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Fang Y, Lu L, Chen K, Wang X. Tradeoffs among root functional traits for phosphorus acquisition in 13 soybean genotypes contrasting in mycorrhizal colonization. Ann Bot 2024:mcae060. [PMID: 38642143 DOI: 10.1093/aob/mcae060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2023] [Indexed: 04/22/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Plants have adapted to acquire phosphorus (P) primarily through advantageous root morphologies, responsive physiological pathways, and associations with mycorrhizal fungi. Yet, to date, little information exists on how variation in arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) colonization is coordinated with root morphological and physiological traits to enhance P acquisition. METHODS Thirteen root functional traits associated with P acquisition were characterized at full bloom stage in pot cultures under low soil P availability conditions for 13 soybean genotypes contrasting in AM colonization. KEY RESULTS Significant variation in root functional traits was observed in response to low P stress among the 13 tested soybean genotypes contrasting in AM colonization. Genotypes with low AM colonization exhibited greater root proliferation but with less advantageous root physiological characteristics for P acquisition. In contrast, genotypes with high AM colonization exhibited less root growth but higher phosphatase activities and carboxylate content in the rhizosheath. Root dry weights, and contents of carbon and P were positively correlated with root morphological traits of different root orders and whole root systems, and were negatively correlated with AM colonization of fine roots and whole root systems, as well as, rhizosheath phosphatase activities and carboxylate contents. These results taken in combination with significant positive correlation between plant P content and root morphological traits indicate that root morphological traits play a primary role in soybean P acquisition. CONCLUSIONS The results suggest that efficient P acquisition involves tradeoffs among carbon allocation to root proliferation, mycorrhizal symbiosis, or P-mobilizing exudation. Complementarity and complexity in the selection of P acquisition strategies was notable among soybean genotypes contrasting in AM colonization, which is closely related to plant C budgeting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yizeng Fang
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, Root Biology Center, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Luwen Lu
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, Root Biology Center, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Kang Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, Root Biology Center, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Xiurong Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, Root Biology Center, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
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2
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Pu Z, Zhang R, Wang H, Li Q, Zhang J, Wang XX. Root morphological and physiological traits and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi shape phosphorus-acquisition strategies of 12 vegetable species. Front Plant Sci 2023; 14:1150832. [PMID: 37223810 PMCID: PMC10202175 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1150832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2023] [Accepted: 03/13/2023] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Trait plasticity and integration mediate vegetable adaptive strategies. However, it is unclear how patterns of vegetables in root traits influence vegetable adaptation to different phosphorus (P) levels. Nine root traits and six shoot traits were investigated in 12 vegetable species cultivated in a greenhouse with low and high P supplies to identify distinct adaptive mechanisms in relation to P acquisition (40 and 200 P mg kg-1 as KH2PO4). At the low P level, a series of negative correlations among root morphology, exudates and mycorrhizal colonization, and different types of root functional properties (root morphology, exudates and mycorrhizal colonization) respond differently to soil P levels among vegetable species. non-mycorrhizal plants showed relatively stable root traits as compared to solanaceae plants that showed more altered root morphologies and structural traits. At the low P level, the correlation between root traits of vegetable crops was enhanced. It was also found in vegetables that low P supply enhances the correlation of morphological structure while high P supply enhances the root exudation and the correlation between mycorrhizal colonization and root traits. Root exudation combined with root morphology and mycorrhizal symbiosis to observe P acquisition strategies in different root functions. Vegetables respond highly under different P conditions by enhancing the correlation of root traits. Low P supply could significantly improve the direct and indirect ways of mycorrhizal vegetable crops' root traits axis on shoot biomass, and enhance the direct way of non-mycorrhizal vegetable crops' root traits axis and reduce the indirect way of root exudates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zitian Pu
- State Key Laboratory of North China Crop Improvement and Regulation, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, China
- Mountain Area Research Institute, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, China
| | - Ruifang Zhang
- Mountain Area Research Institute, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, China
| | - Hong Wang
- Mountain Area Research Institute, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, China
| | - Qingyun Li
- College of Horticulture, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, China
| | - Jianheng Zhang
- Mountain Area Research Institute, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, China
- Key Laboratory of North China Water-Saving Agriculture of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, China
| | - Xin-Xin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of North China Crop Improvement and Regulation, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, China
- Mountain Area Research Institute, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, China
