1
|
Balconi M, Acconito C, Allegretta RA, Angioletti L. Neurophysiological and Autonomic Correlates of Metacognitive Control of and Resistance to Distractors in Ecological Setting: A Pilot Study. Sensors (Basel) 2024; 24:2171. [PMID: 38610382 PMCID: PMC11014065 DOI: 10.3390/s24072171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2024] [Revised: 03/21/2024] [Accepted: 03/27/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024]
Abstract
In organisational contexts, professionals are required to decide dynamically and prioritise unexpected external inputs deriving from multiple sources. In the present study, we applied a multimethodological neuroscientific approach to investigate the ability to resist and control ecological distractors during decision-making and to explore whether a specific behavioural, neurophysiological (i.e., delta, theta, alpha and beta EEG band), or autonomic (i.e., heart rate-HR, and skin conductance response-SCR) pattern is correlated with specific personality profiles, collected with the 10-item Big Five Inventory. Twenty-four participants performed a novel Resistance to Ecological Distractors (RED) task aimed at exploring the ability to resist and control distractors and the level of coherence and awareness of behaviour (metacognition ability), while neurophysiological and autonomic measures were collected. The behavioural results highlighted that effectiveness in performance did not require self-control and metacognition behaviour and that being proficient in metacognition can have an impact on performance. Moreover, it was shown that the ability to resist ecological distractors is related to a specific autonomic profile (HR and SCR decrease) and that the neurophysiological and autonomic activations during task execution correlate with specific personality profiles. The agreeableness profile was negatively correlated with the EEG theta band and positively with the EEG beta band, the conscientiousness profile was negatively correlated with the EEG alpha band, and the extroversion profile was positively correlated with the EEG beta band. Taken together, these findings describe and disentangle the hidden relationship that lies beneath individuals' decision to inhibit or activate intentionally a specific behaviour, such as responding, or not, to an external stimulus, in ecological conditions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michela Balconi
- International Research Center for Cognitive Applied Neuroscience (IrcCAN), Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Largo Gemelli 1, 20123 Milan, Italy; (M.B.); (R.A.A.); (L.A.)
- Research Unit in Affective and Social Neuroscience, Department of Psychology, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Largo Gemelli 1, 20123 Milan, Italy
| | - Carlotta Acconito
- International Research Center for Cognitive Applied Neuroscience (IrcCAN), Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Largo Gemelli 1, 20123 Milan, Italy; (M.B.); (R.A.A.); (L.A.)
- Research Unit in Affective and Social Neuroscience, Department of Psychology, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Largo Gemelli 1, 20123 Milan, Italy
| | - Roberta A. Allegretta
- International Research Center for Cognitive Applied Neuroscience (IrcCAN), Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Largo Gemelli 1, 20123 Milan, Italy; (M.B.); (R.A.A.); (L.A.)
- Research Unit in Affective and Social Neuroscience, Department of Psychology, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Largo Gemelli 1, 20123 Milan, Italy
| | - Laura Angioletti
- International Research Center for Cognitive Applied Neuroscience (IrcCAN), Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Largo Gemelli 1, 20123 Milan, Italy; (M.B.); (R.A.A.); (L.A.)
- Research Unit in Affective and Social Neuroscience, Department of Psychology, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Largo Gemelli 1, 20123 Milan, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Kaya C. Do Virtues Influence Well-Being: The Role of Perceived Stress. Psychol Rep 2023:332941231164084. [PMID: 36914560 DOI: 10.1177/00332941231164084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/16/2023]
Abstract
The positive results of life satisfaction among university students have been well studied in the literature. However, the forecasters of the phenomenon have not been thoroughly investigated. In the current study, multiple models were tested to investigate the mediating role of perceived stress in the relationships between virtues and life satisfaction to fill this gap. When testing the model, the effect of demographic variables was controlled. Data were collected through an online survey from a sample of 235 undergraduates. The participants responded to measures of character strengths, perceived stress, and life satisfaction. The findings reveal that perceived stress partially mediates the relationship between leadership, wisdom and life satisfaction controlling for age and gender. The leadership skills of students can be improved, and age and gender should be considered when studying life satisfaction.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cahit Kaya
- University of Texas-Rio Grande Valley, Edinburg, TX.,Harran University, Şanlıurfa, Turkey
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Pop-Jordanova N. The Personality Profiles for Contemporary Macedonian Actors. Pril (Makedon Akad Nauk Umet Odd Med Nauki) 2022; 43:7-15. [PMID: 35451291 DOI: 10.2478/prilozi-2022-0001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Theatre is one of the higher cultural activities that characterise us as imaginative, creative and truly human. In general, theatre is an arena in which participants can mentally play, acting out their own fears and fantasies in an experimental way. The purpose of this study is to investigate the psychological personal characteristics, using the MMPI questionnaire, applied in a sample of Macedonian professional actors. MMPI is used as an older form of the questionnaire, standardised in ex-Yugoslavia, and then translated into Macedonian. This is all done with a computer. This research confirms that our (Macedonian) contemporary actors are normal people who function normally in everyday life and generally do not deviate from what in the psychology of personality are denotes as normal/abnormal. Small exceptions are still a rarity! Some indexes of interest are included in this analysis of personal characteristics of actors.
