. [PMID: 35689498 DOI: 10.1111/jdv.18315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2022] [Accepted: 06/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Y M Wang
- Department of Dermatology, Xinhua Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.,Institute of Dermatology, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - J Zhang
- Department of Dermatology, Xinhua Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.,Institute of Dermatology, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - C L Pan
- Department of Dermatology, Xinhua Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.,Institute of Dermatology, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Q Y Cao
- Department of Dermatology, Xinhua Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.,Institute of Dermatology, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - X Y Wang
- Department of Dermatology, Xinhua Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.,Institute of Dermatology, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - A Q Zhao
- Department of Dermatology, Xinhua Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.,Institute of Dermatology, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Z R Yao
- Department of Dermatology, Xinhua Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.,Institute of Dermatology, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - J W Han
- Department of Dermatology, Affiliated Hospital of Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, China
| | - M Li
- Department of Dermatology, Xinhua Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.,Institute of Dermatology, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
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Chen R, Wang ZX, Zhou LX, Chen XB, Han JW, Fan HN, Wang HJ. [Cystic echinococcosis of the waist and hip: a case report]. Zhongguo Xue Xi Chong Bing Fang Zhi Za Zhi 2021; 34:214-216. [PMID: 35537848 DOI: 10.16250/j.32.1374.2020238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
A patient with cystic echinococcosis was presented with primary lesions in the waist and hip. The case was misdiagnosed as subcutaneous abscess at initial diagnosis, and then definitively diagnosed as echinococcosis by means of imaging examinations and anti-Echinococcus antibody test. This case was reported with aims to improve the awareness of cystic echinococcosis among clinical physicians to avoid and reduce the misdiagnosis and missing diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Chen
- Department of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Qinghai University; Qinghai Provincial Key Laboratory for Echinococcosis, Xining, Qinghai 810001, China
| | - Z X Wang
- Department of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Qinghai University; Qinghai Provincial Key Laboratory for Echinococcosis, Xining, Qinghai 810001, China
| | - L X Zhou
- Department of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Qinghai University; Qinghai Provincial Key Laboratory for Echinococcosis, Xining, Qinghai 810001, China
| | - X B Chen
- Department of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Qinghai University; Qinghai Provincial Key Laboratory for Echinococcosis, Xining, Qinghai 810001, China
| | - J W Han
- Department of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Qinghai University; Qinghai Provincial Key Laboratory for Echinococcosis, Xining, Qinghai 810001, China
| | - H N Fan
- Department of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Qinghai University; Qinghai Provincial Key Laboratory for Echinococcosis, Xining, Qinghai 810001, China
| | - H J Wang
- Department of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Qinghai University; Qinghai Provincial Key Laboratory for Echinococcosis, Xining, Qinghai 810001, China
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Jeong KJ, Park SY, Cho KH, Sohn JS, Lee J, Kim YK, Kang J, Park CG, Han JW, Lee HY. Correction: The Rho/ROCK pathway for lysophosphatidic acid-induced proteolytic enzyme expression and ovarian cancer cell invasion. Oncogene 2019; 38:5108-5110. [PMID: 30926886 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-019-0769-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The original version of this article contained an error in the published figures Fig 2 and Fig 3f, where the information was inadvertently duplicated. This error does not alter the conclusions of the paper. The corrected figures are published in this correction notice. The authors sincerely apologize for this error.
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Affiliation(s)
- K J Jeong
- Department of Pharmacology, Myunggok Medical Research Institute, College of Medicine, Konyang University, Daejeon, Korea
| | - S Y Park
- Department of Pharmacology, Myunggok Medical Research Institute, College of Medicine, Konyang University, Daejeon, Korea
| | - K H Cho
- Department of Pharmacology, Myunggok Medical Research Institute, College of Medicine, Konyang University, Daejeon, Korea
| | - J S Sohn
- Department of Pathology, Myunggok Medical Research Institute, College of Medicine, Konyang University, Daejeon, Korea
| | - J Lee
- Department of Microbiology, Myunggok Medical Research Institute, College of Medicine, Konyang University, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Y K Kim
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Sookmyung Women's University, Seoul, Korea
| | - J Kang
- Department of Pharmacology, Myunggok Medical Research Institute, College of Medicine, Konyang University, Daejeon, Korea
| | - C G Park
- Department of Pharmacology, Myunggok Medical Research Institute, College of Medicine, Konyang University, Daejeon, Korea
| | - J W Han
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Korea
| | - H Y Lee
- Department of Pharmacology, Myunggok Medical Research Institute, College of Medicine, Konyang University, Daejeon, Korea.
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Wang XL, Jia L, Li HP, Liu YJ, Han JW, Li TY, Li JY, Li L. [Transmission cluster and network of HIV-1 CRF01_AE strain in China, 1996-2014]. Zhonghua Liu Xing Bing Xue Za Zhi 2019; 40:84-88. [PMID: 30669737 DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.0254-6450.2019.01.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Objective: To understand the transmission patterns and risk factors of HIV-1 strain CRF01_AE subtypes in China, and to provide guidance for the implementation of precise intervention. Methods: A total of 2 094 CRF01_AE pol sequences were collected in 19 provinces in China between 1996 and 2014. Phylogenetic tree was constructed by PhyML 3.0 software to select the transmission clusters. Transmission network was constructed by Cytoscape 3.6.0, which was further used for exploring of the major risk factors. Results: Of the 2 094 sequences, 12.18% (255/2 094) were in clusters. A total of 82 transmission clusters were identified. The numbers of clusters and contained sequences in intra-provincial transmission (61, 173) were significantly more than those in inter-provincial transmission (21, 82). The ratio of transmission clustering in MSM increased over time from 2.41% (2/83) during 1996-2008 to 23.61% (72/305) during 2013-2014, showing a significant upward trend (χ(2)=27.800, df=1, P=0.000). The proportion of MSM with inter-provincial transmission clusters were higher than those with intra-provincial transmission clusters, which increased from 0.67% (2/297) during 1996-2008 to 6.36%(30/472) during 2013-2014, showing a significant upward trend (χ(2)=20.276, df=1, P=0.000). The transmission rate in homosexuals of the inter-transmission clusters (86.59%, 71/82) was higher than that of intra-provincial transmission clusters (56.65%, 98/173), and the difference was statistically significant (χ(2)=22.792, P=0.000). The proportion of inter-provincial transmission clusters with more than 2 transmission routes (33.33%, 7/21) was higher than that of intra-provincial clusters (13.11%, 8/61), and the difference was statistically significant (χ(2)=4.273, P=0.039). Results from the transmission network analysis indicated that the proportion of high risk population (degree≥4) with inter-provincial transmission clusters (51.22%, 42/82) was significantly higher than that with intra-provincial transmission clusters (26.59%, 46/173), and the difference was statistically significant (χ(2)=14.932, P=0.000). Inter-provincial clusters were mainly detected in and and MSM. Conclusions: Complex transmission networks were found for HIV-1 CRF01_AE strains in the mainland of China. Inter-provincial transmission clusters increased rapidly, MSM played an important role in the wide spread of the strain. More researches in transmission networks are needed to guide the precision intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- X L Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Biosecurity, Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Academy of Military Sciences, Beijing 100071, China
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Kim TH, Lee A, Han JW, Jung SJ, Byun KD. Abstract P5-07-10: The prognostic significance of estrogen formation as a consequence of aromatase expression in tumor microenvironment. Cancer Res 2019. [DOI: 10.1158/1538-7445.sabcs18-p5-07-10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Estrogen synthesis via aromatase in adipose tissue has an important role in progression of postmenopausal breast cancer. The increased local concentrations of estrogen in breast cancer via aromatase overexpression within the tumor tissue have been demonstrated by some investigators. Although aromatase inhibitor is the standard endocrine therapy for postmenopausal breast cancer patients, it is not uncommon for patients to have poor compliance to the drugs due to their side effects. This research is based on the hypothesis that if aromatase expression is related to prognosis and if therapeutic effect varies depending on the degree of aromatase expression, then this study may be able to suggest a new guideline in terms of choosing between aromatase inhibitors and tamoxifen.
Methods: 154 postmenopausal breast cancer patients who underwent surgery and aromatase inhibitor therapy in Busan Paik Hospital, Inje University from January 2005 to December 2010 were enrolled. Patients with DCIS or stage IV breast cancer were excluded. Patients' clinicopathological data were collected and TMA blocks were created for immunohistochemistry studies to examine aromatase expression.
Results: The recurrence has occured in 7 patients (6.9%). Stage, tumor size and number of lymph node metastasis were related to increased risk of recurrence (p=0.051, 0.043, 0.001). The aromatase expression in cancer cells had significant correlation with clinical stage (p=0.041). There was also a positive correlation between Ki67 and aromatase expression in cancer tissue (p=0.006). However, aromatase expression in cancer, stromal, and adipose tissue had no relationship with recurrence (p=0.410, 0.627, 0.552).
Correlation between clinicopathologic factors and aromatase expression (Linear by linear association and Spearman's correlation coefficient test)Site of aromatase expressionERPRKi67P53BMIStageIn Cancer0.6060.5920.0060.4510.9560.041In Stroma0.2200.4710.5840.3290.3670.229In Adipose0.9880.2650.1590.1170.7701.000
Conclusions: Aromatase expression in cancer cells was correlated with clinical stage. This implies that aromatase expression might have a role of prognostic marker in addition to role of treatment indicator. There was no direct correlation between aromatase expression and recurrence.
Citation Format: Kim TH, Lee A, Han JW, Jung SJ, Byun K-D. The prognostic significance of estrogen formation as a consequence of aromatase expression in tumor microenvironment [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 2018 San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium; 2018 Dec 4-8; San Antonio, TX. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2019;79(4 Suppl):Abstract nr P5-07-10.
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Affiliation(s)
- TH Kim
- Inje University, Busan Paik Hospital, Busan, Republic of Korea; Dong-A University Hospital, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - A Lee
- Inje University, Busan Paik Hospital, Busan, Republic of Korea; Dong-A University Hospital, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - JW Han
- Inje University, Busan Paik Hospital, Busan, Republic of Korea; Dong-A University Hospital, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - SJ Jung
- Inje University, Busan Paik Hospital, Busan, Republic of Korea; Dong-A University Hospital, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - K-D Byun
- Inje University, Busan Paik Hospital, Busan, Republic of Korea; Dong-A University Hospital, Busan, Republic of Korea
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Han JW, Liu JT, Ma PL. [The timing of renal replacement therapy on mortality in patients with acute renal injury: a reanalysis of two recently published randomized control trials]. Zhonghua Nei Ke Za Zhi 2018; 57:355-357. [PMID: 29747292 DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.0578-1426.2018.05.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
To investigate the sources of inconsistent findings between two randomized control trials["initiation strategies for renal-replacement therapy in the intensive care unit"(AKIKI trial) vs"effect of early vs delayed initiation of renal replacement therapy on mortality in critically ill patients with acute kidney injury"(ELAIN trial) ], regarding"timing of renal replacement therapy (RRT) on mortality in patients with acute kidney injury (AKI). By reanalysis of the published data, it was found that demographics, severity of primary disease and stage of AKI before initiation of RRT were quite different between AKIKI and ELAIN trials. Interestingly, similar mortalities were demonstrated in late group of ELAIN trial, both of early and late groups of AKIKI trial [all patients were classified at Kidney Disease: Improving Global Outcomes (KDIGO) classification stage 3 of AKI, P>0.05] although a significant reduction of mortality was determined in early group of ELAIN trial (KDIGO stage 2 of AKI).Therefore, it was concluded that inconsistent results were largely attributable to the heterogeneity of enrolled patients between ELAIN vs AKIKI trials, including demographics and severity of AKI(AKI stage) before initiation of RRT.
