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Zarling A, Kim J, Russell D, Cutrona C. Increasing Older Adults' Social Connectedness: Development and Implementation of a Web-Assisted Acceptance and Commitment Therapy-Based Intervention. JMIR Aging 2024; 7:e47943. [PMID: 38647321 DOI: 10.2196/47943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2023] [Revised: 12/20/2023] [Accepted: 12/20/2023] [Indexed: 04/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Abstract
In this article, we will provide a rationale for a web-assisted acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT) approach to loneliness among older adults, drawing upon theories from the literature on adult development and aging, emotion regulation, and loneliness. The intervention program was developed using the principles of ACT, which is a cognitive behavioral approach and unified model of human behavior change and psychological growth. The ACT intervention focuses on developing nonjudgmental present-focused awareness of internal experiences (thoughts, emotions, and memories) through strategies such as acceptance and mindfulness rather than directly modifying or removing them per se. The ACT intervention appears well-suited to assist older adults in coping with the challenges of aging, as the focus is on an individual’s willingness to sit with internal experiences out of one’s control (ie, acceptance), stepping back from negative or critical thoughts and developing greater kindness toward oneself (ie, defusion), discerning what is most important to one’s true self (ie, values), and building larger patterns of effective action based on such values (ie, committed action). The ACT intervention was developed as a resource for older adults who are socially isolated or having difficulty with social connectedness. Eight modules comprise the web-assisted ACT intervention program, which includes reading materials, video clips, and activities. Each module is followed by a summary, a homework assignment, a short quiz to assess learning, and a moderated discussion with a coach. The intervention program begins with reconnecting participants with their values. The goal of the ACT intervention program is to foster flexibility in a participant’s behavior so they can behave consistently with their chosen values, rather than becoming locked into a pattern of behavior that is driven by avoiding distress or discomfort. The ACT intervention approach is both novel and innovative, as it is based on ACT and leverages a behavioral health web platform that is flexible and inclusive in its design. The ACT intervention aims to help older adults become more socially connected, less lonely, and more satisfied with their relationships with other people. The emphasis that ACT places on values and living life in accordance with one’s values renders it an approach ideally suited to older adults. Finally, recommendations for future research regarding this approach to addressing loneliness among older adults is addressed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amie Zarling
- Department of Human Development and Family Studies, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, United States
| | - Joseph Kim
- Department of Human Development and Family Studies, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, United States
| | - Daniel Russell
- Department of Human Development and Family Studies, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, United States
| | - Carolyn Cutrona
- Department of Human Development and Family Studies, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, United States
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2
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Zhu M, Lanier J, Flores J, da Cruz Pinha Barbosa V, Russell D, Haight B, Woodward PM, Yang F, Hwang J. Publisher Correction: Structural degeneracy and formation of crystallographic domains in epitaxial LaFeO 3 films revealed by machine‑learning assisted 4D‑STEM. Sci Rep 2024; 14:8896. [PMID: 38632371 PMCID: PMC11024111 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-59454-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/19/2024] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Menglin Zhu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - Joseph Lanier
- Department of Physics, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - Jose Flores
- Department of Physics, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | | | - Daniel Russell
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - Becky Haight
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - Patrick M Woodward
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - Fengyuan Yang
- Department of Physics, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - Jinwoo Hwang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA.
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Gajapathy H, Bandaranayake S, Hruska E, Vadakkayil A, Bloom BP, Londo S, McClellan J, Guo J, Russell D, de Groot FMF, Yang F, Waldeck DH, Schultze M, Baker LR. Spin polarized electron dynamics enhance water splitting efficiency by yttrium iron garnet photoanodes: a new platform for spin selective photocatalysis. Chem Sci 2024; 15:3300-3310. [PMID: 38425509 PMCID: PMC10901523 DOI: 10.1039/d3sc03016d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2023] [Accepted: 01/16/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024] Open
Abstract
This work presents a spectroscopic and photocatalytic comparison of water splitting using yttrium iron garnet (Y3Fe5O12, YIG) and hematite (α-Fe2O3) photoanodes. Despite similar electronic structures, YIG significantly outperforms widely studied hematite, displaying more than an order of magnitude increase in photocurrent density. Probing the charge and spin dynamics by ultrafast, surface-sensitive XUV spectroscopy reveals that the enhanced performance arises from (1) reduced polaron formation in YIG compared to hematite and (2) an intrinsic spin polarization of catalytic photocurrents in YIG. Ultrafast XUV measurements show a reduction in the formation of surface electron polarons compared to hematite due to site-dependent electron-phonon coupling. This leads to spin polarized photocurrents in YIG where efficient charge separation occurs on the Td sub-lattice compared to fast trapping and electron/hole pair recombination on the Oh sub-lattice. These lattice-dependent dynamics result in a long-lived spin aligned hole population at the YIG surface, which is directly observed using XUV magnetic circular dichroism. Comparison of the Fe M2,3 and O L1-edges show that spin aligned holes are hybridized between O 2p and Fe 3d valence band states, and these holes are responsible for highly efficient, spin selective water oxidation by YIG. Together, these results point to YIG as a new platform for highly efficient, spin selective photocatalysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harshad Gajapathy
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The Ohio State University Columbus Ohio 43210 USA
| | - Savini Bandaranayake
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The Ohio State University Columbus Ohio 43210 USA
| | - Emily Hruska
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The Ohio State University Columbus Ohio 43210 USA
| | - Aravind Vadakkayil
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh 15260 Pittsburgh Pennsylvania USA
| | - Brian P Bloom
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh 15260 Pittsburgh Pennsylvania USA
| | - Stephen Londo
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The Ohio State University Columbus Ohio 43210 USA
| | - Jackson McClellan
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The Ohio State University Columbus Ohio 43210 USA
| | - Jason Guo
- Department of Physics, The Ohio State University Columbus Ohio 43210 USA
| | - Daniel Russell
- Department of Physics, The Ohio State University Columbus Ohio 43210 USA
| | - Frank M F de Groot
- Inorganic Chemistry and Catalysis, Debye Institute for Nanomaterials Science, Utrecht University 3584CG Utrecht The Netherlands
| | - Fengyuan Yang
- Department of Physics, The Ohio State University Columbus Ohio 43210 USA
| | - David H Waldeck
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh 15260 Pittsburgh Pennsylvania USA
| | - Martin Schultze
- Institute of Experimental Physics, Graz University of Technology Petersgasse 16 Graz 8010 Austria
| | - L Robert Baker
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The Ohio State University Columbus Ohio 43210 USA
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Zhu M, Lanier J, Flores J, da Cruz Pinha Barbosa V, Russell D, Haight B, Woodward PM, Yang F, Hwang J. Structural degeneracy and formation of crystallographic domains in epitaxial LaFeO 3 films revealed by machine-learning assisted 4D-STEM. Sci Rep 2024; 14:4198. [PMID: 38378717 PMCID: PMC10879141 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-54661-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2023] [Accepted: 02/15/2024] [Indexed: 02/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Structural domains and domain walls, inherent in single crystalline perovskite oxides, can significantly influence the properties of the material and therefore must be considered as a vital part of the design of the epitaxial oxide thin films. We employ 4D-STEM combined with machine learning (ML) to comprehensively characterize domain structures at both high spatial resolution and over a significant spatial extent. Using orthorhombic LaFeO3 as a model system, we explore the application of unsupervised and supervised ML in domain mapping, which demonstrates robustness against experiment uncertainties. The results reveal the consequential formation of multiple domains due to the structural degeneracy when LaFeO3 film is grown on cubic SrTiO3. In situ annealing of the film shows the mechanism of domain coarsening that potentially links to phase transition of LaFeO3 at high temperatures. Moreover, synthesis of LaFeO3 on DyScO3 illustrates that a less symmetric orthorhombic substrate inhibits the formation of domain walls, thereby contributing to the mitigation of structural degeneracy. High fidelity of our approach also highlights the potential for the domain mapping of other complicated materials and thin films.
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Affiliation(s)
- Menglin Zhu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - Joseph Lanier
- Department of Physics, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - Jose Flores
- Department of Physics, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | | | - Daniel Russell
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - Becky Haight
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - Patrick M Woodward
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - Fengyuan Yang
- Department of Physics, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - Jinwoo Hwang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA.
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Neppl TK, Lee J, Diggs ON, Lohman BJ, Russell D. The intergenerational transmission of economic adversity, BMI, and emotional distress from adolescence to middle adulthood. J Fam Psychol 2023; 37:1137-1147. [PMID: 37796604 PMCID: PMC10872786 DOI: 10.1037/fam0001155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/06/2023]
Abstract
The present study examined the intergenerational transmission of economic adversity, as well as physical and mental health across generations. Specifically, we examined the effects of parental economic adversity, body mass index (BMI), and emotional distress during the child's adolescence on their economic adversity, BMI, and emotional distress in middle adulthood. The study included 366 Generation 1 (G1) mothers and fathers and their adolescents (Generation 2; G2) in middle adulthood. G1 behavior was examined when G2 was 16 years old and G2 behavior was assessed at Age 42. In line with aspects of the family stress model, economic hardship was related to economic pressure, which in turn was related to emotional distress for both G1 and G2. For each generation, economic pressure was also associated with BMI. There was also evidence of the intergenerational transmission of economic hardship, BMI, and emotional distress from G1 to G2. Finally, the intergenerational transmission of economic adversity in the family of origin to adult health outcomes was explained by these same health behaviors of the first generation. Results suggest that economic adversity and parental health behaviors as experienced in adolescence have long-term economic and health consequences into middle adulthood. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2023 APA, all rights reserved).
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Affiliation(s)
- Tricia K Neppl
- Department of Human Development and Family Studies, Iowa State University
| | - Jeenkyoung Lee
- Department of Human Development and Family Studies, Iowa State University
| | - Olivia N Diggs
- Department of Human Development and Family Studies, Iowa State University
| | - Brenda J Lohman
- Department of Human Development and Family Science, University of Missouri
| | - Daniel Russell
- Department of Human Development and Family Studies, Iowa State University
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Suedbeck JR, Russell D, Armitano-Lago C, Ludwig EA. The effects of dental hygiene instrument handles on muscle activity production. Int J Dent Hyg 2023; 21:731-737. [PMID: 37721032 DOI: 10.1111/idh.12750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2023] [Revised: 08/08/2023] [Accepted: 08/28/2023] [Indexed: 09/19/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The objective of this study was to compare the effects of 10 commercially available instrument handle designs' mass and diameter on forearm muscle activity during a simulated periodontal scaling experience. METHODS A convenience sample of 25 registered dental hygienists was recruited for this IRB-approved study. Ten commercially available instruments were categorized into four groups based on their masses and diameters: large diameter/light mass, small diameter/light mass, large diameter/heavy mass and small diameter/heavy mass. Participants were randomized to four instruments, one from each group. Participants scaled with each instrument in a simulated oral environment while muscle activity was collected using surface electromyography. Muscle activity was compared among the four instrument group types. RESULTS Muscle activity of the flexor digitorum superficialis was not significantly influenced by instrument mass (p = 0.60) or diameter (p = 0.15). Flexor pollicis longus muscle activity was not significantly influenced by instrument mass (p = 0.81); diameter had a significant effect (p = 0.001), with smaller diameter instruments producing more muscle activity. For the extensor digitorum communis and extensor carpi radialis brevis, instrument mass did not significantly affect muscle activity (p = 0.64, p = 0.43), while diameter narrowly failed to reach significance for both muscles (p = 0.08, p = 0.08); muscle activity for both muscles increased with smaller diameter instruments. CONCLUSION Results from this study indicate instrument diameter is more influential than mass on muscle activity generation; small diameter instruments increased muscle activity generation when compared to large diameter instruments. Future research in real-world settings is needed to determine the clinical impact of these findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica R Suedbeck
- School of Dental Hygiene, Old Dominion University, Norfolk, Virginia, USA
| | - Daniel Russell
- School of Rehabilitation Sciences, Old Dominion University, Norfolk, Virginia, USA
| | | | - Emily A Ludwig
- School of Dental Hygiene, Old Dominion University, Norfolk, Virginia, USA
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Liu S, Wei M, Russell D. Effects of a brief self-compassion intervention for college students with impostor phenomenon. J Couns Psychol 2023; 70:711-724. [PMID: 37498705 DOI: 10.1037/cou0000703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/29/2023]
Abstract
The present study used a latent growth curve modeling approach to (a) examine the effectiveness of a brief self-compassion intervention on reducing impostor phenomenon, maladaptive perfectionism, and psychological distress and (b) explore who would benefit more from this intervention. A total of 227 college students at a large Midwest university were randomly assigned to participate in either a 4-week brief self-compassion intervention group or a nonintervention control group. Analyses of the effectiveness of the intervention suggested the brief self-compassion intervention had significant treatment effects for reducing impostor phenomenon and maladaptive perfectionism. Moreover, this study also examined whether participants with different levels of fear of self-compassion and core self-evaluation would report different levels of treatment effectiveness. Fear of self-compassion was found to be a significant moderator of the intervention effects in reducing maladaptive perfectionism and psychological distress. Specifically, participants in the intervention group with higher levels of fear of self-compassion reported a greater decline in both maladaptive perfectionism and psychological distress over time when compared to those with lower levels of fear of self-compassion. Core self-evaluation significantly moderated the effectiveness of this intervention in reducing participants' levels of impostor phenomenon and maladaptive perfectionism. Specifically, participants in the intervention group with lower core self-evaluation reported a greater reduction in maladaptive perfectionism over time when compared to those with higher core self-evaluation. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2023 APA, all rights reserved).