Collapse
|
4
|
Abstract
Previous studies have found inconsistent results regarding the personality predictors of scholastic cheating. This study investigated whether personality was a predictor of scholastic cheating using the HEXACO-60 personality inventory and the Dark Triad (DT). A sample of 252 students completed the online questionnaire. Results from a one-way ANOVA showed that scholastic cheating was more common in associate degree/diploma/foundation students and undergraduate students than postgraduate students. Year of study or student status (local or international students) had no effect on scholastic cheating. MANOVA showed that academic qualification, year of study, and student status had no effect on reasons for cheating. A structural equation model (SEM) found that scholastic cheating was positively predicted by unmitigated achievement and psychopathy. Psychopathy emerged as the strongest significant predictor of scholastic cheating. These results supported the view that dark personality is relevant for understanding scholastic cheating.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuen Kiu Cheung
- Centre for Forensic and Family Psychology, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Vincent Egan
- Centre for Forensic and Family Psychology, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
da Rosa GD, Martin P, Kim J, Russell D, Abraham WT, Gondo Y, Hirose N, Masui Y, Poon LW. A Cultural Comparison of Personality Profiles of U.S. and Japanese Centenarians. Int J Aging Hum Dev 2020; 93:562-583. [PMID: 32394718 DOI: 10.1177/0091415020920002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was a cross-cultural examination of centenarians' personality through a person-centered approach to examine if there is a "resilient" personality profile consistent across cultures. Proxy reports information was obtained from family and close friends of 239 U.S. centenarians from the Georgia Centenarians Study and 272 Japanese centenarians from the Tokyo Centenarian Study. Latent profile analyses were conducted to identify personality profiles in centenarians from the United States and Japan. Two personality profiles were identified in both samples: a "resilient" personality profile and "nonresilient" personality profile. The "resilient" group had higher levels of positive personality traits with higher scores on agreeableness and extraversion and lower scores on neuroticism, conscientiousness, and openness. The "nonresilient" group had higher scores on neuroticism and lower scores on extraversion, openness, agreeableness, and conscientiousness. Fifty percent of U.S. centenarians and 65% of Japanese centenarians were in the "resilient" group.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Grace D da Rosa
- 1177 Department of Human Development and Family Studies, Iowa State University, Ames, USA
| | - Peter Martin
- 1177 Department of Human Development and Family Studies, Iowa State University, Ames, USA
| | - Joseph Kim
- 1177 Department of Human Development and Family Studies, Iowa State University, Ames, USA
| | - Daniel Russell
- 1177 Department of Human Development and Family Studies, Iowa State University, Ames, USA
| | - W Todd Abraham
- 1177 Department of Human Development and Family Studies, Iowa State University, Ames, USA
| | - Yasuyuki Gondo
- 13013 College of Human Sciences, Osaka University, Japan
| | - Nobuyoshi Hirose
- 12869 Department of Geriatric Medicine, Keio University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yukie Masui
- 13971 Institute of Gerontology, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Gerontology, Japan
| | - Leonard W Poon
- 1355 Institute of Gerontology and the Georgia Geriatric Education Center, University of Georgia, USA
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Al-Omiri MK, Alhijawi MM, Al-Shayyab MH, Kielbassa AM, Lynch E. Relationship Between Dental Students' Personality Profiles and Self-reported Oral Health Behaviour. Oral Health Prev Dent 2019; 17:125-129. [PMID: 30968068 DOI: 10.3290/j.ohpd.a42371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The objective of this study was to investigate the relationships between oral health behaviour and personality profiles among dental students. MATERIALS AND METHODS One hundred six consecutive (pre-)clinical dental students (58 females and 48 males) were recruited for this observational study. Participants' oral health behaviour was evaluated using the Hiroshima University-Dental Behavioral Inventory (HU-DBI). The NEO Five Factor Inventory (NEO-FFI) was used to assess the participants' personality profiles. Main outcome measures were personality dimensions measured by NEO-FFI (neuroticism, extraversion, openness, agreeableness, and conscientiousness) and oral health behaviours measured by HU-DBI (dental visits, toothbrushing, oral health awareness, and oral hygiene practices). Statistical significance was set at p < 0.05. RESULTS All participants were completely analysed. The students' level of education and age had no relationship to the HU-DBI and NEO-FFI scores (p > 0.05). The conscientiousness personality scores were associated with better oral health attitude and behaviour (p = 0.018). CONCLUSIONS Higher scores of the conscientiousness personality dimension were associated with better oral health attitudes and behaviour. Therefore, it is recommended to consider assessment of personality dimensions when oral health attitudes and behaviours are evaluated. Personality profiles might affect oral health behaviour and attitudes of dental care providers. This interaction should be considered as it might potentially impact professionals' capacities to offer oral health care, and this would influence patients' oral health.