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Affiliation(s)
- J W Han
- SICU, the 309th Hospital of the Chinese People' s Liberation Army, Beijing 100091, China
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Han JW, Gurunathan S, Choi YJ, Kim JH. Dual functions of silver nanoparticles in F9 teratocarcinoma stem cells, a suitable model for evaluating cytotoxicity- and differentiation-mediated cancer therapy. Int J Nanomedicine 2017; 12:7529-7549. [PMID: 29066898 PMCID: PMC5644540 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s145147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) exhibit strong antibacterial and anticancer activity owing to their large surface-to-volume ratios and crystallographic surface structure. Owing to their various applications, understanding the mechanisms of action, biological interactions, potential toxicity, and beneficial effects of AgNPs is important. Here, we investigated the toxicity and differentiation-inducing effects of AgNPs in teratocarcinoma stem cells. Materials and methods AgNPs were synthesized and characterized using various analytical techniques such as UV–visible spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, and transmission electron microscopy. The cellular responses of AgNPs were analyzed by a series of cellular and biochemical assays. Gene and protein expressions were analyzed by reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction and western blotting, respectively. Results The AgNPs showed typical crystalline structures and spherical shapes (average size =20 nm). High concentration of AgNPs induced cytotoxicity in a dose-dependent manner by increasing lactate dehydrogenase leakage and reactive oxygen species. Furthermore, AgNPs caused mitochondrial dysfunction, DNA fragmentation, increased expression of apoptotic genes, and decreased expression of antiapoptotic genes. Lower concentrations of AgNPs induced neuronal differentiation by increasing the expression of differentiation markers and decreasing the expression of stem cell markers. Cisplatin reduced the viability of F9 cells that underwent AgNPs-induced differentiation. Conclusion The results showed that AgNPs caused differentially regulated cytotoxicity and induced neuronal differentiation of F9 cells in a concentration-dependent manner. Therefore, AgNPs can be used for differentiation therapy, along with chemotherapeutic agents, for improving cancer treatment by targeting specific chemotherapy-resistant cells within a tumor. Furthermore, understanding the molecular mechanisms of apoptosis and differentiation in stem cells could also help in developing new strategies for cancer stem cell (CSC) therapies. The findings of this study could significantly contribute to the nanomedicine because this study is the first of its kind, and our results will lead to new strategies for cancer and CSC therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jae Woong Han
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biotechnology, Humanized Pig Research Center (SRC), Konkuk University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sangiliyandi Gurunathan
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biotechnology, Humanized Pig Research Center (SRC), Konkuk University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yun-Jung Choi
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biotechnology, Humanized Pig Research Center (SRC), Konkuk University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin-Hoi Kim
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biotechnology, Humanized Pig Research Center (SRC), Konkuk University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Das J, Choi YJ, Han JW, Reza AMMT, Kim JH. Nanoceria-mediated delivery of doxorubicin enhances the anti-tumour efficiency in ovarian cancer cells via apoptosis. Sci Rep 2017; 7:9513. [PMID: 28842609 PMCID: PMC5572723 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-09876-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2017] [Accepted: 07/31/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Nanocarriers are widely used for effective delivery of anticancer drugs to tumours with potential to improve cancer treatment. Here, we developed a nanoceria (CeO2)-based system for delivery of the anti-cancer drug doxorubicin (DOX) to human ovarian cancer cells. Negatively charged nanoceria could conjugate with the cationic DOX via electrostatic interaction under physiological conditions, forming DOX-loaded nanoceria (CeO2/DOX). CeO2/DOX particles displayed nearly spherical shapes, along with superior drug-loading content (22.41%), loading efficiency (99.51%), and higher cellular uptake and drug release behaviours compared to free DOX. Moreover, DOX was released faster from CeO2/DOX under reductive acidic conditions (pH 5.0, 10 mM glutathione) than under physiological conditions (pH 7.4). The initial intracellular DOX concentration was higher in the free DOX groups than in the CeO2/DOX groups, but quickly reduced to 25% of the initial concentration after 24-h culture. By contrast, CeO2/DOX showed sustained DOX release over time and maintained a high intracellular DOX concentration for up to 72 h. In vitro assays showed that CeO2/DOX exhibited higher cell proliferation inhibition and apoptosis compared with free DOX. These results highlight DOX-loaded nanoceria as a promising therapeutic agent for cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joydeep Das
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biotechnology, Humanized Pig Research Center (SRC), Konkuk University, Seoul, 143-701, South Korea
| | - Yun-Jung Choi
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biotechnology, Humanized Pig Research Center (SRC), Konkuk University, Seoul, 143-701, South Korea
| | - Jae Woong Han
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biotechnology, Humanized Pig Research Center (SRC), Konkuk University, Seoul, 143-701, South Korea
| | - Abu Musa Md Talimur Reza
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biotechnology, Humanized Pig Research Center (SRC), Konkuk University, Seoul, 143-701, South Korea
| | - Jin-Hoi Kim
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biotechnology, Humanized Pig Research Center (SRC), Konkuk University, Seoul, 143-701, South Korea.
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Kim H, Hwang SM, Lee JH, Oh M, Han JW, Choi GJ. Specific PCR detection of Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. raphani: a causal agent of Fusarium wilt on radish plants. Lett Appl Microbiol 2017; 65:133-140. [PMID: 28585248 DOI: 10.1111/lam.12761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2017] [Revised: 05/16/2017] [Accepted: 05/30/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Fusarium oxysporum, a causal agent of Fusarium wilt, is one of the most important fungal pathogens worldwide, and detection of F. oxysporum DNA at the forma specialis level is crucial for disease diagnosis and control. In this study, two novel F. oxysporum f. sp. raphani (For)-specific primer sets were designed, FOR1-F/FOR1-R and FOR2-F/FOR2-R, to target FOQG_17868 and FOQG_17869 ORFs, respectively, which were selected based on the genome comparison of other formae speciales of F. oxysporum including conglutinans, cubense, lycopersici, melonis, and pisi. The primer sets FOR1-F/FOR1-R and FOR2-F/FOR2-R that amplified a 610- and 425-bp DNA fragment, respectively, were specific to For isolates which was confirmed using a total of 40 F. oxysporum isolates. From infected plants, the FOR2-F/FOR2-R primer set directly detected the DNA fragment of For isolates even when the radish plants were collected in their early stage of disease development. Although the loci targeted by the For-specific primer sets were not likely involved in the pathogenesis, the primer set FOR2-F/FOR2-R is available for the determination of pathogenicity of radish-infecting F. oxysporum isolates. This study is the first report providing novel primer sets to detect F. oxysporum f. sp. raphani. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY Because plant pathogenic Fusarium oxysporum has been classified into special forms based on its host specificity, identification of F. oxysporum usually requires a pathogenicity assay as well as knowledge of the morphological characteristics. For rapid and reliable diagnosis, this study provides PCR primer sets that specifically detect Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. raphani (For) which is a devastating pathogen of radish plants. Because one of the primer sets directly detected the DNA fragment of For isolates from infected plants, the specific PCR method demonstrated in this study will provide a foundation for integrated disease management practices in commodity crops.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Kim
- Center for Eco-friendly New Materials, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology, Daejeon, Korea.,Department of Green Chemistry and Environmental Biotechnology, Korea University of Science and Technology, Daejeon, Korea
| | - S-M Hwang
- Center for Eco-friendly New Materials, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology, Daejeon, Korea
| | - J H Lee
- Center for Eco-friendly New Materials, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology, Daejeon, Korea
| | - M Oh
- Center for Eco-friendly New Materials, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology, Daejeon, Korea.,Department of Green Chemistry and Environmental Biotechnology, Korea University of Science and Technology, Daejeon, Korea
| | - J W Han
- Center for Eco-friendly New Materials, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology, Daejeon, Korea
| | - G J Choi
- Center for Eco-friendly New Materials, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology, Daejeon, Korea.,Department of Green Chemistry and Environmental Biotechnology, Korea University of Science and Technology, Daejeon, Korea
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Han JW, Kim MS, Song MS, Kang BY, Cho BK, Lee JS. Application of emitter-sample hybrid terahertz time-domain spectroscopy to investigate temperature-dependent optical constants of doped InAs. Appl Opt 2017; 56:2529-2534. [PMID: 28375363 DOI: 10.1364/ao.56.002529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
We investigate temperature-dependent carrier dynamics of InAs crystal by using reflection-type terahertz time-domain spectroscopy, particularly with a recently developed emitter-sample hybrid structure. We successfully obtain the optical conductivity in a terahertz frequency of bulk InAs whose dc conductivity is in the range of 100-150 Ω-1 cm-1. We find that both real and imaginary parts of the optical conductivity can be fit well with the simple Drude model, and the free-carrier density and the scattering rate obtained from the fit are in good agreement with corresponding values obtained by using other techniques, such as the Hall measurement and the dc-resistivity measurement. These results clearly demonstrate that the proposed technique of adopting the emitter-sample hybrid structure can be exploited to determine temperature-dependent optical constants in a reflection geometry and hence to investigate electrodynamics of bulk metallic systems.
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Park JH, Gurunathan S, Choi YJ, Han JW, Song H, Kim JH. Silver nanoparticles suppresses brain-derived neurotrophic factor-induced cell survival in the human neuroblastoma cell line SH-SY5Y. J IND ENG CHEM 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jiec.2016.11.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Choi YJ, Park JH, Han JW, Kim E, Jae-Wook O, Lee SY, Kim JH, Gurunathan S. Differential Cytotoxic Potential of Silver Nanoparticles in Human Ovarian Cancer Cells and Ovarian Cancer Stem Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2016; 17:E2077. [PMID: 27973444 PMCID: PMC5187877 DOI: 10.3390/ijms17122077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2016] [Revised: 11/17/2016] [Accepted: 11/30/2016] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
The cancer stem cell (CSC) hypothesis postulates that cancer cells are composed of hierarchically-organized subpopulations of cells with distinct phenotypes and tumorigenic capacities. As a result, CSCs have been suggested as a source of disease recurrence. Recently, silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) have been used as antimicrobial, disinfectant, and antitumor agents. However, there is no study reporting the effects of AgNPs on ovarian cancer stem cells (OvCSCs). In this study, we investigated the cytotoxic effects of AgNPs and their mechanism of causing cell death in A2780 (human ovarian cancer cells) and OvCSCs derived from A2780. In order to examine these effects, OvCSCs were isolated and characterized using positive CSC markers including aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH) and CD133 by fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS). The anticancer properties of the AgNPs were evaluated by assessing cell viability, leakage of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), reactive oxygen species (ROS), and mitochondrial membrane potential (mt-MP). The inhibitory effect of AgNPs on the growth of ovarian cancer cells and OvCSCs was evaluated using a clonogenic assay. Following 1-2 weeks of incubation with the AgNPs, the numbers of A2780 (bulk cells) and ALDH⁺/CD133⁺ colonies were significantly reduced. The expression of apoptotic and anti-apoptotic genes was measured by real-time quantitative reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). Our observations showed that treatment with AgNPs resulted in severe cytotoxicity in both ovarian cancer cells and OvCSCs. In particular, AgNPs showed significant cytotoxic potential in ALDH⁺/CD133⁺ subpopulations of cells compared with other subpopulation of cells and also human ovarian cancer cells (bulk cells). These findings suggest that AgNPs can be utilized in the development of novel nanotherapeutic molecules for the treatment of ovarian cancers by specific targeting of the ALDH⁺/CD133⁺ subpopulation of cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun-Jung Choi
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biotechnology, Konkuk University, Seoul 143-701, Korea.
| | - Jung-Hyun Park
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biotechnology, Konkuk University, Seoul 143-701, Korea.
| | - Jae Woong Han
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biotechnology, Konkuk University, Seoul 143-701, Korea.
| | - Eunsu Kim
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biotechnology, Konkuk University, Seoul 143-701, Korea.
| | - Oh Jae-Wook
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biotechnology, Konkuk University, Seoul 143-701, Korea.
| | - Seung Yoon Lee
- Swine Consulting Group, HanByol Farm Tech, Gyeonggi 463-785, Korea.
| | - Jin-Hoi Kim
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biotechnology, Konkuk University, Seoul 143-701, Korea.
| | - Sangiliyandi Gurunathan
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biotechnology, Konkuk University, Seoul 143-701, Korea.