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuyi Liu
- Department of Psychology, San Francisco State University
| | - Meifen Wei
- Department of Psychology, Iowa State University
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8
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LaBianca K, Butura J, McKnight A, Pan K, Whelan S, Punska E, Pause R, Igbinosa B, Ribbe A, Chien P, Russell D, Garlena R, Hatfull G, Jacobs-Sera D, Rocheleau J. Complete genome sequence of phi29-like Microbacterium foliorum podovirus phage PineapplePizza. Microbiol Resour Announc 2023; 12:e0047823. [PMID: 37671874 PMCID: PMC10586137 DOI: 10.1128/mra.00478-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2023] [Accepted: 07/16/2023] [Indexed: 09/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Bacteriophage PineapplePizza is a podovirus infecting Microbacterium foliorum NRRL B-24224. The genome is 16,662 bp long and contains 23 predicted protein-coding genes. Interestingly, PineapplePizza shows amino acid similarities to well-studied Bacillus subtilis phage phi29.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kylie LaBianca
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Jessica Butura
- Department of Biology, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Arden McKnight
- Department of Biology, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Karin Pan
- Department of Biology, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Sean Whelan
- Department of Biology, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Elizabeth Punska
- Department of Biology, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Robert Pause
- Department of Biology, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Bright Igbinosa
- Department of Biology, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Alexander Ribbe
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Peter Chien
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Daniel Russell
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Rebecca Garlena
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Graham Hatfull
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Deborah Jacobs-Sera
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Jessica Rocheleau
- Department of Biology, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts, USA
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9
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Suedbeck JR, Russell D, Armitano-Lago C, Ludwig EA. The Effects of Dental Hygiene Instrument Handles on Muscle Activity Production. J Dent Hyg 2023; 97:143-154. [PMID: 37816616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2023] [Accepted: 08/28/2023] [Indexed: 10/12/2023]
Abstract
Purpose The objective of this study was to compare the effects of ten commercially available instrument handle designs' mass and diameter on forearm muscle activity during a simulated periodontal scaling experience.Methods A convenience sample of 25 registered dental hygienists were recruited for this IRB-approved study. Ten commercially available instruments were categorized into four groups based on their masses and diameters: large diameter/light mass, small diameter/light mass, large diameter/heavy mass, and small diameter/heavy mass. Participants were randomized to four instruments with one from each group. Participants scaled with each instrument in a simulated oral environment while muscle activity was collected using surface electromyography. Muscle activity was compared among the four instrument group types.Results Muscle activity of the flexor digitorum superficialis was not significantly influenced by instrument mass (p=0.60) or diameter (p=0.15). Flexor pollicis longus muscle activity was not significantly influenced by instrument mass (p=0.81); diameter had a significant effect (p=0.001) with smaller diameter instruments producing more muscle activity. For the extensor digitorum communis and extensor carpi radialis brevis, instrument mass did not significantly affect muscle activity (p=0.64, p=0.43), while diameter narrowly failed to reach significance for both muscles (p=0.08, p=0.08); muscle activity for both muscles increased with smaller diameter instruments.Conclusion Results from this study indicate instrument diameter is more influential than mass on muscle activity generation; small diameter instruments increased muscle activity generation when compared to large diameter instruments. Future research in real-world settings is needed to determine the clinical impact of these findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica R Suedbeck
- Gene W. Hirschfeld School of Dental Hygiene, Old Dominion University, Norfolk, VA, USA
| | - Daniel Russell
- School of Rehabilitation Sciences, Old Dominion University, Norfolk, VA, USA
| | | | - Emily A Ludwig
- Gene W. Hirschfeld School of Dental Hygiene, Old Dominion University, Norfolk, VA, USA
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Guo S, Russell D, Lanier J, Da H, Hammel PC, Yang F. Strong on-Chip Microwave Photon-Magnon Coupling Using Ultralow-Damping Epitaxial Y 3Fe 5O 12 Films at 2 K. Nano Lett 2023. [PMID: 37235476 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.3c00959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Y3Fe5O12 is arguably the best magnetic material for magnonic quantum information science (QIS) because of its extremely low damping. We report ultralow damping at 2 K in epitaxial Y3Fe5O12 thin films grown on a diamagnetic Y3Sc2Ga3O12 substrate that contains no rare-earth elements. Using these ultralow damping YIG films, we demonstrate for the first time strong coupling between magnons in patterned YIG thin films and microwave photons in a superconducting Nb resonator. This result paves the road toward scalable hybrid quantum systems that integrate superconducting microwave resonators, YIG film magnon conduits, and superconducting qubits into on-chip QIS devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Side Guo
- Department of Physics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, United States of America
| | - Daniel Russell
- Department of Physics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, United States of America
| | - Joseph Lanier
- Department of Physics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, United States of America
| | - Haotian Da
- Department of Physics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, United States of America
| | - P Chris Hammel
- Department of Physics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, United States of America
| | - Fengyuan Yang
- Department of Physics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, United States of America
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Hudson J, Zarling A, Ungar R, Albright L, Tkatch R, Russell D, Schaeffer J, Wicker ER. Older Adults’ Experiences in a Web-Based Intervention for
Loneliness. Gerontol Geriatr Med 2023; 9:23337214231163004. [PMID: 36968123 PMCID: PMC10037731 DOI: 10.1177/23337214231163004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2022] [Revised: 01/20/2023] [Accepted: 02/23/2023] [Indexed: 03/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Older adults may be vulnerable to loneliness due to
natural and age-related transitions. Lonely older adults are at an increased
risk of adverse health outcomes due to their loneliness, including cognitive
decline, cardiovascular disease, and mortality. Objective: The
purpose of this study was to explore the experiences of vulnerable older adults
in a web-based loneliness intervention. Methods: Older adult
participants in a web-based loneliness intervention (n = 24)
participated in semi-structured interviews eliciting feedback about their
experience in the program and perceived outcomes. Participants’ responses were
analyzed using qualitative content analysis. Results: Participants
reported fewer negative perceptions of their social skills and future social
interactions, gaining new social skills, improved relationships, and increased
confidence to initiate and maintain social contact. Conclusions:
Findings suggest the efficacy of combining a web-based loneliness intervention
with cognitive behavioral therapy, and provide implications for future web-based
interventions for older adult populations.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Amie Zarling
- Iowa State University, Ames, USA
- Amie Zarling, Human Development and Family
Studies, Iowa State University, 1358 Palmer Building, 2222 Osborn Drive, Ames,
IA 50011-1084, USA.
| | - Rachel Ungar
- UnitedHealth Group, Optum Labs,
Minnetonka, MN, USA
| | - Laurie Albright
- UnitedHealth Group, Medicare and
Retirement, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Rifky Tkatch
- UnitedHealth Group, Optum Labs,
Minnetonka, MN, USA
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Peterson N, Lee J, Svec J, Russell D. Diversity in Social Communication and Support: Implications for Loneliness Among LGB Adults. Gerontologist 2023; 63:361-372. [PMID: 35863035 PMCID: PMC9960016 DOI: 10.1093/geront/gnac101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Current research indicates that structural and functional social network attributes influence older adults' well-being. However, these linkages may vary by sexual orientation. This study examines how social communication diversity and support diversity are related to loneliness and differ between lesbian, gay, and bisexual (LGB) and heterosexual adults. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS Using data from the American Association of Retired Persons Foundation's Loneliness and Social Connection Survey of adults 45+ (N = 3,009), including 10% who identified as LGB, we derive entropy scores, which capture the extent to which network size and quality of relationships are evenly distributed. A series of linear regressions were conducted to examine sexual orientation, social network indicators, and their interactions in predicting loneliness. RESULTS We found a positive association between social communication diversity and loneliness. This finding was qualified by the interaction with sexual orientation. In addition, we found a negative association between support diversity and loneliness, an effect that was stronger for LGB participants than for heterosexual participants. The effect of support diversity on loneliness was much stronger for LGB adults than heterosexual adults. DISCUSSION AND IMPLICATIONS While LGB adults tend to score higher on the loneliness scale overall, the findings suggest that communication and support diversity have uniquely different patterns of associations for sexual minority groups. This study highlights the importance of considering multiple dimensions of social networks and has implications for addressing loneliness for heterosexual and LGB adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natasha Peterson
- Department of Human Development and Family Studies, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa, USA
| | - Jeongeun Lee
- Department of Human Development and Family Studies, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa, USA
| | - Joseph Svec
- Department of Human Development and Family Studies, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa, USA
| | - Daniel Russell
- Department of Human Development and Family Studies, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa, USA
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Lim E, Reeves J, Gandhi S, Spigel D, Arrowsmith E, George D, Karlix J, Pouliot G, Hattersley M, Gangl E, James G, Thompson J, Russell D, Patel B, Kumar R, Falchook G. 1396P Phase II study of AZD4635 in combination with durvalumab or oleclumab in patients (pts) with metastatic castrate-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC). Ann Oncol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.annonc.2022.07.1882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
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14
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Ross A, Iwata K, Elsouda D, Hairston J, Russell D, Davicioni E, Proudfoot J, Shore N, Cooperberg M, Schaeffer E. 1385P Transcriptome-based prognostic and predictive biomarker analysis of ENACT: A randomized controlled trial of enzalutamide (ENZA) in men undergoing active surveillance (AS). Ann Oncol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.annonc.2022.07.1517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
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15
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Ratajczak-Tretel B, Tancin Lambert A, Hoie GA, Al-Ani R, Russell D, Atar D, Aamodt AH. Detection of atrial fibrillation in patients with cryptogenic stroke: The Nordic Atrial Fibrillation and Stroke (NOR-FIB) study - topline results. Europace 2022. [DOI: 10.1093/europace/euac053.280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Funding Acknowledgements
Type of funding sources: Other. Main funding source(s): NOR-FIB is an investigator driven academic study. 100 of 259 devices are supported by Medtronic.
BRT and ATL are recipients of a PhD grants from the South-Eastern Norway Regional Health Authority.
The study is supported by the research infrastructure of the European Cerebrovascular Research Infrastructure (ECRI).