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3
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Reichert T, Rammig A, Fuchslueger L, Lugli LF, Quesada CA, Fleischer K. Plant phosphorus-use and -acquisition strategies in Amazonia. New Phytol 2022; 234:1126-1143. [PMID: 35060130 DOI: 10.1111/nph.17985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2021] [Accepted: 12/20/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
In the tropical rainforest of Amazonia, phosphorus (P) is one of the main nutrients controlling forest dynamics, but its effects on the future of the forest biomass carbon (C) storage under elevated atmospheric CO2 concentrations remain uncertain. Soils in vast areas of Amazonia are P-impoverished, and little is known about the variation or plasticity in plant P-use and -acquisition strategies across space and time, hampering the accuracy of projections in vegetation models. Here, we synthesize current knowledge of leaf P resorption, fine-root P foraging, arbuscular mycorrhizal symbioses, and root acid phosphatase and organic acid exudation and discuss how these strategies vary with soil P concentrations and in response to elevated atmospheric CO2 . We identify knowledge gaps and suggest ways forward to fill those gaps. Additionally, we propose a conceptual framework for the variations in plant P-use and -acquisition strategies along soil P gradients of Amazonia. We suggest that in soils with intermediate to high P concentrations, at the plant community level, investments are primarily directed to P foraging strategies via roots and arbuscular mycorrhizas, whereas in soils with intermediate to low P concentrations, investments shift to prioritize leaf P resorption and mining strategies via phosphatases and organic acids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatiana Reichert
- School of Life Sciences, Technical University of Munich, Freising, 85354, Germany
| | - Anja Rammig
- School of Life Sciences, Technical University of Munich, Freising, 85354, Germany
| | - Lucia Fuchslueger
- Centre of Microbiology and Environmental Systems Science, University of Vienna, Vienna, 1090, Austria
| | - Laynara F Lugli
- National Institute of Amazonian Research, Manaus, 69060-062, Brazil
| | - Carlos A Quesada
- National Institute of Amazonian Research, Manaus, 69060-062, Brazil
| | - Katrin Fleischer
- School of Life Sciences, Technical University of Munich, Freising, 85354, Germany
- Department Biogeochemical Signals, Max Planck Institute for Biogeochemistry, Jena, 07745, Germany
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Han M, Chen Y, Li R, Yu M, Fu L, Li S, Su J, Zhu B. Root phosphatase activity aligns with the collaboration gradient of the root economics space. New Phytol 2022; 234:837-849. [PMID: 34873713 DOI: 10.1111/nph.17906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2021] [Accepted: 11/30/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The adoption of diverse resource acquisition strategies is critical for plant growth and species coexistence. Root phosphatase is of particular importance in the acquisition of soil phosphorus (P), yet it is often overlooked in studies of root trait syndromes. Here, we evaluated the role of root phosphatase activity (RPA) within the root economics space and the order-based variation of RPA, as well as the correlations between RPA and a suite of leaf traits and soil properties over a range of evergreen tree species in a subtropical forest. Root phosphatase activity exhibited a high degree of inter-specific variation. We found that there were two leading dimensions of the multidimensional root economics space, the root diameter-specific root length axis (collaboration trait gradient) and the root tissue density-root nitrogen concentration axis (classical trait gradient), and RPA aligned with the former. Root phosphatase activity is used as a 'do it yourself' strategy of soil P acquisition, and was found to be inversely correlated with mycorrhizal colonization, which suggests a trade-off in plant P acquisition strategies. Compared with soil and foliar nutrient status, root traits mattered most for the large inter-specific changes in RPA. Furthermore, RPA generally decreased from first- to third-order roots. Taken together, such diverse P-acquisition strategies are conducive to plant coexistence within local forest communities. The use of easily measurable root traits and their tight correlations with RPA could be a feasible and promising approach to estimating species-specific RPA values, which would be helpful for better understanding plant P acquisition and soil P cycling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengguang Han
- Institute of Ecology, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Key Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes of the Ministry of Education, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Ying Chen
- Institute of Ecology, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Key Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes of the Ministry of Education, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Rui Li
- Institute of Ecology, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Key Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes of the Ministry of Education, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Miao Yu
- Institute of Ecology, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Key Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes of the Ministry of Education, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Liangchen Fu
- Institute of Ecology, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Key Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes of the Ministry of Education, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
- School of Urban Planning and Design, Shenzhen Graduate School, Peking University, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Shuaifeng Li
- Institute of Highland Forest Science, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Kunming, 650224, China
| | - Jianrong Su
- Institute of Highland Forest Science, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Kunming, 650224, China
| | - Biao Zhu
- Institute of Ecology, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Key Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes of the Ministry of Education, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