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14
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Das J, Choi YJ, Yasuda H, Han JW, Park C, Song H, Bae H, Kim JH. Efficient delivery of C/EBP beta gene into human mesenchymal stem cells via polyethylenimine-coated gold nanoparticles enhances adipogenic differentiation. Sci Rep 2016; 6:33784. [PMID: 27677463 PMCID: PMC5039411 DOI: 10.1038/srep33784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2016] [Accepted: 09/02/2016] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The controlled differentiation of stem cells via the delivery of specific genes encoding appropriate differentiation factors may provide useful models for regenerative medicine and aid in developing therapies for human patients. However, the majority of non-viral vectors are not efficient enough to manipulate difficult-to-transfect adult human stem cells in vitro. Herein, we report the first use of 25 kDa branched polyethylenimine-entrapped gold nanoparticles (AuPEINPs) and covalently bound polyethylenimine-gold nanoparticles (AuMUAPEINPs) as carriers for efficient gene delivery into human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs). We determined a functional application of these nanoparticles by transfecting hMSCs with the C/EBP beta gene, fused to EGFP, to induce adipogenic differentiation. Transfection efficacy with AuPEINPs and AuMUAPEINPs was 52.3% and 40.7%, respectively, which was 2.48 and 1.93 times higher than that by using Lipofectamine 2000. Luciferase assay results also demonstrated improved gene transfection efficiency of AuPEINPs/AuMUAPEINPs over Lipofectamine 2000 and polyethylenimine. Overexpression of exogenous C/EBP beta significantly enhanced adipogenesis in hMSCs as indicated by both of Oil Red O staining and mRNA expression analyses. Nanoparticle/DNA complexes exhibited favorable cytocompatibility in hMSCs. Taken together, AuPEINPs and AuMUAPEINPs potentially represent safe and highly efficient vehicles for gene delivery to control hMSC differentiation and for therapeutic gene delivery applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joydeep Das
- Dept. of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Humanized Pig Research Center (SRC), Konkuk University, Seoul 143-701, South Korea
| | - Yun-Jung Choi
- Dept. of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Humanized Pig Research Center (SRC), Konkuk University, Seoul 143-701, South Korea
| | - Hideyo Yasuda
- Dept. of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Humanized Pig Research Center (SRC), Konkuk University, Seoul 143-701, South Korea
| | - Jae Woong Han
- Dept. of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Humanized Pig Research Center (SRC), Konkuk University, Seoul 143-701, South Korea
| | - Chankyu Park
- Dept. of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Humanized Pig Research Center (SRC), Konkuk University, Seoul 143-701, South Korea
| | - Hyuk Song
- Dept. of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Humanized Pig Research Center (SRC), Konkuk University, Seoul 143-701, South Korea
| | - Hojae Bae
- Dept. of Bioindustrial Technologies, College of Animal Bioscience and Technology, Konkuk University, Seoul 143-701, South Korea
| | - Jin-Hoi Kim
- Dept. of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Humanized Pig Research Center (SRC), Konkuk University, Seoul 143-701, South Korea
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15
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Das J, Han JW, Choi YJ, Song H, Cho SG, Park C, Seo HG, Kim JH. Cationic lipid-nanoceria hybrids, a novel nonviral vector-mediated gene delivery into mammalian cells: investigation of the cellular uptake mechanism. Sci Rep 2016; 6:29197. [PMID: 27380727 PMCID: PMC4933920 DOI: 10.1038/srep29197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2015] [Accepted: 06/14/2016] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Gene therapy is a promising technique for the treatment of various diseases. The development of minimally toxic and highly efficient non-viral gene delivery vectors is the most challenging undertaking in the field of gene therapy. Here, we developed dimethyldioctadecylammonium bromide (DODAB)-nanoceria (CeO2) hybrids as a new class of non-viral gene delivery vectors. These DODAB-modified CeO2 nanoparticles (CeO2/DODAB) could effectively compact the pDNA, allowing for highly efficient gene transfection into the selected cell lines. The CeO2/DODAB nanovectors were also found to be non-toxic and did not induce ROS formation as well as any stress responsive and pro-survival signaling pathways. The overall vector performance of CeO2/DODAB nanohybrids was comparable with lipofectamine and DOTAP, and higher than calcium phosphate and DEAE-dextran for transfecting small plasmids. The increased cellular uptake of the nanovector/DNA complexes through clathrin- and caveolae-mediated endocytosis and subsequent release from the endosomes further support the increased gene transfection efficiency of the CeO2/DODAB vectors. Besides, CeO2/DODAB nanovectors could transfect genes in vivo without any sign of toxicity. Taken together, this new nano-vector has the potential to be used for gene delivery in biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joydeep Das
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Humanized Pig Research Center (SRC), Konkuk University, Seoul 143-701, South Korea
| | - Jae Woong Han
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Humanized Pig Research Center (SRC), Konkuk University, Seoul 143-701, South Korea
| | - Yun-Jung Choi
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Humanized Pig Research Center (SRC), Konkuk University, Seoul 143-701, South Korea
| | - Hyuk Song
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Humanized Pig Research Center (SRC), Konkuk University, Seoul 143-701, South Korea
| | - Ssang-Goo Cho
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Humanized Pig Research Center (SRC), Konkuk University, Seoul 143-701, South Korea
| | - Chankyu Park
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Humanized Pig Research Center (SRC), Konkuk University, Seoul 143-701, South Korea
| | - Han Geuk Seo
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Humanized Pig Research Center (SRC), Konkuk University, Seoul 143-701, South Korea
| | - Jin-Hoi Kim
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Humanized Pig Research Center (SRC), Konkuk University, Seoul 143-701, South Korea
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16
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Rhee K, Kim JH, Jung DH, Han JW, Lee YC, Lee SK, Shin SK, Park JC, Chung HS, Park JJ, Youn YH, Park H. Self-expandable metal stents for malignant esophageal obstruction: a comparative study between extrinsic and intrinsic compression. Dis Esophagus 2016; 29:224-8. [PMID: 25708695 DOI: 10.1111/dote.12325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Self-expandable metal stents (SEMSs) are effective for malignant esophageal obstruction, but usefulness of SEMSs in extrinsic lesions is yet to be elucidated. This study is aimed at evaluating the clinical usefulness of SEMSs in the extrinsic compression compared with intrinsic. A retrospective review was conducted for 105 patients (intrinsic, 85; extrinsic, 20) with malignant esophageal obstruction who underwent endoscopic SEMSs placement. Technical and clinical success rates were evaluated and clinical outcomes were compared between extrinsic and intrinsic group. Extrinsic group was mostly pulmonary origin. Overall technical and clinical success rate was 100% and 91%, respectively, without immediate complications. Extrinsic and intrinsic group did not differ significantly in clinical success rate. The median stent patency time was 131.3 ± 85.8 days in intrinsic group while that of extrinsic was 54.6 ± 45.1 due to shorter survival after stent insertion. The 4-, 8-, and 12-week patency rates were 90.5%, 78.8%, and 64.9% respectively in intrinsic group, while stents of extrinsic group remained patent until death. Uncovered, fully covered, and double-layered stent were used evenly and the types did not influence patency in both groups. In conclusion, esophageal SEMSs can safely and effectively be used for malignant extrinsic compression as well as intrinsic.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Rhee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.,Gangnam Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - J-H Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.,Gangnam Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - D H Jung
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - J W Han
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.,Gangnam Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Y C Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - S K Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - S K Shin
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - J C Park
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - H S Chung
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - J J Park
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.,Gangnam Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Y H Youn
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.,Gangnam Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - H Park
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.,Gangnam Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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17
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Jeon BJ, Kim JD, Han JW, Kim BS. Antifungal activity of rimocidin and a new rimocidin derivative BU16 produced by Streptomyces mauvecolor BU16 and their effects on pepper anthracnose. J Appl Microbiol 2016; 120:1219-28. [PMID: 26808253 DOI: 10.1111/jam.13071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2015] [Revised: 12/17/2015] [Accepted: 12/28/2015] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
AIMS The objective of this study was to explore antifungal metabolites targeting fungal cell envelope and to evaluate the control efficacy against anthracnose development in pepper plants. METHODS AND RESULTS A natural product library comprising 3000 microbial culture extracts was screened via an adenylate kinase (AK)-based cell lysis assay to detect antifungal metabolites targeting the cell envelope of plant-pathogenic fungi. The culture extract of Streptomyces mauvecolor strain BU16 displayed potent AK-releasing activity. Rimocidin and a new rimocidin derivative, BU16, were identified from the extract as active constituents. BU16 is a tetraene macrolide containing a six-membered hemiketal ring with an ethyl group side chain instead of the propyl group in rimocidin. Rimocidin and BU16 showed broad-spectrum antifungal activity against various plant-pathogenic fungi and demonstrated potent control efficacy against anthracnose development in pepper plants. CONCLUSIONS Antifungal metabolites produced by S. mauvecolor strain BU16 were identified to be rimocidin and BU16. The compounds displayed potent control efficacy against pepper anthracnose. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY Rimocidin and BU16 would be active ingredients of disease control agents disrupting cell envelope of plant-pathogenic fungi. The structure and antifungal activity of rimocidin derivative BU16 is first described in this study.