Background
Cardioembolism due to occult atrial fibrillation (AF) is one of the common causes often identified by additional investigations in patients with cryptogenic stroke (CS). A large proportion of recurrent cerebral infarctions caused by AF can probably be prevented if more patients receive optimal cardiac monitoring after CS and TIA.
Purpose
The aim of the prospective observational multi-center NOR-FIB study was to detect and quantify AF in patients with cryptogenic stroke or TIA under continuous 12 months cardiac rhythm monitoring with an implantable cardiac monitor (ICM) and to possibly identify biomarkers predicting incident AF.
Methods
Patients with cryptogenic stroke and TIA diagnosed after state-of-the-art work-up had their ICM implanted by a stroke physician within 14 days after symptom onset. All patients were followed clinically and by rhythm monitoring for 12 months. AF was defined by detected atrial arrhythmia episodes ≥ 2 min, and these patients were considered for a change of their secondary prevention from antiplatelet drugs to oral anticoagulants (OAC).
Results
A total of 259 patients with cryptogenic stroke or TIA from 18 hospitals in Norway, Sweden and Denmark were included. After 12 months follow-up 74 (28.6 %) patients were diagnosed with paroxysmal AF, of which 91.9% were asymptomatic. Patients with AF had significantly higher mean age (72.6 vs 62.2, p<0.001), more severe stroke (median National Institute Stroke Scale Score on admission 2 vs 1, p 0.002) and higher pre-stroke median CHA2DS2-VASc score (3 vs 2, p<0.001) than patients without AF. Both hypertension and hyperlipidemia was more common in patients with AF. In 64 (86.5%) cases AF was detected early after index stroke, i.e., within the first two months of monitoring (mean 47.7 days + 52,1). Recurrent AF episodes were detected in 68 (91.9%) cases. Of the 74 AF patients, 72 (97.3%) were switched to OAC. Recurrent strokes during follow-up occurred in 2 AF patients (2.7 %) and in 9 non-AF patients (4.9 %).
Conclusion
AF was detected in 29% of all cryptogenic stroke/TIA patients. Most of the patients were asymptomatic for their arrhythmia, and would have gone undiagnosed without a continuous monitoring approach. Since most of the patients with detected AF were switched to OAC, the 12 months risk of recurrent stroke in this group was low. Prolonged cardiac rhythm monitoring with ICMs is an effective tool for diagnosing underlying asymptomatic AF in a patient population typically confined to a stroke unit.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - A Tancin Lambert
- Sykehuset Ostfold Kalnes, Department of Neurology, Sarpsborg, Norway
| | - GA Hoie
- Sykehuset Ostfold Kalnes, Department of Cardiology, Sarpsborg, Norway
| | - R Al-Ani
- Sykehuset Ostfold Kalnes, Department of Cardiology, Sarpsborg, Norway
| | - D Russell
- Oslo University Hospital Rikshospitalet, Department of Neurology, Oslo, Norway
| | - D Atar
- Oslo University Hospital Ulleval, Department of Cardiology, Oslo, Norway
| | - AH Aamodt
- Oslo University Hospital Rikshospitalet, Department of Neurology, Oslo, Norway
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16
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Siddle H, Bonner R, Leighton P, McGinnis E, Rahma S, Stubbs N, Hinchcliff R, Wright-Hughes A, Nixon J, Richards S, Russell D. 652 Fate of The Contralateral Limb Following Major Lower Limb Amputation in Patients with Peripheral Arterial Disease And/Or Diabetes: Case Series from Two Regional Vascular Centres. Br J Surg 2021. [DOI: 10.1093/bjs/znab259.1119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Introduction
This is the first clinical case series to report time to ulceration, minor and major amputation of the contralateral limb (CLL) in the first 12 months following major lower limb amputation (LLA) in patients with peripheral arterial disease (PAD) and/or diabetes.
Method
Consecutive patient samples at two regional UK vascular centres were included; from 2010 to 2017 (site 1) and 2014 to 2016 (site 2). Data were extracted from electronic records for 12 months following index major LLA. Survival analyses are presented for the event of mortality in the total study population, plus major amputation-free survival, and complication-free survival in site 1 only; results are stratified by diabetes status.
Results
Of 381 patients reviewed (n = 197 site 1; n = 184 site 2), 208 (54.6%) were diagnosed with diabetes at the time of their index major LLA. The mean survival time of patients was lower in those without diabetes (HR: 0.64 [95% CI, 0.43 to 0.95], p=.03). The mean time to major amputation of the CLL or death in patients was lower in those without diabetes (HR: 0.65 [95% CI, 224 0.40 to 1.06]; p=.08). The median time to any complication of the CLL or death was greater in those without diabetes (HR: 1.25 [95% CI, 227 0.88 to 1.78]; p=.21).
Conclusions
Death rates were higher in patients without diabetes, whilst those with diabetes had high levels of CLL complications. Optimisation of care to protect the CLL following major LLA and guidance for carers, patients, and clinicians is required.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Siddle
- Leeds Institute of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
- Podiatry Department, Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, St James University Hospital, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - R Bonner
- Leeds Institute for Health Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - P Leighton
- Department of Vascular Surgery, North Bristol NHS Trust, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - E McGinnis
- Clinical Trials Research Unit, Leeds Institute of Clinical Trials Research, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - S Rahma
- Leeds Vascular Institute, Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, Leeds General 25 Infirmary, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - N Stubbs
- Leeds Community Healthcare NHS Trust, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - R Hinchcliff
- Department of Vascular Surgery, North Bristol NHS Trust, Bristol, United Kingdom
- Bristol Medical School: Population Health Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - A Wright-Hughes
- Clinical Trials Research Unit, Leeds Institute of Clinical Trials Research, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - J Nixon
- Clinical Trials Research Unit, Leeds Institute of Clinical Trials Research, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - S Richards
- Leeds Institute for Health Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - D Russell
- Leeds Vascular Institute, Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, Leeds General 25 Infirmary, Leeds, United Kingdom
- Leeds Institute of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine, LIGHT Laboratories, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
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17
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George D, Agarwal N, Ramaswamy K, Sandin R, Russell D, Hong A, Yang H, Gao W, Hagan K, Freedland S. 616P Real-world utilization of advanced therapies by metastatic site and age among patients with metastatic castration-sensitive prostate cancer (mCSPC): A Medicare database analysis. Ann Oncol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.annonc.2021.08.1129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
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18
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Tkatch R, Wu L, MacLeod S, Ungar R, Albright L, Russell D, Murphy J, Schaeffer J, Yeh CS. Reducing loneliness and improving well-being among older adults with animatronic pets. Aging Ment Health 2021; 25:1239-1245. [PMID: 32363903 DOI: 10.1080/13607863.2020.1758906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Studies consistently demonstrate that older adults who are lonely have higher rates of depression and increased mortality risk. Pet ownership may be a solution for loneliness; however, challenges related to pet ownership exist for older adults. Therefore, researchers and practitioners are examining the use of animatronic pets to reduce loneliness. OBJECTIVE To determine the feasibility of an animatronic pet program, and whether ownership of animatronic pets would decrease loneliness and improve well-being among lonely older adults. METHODS Eligible individuals were identified as lonely through a prior survey. Participants were provided with the choice of an animatronic pet and completed T1/T2/T3 surveys. RESULTS Attrition was high; 168 (63%) participants completed T1/T2 surveys, and 125 (48%) also completed a T3 survey. Post survey data indicated that loneliness decreased, while mental well-being, resilience, and purpose in life improved. Frequent interactions with the pets were associated with greater improvement in mental well-being and optimism. CONCLUSIONS Animatronic pets appear to provide benefits for the well-being of lonely older adults. Future studies should employ randomized controlled designs examining the impact of animatronic pets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rifky Tkatch
- Research for Aging Populations, Optum, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Lizi Wu
- Research for Aging Populations, Optum, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | | | - Rachel Ungar
- Research for Aging Populations, Optum, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Laurie Albright
- Medicare & Retirement, UnitedHealthcare, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | | | - James Murphy
- Medicare & Retirement, UnitedHealthcare, Minneapolis, MN, USA
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19
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Greenwell K, Ainsworth B, Bruton A, Murray E, Russell D, Thomas M, Yardley L. Mixed methods process evaluation of my breathing matters, a digital intervention to support self-management of asthma. NPJ Prim Care Respir Med 2021; 31:35. [PMID: 34088903 PMCID: PMC8178311 DOI: 10.1038/s41533-021-00248-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2020] [Accepted: 04/29/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to explore user engagement with 'My Breathing Matters', a digital self-management intervention for asthma, and identify factors that may influence engagement. In a mixed methods design, adults with asthma allocated to the intervention arm of a feasibility trial (n = 44) participated in semi-structured interviews (n = 18) and a satisfaction questionnaire (n = 36) to explore their views and experiences of the intervention. Usage data highlighted that key intervention content was delivered to most users. The majority of questionnaire respondents (78%; n = 28) reported they would recommend the intervention to friends and family. Interviewees expressed positive views of the intervention and experienced several benefits, mainly improved asthma control, medication use, and breathing technique. Factors that may influence user engagement were identified, including perceptions of asthma control, current self-management practices, and appeal of the target behaviours and behaviour change techniques. Findings suggested My Breathing Matters was acceptable and engaging to participants, and it was used as intended.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kate Greenwell
- Centre for Clinical and Community Applications of Health Psychology, School of Psychology, Faculty of Environmental and Life Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK.