Collapse
|
7
|
Abstract
The objectives of the research described in this article focus on an understanding of factors that influence creativity in healthcare design. Two areas of emphasis include the personality strengths of successful healthcare architects and elements of the current project delivery process. As part of the research, 48 healthcare architects participated in a battery of personality and creativity tests including Myers/Briggs, The Big Five, the Remote Associates Test (RAT), and an architectural creativity test. Results of the test point to strong "openness" for new ideas, particularly with the designers sampled. As a group, respondents scored low in "narcistic" bias (indicating emotional stability) and did not score high in verbal creativity. Compared to earlier studies of creative architects, the sample group included significantly fewer "perceiver" (Myers/Briggs), associated with a high level of curiosity. A second interesting finding was a significant difference between younger and older architects in the architectural creativity test. One possible hypothesis is the experience of the older architects. A second, and potentially more alarming, hypothesis is that technological disruptions are interfering with the ability to stimulate divergent thinking, particularly in the younger generation raised with smart phones and other network tools. Creativity in healthcare architecture demonstrates the case for domain-specific experience and skills along with creative input from other knowledge domains. The ability to establish group creativity may be inhibited by pressures to condense project time lines and not fully implement lean and other process strategies for exploring alternative solutions. Effective participation in group creativity tasks is particularly important for the complex world of healthcare design.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Frank Zilm
- Institute for Health and Wellness Design, The University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, USA
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
8
|
Holcomb WR, Ivey WS. Religious Fundamentalism, Humor, and Treatment Outcomes in Individuals in Court-Mandated Substance Abuse Outpatient Treatment. Psychol Rep 2017; 120:491-502. [PMID: 28558615 DOI: 10.1177/0033294116687270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The relationship between religious fundamentalism, humor, and psychological well-being was examined with a sample of individuals ( n = 109) being treated for drug abuse in a court-mandated AA outpatient program. Three separate factors of religious fundamentalism were found through exploratory factor analysis of the Revised Religious Fundamentalism Scale, and these were named Righteous-Evil Worldview, True Religion, and Scriptural Literalism. Psychological well-being of individuals in court-mandated outpatient substance abuse treatment was found to be correlated with high levels of humor but not religious fundamentalism. Psychological well-being and humor were found to be related to satisfaction with services; no relationship was found between religious fundamentalism and satisfaction with services. One factor of religious fundamentalism, Scriptural Literalism, was found to be associated with high levels of depression and paranoia/hostility. Implications of these relationships for treatment and understanding of religious fundamentalism and psychological well-being are discussed.
