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Fecchio A, Dias RI, De La Torre GM, Bell JA, Sagario MC, Gorosito CA, dos Anjos CC, Lugarini C, Piacentini VQ, Pinho JB, Kirchgatter K, Ricklefs RE, Schunck F, Cueto VR. Beta diversity, prevalence, and specificity of avian haemosporidian parasites throughout the annual cycle of Chilean Elaenia ( Elaenia chilensis), a Neotropical austral migrant. Parasitology 2022; 149:1760-1768. [PMID: 36165282 PMCID: PMC11010540 DOI: 10.1017/s0031182022001317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2022] [Revised: 07/25/2022] [Accepted: 09/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Migratory birds are implicated in dispersing haemosporidian parasites over great geographic distances. However, their role in sharing these vector-transmitted blood parasites with resident avian host species along their migration flyway is not well understood. We studied avian haemosporidian parasites in 10 localities where Chilean Elaenia, a long-distance Neotropical austral migrant species, spends part of its annual cycle to determine local parasite transmission among resident sympatric host species in the elaenia's distributional range across South America. We sampled 371 Chilean Elaenias and 1,818 birds representing 243 additional sympatric species from Brazilian wintering grounds to Argentinian breeding grounds. The 23 haemosporidian lineages found in Chilean Elaenias exhibited considerable variation in distribution, specialization, and turnover across the 10 avian communities in South America. Parasite lineage dissimilarity increased with geographic distance, and infection probability by Parahaemoproteus decreased in localities harbouring a more diverse haemosporidian fauna. Furthermore, blood smears from migrating Chilean Elaenias and local resident avian host species did not contain infective stages of Leucocytozoon, suggesting that transmission did not take place in the Brazilian stopover site. Our analyses confirm that this Neotropical austral migrant connects avian host communities and transports haemosporidian parasites along its distributional range in South America. However, the lack of transmissive stages at stopover site and the infrequent parasite lineage sharing between migratory host populations and residents at breeding and wintering grounds suggest that Chilean Elaenias do not play a significant role in dispersing haemosporidian parasites, nor do they influence local transmission across South America.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alan Fecchio
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Ecologia e Conservação da Biodiversidade, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso, Cuiabá, MT, Brazil
- Laboratorio de Ecología de Aves, Centro de Investigación Esquel de Montaña y Estepa Patagónica (CIEMEP), CONICET – Universidad Nacional de la Patagonia San Juan Bosco, Esquel, Chubut, Argentina
| | - Raphael I. Dias
- Faculdade de Ciências da Educação e Saúde, Centro Universitário de Brasília, Brasília, DF, Brazil
| | - Gabriel M. De La Torre
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Ecologia e Conservação, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Curitiba, PR, Brazil
| | - Jeffrey A. Bell
- Department of Biology, University of North Dakota, Grand Forks, ND, USA
| | - M. Cecilia Sagario
- Grupo de Ecología Terrestre de Neuquén, Instituto de Investigaciones en Biodiversidad y Medioambiente (INIBIOMA–CONICET and UNComahue), and Centro de Ecología Aplicada del Neuquén (CEAN), Junín de los Andes, Neuquén, Argentina
| | - Cristian A. Gorosito
- Laboratorio de Ecología de Aves, Centro de Investigación Esquel de Montaña y Estepa Patagónica (CIEMEP), CONICET – Universidad Nacional de la Patagonia San Juan Bosco, Esquel, Chubut, Argentina
| | - Carolina C. dos Anjos
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Medicina Tropical, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Camile Lugarini
- Centro Nacional de Pesquisa e Conservação de Aves Silvestres, Instituto Chico Mendes de Conservação da Biodiversidade, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil
| | - Vítor Q. Piacentini
- Departamento de Biologia e Zoologia & Programa de Pós-graduação em Zoologia, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso, Cuiabá, MT, Brazil
| | - João B. Pinho
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Ecologia e Conservação da Biodiversidade, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso, Cuiabá, MT, Brazil
| | - Karin Kirchgatter
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Medicina Tropical, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
- Laboratório de Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular, Superintendência de Controle de Endemias, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Robert E. Ricklefs
- Department of Biology, University of Missouri-St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Fabio Schunck
- Brazilian Committee for Ornithological Records – CBRO, Brazil
| | - Victor R. Cueto
- Laboratorio de Ecología de Aves, Centro de Investigación Esquel de Montaña y Estepa Patagónica (CIEMEP), CONICET – Universidad Nacional de la Patagonia San Juan Bosco, Esquel, Chubut, Argentina