| | - Ben Ainsworth
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences, University of Bath, Bath, UK
- Respiratory Biomedical Research Unit, University Hospitals Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton, UK
| | - Anne Bruton
- School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Environmental and Life Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Elizabeth Murray
- Primary Care and Population Health, University College London, London, UK
| | | | - Mike Thomas
- Primary Care, Population Sciences and Medical Education (PPM), University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Lucy Yardley
- Centre for Clinical and Community Applications of Health Psychology, School of Psychology, Faculty of Environmental and Life Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
- School of Psychological Science, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
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20
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An L, Bacon E, Hawley S, Yang P, Russell D, Huffman S, Resnicow K. Relationship Between Coronavirus-Related eHealth Literacy and COVID-19 Knowledge, Attitudes, and Practices among US Adults: Web-Based Survey Study. J Med Internet Res 2021; 23:e25042. [PMID: 33626015 PMCID: PMC8006897 DOI: 10.2196/25042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2020] [Revised: 12/17/2020] [Accepted: 02/19/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background During a global pandemic, it is critical that the public is able to rapidly acquire new and accurate health information. The internet is a major source of health information. eHealth literacy is the ability of individuals to find, assess, and use health information available on the internet. Objective The goals of this study were to assess coronavirus-related eHealth literacy and examine the relationship between eHealth literacy and COVID-19−related knowledge, attitudes, and practices (KAPs). Methods We conducted a web-based survey of a representative sample of 1074 US adults. We adapted the 8-item eHealth Literacy Scale to develop the Coronavirus-Related eHealth Literacy Scale (CoV-eHEALS) to measure COVID-19−related knowledge, conspiracy beliefs, and adherence to protective behaviors (eg, wearing facial masks and social distancing). Our analyses identified sociodemographic associations with the participants’ CoV-eHEALS scores and an association between the CoV-eHEALS measure and COVID-19 KAPs. Results The internal consistency of the adapted CoV-eHEALS measure was high (Cronbach α=.92). The mean score for the CoV-eHEALS was 29.0 (SD 6.1). A total of 29% (306/1074) of the survey participants were classified as having low coronavirus-related eHealth literacy (CoV-eHEALS score <26). Independent associations were found between CoV-eHEALS scores and ethnicity (standardized β=–.083, P=.016 for Black participants) and education level (standardized β=–.151, P=.001 for participants with high-school education or lower). Controlling for demographic characteristics, CoV-eHEALS scores demonstrated positive independent associations with knowledge (standardized β=.168, P<.001) and adherence to protective behaviors (standardized β=.241, P<.001) and a negative association with conspiracy beliefs (standardized β=–.082, P=.009). Conclusions This study provides an estimate of coronavirus-related eHealth literacy among US adults. Our findings suggest that a substantial proportion of US adults have low coronavirus-related eHealth literacy and are thus at a greater risk of lower and less-protective COVID-19 KAPs. These findings highlight the need to assess and address eHealth literacy as part of COVID-19 control efforts. Potential strategies include improving the quality of health information about COVID-19 available on the internet, assisting or simplifying web-based search for information about COVID-19, and training to improve general or coronavirus-specific search skills.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lawrence An
- Center for Health Communications Research, Rogel Cancer Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States.,Division of General Medicine, School of Medicine University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Elizabeth Bacon
- Center for Health Communications Research, Rogel Cancer Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Sarah Hawley
- Center for Health Communications Research, Rogel Cancer Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States.,Division of General Medicine, School of Medicine University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States.,VA Center for Clinical Management Research, VA Ann Arbor Healthcare System, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Penny Yang
- Center for Health Communications Research, Rogel Cancer Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | | | | | - Ken Resnicow
- Center for Health Communications Research, Rogel Cancer Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States.,Department of Health Behavior & Health Education, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
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21
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Wilson‐Barnes S, Gymnopoulos LP, Dimitropoulos K, Solachidis V, Rouskas K, Russell D, Oikonomidis Y, Hadjidimitriou S, María Botana J, Brkic B, Mantovani E, Gravina S, Telo G, Lalama E, Buys R, Hassapidou M, Balula Dias S, Batista A, Perone L, Bryant S, Maas S, Cobello S, Bacelar P, Lanham‐New SA, Hart K. PeRsOnalised nutriTion for hEalthy livINg: The PROTEIN project. NUTR BULL 2021. [DOI: 10.1111/nbu.12482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- S. Wilson‐Barnes
- School of Biosciences and Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences University of Surrey Guildford UK
| | | | | | - V. Solachidis
- Centre for Research and Technology Hellas Thessaloniki Greece
| | - K. Rouskas
- Centre for Research and Technology Hellas Thessaloniki Greece
| | | | | | - S. Hadjidimitriou
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Aristotle University of Thessaloniki Thessaloniki Greece
| | | | - B. Brkic
- BioSense Institute, Research and Development Institute for Information Technology Vojvodina Serbia
| | - E. Mantovani
- Research Group on Law, Science, Technology and Society Vrije Universiteit Brussel Brussels Belgium
| | | | - G. Telo
- PLUX Wireless Biosignals Lisbon Portugal
| | - E. Lalama
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolic Diseases Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin Germany
| | - R. Buys
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences Katholieke Universiteit Leuven Leuven Belgium
| | - M. Hassapidou
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics Alexander Technological Educational Institute of Thessaloniki Thessaloniki Greece
| | - S. Balula Dias
- Faculdade de Motricidade Humana Universidade de Lisboa Lisbon Portugal
| | | | | | - S. Bryant
- European Association for the Study of Obesity (EASO) Middlesex UK
| | - S. Maas
- AgriFood Capital BV Hertogenbosch Netherlands
| | - S. Cobello
- Polo Europeo della Conoscenza Verona Italy
| | - P. Bacelar
- Healthium/Nutrium Software Porto e Região Portugal
| | - S. A. Lanham‐New
- School of Biosciences and Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences University of Surrey Guildford UK
| | - K. Hart
- School of Biosciences and Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences University of Surrey Guildford UK
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22
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Abstract
Older lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender (LGBT) adults may be at risk for high levels of loneliness—a risk factor for worse health behaviors—as a result of historical and social discrimination. Some LGBT older adults may have estranged relationships with family members or have toxic relationships, consequently leaving them without adequate social support. The 2018 Loneliness and Social Connections survey by the AARP Foundation consists of a national sample of non-institutionalized individuals 45 and older, including 2905 individuals who identify as heterosexual and 318 who identify as LGBT. The study indicated individuals had similar levels of loneliness regardless of sexual orientation. However, significant differences between heterosexuals and LGBT participants were found in their communication and time usage when they are lonely. For example, heterosexual individuals socialize with friends in person more than homosexuals (t=-2.393, p<.05), whereas LGBT older adults use technology more to socialize with friends (t=3.749), p<.001. Further, findings revealed that older LGBT adults tend to engage in more risky or unhealthy behaviors when lonely than do heterosexual older adults (t=3.907, p<.001). Overall, the results indicate that while LGBT older adults may spend more time alone (t=7.350, p<.001), they are engaging in different types of activities, particularly involving technology to communicate with friends, suggesting compensation for their lack of in-person contact. By understanding how LGBT older adults cope with loneliness along with the risks and resources that have influences on their health disparities can be useful for developing interventions to improve the health and well-being in these communities.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jeongeun Lee
- Iowa State University, Iowa City, Iowa, United States
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23
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Ludwig EA, Tolle SL, Jenkins E, Russell D. Magnification loupes influence on neck and trunk flexion of dental hygienists while scaling-A pilot study. Int J Dent Hyg 2020; 19:106-113. [PMID: 33000517 DOI: 10.1111/idh.12470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2020] [Revised: 08/19/2020] [Accepted: 09/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Work-related musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs) are common in the dental hygiene profession. Awkward postures contribute to MSDs and magnification loupes have been suggested to reduce this risk factor and minimize MSDs. METHODS After IRB approval, 24 hygienists were enrolled in the study: twelve hygienists wearing loupes with a standard manufacturer determined declination angle (control) and 12 hygienists wearing loupes with a custom measured declination angle (experimental). To measure changes in neck and trunk flexion, accelerometers were placed on the occipital region of head, cervical vertebrae C5, and thoracic vertebrae T5 and baseline posture was recorded. Typodonts with artificial calculus simulated the oral environment. Participants were randomly assigned to wear their designated loupes during the first or second trial of the experiment and scaled in each quadrant (UR, LR, UL, LL) of the mouth for two minutes. Participants completed the scaling task twice: in the loupes and no loupes condition in a counterbalanced order. Three-way mixed design ANOVA was used to determine posture differences in neck and trunk posture. RESULTS Those wearing custom loupes (M = 16.52, SD = 6.40) had significantly less trunk flexion while scaling compared to hygienists wearing standard loupes (M = 22.27, SD = 6.40), F(1, 22) = 7.14, P = .01. Neck flexion was not significantly affected while scaling between loupes vs no loupes or loupes type condition, (P's > .05). CONCLUSION Posture was partially impacted by loupes type. Custom loupes resulted in less trunk flexion. Neck flexion was not affected by either loupes type.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily A Ludwig
- School of Dental Hygiene, Old Dominion University, Norfolk, Virginia, USA
| | - Susan L Tolle
- School of Dental Hygiene, Old Dominion University, Norfolk, Virginia, USA
| | - Eric Jenkins
- School of Rehabilitation Sciences, Old Dominion University, Norfolk, Virginia, USA
| | - Daniel Russell
- School of Rehabilitation Sciences, Old Dominion University, Norfolk, Virginia, USA
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24
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Klinedinst BS, Meier NF, Larsen B, Wang Y, Yu S, Mochel JP, Le S, Wolf T, Pollpeter A, Pappas C, Wang Q, Allenspach K, Wang L, Russell D, Bennett DA, Willette AA. Walking in the Light: How History of Physical Activity, Sunlight, and Vitamin D Account for Body Fat-A UK Biobank Study. Obesity (Silver Spring) 2020; 28:1428-1437. [PMID: 32573118 PMCID: PMC7501143 DOI: 10.1002/oby.22852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2020] [Revised: 04/03/2020] [Accepted: 04/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The high prevalence of vitamin D deficiency and obesity drives the need for successful strategies that elevate vitamin D levels, prevent adipogenesis, and stimulate lipolysis. This study provides a theoretical model to evaluate how physical activity (PA) and sunlight exposure influence serum vitamin D levels and regional adiposity. This study hypothesized a posteriori that sunlight is associated with undifferentiated visceral adiposity by increasing the ratio of brown to white adipose tissue. METHODS Using 10-year longitudinal data, accelerometry, a sun-exposure questionnaire, and regional adiposity quantified by dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry imaging, a structural-equation mediation model of growth curves was constructed with a data-driven methodology. RESULTS Sunlight and PA conjointly increased serum vitamin D. Changes in vitamin D levels partially mediated how sunlight and PA impacted adiposity in visceral and subcutaneous regions within a subjective PA model. In an objective PA model, vitamin D was a mediator for subcutaneous regions only. Interestingly, sunlight was associated with less adiposity in subcutaneous regions but greater adiposity in visceral regions. CONCLUSIONS Sunlight and PA may increase vitamin D levels. For the first time, this study characterizes a positive association between sunlight and visceral adiposity. Further investigation and experimentation are necessary to clarify the physiological role of sunlight exposure on adipose tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brandon S. Klinedinst
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Iowa State
University, Ames, IA
- Neuroscience Program, Iowa State University, Ames, IA
| | | | - Brittany Larsen
- Neuroscience Program, Iowa State University, Ames, IA
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary
Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA
| | - Yueying Wang
- Department of Statistics, Iowa State University, Ames,
IA
| | - Shan Yu
- Department of Statistics, Iowa State University, Ames,
IA
| | - Jonathan P. Mochel
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary
Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA
| | - Scott Le
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Iowa State
University, Ames, IA
| | - Tovah Wolf
- Department of Nutrition & Dietetics, Western Carolina
University, Cullowhee, NC
| | - Amy Pollpeter
- Bioinformatics & Computational Biology Program, Iowa
State University, Ames, IA
| | - Colleen Pappas
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Iowa State
University, Ames, IA
| | - Qian Wang
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Iowa State
University, Ames, IA
| | - Karin Allenspach
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Iowa State
University, Ames, IA
| | - Li Wang
- Department of Statistics, Iowa State University, Ames,
IA
| | - Daniel Russell
- Department of Human Development & Family Studies, Iowa
State University, Ames, IA
| | - David A. Bennett
- Rush Alzheimer’s Disease Center, Rush University
Medical Center, Chicago, IL
| | - Auriel A. Willette
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Iowa State
University, Ames, IA
- Neuroscience Program, Iowa State University, Ames, IA
- Bioinformatics & Computational Biology Program, Iowa
State University, Ames, IA
- Department of Neurology, University of Iowa, Iowa City,
IA
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25
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Martin P, Kim J, Jasper A, Baek Y, Russell D. The development of a brief measure of health personality. J Health Psychol 2020; 26:2768-2780. [PMID: 32529852 DOI: 10.1177/1359105320931179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this research was to develop a brief assessment of health personality, defined as a set of individual dispositions that are directly related to health. In Study 1, an initial pool of items was developed with 615 older adults, 65 years of age and older. The scale was reduced to a 15-item version for use in applied health care settings. Results indicated that the 'Health Personality Assessment scale' has good internal consistency, and the five-factors correlated significantly with self-reported measures of physical health and well-being. In Study 2, the scale was cross-validated with 254 older adults from the Health Literacy and Cognitive Function among Older Adults Study. The scale was refined and a third study consisted of 3,907 older adults. Reliability and validity of the scale were confirmed. Future research should evaluate the usefulness of this scale in applied healthcare settings.