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Affiliation(s)
- B J Jeon
- Laboratory of Plant Pharmacology, Department of Biosystems and Biotechnology, Korea University Graduate School, Seoul, Korea
| | - J D Kim
- Laboratory of Plant Pharmacology, Department of Biosystems and Biotechnology, Korea University Graduate School, Seoul, Korea
| | - J W Han
- Laboratory of Plant Pharmacology, Department of Biosystems and Biotechnology, Korea University Graduate School, Seoul, Korea
| | - B S Kim
- Laboratory of Plant Pharmacology, Department of Biosystems and Biotechnology, Korea University Graduate School, Seoul, Korea.,Division of Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul, Korea
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18
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Hahn SY, Hahn SM, Jin SL, Kim HS, Lyu CJ, Lee JG, Han JW. Huge retroperitoneal complicated pseudotumour in haemophilia B with inhibitor. Haemophilia 2015; 22:e45-7. [PMID: 26459955 DOI: 10.1111/hae.12799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/19/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- S Y Hahn
- Division of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Yonsei University Health System, Seoul, Korea.,Department of Pediatric Hemato-Oncology, Yonsei Cancer Center, Yonsei University Health System, Seoul, Korea
| | - S M Hahn
- Division of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Yonsei University Health System, Seoul, Korea.,Department of Pediatric Hemato-Oncology, Yonsei Cancer Center, Yonsei University Health System, Seoul, Korea
| | - S L Jin
- Division of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Yonsei University Health System, Seoul, Korea.,Department of Pediatric Hemato-Oncology, Yonsei Cancer Center, Yonsei University Health System, Seoul, Korea
| | - H S Kim
- Division of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Yonsei University Health System, Seoul, Korea.,Department of Pediatric Hemato-Oncology, Yonsei Cancer Center, Yonsei University Health System, Seoul, Korea
| | - C J Lyu
- Division of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Yonsei University Health System, Seoul, Korea.,Department of Pediatric Hemato-Oncology, Yonsei Cancer Center, Yonsei University Health System, Seoul, Korea
| | - J G Lee
- Department of Surgery, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Yonsei University Health System, Seoul, Korea
| | - J W Han
- Division of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Yonsei University Health System, Seoul, Korea.,Department of Pediatric Hemato-Oncology, Yonsei Cancer Center, Yonsei University Health System, Seoul, Korea
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19
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Han JW, Jeong JK, Gurunathan S, Choi YJ, Das J, Kwon DN, Cho SG, Park C, Seo HG, Park JK, Kim JH. Male- and female-derived somatic and germ cell-specific toxicity of silver nanoparticles in mouse. Nanotoxicology 2015; 10:361-73. [DOI: 10.3109/17435390.2015.1073396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jae Woong Han
- Department of Animal Biotechnology, Konkuk University, Seoul, Republic of Korea and
| | - Jae-Kyo Jeong
- Department of Animal Biotechnology, Konkuk University, Seoul, Republic of Korea and
| | | | - Yun-Jung Choi
- Department of Animal Biotechnology, Konkuk University, Seoul, Republic of Korea and
| | - Joydeep Das
- Department of Animal Biotechnology, Konkuk University, Seoul, Republic of Korea and
| | - Deug-Nam Kwon
- Department of Animal Biotechnology, Konkuk University, Seoul, Republic of Korea and
| | - Ssang-Goo Cho
- Department of Animal Biotechnology, Konkuk University, Seoul, Republic of Korea and
| | - Chankyu Park
- Department of Animal Biotechnology, Konkuk University, Seoul, Republic of Korea and
| | - Han Geuk Seo
- Department of Animal Biotechnology, Konkuk University, Seoul, Republic of Korea and
| | - Jin-Ki Park
- Department of Swine & Poultry Science, Korea National College of Agriculture and Fisheries, Jeonju, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin-Hoi Kim
- Department of Animal Biotechnology, Konkuk University, Seoul, Republic of Korea and
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20
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Gurunathan S, Han JW, Park JH, Kim E, Choi YJ, Kwon DN, Kim JH. Reduced graphene oxide-silver nanoparticle nanocomposite: a potential anticancer nanotherapy. Int J Nanomedicine 2015; 10:6257-76. [PMID: 26491296 PMCID: PMC4599719 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s92449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 167] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Graphene and graphene-based nanocomposites are used in various research areas including sensing, energy storage, and catalysis. The mechanical, thermal, electrical, and biological properties render graphene-based nanocomposites of metallic nanoparticles useful for several biomedical applications. Epithelial ovarian carcinoma is the fifth most deadly cancer in women; most tumors initially respond to chemotherapy, but eventually acquire chemoresistance. Consequently, the development of novel molecules for cancer therapy is essential. This study was designed to develop a simple, non-toxic, environmentally friendly method for the synthesis of reduced graphene oxide–silver (rGO–Ag) nanoparticle nanocomposites using Tilia amurensis plant extracts as reducing and stabilizing agents. The anticancer properties of rGO–Ag were evaluated in ovarian cancer cells. Methods The synthesized rGO–Ag nanocomposite was characterized using various analytical techniques. The anticancer properties of the rGO–Ag nanocomposite were evaluated using a series of assays such as cell viability, lactate dehydrogenase leakage, reactive oxygen species generation, cellular levels of malonaldehyde and glutathione, caspase-3 activity, and DNA fragmentation in ovarian cancer cells (A2780). Results AgNPs with an average size of 20 nm were uniformly dispersed on graphene sheets. The data obtained from the biochemical assays indicate that the rGO–Ag nanocomposite significantly inhibited cell viability in A2780 ovarian cancer cells and increased lactate dehydrogenase leakage, reactive oxygen species generation, caspase-3 activity, and DNA fragmentation compared with other tested nanomaterials such as graphene oxide, rGO, and AgNPs. Conclusion T. amurensis plant extract-mediated rGO–Ag nanocomposites could facilitate the large-scale production of graphene-based nanocomposites; rGO–Ag showed a significant inhibiting effect on cell viability compared to graphene oxide, rGO, and silver nanoparticles. The nanocomposites could be effective non-toxic therapeutic agents for the treatment of both cancer and cancer stem cells.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jae Woong Han
- Department of Animal Biotechnology, Konkuk University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung Hyun Park
- Department of Animal Biotechnology, Konkuk University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Eunsu Kim
- Department of Animal Biotechnology, Konkuk University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yun-Jung Choi
- Department of Animal Biotechnology, Konkuk University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Deug-Nam Kwon
- Department of Animal Biotechnology, Konkuk University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin-Hoi Kim
- Department of Animal Biotechnology, Konkuk University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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21
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Moon JH, Lim S, Han JW, Kim KM, Choi SH, Kim KW, Jang HC. Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D level and the risk of mild cognitive impairment and dementia: the Korean Longitudinal Study on Health and Aging (KLoSHA). Clin Endocrinol (Oxf) 2015; 83:36-42. [PMID: 25641087 DOI: 10.1111/cen.12733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2014] [Revised: 01/09/2015] [Accepted: 01/28/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The association of low vitamin D status with mild cognitive impairment (MCI), a preclinical condition that can lead to dementia, has not yet been fully explored. Our aim was to investigate the association between vitamin D status and the future risk of MCI and dementia in older adults. DESIGN, SETTING AND PARTICIPANTS We conducted a population-based prospective study as a part of the Korean Longitudinal Study on Health and Aging. Four hundred and twelve elderly participants who completed evaluations of cognitive function and metabolic parameters in 2005-2006 and 2010-2011 were analysed. MAJOR OUTCOME MEASURE The rate of development of MCI or dementia during the study period was compared according to baseline vitamin D status. Binary logistic regression analysis was performed to investigate any independent association between vitamin D status and the risks of MCI or dementia. RESULTS Among 405 subjects that remained after excluding seven demented subjects at baseline, 338 subjects remained unchanged or improved in their diagnosis for cognitive function during the study period, whereas 67 subjects showed progression to MCI or dementia. When analyzing 236 subjects whose baseline mini-mental state examination (MMSE) scores were <27, severe vitamin D deficiency at baseline, defined as <25 nmol/l, was independently associated with the progression of cognitive impairment. Among 297 subjects who were normal at baseline, 50 acquired MCI and 247 remained normal. Severe vitamin D deficiency was also independently associated with the development of MCI when analyzing 145 subjects whose baseline MMSE scores were <27. CONCLUSION Severe vitamin D deficiency was independently associated with the future risk of MCI as well as dementia, especially in older adults whose baseline MMSE scores had decreased only modestly.
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Affiliation(s)
- J H Moon
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital and Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do, Korea
| | - S Lim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital and Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do, Korea
| | - J W Han
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital and Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do, Korea
| | - K M Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital and Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do, Korea
| | - S H Choi
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital and Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do, Korea
| | - K W Kim
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital and Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do, Korea
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Science, Seoul National University College of Natural Sciences, Seoul, Korea
| | - H C Jang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital and Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do, Korea
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22
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Gurunathan S, Park JH, Han JW, Kim JH. Comparative assessment of the apoptotic potential of silver nanoparticles synthesized by Bacillus tequilensis and Calocybe indica in MDA-MB-231 human breast cancer cells: targeting p53 for anticancer therapy. Int J Nanomedicine 2015; 10:4203-22. [PMID: 26170659 PMCID: PMC4494182 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s83953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 145] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Recently, the use of nanotechnology has been expanding very rapidly in diverse areas of research, such as consumer products, energy, materials, and medicine. This is especially true in the area of nanomedicine, due to physicochemical properties, such as mechanical, chemical, magnetic, optical, and electrical properties, compared with bulk materials. The first goal of this study was to produce silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) using two different biological resources as reducing agents, Bacillus tequilensis and Calocybe indica. The second goal was to investigate the apoptotic potential of the as-prepared AgNPs in breast cancer cells. The final goal was to investigate the role of p53 in the cellular response elicited by AgNPs. Methods The synthesis and characterization of AgNPs were assessed by various analytical techniques, including ultraviolet-visible (UV-vis) spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, dynamic light scattering (DLS), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The apoptotic efficiency of AgNPs was confirmed using a series of assays, including cell viability, leakage of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), DNA fragmentation, mitochondrial membrane potential, and Western blot. Results The absorption spectrum of the yellow AgNPs showed the presence of nanoparticles. XRD and FTIR spectroscopy results confirmed the crystal structure and biomolecules involved in the synthesis of AgNPs. The AgNPs derived from bacteria and fungi showed distinguishable shapes, with an average size of 20 nm. Cell viability assays suggested a dose-dependent toxic effect of AgNPs, which was confirmed by leakage of LDH, activation of ROS, and terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL)-positive cells in MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells. Western blot analyses revealed that AgNPs induce cellular apoptosis via activation of p53, p-Erk1/2, and caspase-3 signaling, and downregulation of Bcl-2. Cells pretreated with pifithrin-alpha were protected from p53-mediated AgNPs-induced toxicity. Conclusion We have demonstrated a simple approach for the synthesis of AgNPs using the novel strains B. tequilensis and C. indica, as well as their mechanism of cell death in a p53-dependent manner in MDA-MB-231 human breast cancer cells. The present findings could provide insight for the future development of a suitable anticancer drug, which may lead to the development of novel nanotherapeutic molecules for the treatment of cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jung Hyun Park
- Department of Animal Biotechnology, Konkuk University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Woong Han
- Department of Animal Biotechnology, Konkuk University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin-Hoi Kim
- Department of Animal Biotechnology, Konkuk University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Yoisungnern T, Choi YJ, Han JW, Kang MH, Das J, Gurunathan S, Kwon DN, Cho SG, Park C, Chang WK, Chang BS, Parnpai R, Kim JH. Internalization of silver nanoparticles into mouse spermatozoa results in poor fertilization and compromised embryo development. Sci Rep 2015; 5:11170. [PMID: 26054035 PMCID: PMC4459204 DOI: 10.1038/srep11170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2015] [Accepted: 05/18/2015] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) have many features that make them attractive as medical devices, especially in therapeutic agents and drug delivery systems. Here we have introduced AgNPs into mouse spermatozoa and then determined the cytotoxic effects of AgNPs on sperm function and subsequent embryo development. Scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy analyses showed that AgNPs could be internalized into sperm cells. Furthermore, exposure to AgNPs inhibited sperm viability and the acrosome reaction in a dose-dependent manner, whereas sperm mitochondrial copy numbers, morphological abnormalities, and mortality due to reactive oxygen species were significantly increased. Likewise, sperm abnormalities due to AgNPs internalization significantly decreased the rate of oocyte fertilization and blastocyst formation. Blastocysts obtained from AgNPs-treated spermatozoa showed lower expression of trophectoderm-associated and pluripotent marker genes. Overall, we propose that AgNPs internalization into spermatozoa may alter sperm physiology, leading to poor fertilization and embryonic development. Such AgNPs-induced reprotoxicity may be a valuable tool as models for testing the safety and applicability of medical devices using AgNPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ton Yoisungnern