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Euclydes L, De La Torre GM, Dudczak AC, Melo FTDV, Campião KM. Ecological specificity explains infection parameters of anuran parasites at different scales. Parasitology 2022:1-8. [PMID: 35195062 DOI: 10.1017/s0031182022000087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Understanding the determinants of parasite infection in different hosts is one of the main goals of disease ecology. Evaluating the relationship between parasite–host specificity and infection parameters within host communities and populations may contribute to this understanding. Here we propose two measures of specificity that encompasses phylogenetic and ecological relatedness among hosts and investigated how such metrics explain parasite infection prevalence and mean infection intensity (MII). We analysed the parasites associated with an anuran community in an area of Atlantic Forest and used the number of infected hosts and the net relatedness index to calculate the phylogenetic and ecological specificities of the parasites. These specificity measures were related to infection metrics (prevalence and MII) with generalized linear mixed models at community (all hosts) and population (infected host species) scales. Parasite prevalence was correlated with the number of infected hosts and, when considering only multi-host parasites, was positively related to parasite ecological specificity at community and population scales. Thus, parasite species have similar prevalences in ecologically closer hosts. No relationship was found for parasite MII. Incorporating ecological characteristics of hosts in parasite specificity analyses improves the detection of patterns of specificity across scales.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorena Euclydes
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba, Paraná81531-980, Brazil
| | - Gabriel M De La Torre
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba, Paraná81531-980, Brazil
| | - Amanda Caroline Dudczak
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba, Paraná81531-980, Brazil
| | - Francisco Tiago de Vasconcelos Melo
- Laboratory of Cell Biology and Helminthology 'Prof. Dr. Reinalda Marisa Lanfredi', Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Pará, Belém, Pará66075-110, Brazil
| | - Karla Magalhães Campião
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba, Paraná81531-980, Brazil
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Abstract
IN FOCUS Dáttilo, W., Barrozo-Chávez, N., Lira-Noriega, A., Guevara, R., Villalobos, F., Santiago-Alarcon, D., Neves, F. S., Izzo, T., & Ribeiro, S. P. (2020). Species-level drivers of mammalian ectoparasite faunas. Journal of Animal Ecology. https://doi.org/10.1111/1365-2656.13216. The question of what drives the number of parasite species able to infect a given host species is still a largely open question, despite decades of research. Dáttilo and colleagues examine the potential drivers of ectoparasite species across a large set of host species to explore the taxonomic and trait drivers of host-parasite interactions. Here, we contextualize their findings, explore what is known about parasite species richness, and identify some potential next steps towards answers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tad Dallas
- Department of Biological Sciences, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA, USA
| | - Lauren A Holian
- Department of Biology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Grant Foster
- Odum School of Ecology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
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Abstract
Complex life cycle parasites, including helminths, use intermediate hosts for development and definitive hosts for reproduction, with interactions between the two host types governed by food web structure. I study how a parasite's intermediate host range is controlled by the diet breadth of definitive host species and the cost of parasite generalism, a putative fitness cost that assumes host range trades off against fitness derived from a host species. In spite of such costs, a benefit to generalism may occur when the definitive host exhibits a large diet breadth, enhancing transmission of generalist parasites via consumption of a broad array of infected intermediate hosts. I develop a simple theoretical model to demonstrate how different host range infection strategies are differentially selected for across a gradient of definitive host diet breadth according to the cost of generalism. I then use a parasitic helminth-host database in conjunction with a food web database to show that diet breadth of definitive hosts promotes generalist infection strategies at the intermediate host level, indicating relatively low costs of parasite generalism among helminths.
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Affiliation(s)
- A W Park
- Odum School of Ecology, Center for Ecology of Infectious Diseases and Department of Infectious Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
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