Collapse
|
9
|
Zurlo MC, Pes D, Capasso R. Personality Characteristics, Job Stressors, and Job Satisfaction: Main and Interaction Effects on Psychological and Physical Health Conditions of Italian Schoolteachers. Psychol Rep 2016; 119:27-38. [PMID: 27381410 DOI: 10.1177/0033294116656818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
The study proposed an application of the transactional model of stress in teaching elaborated by Travers and Cooper in 1996, and aimed to investigate the influence of personality characteristics (coping strategies, type A behaviors), situational characteristics (sources of pressure), and perceived job satisfaction in the prediction of teachers' psychophysical health conditions. The Italian version of the Teacher Stress Questionnaire was administered to 621 teachers. Logistic regression was used to evaluate significant main and interaction effects of personality characteristics, situational characteristics, and perceived job satisfaction on teachers' self-reported psychophysical health conditions. The findings highlighted specific coping strategies (focused on the problem, on innovation, and on hobbies and pastimes) and dimensions of job satisfaction (related to intrinsic aspects of job and to employee relations) buffering the negative effects of several job stressors. Type A behaviors and coping strategies focused on mobilized social support, suppression of stress, and not confronting the situation had main and interactions with negative effects on psychophysical health. Findings confirmed the necessity to run multi-factor research to analyze the different combinations of individual and situational variables implicated in negative health outcomes and to highlight the most significant buffering or increasing associations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maria Clelia Zurlo
- Department of Political Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Daniela Pes
- Department of Humanities, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Roberto Capasso
- Department of Psychology, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Fernández-Aranda F, Agüera Z, Castro R, Jiménez-Murcia S, Ramos-Quiroga JA, Bosch R, Fagundo AB, Granero R, Penelo E, Claes L, Sánchez I, Riesco N, Casas M, Menchon JM. ADHD symptomatology in eating disorders: a secondary psychopathological measure of severity? BMC Psychiatry 2013; 13:166. [PMID: 23758944 PMCID: PMC3693886 DOI: 10.1186/1471-244x-13-166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2013] [Accepted: 06/05/2013] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) has commonly been described in psychiatric disorders. Although several studies have found positive associations between abnormal eating patterns during childhood and ADHD, there is a lack of studies on ADHD and Eating Disorders (ED). The aims of this exploratory study were 1) to assess the ADHD symptoms level in ED and to ascertain whether there are differences among ED subtypes; 2) to analyze whether the presence of ADHD symptoms is associated with more severe eating disorder symptoms and greater general psychopathology; and 3) to assess whether the ADHD symptoms level is associated with specific temperament and character traits. METHODS 191 female ED patients were included. Assessment was carried out with the EDI-2, ASRS-v1.1, the SCL-90-R and the TCI-R. RESULTS The ADHD symptoms level was similar in bulimia, eating disorder not otherwise specified and binge eating subtypes, and lower in anorexic patients. Obsessiveness and Hostility were significantly positively associated with ADHD symptoms. A path model showed that ADHD was associated with high Novelty Seeking and low Self-Directedness, whereas ED severity was influenced by ADHD severity and low Self-Directedness. CONCLUSIONS Bingeing/purging ED subtypes have a high ADHD symptoms level, also related with more severe eating, general and personality psychopathology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Zaida Agüera
- Department of Psychiatry, University Hospital of Bellvitge-IDIBELL, Barcelona, Spain,CIBER Fisiología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn), Instituto Salud Carlos III, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Rita Castro
- Department of Psychiatry, University Hospital of Bellvitge-IDIBELL, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Susana Jiménez-Murcia
- Department of Psychiatry, University Hospital of Bellvitge-IDIBELL, Barcelona, Spain,CIBER Fisiología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn), Instituto Salud Carlos III, Barcelona, Spain,Clinical Sciences Department, School of Medicine, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jose Antoni Ramos-Quiroga
- Department of Psychiatry, University Hospital of Vall d´Hebron, Barcelona, Spain,CIBER Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Instituto Salud Carlos III, Barcelona, Spain,Department of Psychiatry and Legal Medicine, Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Rosa Bosch
- Department of Psychiatry, University Hospital of Vall d´Hebron, Barcelona, Spain,CIBER Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Instituto Salud Carlos III, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ana Beatriz Fagundo
- Department of Psychiatry, University Hospital of Bellvitge-IDIBELL, Barcelona, Spain,CIBER Fisiología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn), Instituto Salud Carlos III, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Roser Granero
- CIBER Fisiología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn), Instituto Salud Carlos III, Barcelona, Spain,Departament de Psicobiologia i Metodologia, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Eva Penelo
- Departament de Psicobiologia i Metodologia, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Laurence Claes
- Department of Psychology, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Isabel Sánchez
- Department of Psychiatry, University Hospital of Bellvitge-IDIBELL, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Nadine Riesco
- Department of Psychiatry, University Hospital of Bellvitge-IDIBELL, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Miquel Casas
- Department of Psychiatry, University Hospital of Vall d´Hebron, Barcelona, Spain,CIBER Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Instituto Salud Carlos III, Barcelona, Spain,Department of Psychiatry and Legal Medicine, Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jose Manuel Menchon
- Department of Psychiatry, University Hospital of Bellvitge-IDIBELL, Barcelona, Spain,Clinical Sciences Department, School of Medicine, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain,CIBER Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Instituto Salud Carlos III, Barcelona, Spain
| |
Collapse
|