- 1] Department of Animal Biotechnology, College of Animal Bioscience and Biotechnology/Animal Resources Research Center, Konkuk University, Seoul 143-701, South Korea [2] Embryo Technology and Stem Cell Research Center, School of Biotechnology, Suranaree University of Technology, Nakhon Ratchasima 30000, Thailand
| | - Yun-Jung Choi
- Department of Animal Biotechnology, College of Animal Bioscience and Biotechnology/Animal Resources Research Center, Konkuk University, Seoul 143-701, South Korea
| | - Jae Woong Han
- Department of Animal Biotechnology, College of Animal Bioscience and Biotechnology/Animal Resources Research Center, Konkuk University, Seoul 143-701, South Korea
| | - Min-Hee Kang
- Department of Animal Biotechnology, College of Animal Bioscience and Biotechnology/Animal Resources Research Center, Konkuk University, Seoul 143-701, South Korea
| | - Joydeep Das
- Department of Animal Biotechnology, College of Animal Bioscience and Biotechnology/Animal Resources Research Center, Konkuk University, Seoul 143-701, South Korea
| | - Sangiliyandi Gurunathan
- Department of Animal Biotechnology, College of Animal Bioscience and Biotechnology/Animal Resources Research Center, Konkuk University, Seoul 143-701, South Korea
| | - Deug-Nam Kwon
- Department of Animal Biotechnology, College of Animal Bioscience and Biotechnology/Animal Resources Research Center, Konkuk University, Seoul 143-701, South Korea
| | - Ssang-Goo Cho
- Department of Animal Biotechnology, College of Animal Bioscience and Biotechnology/Animal Resources Research Center, Konkuk University, Seoul 143-701, South Korea
| | - Chankyu Park
- Department of Animal Biotechnology, College of Animal Bioscience and Biotechnology/Animal Resources Research Center, Konkuk University, Seoul 143-701, South Korea
| | - Won Kyung Chang
- Department of Animal Biotechnology, College of Animal Bioscience and Biotechnology/Animal Resources Research Center, Konkuk University, Seoul 143-701, South Korea
| | - Byung-Soo Chang
- Department of Cosmetology, Hanseo University, Seosan, Chungnam 356-706, Korea
| | - Rangsun Parnpai
- Embryo Technology and Stem Cell Research Center, School of Biotechnology, Suranaree University of Technology, Nakhon Ratchasima 30000, Thailand
| | - Jin-Hoi Kim
- Department of Animal Biotechnology, College of Animal Bioscience and Biotechnology/Animal Resources Research Center, Konkuk University, Seoul 143-701, South Korea
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Gurunathan S, Han JW, Kim ES, Park JH, Kim JH. Reduction of graphene oxide by resveratrol: a novel and simple biological method for the synthesis of an effective anticancer nanotherapeutic molecule. Int J Nanomedicine 2015; 10:2951-69. [PMID: 25931821 PMCID: PMC4404963 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s79879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Graphene represents a monolayer or a few layers of sp2-bonded carbon atoms with a honeycomb lattice structure. Unique physical, chemical, and biological properties of graphene have attracted great interest in various fields including electronics, energy, material industry, and medicine, where it is used for tissue engineering and scaffolding, drug delivery, and as an antibacterial and anticancer agent. However, graphene cytotoxicity for ovarian cancer cells is still not fully investigated. The objective of this study was to synthesize graphene using a natural polyphenol compound resveratrol and to investigate its toxicity for ovarian cancer cells. METHODS The successful reduction of graphene oxide (GO) to graphene was confirmed by UV-vis and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. Dynamic light scattering and scanning electron microscopy were employed to evaluate particle size and surface morphology of GO and resveratrol-reduced GO (RES-rGO). Raman spectroscopy was used to determine the removal of oxygen-containing functional groups from GO surface and to ensure the formation of graphene. We also performed a comprehensive analysis of GO and RES-rGO cytotoxicity by examining the morphology, viability, membrane integrity, activation of caspase-3, apoptosis, and alkaline phosphatase activity of ovarian cancer cells. RESULTS The results also show that resveratrol effectively reduced GO to graphene and the properties of RES-rGO nanosheets were comparable to those of chemically reduced graphene. Biological experiments showed that GO and RES-rGO caused a dose-dependent membrane leakage and oxidative stress in cancer cells, and reduced their viability via apoptosis confirmed by the upregulation of apoptosis executioner caspase-3. CONCLUSION Our data demonstrate a single, simple green approach for the synthesis of highly water-dispersible functionalized graphene nanosheets, suggesting a possibility of replacing toxic hydrazine by a natural and safe phenolic compound resveratrol, which has similar efficacy in the reduction of GO to rGO. Resveratrol-based GO reduction would facilitate large-scale production of graphene-based materials for the emerging graphene-based technologies and biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jae Woong Han
- Department of Animal Biotechnology, Konkuk University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun Su Kim
- Department of Animal Biotechnology, Konkuk University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung Hyun Park
- Department of Animal Biotechnology, Konkuk University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin-Hoi Kim
- Department of Animal Biotechnology, Konkuk University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Zhang XF, Choi YJ, Han JW, Kim E, Park JH, Gurunathan S, Kim JH. Differential nanoreprotoxicity of silver nanoparticles in male somatic cells and spermatogonial stem cells. Int J Nanomedicine 2015; 10:1335-57. [PMID: 25733828 PMCID: PMC4337509 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s76062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) possess unique physical, chemical, and biological properties. AgNPs have been increasingly used as anticancer, antiangiogenic, and antibacterial agents for the treatment of bacterial infections in open wounds as well as in ointments, bandages, and wound dressings. The present study aimed to investigate the effects of two different sizes of AgNPs (10 nm and 20 nm) in male somatic Leydig (TM3) and Sertoli (TM4) cells and spermatogonial stem cells (SSCs). Methods Here, we demonstrate a green and simple method for the synthesis of AgNPs using Bacillus cereus culture supernatants. The synthesized AgNPs were characterized using ultraviolet and visible absorption spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The toxicity of the synthesized AgNPs was evaluated by the effects on cell viability, metabolic activity, oxidative stress, apoptosis, and expression of genes encoding steroidogenic and tight junction proteins. Results AgNPs inhibited the viability and proliferation of TM3 and TM4 cells in a dose- and size-dependent manner by damaging cell membranes and inducing the generation of reactive oxygen species, which in turn affected SSC growth on TM3 and TM4 as feeder cells. Small AgNPs (10 nm) were more cytotoxic than medium-sized nanoparticles (20 nm). TEM revealed the presence of AgNPs in the cell cytoplasm and nucleus, and detected mitochondrial damage and enhanced formation of autosomes and autolysosomes in the AgNP-treated cells. Flow cytometry analysis using Annexin V/propidium iodide staining showed massive cell death by apoptosis or necrosis. Real-time polymerase chain reaction and western blot analyses indicated that in TM3 and TM4 cells, AgNPs activated the p53, p38, and pErk1/2 signaling pathways and significantly downregulated the expression of genes related to testosterone synthesis (TM3) and tight junctions (TM4). Furthermore, the exposure of TM3 and TM4 cells to AgNPs inhibited proliferation and self-renewal of SSCs. Conclusion Our results suggest that AgNPs exhibit size-dependent nanoreprotoxicity in male somatic cells and SSCs, strongly suggesting that applications of AgNPs in commercial products must be carefully evaluated. Further studies of AgNPs-induced nanoreprotoxicity in animal models are required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xi-Feng Zhang
- Department of Animal Biotechnology, Konkuk University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Yun-Jung Choi
- Department of Animal Biotechnology, Konkuk University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jae Woong Han
- Department of Animal Biotechnology, Konkuk University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Eunsu Kim
- Department of Animal Biotechnology, Konkuk University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jung Hyun Park
- Department of Animal Biotechnology, Konkuk University, Seoul, South Korea
| | | | - Jin-Hoi Kim
- Department of Animal Biotechnology, Konkuk University, Seoul, South Korea
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Gurunathan S, Jeong JK, Han JW, Zhang XF, Park JH, Kim JH. Multidimensional effects of biologically synthesized silver nanoparticles in Helicobacter pylori, Helicobacter felis, and human lung (L132) and lung carcinoma A549 cells. Nanoscale Res Lett 2015; 10:35. [PMID: 25852332 PMCID: PMC4384991 DOI: 10.1186/s11671-015-0747-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 130] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2014] [Accepted: 01/10/2015] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) are prominent group of nanomaterials and are recognized for their diverse applications in various health sectors. This study aimed to synthesize the AgNPs using the leaf extract of Artemisia princeps as a bio-reductant. Furthermore, we evaluated the multidimensional effect of the biologically synthesized AgNPs in Helicobacter pylori, Helicobacter felis, and human lung (L132) and lung carcinoma (A549) cells. UV-visible (UV-vis) spectroscopy confirmed the synthesis of AgNPs. X-ray diffraction (XRD) indicated that the AgNPs are specifically indexed to a crystal structure. The results from Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) indicate that biomolecules are involved in the synthesis and stabilization of AgNPs. Dynamic light scattering (DLS) studies showed the average size distribution of the particle between 10 and 40 nm, and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) confirmed that the AgNPs were significantly well separated and spherical with an average size of 20 nm. AgNPs caused dose-dependent decrease in cell viability and biofilm formation and increase in reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation and DNA fragmentation in H. pylori and H. felis. Furthermore, AgNPs induced mitochondrial-mediated apoptosis in A549 cells; conversely, AgNPs had no significant effects on L132 cells. The results from this study suggest that AgNPs could cause cell-specific apoptosis in mammalian cells. Our findings demonstrate that this environmentally friendly method for the synthesis of AgNPs and that the prepared AgNPs have multidimensional effects such as anti-bacterial and anti-biofilm activity against H. pylori and H. felis and also cytotoxic effects against human cancer cells. This report describes comprehensively the effects of AgNPs on bacteria and mammalian cells. We believe that biologically synthesized AgNPs will open a new avenue towards various biotechnological and biomedical applications in the near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sangiliyandi Gurunathan
- />Department of Animal Biotechnology, Konkuk University, 1 Hwayang-Dong, Gwanjgin-gu, 143-701 Seoul South Korea
- />GS Institute of Bio and Nanotechnology, Coimbatore, Tamilnadu India
| | - Jae-Kyo Jeong
- />Department of Animal Biotechnology, Konkuk University, 1 Hwayang-Dong, Gwanjgin-gu, 143-701 Seoul South Korea
| | - Jae Woong Han
- />Department of Animal Biotechnology, Konkuk University, 1 Hwayang-Dong, Gwanjgin-gu, 143-701 Seoul South Korea
| | - Xi-Feng Zhang
- />Department of Animal Biotechnology, Konkuk University, 1 Hwayang-Dong, Gwanjgin-gu, 143-701 Seoul South Korea
| | - Jung Hyun Park
- />Department of Animal Biotechnology, Konkuk University, 1 Hwayang-Dong, Gwanjgin-gu, 143-701 Seoul South Korea
| | - Jin-Hoi Kim
- />Department of Animal Biotechnology, Konkuk University, 1 Hwayang-Dong, Gwanjgin-gu, 143-701 Seoul South Korea
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Gurunathan S, Woong Han J, Kim E, Kwon DN, Park JK, Kim JH. Enhanced green fluorescent protein-mediated synthesis of biocompatible graphene. J Nanobiotechnology 2014; 12:41. [PMID: 25273520 PMCID: PMC4193993 DOI: 10.1186/s12951-014-0041-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2014] [Accepted: 09/26/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Graphene is the 2D form of carbon that exists as a single layer of atoms arranged in a honeycomb lattice and has attracted great interest in the last decade in view of its physical, chemical, electrical, elastic, thermal, and biocompatible properties. The objective of this study was to synthesize an environmentally friendly and simple methodology for the preparation of graphene using a recombinant enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP). RESULTS The successful reduction of GO to graphene was confirmed using UV-vis spectroscopy, and FT-IR. DLS and SEM were employed to demonstrate the particle size and surface morphology of GO and EGFP-rGO. The results from Raman spectroscopy suggest the removal of oxygen-containing functional groups from the surface of GO and formation of graphene with defects. The biocompatibility analysis of GO and EGFP-rGO in human embryonic kidney (HEK) 293 cells suggests that GO induces significant concentration-dependent cell toxicity in HEK cells, whereas graphene exerts no adverse effects on HEK cells even at a higher concentration (100 μg/mL). CONCLUSIONS Altogether, our findings suggest that recombinant EGFP can be used as a reducing and stabilizing agent for the preparation of biocompatible graphene. The novelty and originality of this work is that it describes a safe, simple, and environmentally friendly method for the production of graphene using recombinant enhanced green fluorescent protein. Furthermore, the synthesized graphene shows excellent biocompatibility with HEK cells; therefore, biologically synthesized graphene can be used for biomedical applications. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first and novel report describing the synthesis of graphene using recombinant EGFP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sangiliyandi Gurunathan
- />Department of Animal Biotechnology, Konkuk University, 1 Hwayang-Dong, Gwangin-gu Seoul, 143-701 South Korea
- />GS Institute of Bio and Nanotechnology, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu 641024 India
| | - Jae Woong Han
- />Department of Animal Biotechnology, Konkuk University, 1 Hwayang-Dong, Gwangin-gu Seoul, 143-701 South Korea
| | - Eunsu Kim
- />Department of Animal Biotechnology, Konkuk University, 1 Hwayang-Dong, Gwangin-gu Seoul, 143-701 South Korea
| | - Deug-Nam Kwon
- />Department of Animal Biotechnology, Konkuk University, 1 Hwayang-Dong, Gwangin-gu Seoul, 143-701 South Korea
| | - Jin-Ki Park
- />Animal Biotechnology Division, National Institute of Animal Science, Suwon, 441-350 Korea
| | - Jin-Hoi Kim
- />Department of Animal Biotechnology, Konkuk University, 1 Hwayang-Dong, Gwangin-gu Seoul, 143-701 South Korea
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Han JW, Hamh SY, Kim TH, Lee KS, Yu NE, Ko DK, Lee JS. Extraction of optical constants using multiple reflections in the terahertz emitter-sample hybrid structure. Opt Lett 2014; 39:5531-4. [PMID: 25360920 DOI: 10.1364/ol.39.005531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
To extract optical constants of nontransmitted samples in the terahertz (THz) spectral region, we employ a THz emitter-sample hybrid structure where THz pulses are generated at the emitter surface and multiply reflected at the interface between the THz emitter and the sample. Since each THz electric field profile appears well separated in a time domain, we could obtain the amplitude and phase spectra for each pulse from the Fourier transform, and determine the optical constants of the sample numerically based on the Fresnel equations. We applied this technique for doped semiconductors, and found that obtained optical constants are in good agreement with the values determined by using other conventional THz techniques.