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da Rosa GD, Martin P, Kim J, Russell D, Abraham WT, Gondo Y, Hirose N, Masui Y, Poon LW. A Cultural Comparison of Personality Profiles of U.S. and Japanese Centenarians. Int J Aging Hum Dev 2020; 93:562-583. [PMID: 32394718 DOI: 10.1177/0091415020920002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was a cross-cultural examination of centenarians' personality through a person-centered approach to examine if there is a "resilient" personality profile consistent across cultures. Proxy reports information was obtained from family and close friends of 239 U.S. centenarians from the Georgia Centenarians Study and 272 Japanese centenarians from the Tokyo Centenarian Study. Latent profile analyses were conducted to identify personality profiles in centenarians from the United States and Japan. Two personality profiles were identified in both samples: a "resilient" personality profile and "nonresilient" personality profile. The "resilient" group had higher levels of positive personality traits with higher scores on agreeableness and extraversion and lower scores on neuroticism, conscientiousness, and openness. The "nonresilient" group had higher scores on neuroticism and lower scores on extraversion, openness, agreeableness, and conscientiousness. Fifty percent of U.S. centenarians and 65% of Japanese centenarians were in the "resilient" group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grace D da Rosa
- 1177 Department of Human Development and Family Studies, Iowa State University, Ames, USA
| | - Peter Martin
- 1177 Department of Human Development and Family Studies, Iowa State University, Ames, USA
| | - Joseph Kim
- 1177 Department of Human Development and Family Studies, Iowa State University, Ames, USA
| | - Daniel Russell
- 1177 Department of Human Development and Family Studies, Iowa State University, Ames, USA
| | - W Todd Abraham
- 1177 Department of Human Development and Family Studies, Iowa State University, Ames, USA
| | - Yasuyuki Gondo
- 13013 College of Human Sciences, Osaka University, Japan
| | - Nobuyoshi Hirose
- 12869 Department of Geriatric Medicine, Keio University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yukie Masui
- 13971 Institute of Gerontology, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Gerontology, Japan
| | - Leonard W Poon
- 1355 Institute of Gerontology and the Georgia Geriatric Education Center, University of Georgia, USA
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Russell D, Higgins D, Posso A. Preventing child sexual abuse: A systematic review of interventions and their efficacy in developing countries. Child Abuse Negl 2020; 102:104395. [PMID: 32062425 DOI: 10.1016/j.chiabu.2020.104395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2019] [Revised: 01/20/2020] [Accepted: 01/28/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Research on prevalence, risk factors, and prevention interventions for child sexual abuse has continued to focus on western and developed countries. Where country-level prevalence data or large-scale research exists, rates of child sexual abuse are consistently higher in developing and non-western countries than their western and developed counterparts. OBJECTIVE We systematically reviewed research on the nature of child sexual abuse interventions in developing countries, the settings and populations included to identify types of child sexual abuse prevention initiatives being implemented in developing countries and their effectiveness. METHODS Following PRISMA guidelines, we conducted a systematic search of six databases and identified eight studies to include in our analysis. RESULTS Most empirically evaluated interventions in developing countries have focused on preschool and primary school-aged children. Most have focused on interventions delivered in educational settings, with a lack of focus on population-level interventions to prevent child sexual abuse. Researchers have used outcomes measuring knowledge or skills for young people in self-protection and help-seeking, not deployment of those skills, actual reduction in prevalence of CSA, or improvements in conditions of safety in organizational contexts. CONCLUSIONS If the focus on school-based strategies to prevent child sexual abuse continues in developing countries, a significant gap in knowledge of the efficacy of population-level interventions outside of school contexts, and consistency across the application of interventions will remain. Evaluations are needed that address the efficacy of broader government-led or whole-of-community prevention interventions to reduce actual prevalence of child sexual abuse, or that can link increased knowledge and skill with reduced victimization.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Russell
- Institute of Child Protection Studies, Australian Catholic University, Australia.
| | - D Higgins
- Institute of Child Protection Studies, Australian Catholic University, Australia
| | - A Posso
- Royal Melbourne Institute of Technology, Australia
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Russell D, Cole W, Yheulon C, Wren S, Kellicut D, Lim R. USA Department of Defense audit of surgical antibiotic prophylaxis prescribing patterns in inguinal hernia repair. Hernia 2020; 25:159-164. [PMID: 32107656 DOI: 10.1007/s10029-020-02145-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2019] [Accepted: 02/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Antibiotic prophylaxis in inguinal hernia repair (IHR) is contentious in literature and practice. In low-risk patients, for whom evidence suggests antibiotic prophylaxis is unnecessary, many surgeons still advocate for its routine use. This study surveys prescription patterns of Department of Defense (DoD) general surgeons. METHODS An anonymous survey was sent electronically to approximately 350 DoD general surgeons. The survey asked multiple-choice and free text answers about prescribing patterns and knowledge of current evidence for low-risk patients undergoing elective open inguinal hernia repair without mesh (OIHRWOM), open inguinal hernia repair with mesh (OIHRWM), or laparoscopic inguinal hernia repair (LIHR). RESULTS 110 DoD general surgeons consented to participate. 58.6, 95 and 84.2% of surgeons always administer antibiotic prophylaxis in OIHRWOM, OIHRWM, and LIHR, respectively. 37.9, 70.9, and 63.2% of surgeons believe that it reduces rates of surgical site infection in OIHRWOM, OIHRWM, and LIHR, respectively. The most common reasons for empirically prescribing antibiotic prophylaxis include "I think the evidence supports it" (27 of 72 responses), "I would rather be conservative and safe" (15 of 72 responses), and "I am following my hospital/department guidelines" (9 of 72 responses). 11.8, 40.8, and 32.9% of surgeons believe current evidence supports antibiotic prophylaxis use in OIHRWM, OIHRWOM, and LIHR, respectively. 50, 18.4, and 22.4% of surgeons believe current evidence refutes antibiotic prophylaxis use in OIHRWM, OIHRWOM, and LIHR, respectively. CONCLUSION The survey results indicate that the majority of practicing DoD general surgeons still empirically prescribe surgical antibiotic prophylaxis in IHR despite more conflicting opinions that it has no meaningful effect or that current evidence does not supports its use.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Russell
- Tripler Army Medical Center, Honolulu, HI, 96815, USA.
| | - W Cole
- Tripler Army Medical Center, Honolulu, HI, 96815, USA
| | - C Yheulon
- Tripler Army Medical Center, Honolulu, HI, 96815, USA
| | - S Wren
- Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - D Kellicut
- Tripler Army Medical Center, Honolulu, HI, 96815, USA
| | - R Lim
- University of Oklahoma, Tulsa, OK, 74104, USA
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Zamani M, Skagen K, Scott H, Russell D, Skjelland M. Advanced ultrasound methods in assessment of carotid plaque instability: a prospective multimodal study. BMC Neurol 2020; 20:39. [PMID: 31996153 PMCID: PMC6990506 DOI: 10.1186/s12883-020-1620-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2019] [Accepted: 01/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background A significant proportion of ischemic strokes are caused by emboli from atherosclerotic, unstable carotid artery plaques. The selection of patients for endarterectomy in current clinical practice is primarily based on the degree of carotid artery stenosis and clinical symptoms. However, the content of the plaque is known to be more important for stroke risk. Intraplaque neovascularization (IPN) has recently emerged as a possible surrogate marker for plaque instability. Neo-microvessels from the adventitial vasa vasorum grow into the full thickness of the vessel wall in an adaptive response to hypoxia, causing subsequent intraplaque haemorrhage and plaque rupture. Conventional ultrasound cannot detect IPN. Contrast-enhanced ultrasound and Superb Microvascular Imaging (SMI), have, however, shown promise in IPN assessment. Recent research using Shear Wave Elastography (SWE) has also reported reduced tissue stiffness in the artery wall (reduced mean Young’s modulus) in unstable compared to stable plaques. The purpose of this study is to identify unstable carotid artery plaques at risk of rupture and future ischemic stroke risk using multimodal assessments. Methods Forty five symptomatic and 45 asymptomatic patients > 18 years, with > 50% carotid stenosis referred to Oslo University Hospital ultrasound lab will be included in this on-going project. Patients will undergo contrast enhanced ultrasound, SMI, carotid-MRI and PET-(18F-FDG). Contrast enhanced ultrasound will be analyzed semi-quantitatively (5-levels visual classification) and quantitatively by plotting time-intensity curve analyses to obtain plaque peak contrast enhancement intensity. Plaques removed at carotid endarterectomy will be assessed histologically and the number of microvessels, areas of inflammation, granulation, calcification, lipid and fibrosis will be measured. Discussion This multimodality study will primarily provide information on the clinical value of advanced ultrasound methods (SMI, SWE) for the detection of unstable carotid artery plaque in comparison with other methods including contrast-enhanced ultrasound, carotid-MRI and PET-(18F-FDG) using histology as the gold standard. Secondly, findings from the methods mentioned above will be related to cerebrovascular symptoms, blood tests (leukocytes, CRP, ESR, lipoproteins and inflammatory markers) and cardiovascular risk factors at inclusion and at 1-year follow-up. The overall aim is to optimize detection of plaque instability which can lead to better preventive decisions and reduced stroke rate.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Zamani
- Department of Neurology, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, Postboks 4950 Nydalen 0424, Oslo, Norway. .,Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.
| | - K Skagen
- Department of Neurology, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, Postboks 4950 Nydalen 0424, Oslo, Norway.,Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - H Scott
- Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.,Department of Pathology, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, Norway
| | - D Russell
- Department of Neurology, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, Postboks 4950 Nydalen 0424, Oslo, Norway.,Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - M Skjelland
- Department of Neurology, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, Postboks 4950 Nydalen 0424, Oslo, Norway.,Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
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Abstract
Abstract
Research confirms serious and concerning health implications for lonely and socially isolated older adults. Studies consistently demonstrate that older adults who are lonely or socially isolated have higher rates of depression, more health conditions, and greater mortality. AARP Services, Inc. (ASI) and UnitedHealthcare (UHC) are committed to the health and well-being of insureds in AARP® Medicare Supplement Plans insured by UnitedHealthcare Insurance Company (for New York certificate holders, UnitedHealthcare of New York), recognizing that health and wellness should be promoted on a holistic level to ensure successful aging. As part of this commitment, a research initiative entitled Aging Strong 2020 has been developed. Its purpose is to impact insureds’ personal and social investments in their well-being Thus a related series of interventions are aiming to increase resilience by focusing on enhanced purpose in life, social connectedness, and optimism. This symposium will specifically discuss these efforts related to social connectedness and how they have improved well-being among lonely older adults. First discussed is the prevalence and outcomes of loneliness in a large national survey. Interventions include use of animatronic pets, a telephonic reminiscent memory program, and an online self-compassion mindfulness program. Findings from these initiatives demonstrate that interventions designed to improve loneliness and well-being among lonely older adults can contribute to the holistic model of health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charlotte Yeh
- AARP Services, Inc., Washington, District of Columbia, United States
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31
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Scott R, Ellis L, Khanom A, Rhydderch M, Richardson G, Russell D, Russell I, Snooks H. Health experiences of asylum seekers and refugees in Wales. Eur J Public Health 2019. [DOI: 10.1093/eurpub/ckz186.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
There are concerns that people seeking sanctuary (asylum seekers and refugees) in Wales, UK, have unmet health needs and face difficulties accessing services, but little collated evidence. This study addressed this gap to inform policy and practice in reducing health inequities. It aimed to: investigate the health, wellbeing and healthcare experiences of adults seeking sanctuary in Wales, including the views of healthcare recipients and providers; and establish what helped or hindered the healthcare experiences of those seeking sanctuary. It is the most comprehensive study of this population in Wales.
A mixed-method approach was taken, including a literature search, a cross-sectional survey of 210 adults seeking sanctuary, telephone interviews with 32 health professionals and third sector support workers, and 8 focus groups including 57 people seeking sanctuary and those supporting them.
Eight trained volunteer peer researchers, themselves asylum seekers or refugees, administered the surveys. Interviews were digitally recorded, transcribed and analysed using a standard framework.
The literature search identified 5 themes that help or hinder people seeking sanctuary to access healthcare. The survey found 79% of respondents attended an initial health assessment on arriving in Wales, with 94% currently registered with Primary healthcare. 64% reported difficulties in accessing health services. Awareness of services was mixed, with 66% having used healthcare in working hours (planned) and 28% out of hours (unplanned).
Mainstream health professionals felt they lack capacity to deliver care effectively due to time and other pressures on the healthcare system and the need for appropriate translation/interpretation services.