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Guisande‐Collazo A, González L, Souza‐Alonso P. Origin makes a difference: Alternative responses of an AM-dependent plant to mycorrhizal inoculum from invaded and native soils under abiotic stress. Plant Biol (Stuttg) 2022; 24:417-429. [PMID: 35220660 PMCID: PMC9303955 DOI: 10.1111/plb.13402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2021] [Accepted: 01/21/2022] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
The presence of invasive alien plants (IAPs) alters the composition of soil arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungal communities. Although fundamental for plant development, plant responses to AM from invaded soils have not been widely explored, especially under environmental stress. We compared plant growth, P accumulation, root colonization and the photosynthetic responses of the native AM-dependent Plantago lanceolata growing in contact with AM fungi from communities invaded by Acacia dealbata Link (AMinv) or non-invaded communities (AMnat) exposed to water and light restriction (shade). Under optimal growing conditions, plants in contact with AMnat produced higher leaf biomass and accumulated more P. However, plant responses to different AM inocula varied as the level of stress increased. Inoculation with AMinv promoted plant growth and root length under light restriction. When plants grew in contact with AMnat under drought, leaf P increased under severe water restriction, and leaf and root P increased under intermediate water irrigation. Growing in contact with the AMnat inoculum promoted root P content in both full light and light restriction. Colonization rates of P. lanceolata roots were comparable between treatments, and plants maintained photosynthetic activity within similar ranges, regardless of the level of stress applied. Our results suggest that origin of the inoculum (native soils versus invaded soils) did not affect the ability of AM species therein to establish effective mutualistic associations with P. lanceolata roots but did influence plant responses depending on the type and level of the abiotic stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- A. Guisande‐Collazo
- Plant Ecophysiology GroupDepartment of Plant Biology and Soil ScienceUniversity of VigoVigoSpain
- CITACAAgri‐Food Research and Transfer ClusterCampus da AugaUniversity of VigoOurenseSpain
| | - L. González
- Plant Ecophysiology GroupDepartment of Plant Biology and Soil ScienceUniversity of VigoVigoSpain
- CITACAAgri‐Food Research and Transfer ClusterCampus da AugaUniversity of VigoOurenseSpain
| | - P. Souza‐Alonso
- Department of Soil Science and Agricultural ChemistryUniversity of Santiago de CompostelaLugoSpain
- Department of Environmental ChemistryUniversidad Católica de Concepción UCSCConcepciónChile
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Wang L, Li X, Mang M, Ludewig U, Shen J. Heterogeneous nutrient supply promotes maize growth and phosphorus acquisition: additive and compensatory effects of lateral roots and root hairs. Ann Bot 2021; 128:431-440. [PMID: 34309655 PMCID: PMC8414595 DOI: 10.1093/aob/mcab097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2021] [Accepted: 07/25/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Root proliferation is a response to a heterogeneous nutrient distribution. However, the growth of root hairs in response to heterogeneous nutrients and the relationship between root hairs and lateral roots remain unclear. This study aims to understand the effects of heterogeneous nutrients on root hair growth and the trade-off between root hairs and lateral roots in phosphorus (P) acquisition. METHODS Near-isogenic maize lines, the B73 wild type (WT) and the rth3 root hairless mutant, were grown in rhizoboxes with uniform or localized supply of 40 (low) or 140 (high) mg P kg-1 soil. RESULTS Both WT and rth3 had nearly two-fold greater shoot biomass and P content under local than uniform treatment at low P. Significant root proliferation was observed in both WT and rth3 in the nutrient patch, with the WT accompanied by an obvious increase (from 0.7 to 1.2 mm) in root hair length. The root response ratio of rth3 was greater than that of WT at low P, but could not completely compensate for the loss of root hairs. This suggests that plants enhanced P acquisition through complementarity between lateral roots and root hairs, and thus regulated nutrient foraging and shoot growth. The disappearance of WT and rth3 root response differences at high P indicated that the P application reduced the dependence of the plants on specific root traits to obtain nutrients. CONCLUSIONS In addition to root proliferation, the root response to a nutrient-rich patch was also accompanied by root hair elongation. The genotypes without root hairs increased their investment in lateral roots in a nutrient-rich patch to compensate for the absence of root hairs, suggesting that plants enhanced nutrient acquisition by regulating the trade-off of complementary root traits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liyang Wang
- Department of Plant Nutrition, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Center for Resources, Environment and Food Security, Key Laboratory of Plant-Soil Interactions, Ministry of Education, National Academy of Agriculture Green Development, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, PR China
- Department of Nutritional Crop Physiology, Institute of Crop Sciences (340h), University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart 70593, Germany
| | - Xuelian Li
- Department of Nutritional Crop Physiology, Institute of Crop Sciences (340h), University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart 70593, Germany
| | - Melissa Mang
- Department of Nutritional Crop Physiology, Institute of Crop Sciences (340h), University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart 70593, Germany
| | - Uwe Ludewig
- Department of Nutritional Crop Physiology, Institute of Crop Sciences (340h), University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart 70593, Germany
| | - Jianbo Shen