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Han JW, Gurunathan S, Jeong JK, Choi YJ, Kwon DN, Park JK, Kim JH. Oxidative stress mediated cytotoxicity of biologically synthesized silver nanoparticles in human lung epithelial adenocarcinoma cell line. Nanoscale Res Lett 2014; 9:459. [PMID: 25242904 PMCID: PMC4167841 DOI: 10.1186/1556-276x-9-459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2014] [Accepted: 08/18/2014] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
The goal of the present study was to investigate the toxicity of biologically prepared small size of silver nanoparticles in human lung epithelial adenocarcinoma cells A549. Herein, we describe a facile method for the synthesis of silver nanoparticles by treating the supernatant from a culture of Escherichia coli with silver nitrate. The formation of silver nanoparticles was characterized using various analytical techniques. The results from UV-visible (UV-vis) spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction analysis show a characteristic strong resonance centered at 420 nm and a single crystalline nature, respectively. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy confirmed the possible bio-molecules responsible for the reduction of silver from silver nitrate into nanoparticles. The particle size analyzer and transmission electron microscopy results suggest that silver nanoparticles are spherical in shape with an average diameter of 15 nm. The results derived from in vitro studies showed a concentration-dependent decrease in cell viability when A549 cells were exposed to silver nanoparticles. This decrease in cell viability corresponded to increased leakage of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), increased intracellular reactive oxygen species generation (ROS), and decreased mitochondrial transmembrane potential (MTP). Furthermore, uptake and intracellular localization of silver nanoparticles were observed and were accompanied by accumulation of autophagosomes and autolysosomes in A549 cells. The results indicate that silver nanoparticles play a significant role in apoptosis. Interestingly, biologically synthesized silver nanoparticles showed more potent cytotoxicity at the concentrations tested compared to that shown by chemically synthesized silver nanoparticles. Therefore, our results demonstrated that human lung epithelial A549 cells could provide a valuable model to assess the cytotoxicity of silver nanoparticles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jae Woong Han
- Department of Animal Biotechnology, Konkuk University, 1 Hwayang-Dong, Gwangin-gu Seoul 143-701, Korea
| | - Sangiliyandi Gurunathan
- Department of Animal Biotechnology, Konkuk University, 1 Hwayang-Dong, Gwangin-gu Seoul 143-701, Korea
- GS Institute of Bio and Nanotechnology, Coimbatore, Tamilnadu 641024, India
| | - Jae-Kyo Jeong
- Department of Animal Biotechnology, Konkuk University, 1 Hwayang-Dong, Gwangin-gu Seoul 143-701, Korea
| | - Yun-Jung Choi
- Department of Animal Biotechnology, Konkuk University, 1 Hwayang-Dong, Gwangin-gu Seoul 143-701, Korea
| | - Deug-Nam Kwon
- Department of Animal Biotechnology, Konkuk University, 1 Hwayang-Dong, Gwangin-gu Seoul 143-701, Korea
| | - Jin-Ki Park
- Animal Biotechnology Division, National Institute of Animal Science, Suwon 441-350, Korea
| | - Jin-Hoi Kim
- Department of Animal Biotechnology, Konkuk University, 1 Hwayang-Dong, Gwangin-gu Seoul 143-701, Korea
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Han JW, Yoon JS, Jang SY. Short-term effects of topical cyclosporine A 0.05% (Restasis) in long-standing prosthetic eye wearers: a pilot study. Eye (Lond) 2014; 28:1212-7. [PMID: 25081289 DOI: 10.1038/eye.2014.174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2014] [Accepted: 05/20/2014] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Long-standing prosthetic eye wearing induces ocular surface inflammation. We investigated the short-term effects of topical cyclosporine A 0.05% (Restasis) in patients with ocular discomfort resulting from long-standing prosthetic eye wearing. METHODS This was a prospective, interventional case series. Patients who were unilateral prosthetic eye wearers over a period of 5 years were enrolled at a single institution from March to July 2013. The subjects were instructed to instill topical cyclosporine A 0.05% twice per day. Measurements were made pre-treatment and after 1 and 3 months of treatment. Outcome measures were the ocular symptom score, the lid margin abnormality score, the Schirmer test, and the tear meniscus amount, using Fourier-domain optical coherence tomography. RESULTS In total, 20 consecutive patients (mean age: 60.1 years, 8 males, 12 females) were included. Ocular symptoms were improved after treatment for 1 month in all patients (ocular symptom score pre-treatment 76.83 vs 46.75 after treatment; P<0.001). There was no statistically significant difference in lid margin abnormality score or tear meniscus amount. The Schirmer test results were improved after treatment for 3 months (pre- and after treatment, 6.70 vs 11.40; P<0.001). CONCLUSIONS Topical cyclosporine A 0.05% showed a satisfactory effect in long-standing prosthetic eye wearers. Ocular symptoms were markedly relieved in all subjects after treatment for 1 month.
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Affiliation(s)
- J W Han
- Department of Ophthalmology, Soonchunhyang University Bucheon Hospital, Soonchunhyang University College of Medicine, Bucheon,Korea
| | - J S Yoon
- Department of Ophthalmology, Severance Hospital, Institute of Vision Research, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - S Y Jang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Soonchunhyang University Bucheon Hospital, Soonchunhyang University College of Medicine, Bucheon,Korea
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Graphene is a novel two-dimensional planar nanocomposite material consisting of rings of carbon atoms with a hexagonal lattice structure. Graphene exhibits unique physical, chemical, mechanical, electrical, elasticity, and cytocompatible properties that lead to many potential biomedical applications. Nevertheless, the water-insoluble property of graphene restricts its application in various aspects of biomedical fields. Therefore, the objective of this work was to find a novel biological approach for an efficient method to synthesize water-soluble and cytocompatible graphene using Ginkgo biloba extract (GbE) as a reducing and stabilizing agent. In addition, we investigated the biocompatibility effects of graphene in MDA-MB-231 human breast cancer cells. MATERIALS AND METHODS Synthesized graphene oxide (GO) and GbE-reduced GO (Gb-rGO) were characterized using various sequences of techniques: ultraviolet-visible (UV-vis) spectroscopy, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), dynamic light scattering (DLS), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), atomic force microscopy (AFM), and Raman spectroscopy. Biocompatibility of GO and Gb-rGO was assessed in human breast cancer cells using a series of assays, including cell viability, apoptosis, and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity. RESULTS The successful synthesis of graphene was confirmed by UV-vis spectroscopy and FTIR. DLS analysis was performed to determine the average size of GO and Gb-rGO. X-ray diffraction studies confirmed the crystalline nature of graphene. SEM was used to investigate the surface morphologies of GO and Gb-rGO. AFM was employed to investigate the morphologies of prepared graphene and the height profile of GO and Gb-rGO. The formation of defects in Gb-rGO was confirmed by Raman spectroscopy. The biocompatibility of the prepared GO and Gb-rGO was investigated using a water-soluble tetrazolium 8 assay on human breast cancer cells. GO exhibited a dose-dependent toxicity, whereas Gb-rGO-treated cells showed significant biocompatibility and increased ALP activity compared to GO. CONCLUSION In this work, a nontoxic natural reducing agent of GbE was used to prepare soluble graphene. The as-prepared Gb-rGO showed significant biocompatibility with human cancer cells. This simple, cost-effective, and green procedure offers an alternative route for large-scale production of rGO, and could be used for various biomedical applications, such as tissue engineering, drug delivery, biosensing, and molecular imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jae Woong Han
- Department of Animal Biotechnology, Konkuk University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jung Hyun Park
- Department of Animal Biotechnology, Konkuk University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Vasuki Eppakayala
- Department of Animal Biotechnology, Konkuk University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jin-Hoi Kim
- Department of Animal Biotechnology, Konkuk University, Seoul, South Korea
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Gurunathan S, Han JW, Kwon DN, Kim JH. Enhanced antibacterial and anti-biofilm activities of silver nanoparticles against Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria. Nanoscale Res Lett 2014; 9:373. [PMID: 25136281 PMCID: PMC4127560 DOI: 10.1186/1556-276x-9-373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 297] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2014] [Accepted: 07/24/2014] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) have been used as antibacterial, antifungal, antiviral, anti-inflammtory, and antiangiogenic due to its unique properties such as physical, chemical, and biological properties. The present study was aimed to investigate antibacterial and anti-biofilm activities of silver nanoparticles alone and in combination with conventional antibiotics against various human pathogenic bacteria. Here, we show that a simple, reliable, cost effective and green method for the synthesis of AgNPs by treating silver ions with leaf extract of Allophylus cobbe. The A. cobbe-mediated synthesis of AgNPs (AgNPs) was characterized by ultraviolet-visible absorption spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), dynamic light scattering (DLS), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Furthermore, the antibacterial and anti-biofilm activity of antibiotics or AgNPs, or combinations of AgNPs with an antibiotic was evaluated using a series of assays: such as in vitro killing assay, disc diffusion assay, biofilm inhibition, and reactive oxygen species generation in Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Shigella flexneri, Staphylococcus aureus, and Streptococcus pneumonia. The results suggest that, in combination with antibiotics, there were significant antimicrobial and anti-biofilm effects at lowest concentration of AgNPs using a novel plant extract of A. cobbe, otherwise sublethal concentrations of the antibiotics. The significant enhancing effects were observed for ampicillin and vancomycin against Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria, respectively. These data suggest that combining antibiotics and biogenic AgNPs can be used therapeutically for the treatment of infectious diseases caused by bacteria. This study presented evidence of antibacterial and anti-biofilm effects of A. cobbe-mediated synthesis of AgNPs and their enhanced capacity against various human pathogenic bacteria. These results suggest that AgNPs could be used as an adjuvant for the treatment of infectious diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sangiliyandi Gurunathan
- Department of Animal Biotechnology, Konkuk University, 1 Hwayang-Dong, Gwangin-gu, Seoul 143-701, South Korea
- GS Institute of Bio and Nanotechnology, Coimbatore, Tamilnadu, India
| | - Jae Woong Han
- Department of Animal Biotechnology, Konkuk University, 1 Hwayang-Dong, Gwangin-gu, Seoul 143-701, South Korea
| | - Deug-Nam Kwon
- Department of Animal Biotechnology, Konkuk University, 1 Hwayang-Dong, Gwangin-gu, Seoul 143-701, South Korea
| | - Jin-Hoi Kim
- Department of Animal Biotechnology, Konkuk University, 1 Hwayang-Dong, Gwangin-gu, Seoul 143-701, South Korea
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Han JW, Lee MJ, Park HK, Shin JH, An MS, Ha TK, Kim KH, Bae KB, Kim TH, Choi CS, Oh SH, Oh MK, Kang MS, Hong KH. Association between a close distal resection margin and recurrence after a sphincter-saving resection for t3 mid- or low-rectal cancer without radiotherapy. Ann Coloproctol 2013; 29:231-7. [PMID: 24466537 PMCID: PMC3895546 DOI: 10.3393/ac.2013.29.6.231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2013] [Accepted: 07/12/2013] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To maintain the patient's quality of life, surgeons strive to preserve the sphincter during rectal cancer surgery. This study evaluated the oncologic safety of a sphincter-saving resection with a distal resection margin (DRM) <1 cm without radiotherapy in T3, mid- or low-rectal cancer. METHODS This retrospective study enrolled 327 patients who underwent a sphincter-saving resection for proven T3 rectal cancer located <10 cm from the anal verge and without radiotherapy between January 1995 and December 2011. The oncologic outcomes included the 5-year cancer-specific survival, the local recurrence, and the systemic recurrence rates. RESULTS In groups A (DRM ≤1 cm) and B (DRM >1 cm), the 5-year cancer-specific survival rates were 81.57% and 80.03% (P = 0.8543), the 5-year local recurrence rates were 6.69% and 9.52% (P = 0.3981), and the 5-year systemic recurrence rates were 19.46% and 23.11% (P = 0.5750), respectively. CONCLUSION This study showed that the close DRM itself should not be a contraindication for a sphincter-saving resection for T3 mid- or low-rectal cancer without radiotherapy. However, a prospective randomized controlled trial including the effect of adjuvant therapy will be needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jae Woong Han
- Department of Surgery, Inje University Busan Paik Hospital, Inje University College of Medicine, Busan, Korea
| | - Min Jae Lee
- Department of Surgery, Inje University Busan Paik Hospital, Inje University College of Medicine, Busan, Korea
| | - Ha Kyung Park
- Department of Surgery, Inje University Busan Paik Hospital, Inje University College of Medicine, Busan, Korea
| | - Jae Ho Shin