This study triangulates the experiences of people seeking sanctuary with those providing healthcare and general support. Peer researchers maximised sanctuary seekers’ participation. Many of its methods and findings have relevance to other countries in Europe.
Key messages
Improving health equity is key to realising Wales’ ambition to become a Nation of Sanctuary. Peer Researchers enabled participation by sanctuary seekers and revealed useful findings to steer future policy and practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Scott
- Policy & International Health, Public Health Wales, Cardiff, UK
| | - L Ellis
- Policy & International Health, Public Health Wales, Cardiff, UK
| | - A Khanom
- Patient and Population Health and Informatics, Swansea University, Swansea, UK
| | - M Rhydderch
- Displaced People in Action, Displaced People in Action, Cardiff, UK
| | - G Richardson
- Policy & International Health, Public Health Wales, Cardiff, UK
| | - D Russell
- Patient and Population Health and Informatics, Swansea University, Swansea, UK
| | - I Russell
- Patient and Population Health and Informatics, Swansea University, Swansea, UK
| | - H Snooks
- Patient and Population Health and Informatics, Swansea University, Swansea, UK
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Carlsson AM, Curry P, Elkin B, Russell D, Veitch A, Branigan M, Campbell M, Croft B, Cuyler C, Côté SD, Leclerc LM, Tryland M, Nymo IH, Kutz SJ. Multi-pathogen serological survey of migratory caribou herds: A snapshot in time. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0219838. [PMID: 31365561 PMCID: PMC6668789 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0219838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2019] [Accepted: 07/02/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Pathogens can impact host survival, fecundity, and population dynamics even when no obvious disease is observed. Few baseline data on pathogen prevalence and diversity of caribou are available, which hampers our ability to track changes over time and evaluate impacts on caribou health. Archived blood samples collected from ten migratory caribou herds in Canada and two in Greenland were used to test for exposure to pathogens that have the potential to effect population productivity, are zoonotic or are emerging. Relationships between seroprevalence and individual, population, and other health parameters were also examined. For adult caribou, the highest overall seroprevalence was for alphaherpesvirus (49%, n = 722), pestivirus (49%, n = 572) and Neospora caninum (27%, n = 452). Lower seroprevalence was found for parainfluenza virus type 3 (9%, n = 708), Brucella suis (2%, n = 758), and Toxoplasma gondii (2%, n = 706). No animal tested positive for antibodies against West Nile virus (n = 418) or bovine respiratory syncytial virus (n = 417). This extensive multi-pathogen survey of migratory caribou herds provides evidence that caribou are exposed to pathogens that may have impacts on herd health and revealed potential interactions between pathogens as well as geographical differences in pathogen exposure that could be linked to the bio-geographical history of caribou. Caribou are a keystone species and the socio-economic cornerstone of many indigenous cultures across the North. The results from this study highlight the urgent need for a better understanding of pathogen diversity and the impact of pathogens on caribou health.
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Affiliation(s)
- A. M. Carlsson
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
- * E-mail:
| | - P. Curry
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - B. Elkin
- Environment and Natural Resources, Government of the Northwest Territories, Yellowknife, Alberta, Canada
| | - D. Russell
- CircumArctic Rangifer Monitoring and Assessment Network, Whitehorse, Yukon, Canada
| | - A. Veitch
- Environment and Natural Resources, Government of the Northwest Territories, Yellowknife, Alberta, Canada
| | - M. Branigan
- Environment and Natural Resources, Government of the Northwest Territories, Yellowknife, Alberta, Canada
| | - M. Campbell
- Department of Environment, Government of Nunavut, Iqaluit, Nunavut, Canada
| | - B. Croft
- Environment and Natural Resources, Government of the Northwest Territories, Yellowknife, Alberta, Canada
| | - C. Cuyler
- Greenland Institute of Natural Resources, Nuuk, Greenland
| | - S. D. Côté
- Caribou Ungava, Département de Biologie and Centre d’études nordiques, Université Laval, Québec, Québec, Canada
| | - L-M Leclerc
- Department of Environment, Government of Nunavut, Iqaluit, Nunavut, Canada
| | - M. Tryland
- Department of Arctic and Marine Biology, UiT - The Arctic University of Norway, Tromso, Norway
| | - I. H. Nymo
- Department of Arctic and Marine Biology, UiT - The Arctic University of Norway, Tromso, Norway
| | - S. J. Kutz
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
- Canadian Wildlife Health Cooperative, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
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Giles ML, MacPhail A, Bell C, Bradshaw CS, Furner V, Gunathilake M, John M, Krishnaswamy S, Martin SJ, Ooi C, Owen L, Russell D, Street A, Post JJ. The barriers to linkage and retention in care for women living with HIV in an high income setting where they comprise a minority group. AIDS Care 2019; 31:730-736. [PMID: 30754996 DOI: 10.1080/09540121.2019.1576843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Women comprise a minority population of individuals living with HIV in Australia, and are often poorly represented in research and clinical trials so their needs remain largely unknown. Data suggests that they are diagnosed later than men and start antiretroviral therapy at a lower CD4 cell count. This raises the question whether there are sex specific barriers to linkage and retention in care. This study analyzed 484 surveys received from clinicians collecting demographic, virological, and reproductive health data along with perceived barriers to linkage and retention in care. Most women (67%) were estimated to have been linked into care within 28 days of diagnosis. For women who were not linked into care for more than 28 days, the most commonly reason cited was fear of disclosure to others, followed by fear of disclosure to their partner. The main reasons given for non-retention in care were related to transport, carer responsibilities, financial pressure, health beliefs and concern about stigma or disclosure.
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Affiliation(s)
- M L Giles
- a Department of Infectious Diseases , Alfred Health , Melbourne , Australia.,b Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology , Monash University , Melbourne , Australia
| | - A MacPhail
- a Department of Infectious Diseases , Alfred Health , Melbourne , Australia
| | - C Bell
- c Royal Adelaide Hospital , Adelaide , Australia
| | - C S Bradshaw
- d Melbourne Sexual Health Centre , Melbourne , Australia.,e Central Clinical School , Monash University , Melbourne , Australia
| | - V Furner
- f The Albion Centre , Sydney , Australia
| | - M Gunathilake
- g Sexual Health and Blood Borne Virus Unit, Centre for Disease Control , Northern Territory , Darwin , Australia.,h Kirby Institute , University of New South Wales , Sydney , Australia
| | - M John
- i Department of Immunology , Royal Perth Hospital , Perth , Australia
| | - S Krishnaswamy
- j Alice Springs Hospital , Alice Springs , Australia.,k Monash Infectious Diseases , Monash Health , Melbourne , Australia
| | - S J Martin
- l Canberra Sexual Health Service , Canberra Hospital , Canberra , Australia.,m Australian National University , Canberra , Australia
| | - C Ooi
- n Western Sydney Sexual Health Centre , Sydney , Australia
| | - L Owen
- o Statewide Sexual Health Service , Tasmania , Australia
| | - D Russell
- p Cairns Sexual Health Service , Cairns , Australia
| | - A Street
- q Victorian Infectious Diseases Service , Royal Melbourne Hospital , Melbourne , Australia
| | - J J Post
- f The Albion Centre , Sydney , Australia.,r Department of Infectious Diseases, Prince of Wales Hospital , Sydney , Australia.,s Prince of Wales Clinical School , University of New South Wales , Sydney , Australia
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34
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McRae C, Caspari J, Russell D, Ellgring H, Bezzant C, Greene P, Fahn S. Video Review of Baseline Performance on Global Ratings in a Double-Blind Placebo Surgery Trial. Mov Disord Clin Pract 2019; 5:597-602. [PMID: 30637279 DOI: 10.1002/mdc3.12666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2018] [Revised: 06/15/2018] [Accepted: 07/13/2018] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Background A randomized controlled double-blind sham surgery trial was conducted to determine the effectiveness of implantation of human embryonic dopamine neurons into the putamen of patients with advanced Parkinson's disease (PD). The present analyses determined whether patients viewing a video of them performing motor activities off medications at baseline would affect self-ratings 12 months later on the Global Rating Scale (GRS). Objectives To examine changes in GRS scores pre- and post-video review for the total sample; to examine differences in scores between actual implant and sham groups, as well as perceived groups pre- and post-video review; to examine differences among four subgroups of patients based on actual and perceived treatment (i.e., actual implant/perceived implant). Methods Forty participants were recruited and randomly assigned to receive either neural implantation or sham surgery. The primary outcome variable was a one-item GRS ranging from -3 (much worse since surgery) to +3 (much improved since surgery). At 12 months (before the blind was lifted) patients rated themselves on the GRS before and after viewing the baseline video. Results Total sample GRS scores improved after the video (P = .001). There were no differences between the actual implant and sham groups before or after the video, but there were differences between perceived groups at both times (P < .001). Among subgroups, improvement after the video was found only in the group receiving the implant but who thought sham (P = .011). Conclusions When self-ratings are an outcome variable, review of baseline videos is recommended before making comparative ratings.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Paul Greene
- Mt. Sinai Health System New York New York USA
| | - Stanley Fahn
- Neurological Institute Columbia University Medical Center New York New York USA
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Puhr R, Petoumenos K, Huang R, Templeton DJ, Woolley I, Bloch M, Russell D, Law MG, Cooper DA. Cardiovascular disease and diabetes in HIV-positive and HIV-negative gay and bisexual men over the age of 55 years in Australia: insights from the Australian Positive & Peers Longevity Evaluation Study. HIV Med 2018; 20:121-130. [PMID: 30474916 DOI: 10.1111/hiv.12689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/01/2018] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES As HIV-positive people age, diagnosis and management of comorbidities associated with ageing are of increasing concern. In this study, we aimed to compare the self-reported prevalences of heart disease, stroke, thrombosis and diabetes in older Australian HIV-positive and HIV-negative gay and bisexual men (GBM). METHODS We analysed data from the Australian Positive & Peers Longevity Evaluation Study (APPLES), a study of a prospectively recruited cross-sectional sample of 228 (51.1%) HIV-positive and 218 (48.9%) HIV-negative GBM, aged ≥ 55 years. Regression methods were used to assess the association of HIV status with self-reported comorbidities. RESULTS Of 446 patients, 389 [200 (51.4%) HIV-positive] reported their disease history. The reported prevalence of comorbidities was higher in the HIV-positive group than in the HIV-negative group: heart disease, 19.5 versus 12.2%; stroke, 7.5 versus 4.2%; thrombosis, 10.5 versus 4.2%; and diabetes, 15.0 versus 9.0%, respectively. In adjusted analyses, HIV-positive GBM had significantly increased odds of reporting heart disease [adjusted odds ratio (aOR) 1.99; P = 0.03] and thrombosis (aOR 2.87; P = 0.01). In our analysis, HIV status was not significantly associated with either age at diagnosis of heart disease (median 53 years for HIV-positive GBM versus 55 years for HIV-negative GBM; P = 0.64) or 5-year cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk estimated using the Framingham risk score. CONCLUSIONS HIV-positive GBM more commonly reported heart disease and thrombosis compared with their HIV-negative peers. These results further highlight the need to understand the impact of HIV on age-related comorbidities in GBM, to guide optimal screening and treatment strategies to reduce the risk of these comorbidities among the HIV-positive population.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Puhr
- The Kirby Institute, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - K Petoumenos
- The Kirby Institute, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - R Huang
- The Kirby Institute, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - D J Templeton
- The Kirby Institute, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,RPA Sexual Health, Sydney Local Health District, Camperdown, NSW, Australia.,Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - I Woolley
- Monash Infectious Diseases, Monash Health and Monash University, Clayton, Vic, Australia
| | - M Bloch
- Holdsworth House Medical Practice, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - D Russell
- Cairns Sexual Health Service, Cairns North, QLD, Australia.,James Cook University, Cairns, QLD, Australia
| | - M G Law
- The Kirby Institute, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - D A Cooper
- The Kirby Institute, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
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Kim J, Jasper A, Martin P, Russell D. LATENT PROFILES OF HEALTH PERSONALITY. Innov Aging 2018. [DOI: 10.1093/geroni/igy031.3577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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37
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Baik D, Russell D, Jordan L, Dooley F, Bowles K, Masterson Creber R. End-of-Life Issues. Innov Aging 2018. [DOI: 10.1093/geroni/igy023.1932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - L Jordan
- Visiting Nurse Service of New York
| | - F Dooley
- Visiting Nurse Service of New York
| | - K Bowles
- University of Pennsylvania School of Nursing
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Lohman BJ, Neppl TK, Lee Y, Diggs ON, Russell D. The Association between Household Food Insecurity and Body Mass Index: A Prospective Growth Curve Analysis. J Pediatr 2018; 202:115-120.e1. [PMID: 30072138 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpeds.2018.05.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2017] [Revised: 05/02/2018] [Accepted: 05/31/2018] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To examine the association between food insecurity and body mass index (BMI) from early adolescence to adulthood. STUDY DESIGN Growth curve analyses were performed. Sex differences were examined by conducting the analyses separately by sex. Ten data points were examined over a 16-year period from age 15 to 31 years. Data were obtained from the Family Transitions Project, a longitudinal study of 559 adolescents and their families that was initiated in 1989 in the Midwest. Primarily rural, non-Hispanic whites were selected based on the economic farm crisis. We examined participants from adolescence to adulthood from 1991 through 2007. Measures included a 2-item food insecurity construct and BMI as indicated by self-reported height and weight from adolescence through middle adulthood. These associations were analyzed using prospective growth curve modeling. RESULTS Our analyses indicated a general increase in BMI with age, whereas food insecurity declined over time. Higher levels of food insecurity at age 15 years led to a more rapid increase in BMI. Finally, a positive relationship was found between the changes in food insecurity and BMI over time. These associations held only for females. CONCLUSION Our results argue for increasing access to food during key developmental periods such as early adolescence, which could help reduce the long-term implications for health, particularly BMI in girls.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brenda J Lohman
- Department of Human Development and Family Studies, Iowa State University, Ames, IA.