- Department of Surgery, Inje University Busan Paik Hospital, Inje University College of Medicine, Busan, Korea
| | - Min Sung An
- Department of Surgery, Inje University Busan Paik Hospital, Inje University College of Medicine, Busan, Korea
| | - Tae Kwun Ha
- Department of Surgery, Inje University Busan Paik Hospital, Inje University College of Medicine, Busan, Korea
| | - Kwang Hee Kim
- Department of Surgery, Inje University Busan Paik Hospital, Inje University College of Medicine, Busan, Korea
| | - Ki Beom Bae
- Department of Surgery, Inje University Busan Paik Hospital, Inje University College of Medicine, Busan, Korea
| | - Tae Hyun Kim
- Department of Surgery, Inje University Busan Paik Hospital, Inje University College of Medicine, Busan, Korea
| | - Chang Soo Choi
- Department of Surgery, Inje University Busan Paik Hospital, Inje University College of Medicine, Busan, Korea
| | - Sang Hoon Oh
- Department of Surgery, Inje University Busan Paik Hospital, Inje University College of Medicine, Busan, Korea
| | - Min Kyung Oh
- Clinical Trial Center in Pharmacology, Inje University Busan Paik Hospital, Inje University College of Medicine, Busan, Korea
| | - Mi Seon Kang
- Department of Pathology, Inje University Busan Paik Hospital, Inje University College of Medicine, Busan, Korea
| | - Kwan Hee Hong
- Department of Surgery, Inje University Busan Paik Hospital, Inje University College of Medicine, Busan, Korea
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Zhang ZY, Han JW, Jin Q, Wang Y, Pang XM, Li YY. Development and characterization of new microsatellites for walnut (Juglans regia). Genet Mol Res 2013; 12:4723-34. [PMID: 24222248 DOI: 10.4238/2013.october.18.10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
The expressed sequence tag (EST) database represents a potentially valuable resource for the development of simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers for use in evolutionary studies. EST-SSRs reveal polymorphisms not only within the source taxon, but in related taxa as well. In this paper, we describe a case study in which the publicly available walnut (Juglans regia) EST database was used to develop SSR markers for use in the genetic analysis of the widespread Juglans nigra and Carya cathayensis and an endangered species Annamocarya sinensis. A total of 7262 unigenes, including 1911 contigs and 5351 singletons, were obtained from 13,559 ESTs retrieved from the NCBI database. The 7262 unigenes were further reduced to 706 EST-SSR sequences containing 805 SSR loci. Then, 309 EST-SSR primers were randomly designed, and 77 were identified with five high across-species transferability cross-species: namely, J. regia, J. nigra, C. cathayensis, Carya dabieshanensis, and A. sinensis. Thirteen highly polymorphic EST-SSRs were further used for genetic analyses in these above five species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Z Y Zhang
- National Engineering Laboratory for Tree Breeding of the National Development and Reform Commission, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
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Gurunathan S, Han JW, Eppakayala V, Dayem AA, Kwon DN, Kim JH. Biocompatibility effects of biologically synthesized graphene in primary mouse embryonic fibroblast cells. Nanoscale Res Lett 2013; 8:393. [PMID: 24059222 PMCID: PMC3850464 DOI: 10.1186/1556-276x-8-393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2013] [Accepted: 09/02/2013] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Due to unique properties and unlimited possible applications, graphene has attracted abundant interest in the areas of nanobiotechnology. Recently, much work has focused on the synthesis and properties of graphene. Here we show that a successful reduction of graphene oxide (GO) using spinach leaf extract (SLE) as a simultaneous reducing and stabilizing agent. The as-prepared SLE-reduced graphene oxide (S-rGO) was characterized by ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. Dynamic light scattering technique was used to determine the average size of GO and S-rGO. Scanning electron microscopy and atomic force microscopy images provide clear surface morphological evidence for the formation of graphene. The resulting S-rGO has a mostly single-layer structure, is stable, and has significant water solubility. In addition, the biocompatibility of graphene was investigated using cell viability, leakage of lactate dehydrogenase and alkaline phosphatase activity in primary mouse embryonic fibroblast (PMEFs) cells. The results suggest that the biologically synthesized graphene has significant biocompatibility with PMEF cells, even at a higher concentration of 100 μg/mL. This method uses a 'green', natural reductant and is free of additional stabilizing reagents; therefore, it is an environmentally friendly, simple, and cost-effective method for the fabrication of soluble graphene. This study could open up a promising view for substitution of hydrazine by a safe, biocompatible, and powerful reduction for the efficient deoxygenation of GO, especially in large-scale production and potential biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sangiliyandi Gurunathan
- Department of Animal Biotechnology, Konkuk University, 1 Hwayang-Dong, Gwangin-gu, Seoul 143-701, South Korea
| | - Jae Woong Han
- Department of Animal Biotechnology, Konkuk University, 1 Hwayang-Dong, Gwangin-gu, Seoul 143-701, South Korea
| | - Vasuki Eppakayala
- Department of Animal Biotechnology, Konkuk University, 1 Hwayang-Dong, Gwangin-gu, Seoul 143-701, South Korea
| | - Ahmed Abdal Dayem
- Department of Animal Biotechnology, Konkuk University, 1 Hwayang-Dong, Gwangin-gu, Seoul 143-701, South Korea
| | - Deug-Nam Kwon
- Department of Animal Biotechnology, Konkuk University, 1 Hwayang-Dong, Gwangin-gu, Seoul 143-701, South Korea
| | - Jin-Hoi Kim
- Department of Animal Biotechnology, Konkuk University, 1 Hwayang-Dong, Gwangin-gu, Seoul 143-701, South Korea
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Gurunathan S, Han JW, Dayem AA, Eppakayala V, Park JH, Cho SG, Lee KJ, Kim JH. Green synthesis of anisotropic silver nanoparticles and its potential cytotoxicity in human breast cancer cells (MCF-7). J IND ENG CHEM 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jiec.2013.01.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Han JW, Lee KH, Hwang HY, Kim KB. Off-pump coronary revascularization performed concomitant with non-cardiovascular surgery. J Cardiothorac Surg 2013. [PMCID: PMC3844581 DOI: 10.1186/1749-8090-8-s1-o179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
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Han JW, Jang SI, Ma DW, Yoon SO, Lee DK. Invaginated ampulla of Vater in synchronous malignant intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasm of the pancreas and common bile duct cancer. Endoscopy 2013; 45 Suppl 2 UCTN:E25-6. [PMID: 23468151 DOI: 10.1055/s-0032-1326106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- J W Han
- Department of Internal Medicine, Gangnam Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Graphene is a single-atom thick, two-dimensional sheet of hexagonally arranged carbon atoms isolated from its three-dimensional parent material, graphite. One of the most common methods for preparation of graphene is chemical exfoliation of graphite using powerful oxidizing agents. Generally, graphene is synthesized through deoxygenation of graphene oxide (GO) by using hydrazine, which is one of the most widespread and strongest reducing agents. Due to the high toxicity of hydrazine, it is not a promising reducing agent in large-scale production of graphene; therefore, this study focused on a green or sustainable synthesis of graphene and the biocompatibility of graphene in primary mouse embryonic fibroblast cells (PMEFs). METHODS Here, we demonstrated a simple, rapid, and green chemistry approach for the synthesis of reduced GO (rGO) from GO using triethylamine (TEA) as a reducing agent and stabilizing agent. The obtained TEA reduced GO (TEA-rGO) was characterized by ultraviolet (UV)-visible absorption spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD), particle size dynamic light scattering (DLS), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Raman spectroscopy, and atomic force microscopy (AFM). RESULTS The transition of graphene oxide to graphene was confirmed by UV-visible spectroscopy. XRD and SEM were used to investigate the crystallinity of graphene and the surface morphologies of prepared graphene respectively. The formation of defects further supports the functionalization of graphene as indicated in the Raman spectrum of TEA-rGO. Surface morphology and the thickness of the GO and TEA-rGO were analyzed using AFM. The presented results suggest that TEA-rGO shows significantly more biocompatibility with PMEFs cells than GO. CONCLUSION This is the first report about using TEA as a reducing as well as a stabilizing agent for the preparation of biocompatible graphene. The proposed safe and green method offers substitute routes for large-scale production of graphene for several biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jae Woong Han
- Department of Animal Biotechnology, Konkuk University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jin-Hoi Kim
- Department of Animal Biotechnology, Konkuk University, Seoul, South Korea
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Gurunathan S, Han JW, Eppakayala V, Kim JH. Biocompatibility of microbially reduced graphene oxide in primary mouse embryonic fibroblast cells. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2013; 105:58-66. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2012.12.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2012] [Revised: 12/10/2012] [Accepted: 12/17/2012] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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Abstract
The endangered perennial plant Annamocarya sinensis (Dode) Leroy is a tertiary relict tree restricted to southeastern China and northern Vietnam. To explore endangerment mechanisms, develop protection strategies, and guide reintroduction efforts for this species, we investigated genetic diversity and population structure by surveying 70 individuals from three distinct populations using 12 polymorphic microsatellite markers. We found high genetic diversity for A. sinensis as indicated by high allelic diversity (allelic number = 4.667 ± 0.436, effective number of alleles = 2.913 ± 0.249), excess heterozygosity (observed heterozygosity = 0.586 ± 0.039, expected heterozygosity = 0.582 ± 0.029), and low fixation index (-0.028 ± 0.057). Our research revealed low genetic differentiation (FST = 0.066 ± 0.011) and no correlation between genetic distance and geographic distance. Analysis of molecular variance attributed 87% of the variance to differences within the population, whereas 13% was distributed among populations. The protection strategy should aim to protect as many populations as possible. Promoting sexual reproduction among various genotypes and establishing an outcrossing program are advisable for A. sinensis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Z Y Zhang
- National Engineering Laboratory for Tree Breeding of the National Development and Reform Commission, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
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Abstract
BACKGROUND This paper describes an environmentally friendly ("green") approach for the synthesis of soluble graphene using Bacillus marisflavi biomass as a reducing and stabilizing agent under mild conditions in aqueous solution. In addition, the study reported here investigated the cytotoxicity effects of graphene oxide (GO) and bacterially reduced graphene oxide (B-rGO) on the inhibition of cell viability, reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, and membrane integrity in human breast cancer cells. METHODS The reduction of GO was characterized by ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy. Size distribution was analyzed by dynamic light scattering. Further, X-ray diffraction and high-resolution scanning electron microscopy were used to investigate the crystallinity of graphene and the morphologies of prepared graphene, respectively. The formation of defects further supports the bio-functionalization of graphene, as indicated in the Raman spectrum of B-rGO. Surface morphology and the thickness of the GO and B-rGO were analyzed using atomic force microscopy, while the biocompatibility of GO and B-rGO were investigated using WST-8 assays on MCF-7 cells. Finally, cellular toxicity was evaluated by ROS generation and membrane integrity assays. RESULTS In this study, we demonstrated an environmentally friendly, cost-effective, and simple method for the preparation of water-soluble graphene using bacterial biomass. This reduction method avoids the use of toxic reagents such as hydrazine and hydrazine hydrate. The synthesized soluble graphene was confirmed using various analytical techniques. Our results suggest that both GO and B-rGO exhibit toxicity to MCF-7 cells in a dose-dependent manner, with a dose > 60 μg/mL exhibiting obvious cytotoxicity effects, such as decreasing cell viability, increasing ROS generation, and releasing of lactate dehydrogenase. CONCLUSION We developed a green and a simple approach to produce graphene using bacterial biomass as a reducing and stabilizing agent. The proposed approach confers B-rGO with great potential for various biological and biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jae Woong Han
- Department of Animal Biotechnology, Konkuk University, Seoul, South
Korea
| | - Vasuki Eppakayala
- Department of Animal Biotechnology, Konkuk University, Seoul, South
Korea
| | - Jin-Hoi Kim
- Department of Animal Biotechnology, Konkuk University, Seoul, South
Korea
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Gurunathan S, Han JW, Eppakayala V, Jeyaraj M, Kim JH. An environmentally friendly approach to the reduction of graphene oxide by Escherichia fergusoni. J Nanosci Nanotechnol 2013; 13:2091-2098. [PMID: 23755651 DOI: 10.1166/jnn.2013.6738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Graphene has attracted a great deal of scientific interest due to its unique properties and its various prospective applications. However, the use of graphene in technological purposes depends on the development of suitable methodologies for its mass production. Several environmentally safe methods have been emerging for the production of graphene from graphite oxide which are based on the solvothermal and the electrochemical processes. Herein, we developed a green, simple and cost effective approach to produce graphene by using an Escherichia fergusoni as a reducing agent. This reduction method avoids the use of environmentally harmful reagents such as hydrazine and hydrazine hydrate. The resulting reduced graphene oxide (rGO) was characterized by a wide range of analytical techniques. UV-Vis spectra of the samples confirm the transition of graphene oxide (GO) into graphene. Fourier transform infra-red spectroscopy (FT-IR) spectrum of the rGO indicates a significant reduction of the intensity of all oxygen containing moieties suggesting efficient conversion of GO to rGO. X-ray diffraction (XRD) was used to investigate the crystalline of graphene nanosheets, whereas high resolution scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and atomic force microscopy (AFM) were employed to investigate the morphologies of prepared graphene. Raman spectroscopy images provide clear evidence for the formation of graphene. All these findings clearly indicate that GO could be reduced by simple, eco-friendly method by using E. fergusoni to produce water dispersible graphene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sangiliyandi Gurunathan
- Department of Animal Biotechnology, Konkuk University, 1 Hwayang-Dong, Gwangin-gu, Seoul-143-701, Korea
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Gurunathan S, Han JW, Eppakayala V, Kim JH. Microbial reduction of graphene oxide by Escherichia coli: A green chemistry approach. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2013; 102:772-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2012.09.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 137] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2012] [Revised: 09/06/2012] [Accepted: 09/06/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Gurunathan S, Han JW, Dayem AA, Eppakayala V, Kim JH. Oxidative stress-mediated antibacterial activity of graphene oxide and reduced graphene oxide in Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Int J Nanomedicine 2012; 7:5901-14. [PMID: 23226696 PMCID: PMC3514835 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s37397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 418] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Graphene holds great promise for potential use in next-generation electronic and photonic devices due to its unique high carrier mobility, good optical transparency, large surface area, and biocompatibility. The aim of this study was to investigate the antibacterial effects of graphene oxide (GO) and reduced graphene oxide (rGO) in Pseudomonas aeruginosa. In this work, we used a novel reducing agent, betamercaptoethanol (BME), for synthesis of graphene to avoid the use of toxic materials. To uncover the impacts of GO and rGO on human health, the antibacterial activity of two types of graphene-based material toward a bacterial model P. aeruginosa was studied and compared. Methods The synthesized GO and rGO was characterized by ultraviolet-visible absorption spectroscopy, particle-size analyzer, X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy and Raman spectroscopy. Further, to explain the antimicrobial activity of graphene oxide and reduced graphene oxide, we employed various assays, such as cell growth, cell viability, reactive oxygen species generation, and DNA fragmentation. Results Ultraviolet-visible spectra of the samples confirmed the transition of GO into graphene. Dynamic light-scattering analyses showed the average size among the two types of graphene materials. X-ray diffraction data validated the structure of graphene sheets, and high-resolution scanning electron microscopy was employed to investigate the morphologies of prepared graphene. Raman spectroscopy data indicated the removal of oxygen-containing functional groups from the surface of GO and the formation of graphene. The exposure of cells to GO and rGO induced the production of superoxide radical anion and loss of cell viability. Results suggest that the antibacterial activities are contributed to by loss of cell viability, induced oxidative stress, and DNA fragmentation. Conclusion The antibacterial activities of GO and rGO against P. aeruginosa were compared. The loss of P. aeruginosa viability increased in a dose- and time-dependent manner. Exposure to GO and rGO induced significant production of superoxide radical anion compared to control. GO and rGO showed dose-dependent antibacterial activity against P. aeruginosa cells through the generation of reactive oxygen species, leading to cell death, which was further confirmed through resulting nuclear fragmentation. The data presented here are novel in that they prove that GO and rGO are effective bactericidal agents against P. aeruginosa, which would be used as a future antibacterial agent.
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Kim JW, Han JW, Jung SY, Jung JP, Kim JW. Synchronous double primary malignant tumor of the gallbladder and liver: a case report. World J Surg Oncol 2011; 9:84. [PMID: 21812959 PMCID: PMC3168408 DOI: 10.1186/1477-7819-9-84] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2011] [Accepted: 08/03/2011] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
We report a case of synchronous double primary tumor of gallbladder and liver. A 63-year-old male was admitted to the hospital complaining of abdominal discomfort. Enhanced computed tomography of the abdomen showed acute cholecystitis with tiny gallbladder stones and a 2.2 cm size enhanced nodule in the left lobe of the liver. Under the impression of acute cholecystitis with gall bladder stones and hepatocellular carcinoma of the left Liver, the patient underwent a laparotomy. At laparotomy, a mass was palpated on the surface of the neck portion of the gall bladder. Intraoperative frozen diagnosis revealed adenocarcinoma of the gall bladder. The patient was diagnosed as having gall bladder cancer and hepatocellular carcinoma, so extended cholecystectomy with dissection of regional lymph nodes and left hemihepatectomy were performed. Histological examination revealed moderated differentiated adenocarcinoma of gallbladder and hepatocellular carcinoma of liver. To our knowledge, the simultaneous occurrence of primary malignant tumor of the gallbladder and liver has never been published before. The patient is doing well with no evidence of recurrence 17 months after surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji Won Kim
- Department of Surgery, Kangnam Sacred Heart Hospital, Hallym Medical Center, 948-1, Daerim-1Dong, Yeongdeunpo-gu, Seoul 150-950, Korea
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Park SY, Jeong KJ, Panupinthu N, Yu S, Lee J, Han JW, Kim JM, Lee JS, Kang J, Park CG, Mills GB, Lee HY. Lysophosphatidic acid augments human hepatocellular carcinoma cell invasion through LPA1 receptor and MMP-9 expression. Oncogene 2010; 30:1351-9. [PMID: 21102517 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2010.517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Lysophosphatidic acid (LPA), produced extracellularly by autotaxin (ATX), has diverse biological activities implicated in tumor initiation and progression, including increasing cell survival, angiogenesis, invasion and metastasis. ATX, LPA and the matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-9 have all been implicated in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) invasion and metastasis. We, thus sought to determine whether ATX with subsequent LPA production and action, including induction of MMP-9 could provide a unifying mechanism. ATX transcripts and LPA receptor type 1 (LPA1) protein are elevated in HCC compared with normal tissues. Silencing or pharmacological inhibition of LPA1 significantly attenuated LPA-induced MMP-9 expression and HCC cell invasion. Further, reducing MMP-9 activity or expression significantly inhibits LPA-induced HCC cell invasion, demonstrating that MMP-9 is downstream of LPA1. Inhibition of phosphoinositide-3 kinase (PI3K) signaling or dominant-negative mutants of protein kinase Cδ and p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) abrogated LPA-induced MMP-9 expression and subsequent invasion. We thus demonstrate a mechanistic cascade of ATX-producing LPA with LPA activating LPA1 and inducing MMP-9 through coordinate activation of the PI3K and the p38 MPAK signaling cascades, providing novel biomarkers and potential therapeutic targets for HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Y Park
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Konyang University, Daejeon, Korea
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Lee S, Han JW, Leeper L, Gruver JS, Chung CY. Regulation of the formation and trafficking of vesicles from Golgi by PCH family proteins during chemotaxis. Biochim Biophys Acta 2009; 1793:1199-209. [PMID: 19409937 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2009.04.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2008] [Revised: 04/22/2009] [Accepted: 04/24/2009] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Previous study demonstrated that WASP localizes on vesicles during Dictyostelium chemotaxis and these vesicles appear to be preferentially distributed at the leading and trailing edge of migrating cells. In this study, we have examined the role of PCH family proteins, Nwk/Bzz1p-like protein (NLP) and Syndapin-like protein (SLP), in the regulation of the formation and trafficking of WASP-vesicles during chemotaxis. NLP and SLP appear to be functionally redundant and deletion of both nlp and slp genes causes the loss of polarized F-actin organization and significant defects in chemotaxis. WASP and NLP are colocalized on vesicles and interactions between two molecules via the SH3 domain of NLP/SLP and the proline-rich repeats of WASP are required for vesicle formation from Golgi. Microtubules are required for polarized trafficking of these vesicles as vesicles showing high directed mobility are absent in cells treated with nocodazole. Our results suggest that interaction of WASP with NLP/SLP is required for the formation and trafficking of vesicles from Golgi to the membrane, which might play a central role in the establishment of cell polarity during chemotaxis.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Lee
- Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232-6600, USA
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Han JW, Kwon SY, Won SC, Shin YJ, Ko JH, Lyu CJ. Comprehensive clinical follow-up of late effects in childhood cancer survivors shows the need for early and well-timed intervention. Ann Oncol 2009; 20:1170-7. [PMID: 19270031 DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mdn778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Due to recent advances in treatment, nearly 80% of childhood cancer patients become long-term survivors. Studies on the late effects of survivors are under way worldwide. However, data on Asian survivors remain limited. METHODS Data on 241 survivors at the Long-term Follow-up Clinic in Severance Hospital, South Korea, were collected and late effects were confirmed by oncologists. RESULTS The median follow-up from diagnosis was 7.8 years. Late effects were identified in 59.8% of survivors and 23.2% had two or more late effects. Grade 3 or higher late effects were present in 10.8%. The most common late effects involved endocrine system (29.0%). Late effects were present in 95.7% of brain tumor survivors and 36.0% of Wilms' tumor survivors. Chemotherapy, hematopoietic stem-cell transplantation and radiotherapy were significant factors associated with the number and severity of late effects (P < 0.05). Brain tumor survivors had more severe late effects (P < 0.001), whereas Wilms' tumor survivors had fewer and milder late effects (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION The observation that over 50% of cancer survivors suffered from late effects during the short follow-up period and that a high frequency of endocrine late effects was present indicates the need for early and well-timed intervention of the survivors.
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Affiliation(s)
- J W Han
- Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Yonsei University Health System, Seoul, Korea
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Kang S, Kim KH, Kim YT, Kim YT, Kim JH, Song YS, Shin SH, Ryu HS, Han JW, Kang JH, Park SY. Safety and immunogenicity of a vaccine targeting human papillomavirus types 6, 11, 16 and 18: a randomized, placebo-controlled trial in 176 Korean subjects. Int J Gynecol Cancer 2007; 18:1013-9. [PMID: 17986242 DOI: 10.1111/j.1525-1438.2007.01123.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Human papillomavirus (HPV) is a major causative agent of anogenital warts and a necessary cause of cervical cancer. This report will serve to assess the safety and immunogenicity of quadrivalent (types 6, 11, 16, and 18) HPV L1 virus-like particle (VLP) vaccine in the Korean population. We performed a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study in 176 volunteers aged 9-23 years. Using a 2:1 ratio for randomization, 117 women were assigned to quadrivalent HPV (20 mug type 6, 40 mug type 11, 40 mug type 16, and 20 mug type 18) vaccine and 59 women to placebo. Individuals received vaccine at day 1, month 2, and month 6 and provided blood samples for analysis at enrollment at month 7. Analyses were done as specified in the study protocol. Quadrivalent HPV vaccine was generally well tolerated, with no vaccine-related serious adverse experiences. Quadrivalent HPV vaccine induced seroconversion for each vaccine-related HPV type. At month 7, vaccine-induced type-specific antibody titer was high. In conclusion, administration of quadrivalent HPV VLP vaccine to Korean women aged 9-23 years was generally well tolerated and highly immunogenic.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Kang
- Branch of Uterine Cancer Research, National Cancer Center, Goyang, Korea
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