| | - Tricia K Neppl
- Department of Human Development and Family Studies, Iowa State University, Ames, IA
| | - Yoojin Lee
- Department of Human Development and Family Studies, Iowa State University, Ames, IA
| | - Olivia N Diggs
- Department of Human Development and Family Studies, Iowa State University, Ames, IA
| | - Daniel Russell
- Department of Human Development and Family Studies, Iowa State University, Ames, IA
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Obhi H, Margrett J, Russell D, Kohut M. INFLAMMATION AND COGNITION: THE IMPACT OF EXERCISE INTERVENTION FITNESS IMPROVEMENT. Innov Aging 2018. [DOI: 10.1093/geroni/igy023.925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Schaer J, McMichael L, Gordon AN, Russell D, Matuschewski K, Perkins SL, Field H, Power M. Phylogeny of Hepatocystis parasites of Australian flying foxes reveals distinct parasite clade. Int J Parasitol Parasites Wildl 2018; 7:207-212. [PMID: 29988481 PMCID: PMC6024243 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijppaw.2018.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2018] [Revised: 05/31/2018] [Accepted: 06/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Hepatocystis parasites are close relatives of mammalian Plasmodium species and infect a range of primates and bats. Here, we present the phylogenetic relationships of Hepatocystis parasites of three Australian flying fox species. Multilocus phylogenetic analysis revealed that Hepatocystis parasites of Pteropus species from Australia and Asia form a distinct clade that is sister to all other Hepatocystis parasites of primates and bats from Africa and Asia. No patterns of host specificity were recovered within the Pteropus-specific parasite clade and the Hepatocystis sequences from all three Australian host species sampled fell into two divergent clades. First molecular phylogeny of Hepatocystis parasites in Australian flying foxes. Hepatocystis parasites of Pteropus form a distinct clade. Lack of host species specificity as distinct hallmark of Hepatocystis parasites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliane Schaer
- Department of Biological Sciences, Macquarie University, North Ryde, 2109, Australia.,Department of Molecular Parasitology, Institute of Biology, Humboldt University, 10117, Berlin, Germany
| | - Lee McMichael
- School of Veterinary Science, University of Queensland, Gatton Campus, Gatton, QLD, 4343, Australia
| | - Anita N Gordon
- Biosecurity Sciences Laboratory, Health and Food Science Precinct, 39 Kessels Rd, Coopers Plains, Queensland, 4108, Australia
| | - Daniel Russell
- Department of Biological Sciences, Macquarie University, North Ryde, 2109, Australia
| | - Kai Matuschewski
- Department of Molecular Parasitology, Institute of Biology, Humboldt University, 10117, Berlin, Germany
| | - Susan L Perkins
- Sackler Institute for Comparative Genomics, American Museum of Natural History, New York, NY, 10024, USA
| | - Hume Field
- EcoHealth Alliance, New York, NY, 10001, USA
| | - Michelle Power
- Department of Biological Sciences, Macquarie University, North Ryde, 2109, Australia
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Barr DB, McFadzean RM, Hadley D, Ramsay A, Houston CA, Russell D. Acquired Bilateral Superior Oblique Palsy: A Localising Sign in the Dorsal Midbrain. Eur J Ophthalmol 2018; 7:271-6. [PMID: 9352282 DOI: 10.1177/112067219700700312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Bilateral superior oblique palsy is an uncommon ocular motility problem, the commonest cause being closed head trauma. Two cases, both adults, are presented in whom bilateral superior oblique palsy occurred as a result of neoplastic infiltration of the dorsal midbrain in the region of the anterior medullary velum. In the absence of a history of head trauma, the presence of an acquired bilateral superior oblique palsy is a definite sign of a single lesion in the region of the decussation of the trochlear nerves and appropriate imaging is indicated.
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Affiliation(s)
- D B Barr
- Tennent Institute of Ophthalmology, Glasgow, United Kingdom
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Russell D. Gravitational Wave Speed: Undefined. Experiments Proposed. RIO 2018. [DOI: 10.3897/rio.4.e25606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Since changes in all 4 dimensions of spacetime are components of displacement for gravitational waves, a theoretical result is presented that their speed is undefined, and that the Theory of Relativity is not reliable to predict their speed. Astrophysical experiments are proposed with objectives to directly measure gravitational wave speed, and to verify these theoretical results. From the circumference of two merging black hole's final orbit, it is proposed to make an estimate of a total duration of the last ten orbits, before gravitational collapse, for comparison with durations of reported gravitational wave signals. It is proposed to open a new field of engineering of spacetime wave modulation with an objective of faster and better data transmission and communication through the Earth, the Sun, and deep space. If experiments verify that gravitational waves have infinite speed, it is concluded that a catastrophic gravitational collapse, such as a merger of quasars, today, would re-define the geometry and curvature of spacetime on Earth, instantly, without optical observations of this merger visible, until billions of years in the future.
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Kobayashi A, Czlonkowska A, Ford GA, Fonseca AC, Luijckx GJ, Korv J, de la Ossa NP, Price C, Russell D, Tsiskaridze A, Messmer-Wullen M, De Keyser J. European Academy of Neurology and European Stroke Organization consensus statement and practical guidance for pre-hospital management of stroke. Eur J Neurol 2018; 25:425-433. [PMID: 29218822 DOI: 10.1111/ene.13539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2017] [Accepted: 12/01/2017] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE The reduction of delay between onset and hospital arrival and adequate pre-hospital care of persons with acute stroke are important for improving the chances of a favourable outcome. The objective is to recommend evidence-based practices for the management of patients with suspected stroke in the pre-hospital setting. METHODS The GRADE (Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation) methodology was used to define the key clinical questions. An expert panel then reviewed the literature, established the quality of the evidence, and made recommendations. RESULTS Despite very low quality of evidence educational campaigns to increase the awareness of immediately calling emergency medical services are strongly recommended. Moderate quality evidence was found to support strong recommendations for the training of emergency medical personnel in recognizing the symptoms of a stroke and in implementation of a pre-hospital 'code stroke' including highest priority dispatch, pre-hospital notification and rapid transfer to the closest 'stroke-ready' centre. Insufficient evidence was found to recommend a pre-hospital stroke scale to predict large vessel occlusion. Despite the very low quality of evidence, restoring normoxia in patients with hypoxia is recommended, and blood pressure lowering drugs and treating hyperglycaemia with insulin should be avoided. There is insufficient evidence to recommend the routine use of mobile stroke units delivering intravenous thrombolysis at the scene. Because only feasibility studies have been reported, no recommendations can be provided for pre-hospital telemedicine during ambulance transport. CONCLUSIONS These guidelines inform on the contemporary approach to patients with suspected stroke in the pre-hospital setting. Further studies, preferably randomized controlled trials, are required to examine the impact of particular interventions on quality parameters and outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Kobayashi
- Institute of Psychiatry and Neurology, Interventional Stroke and Cerebrovascular Diseases Treatment Centre, Warsaw, Poland.,Department of Neuroradiology, Institute of Psychiatry and Neurology, Warsaw, Poland.,Second Department of Neurology, Institute of Psychiatry and Neurology, Warsaw, Poland
| | - A Czlonkowska
- Second Department of Neurology, Institute of Psychiatry and Neurology, Warsaw, Poland.,Department of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - G A Ford
- Division of Medical Sciences, Oxford University, Oxford, UK
| | - A C Fonseca
- Department of Neurology, Hospital de Santa Maria, University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - G J Luijckx
- Department of Neurology, University Medical Centre Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - J Korv
- Department of Neurology, Estonia Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Neurology Clinic, Tartu University Hospital, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - N Pérez de la Ossa
- Department of Neurosciences, Hospital Universitari Germans Trias i Pujol, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Badalona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - C Price
- Institute of Neuroscience (Stroke Research Group), Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - D Russell
- Department of Neurology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - A Tsiskaridze
- Department of Neurology, Ivane Javakhishvili Tbilisi State University, Tbilisi, Georgia
| | - M Messmer-Wullen
- Austrian Stroke Selfhelp Association, Lochau, Austria.,European Federation of Neurological Associations (EFNA) and Stroke Alliance for Europe (SAFE), Brussels, Belgium
| | - J De Keyser
- Department of Neurology, University Medical Centre Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands.,Department of Neurology, Centre for Neurosciences, UZ Brussel, Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Brussels, Belgium
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Conte S, Lovell J, Russell D, Whitbourn R, Palmer S. Improvement in Diastolic Function After Transcatheter Aortic Valve Insertion. Heart Lung Circ 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.hlc.2018.06.933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Judd A, Zangerle R, Touloumi G, Warszawski J, Meyer L, Dabis F, Mary Krause M, Ghosn J, Leport C, Wittkop L, Reiss P, Wit F, Prins M, Bucher H, Gibb D, Fätkenheuer G, Julia DA, Obel N, Thorne C, Mocroft A, Kirk O, Stephan C, Pérez-Hoyos S, Hamouda O, Bartmeyer B, Chkhartishvili N, Noguera-Julian A, Antinori A, d’Arminio Monforte A, Brockmeyer N, Prieto L, Rojo Conejo P, Soriano-Arandes A, Battegay M, Kouyos R, Mussini C, Tookey P, Casabona J, Miró JM, Castagna A, Konopnick D, Goetghebuer T, Sönnerborg A, Quiros-Roldan E, Sabin C, Teira R, Garrido M, Haerry D, de Wit S, Miró JM, Costagliola D, d’Arminio-Monforte A, Castagna A, del Amo J, Mocroft A, Raben D, Chêne G, Judd A, Pablo Rojo C, Barger D, Schwimmer C, Termote M, Wittkop L, Campbell M, Frederiksen CM, Friis-Møller N, Kjaer J, Raben D, Salbøl Brandt R, Berenguer J, Bohlius J, Bouteloup V, Bucher H, Cozzi-Lepri A, Dabis F, d’Arminio Monforte A, Davies MA, del Amo J, Dorrucci M, Dunn D, Egger M, Furrer H, Grabar S, Guiguet M, Judd A, Kirk O, Lambotte O, Leroy V, Lodi S, Matheron S, Meyer L, Miro JM, Mocroft A, Monge S, Nakagawa F, Paredes R, Phillips A, Puoti M, Rohner E, Schomaker M, Smit C, Sterne J, Thiebaut R, Thorne C, Torti C, van der Valk M, Wittkop L, Tanser F, Vinikoor M, Macete E, Wood R, Stinson K, Garone D, Fatti G, Giddy J, Malisita K, Eley B, Fritz C, Hobbins M, Kamenova K, Fox M, Prozesky H, Technau K, Sawry S, Benson CA, Bosch RJ, Kirk GD, Boswell S, Mayer KH, Grasso C, Hogg RS, Richard Harrigan P, Montaner JSG, Yip B, Zhu J, Salters K, Gabler K, Buchacz K, Brooks JT, Gebo KA, Moore RD, Moore RD, Rodriguez B, Horberg MA, Silverberg MJ, Thorne JE, Rabkin C, Margolick JB, Jacobson LP, D’Souza G, Klein MB, Rourke SB, Rachlis AR, Cupido P, Hunter-Mellado RF, Mayor AM, John Gill M, Deeks SG, Martin JN, Patel P, Brooks JT, Saag MS, Mugavero MJ, Willig J, Eron JJ, Napravnik S, Kitahata MM, Crane HM, Drozd DR, Sterling TR, Haas D, Rebeiro P, Turner M, Bebawy S, Rogers B, Justice AC, Dubrow R, Fiellin D, Gange SJ, Anastos K, Moore RD, Saag MS, Gange SJ, Kitahata MM, Althoff KN, Horberg MA, Klein MB, McKaig RG, Freeman AM, Moore RD, Freeman AM, Lent C, Kitahata MM, Van Rompaey SE, Crane HM, Drozd DR, Morton L, McReynolds J, Lober WB, Gange SJ, Althoff KN, Abraham AG, Lau B, Zhang J, Jing J, Modur S, Wong C, Hogan B, Desir F, Liu B, You B, Cahn P, Cesar C, Fink V, Sued O, Dell’Isola E, Perez H, Valiente J, Yamamoto C, Grinsztejn B, Veloso V, Luz P, de Boni R, Cardoso Wagner S, Friedman R, Moreira R, Pinto J, Ferreira F, Maia M, Célia de Menezes Succi R, Maria Machado D, de Fátima Barbosa Gouvêa A, Wolff M, Cortes C, Fernanda Rodriguez M, Allendes G, William Pape J, Rouzier V, Marcelin A, Perodin C, Tulio Luque M, Padgett D, Sierra Madero J, Crabtree Ramirez B, Belaunzaran P, Caro Vega Y, Gotuzzo E, Mejia F, Carriquiry G, McGowan CC, Shepherd BE, Sterling T, Jayathilake K, Person AK, Rebeiro PF, Giganti M, Castilho J, Duda SN, Maruri F, Vansell H, Ly PS, Khol V, Zhang FJ, Zhao HX, Han N, Lee MP, Li PCK, Lam W, Chan YT, Kumarasamy N, Saghayam S, Ezhilarasi C, Pujari S, Joshi K, Gaikwad S, Chitalikar A, Merati TP, Wirawan DN, Yuliana F, Yunihastuti E, Imran D, Widhani A, Tanuma J, Oka S, Nishijima T, Na S, Choi JY, Kim JM, Sim BLH, Gani YM, David R, Kamarulzaman A, Syed Omar SF, Ponnampalavanar S, Azwa I, Ditangco R, Uy E, Bantique R, Wong WW, Ku WW, Wu PC, Ng OT, Lim PL, Lee LS, Ohnmar PS, Avihingsanon A, Gatechompol S, Phanuphak P, Phadungphon C, Kiertiburanakul S, Sungkanuparph S, Chumla L, Sanmeema N, Chaiwarith R, Sirisanthana T, Kotarathititum W, Praparattanapan J, Kantipong P, Kambua P, Ratanasuwan W, Sriondee R, Nguyen KV, Bui HV, Nguyen DTH, Nguyen DT, Cuong DD, An NV, Luan NT, Sohn AH, Ross JL, Petersen B, Cooper DA, Law MG, Jiamsakul A, Boettiger DC, Ellis D, Bloch M, Agrawal S, Vincent T, Allen D, Smith D, Rankin A, Baker D, Templeton DJ, O’Connor CC, Thackeray O, Jackson E, McCallum K, Ryder N, Sweeney G, Cooper D, Carr A, Macrae K, Hesse K, Finlayson R, Gupta S, Langton-Lockton J, Shakeshaft J, Brown K, Idle S, Arvela N, Varma R, Lu H, Couldwell D, Eswarappa S, Smith DE, Furner V, Smith D, Cabrera G, Fernando S, Cogle A, Lawrence C, Mulhall B, Boyd M, Law M, Petoumenos K, Puhr R, Huang R, Han A, Gunathilake M, Payne R, O’Sullivan M, Croydon A, Russell D, Cashman C, Roberts C, Sowden D, Taing K, Marshall P, Orth D, Youds D, Rowling D, Latch N, Warzywoda E, Dickson B, Donohue W, Moore R, Edwards S, Boyd S, Roth NJ, Lau H, Read T, Silvers J, Zeng W, Hoy J, Watson K, Bryant M, Price S, Woolley I, Giles M, Korman T, Williams J, Nolan D, Allen A, Guelfi G, Mills G, Wharry C, Raymond N, Bargh K, Templeton D, Giles M, Brown K, Hoy J. Comparison of Kaposi Sarcoma Risk in Human Immunodeficiency Virus-Positive Adults Across 5 Continents: A Multiregional Multicohort Study. Clin Infect Dis 2017; 65:1316-1326. [PMID: 28531260 PMCID: PMC5850623 DOI: 10.1093/cid/cix480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2017] [Accepted: 05/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND We compared Kaposi sarcoma (KS) risk in adults who started antiretroviral therapy (ART) across the Asia-Pacific, South Africa, Europe, Latin, and North America. METHODS We included cohort data of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-positive adults who started ART after 1995 within the framework of 2 large collaborations of observational HIV cohorts. We present incidence rates and adjusted hazard ratios (aHRs). RESULTS We included 208140 patients from 57 countries. Over a period of 1066572 person-years, 2046 KS cases were diagnosed. KS incidence rates per 100000 person-years were 52 in the Asia-Pacific and ranged between 180 and 280 in the other regions. KS risk was 5 times higher in South African women (aHR, 4.56; 95% confidence intervals [CI], 2.73-7.62) than in their European counterparts, and 2 times higher in South African men (2.21; 1.34-3.63). In Europe, Latin, and North America KS risk was 6 times higher in men who have sex with men (aHR, 5.95; 95% CI, 5.09-6.96) than in women. Comparing patients with current CD4 cell counts ≥700 cells/µL with those whose counts were <50 cells/µL, the KS risk was halved in South Africa (aHR, 0.53; 95% CI, .17-1.63) but reduced by ≥95% in other regions. CONCLUSIONS Despite important ART-related declines in KS incidence, men and women in South Africa and men who have sex with men remain at increased KS risk, likely due to high human herpesvirus 8 coinfection rates. Early ART initiation and maintenance of high CD4 cell counts are essential to further reducing KS incidence worldwide, but additional measures might be needed, especially in Southern Africa.
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Huynh A, Leong K, Jones N, Crump N, Russell D, Anderson M, Steinfort D, Johnson DF. Outcomes of exertional rhabdomyolysis following high-intensity resistance training. Intern Med J 2017; 46:602-8. [PMID: 26949203 DOI: 10.1111/imj.13055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2015] [Revised: 02/17/2016] [Accepted: 02/26/2016] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND High-intensity resistance training (HIRT) programmes are increasingly popular amongst personal trainers and those attending gymnasiums. We report the experience of exertional rhabdomyolysis (ER) at two tertiary hospitals in Melbourne, Australia. AIMS To compare the clinical outcomes of ER with other causes of rhabdomyolysis. METHODS Retrospective cross-sectional study of patients presenting with a serum creatine kinase (CK) of greater than 25 000 units/L from 1 September 2013 to 31 August 2014 at two tertiary referral hospitals in Melbourne, Australia. Records were examined to identify care measures implemented during hospital stay, clinical outcomes during admission and on subsequent follow up. RESULTS Thirty four cases of rhabdomyolysis with a CK of greater than 25 000 units/L (normal range: 20-180 units/L) were identified during the 12-month study period. Twelve of the 34 cases (35%) had ER with 10 of 12 related to HIRT. No acute kidney injury, intensive care admission or death were seen among those with ER. All cases were managed conservatively, with 11 admitted and 9 receiving intravenous fluids only. In contrast, patients with rhabdomyolysis from other causes experienced significantly higher rates of intensive care admission (64%, P = 0.0002), acute kidney injury (82%, P = 0.0001) and death (27%, P = 0.069). CONCLUSION ER resulting from HIRT appears to have a benign course compared with rhabdomyolysis of other aetiologies in patients with a serum CK greater than 25 000 units/L. Conservative management of ER appears to be adequate, although this requires confirmation in future prospective studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Huynh
- Department of General Medicine, Austin Health, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - K Leong
- Department of General Medicine, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - N Jones
- Department of General Medicine, Austin Health, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - N Crump
- Department of Neurology, Austin Health, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - D Russell
- Department of General Medicine, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - M Anderson
- Shinbone Medical Centre, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - D Steinfort
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - D F Johnson
- Department of General Medicine, Austin Health, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
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Zhao F, Hong G, Russell D. WIDOWHOOD AND DEPRESSION TRAJECTORIES OF OLDER ADULTS IN THE HEALTH AND RETIREMENT STUDY. Innov Aging 2017. [DOI: 10.1093/geroni/igx004.668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- F. Zhao
- Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa
| | - G. Hong
- Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa
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Yoo J, Karraker A, Russell D. CARING FOR GRANDCHILDREN AND GRANDPARENTS’ PHYSICAL AND MENTAL HEALTH CHANGE. Innov Aging 2017. [DOI: 10.1093/geroni/igx004.728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- J. Yoo
- Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa,
| | - A. Karraker
- National Institute on Aging, Bethesda, Maryland
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Russell D, Szanton S, Feinberg J, Bowles K. A PILOT STUDY ASSESSING IN-HOME ACTIVITY PERFORMANCE AMONG VULNERABLE OLDER ADULTS IN NEW YORK CITY. Innov Aging 2017. [DOI: 10.1093/geroni/igx004.186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- D. Russell
- Visiting Nurse Service of New York, New York, New York,
| | - S.L. Szanton
- Johns Hopkins University School of Nursing,
New York, New York
| | - J.L. Feinberg
- Visiting Nurse Service of New York, New York, New York,
| | - K.H. Bowles
- Visiting Nurse Service of New York, New York, New York,
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Chase J, Huang L, Russell D, Hanlon A, O’Connor M, Robinson K, Bowles K. RACIAL AND ETHNIC DISPARITIES IN ADL DISABILITY AFTER HOSPITALIZATION AMONG OLDER HOME CARE RECIPIENTS. Innov Aging 2017. [DOI: 10.1093/geroni/igx004.3853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- J. Chase
- University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri,
- University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania,
| | - L. Huang
- University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania,
| | - D. Russell
- Visiting Nurse Service of New York, Manhattan, New York,
| | - A. Hanlon
- University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania,
| | - M. O’Connor
- Villanova University, Villanova, Pennsylvania
| | - K. Robinson
- University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania,
| | - K.H. Bowles
- University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania,
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