- Department of Plant Nutrition, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Center for Resources, Environment and Food Security, Key Laboratory of Plant-Soil Interactions, Ministry of Education, National Academy of Agriculture Green Development, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, PR China
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7
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Singh V, Bell M. Genotypic Variability in Architectural Development of Mungbean ( Vigna radiata L.) Root Systems and Physiological Relationships With Shoot Growth Dynamics. Front Plant Sci 2021; 12:725915. [PMID: 34490024 PMCID: PMC8417475 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.725915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2021] [Accepted: 07/22/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Selection for root system architectures (RSA) to match target growing environments can improve yields through better adaptation to water and nutrient-limiting conditions in grain legume crops such as mungbean. In this study, the architectural development of root systems in four contrasting mungbean varieties was studied over time to explore their relationships to above-ground growth and development. Key findings suggested that early maturing mungbean varieties were characterized by more rapid root elongation rates and leaf area development, resulting in more vigorous root and shoot growth during early growth stages compared with a late maturing variety. The early maturing varieties also showed root morphological traits generally adapted to water-limited environments, such as deeper, longer and lighter roots. Early maturing varieties more rapidly colonized the top 10-20 cm of the soil profile during early growth stages, whereas the later maturing variety developed less prolific but 20-50% thicker roots in the same profile layers in later stages of crop growth. The diversity of root characteristics identified in these commercial varieties suggests that there are opportunities to combine desirable root traits with maturity types to target different production environments. Examples include deeper, longer, and thinner roots for crops to exploit deep profile reserves of water and nutrients, and thicker and shallower root systems for crops grown in shallow soils with stratified nutrient reserves and/or more favorable in-season rainfall.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vijaya Singh
- Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, Australia
| | - Michael Bell
- Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, Australia
- The School of Agriculture and Food Sciences, The University of Queensland, Gatton, QLD, Australia
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8
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Zhang D, Peng Y, Li F, Yang G, Wang J, Yu J, Zhou G, Yang Y. Above- and below-ground resource acquisition strategies determine plant species responses to nitrogen enrichment. Ann Bot 2021; 128:31-44. [PMID: 33630994 PMCID: PMC8318111 DOI: 10.1093/aob/mcab032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2020] [Accepted: 02/23/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Knowledge of plant resource acquisition strategies is crucial for understanding the mechanisms mediating the responses of ecosystems to external nitrogen (N) input. However, few studies have considered the joint effects of above-ground (light) and below-ground (nutrient) resource acquisition strategies in regulating plant species responses to N enrichment. Here, we quantified the effects of light and non-N nutrient acquisition capacities on species relative abundance in the case of extra N input. METHODS Based on an N-manipulation experiment in a Tibetan alpine steppe, we determined the responses of species relative abundances and light and nutrient acquisition capacities to N enrichment for two species with different resource acquisition strategies (the taller Stipa purpurea, which is colonized by arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi, and the shorter Carex stenophylloides, which has cluster roots). Structural equation models were developed to explore the relative effects of light and nutrient acquisition on species relative abundance along the N addition gradient. KEY RESULTS We found that the relative abundance of taller S. purpurea increased with the improved light acquisition along the N addition gradient. In contrast, the shorter C. stenophylloides, with cluster roots, excelled in acquiring phosphorus (P) so as to elevate its leaf P concentration under N enrichment by producing large amounts of carboxylate exudates that mobilized moderately labile and recalcitrant soil P forms. The increased leaf P concentration of C. stenophylloides enhanced its light use efficiency and promoted its relative abundance even in the shade of taller competitors. CONCLUSIONS Our findings highlight that the combined effects of above-ground (light) and below-ground (nutrient) resources rather than light alone (the prevailing perspective) determine the responses of grassland community structure to N enrichment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dianye Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yunfeng Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Fei Li
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Guibiao Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jun Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jianchun Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Guoying Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Tibetan Medicine Research, Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xining, China
| | - Yuanhe Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
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Ding W, Cong WF, Lambers H. Plant phosphorus-acquisition and -use strategies affect soil carbon cycling. Trends Ecol Evol 2021; 36:899-906. [PMID: 34246498 DOI: 10.1016/j.tree.2021.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2020] [Revised: 06/05/2021] [Accepted: 06/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Increased anthropogenic nitrogen (N) deposition is driving N-limited ecosystems towards phosphorus (P) limitation. Plants have evolved strategies to respond to P limitation which affect N cycling in plant-soil systems. A comprehensive understanding of how plants with efficient P-acquisition or -use strategies influence carbon (C) and N cycling remains elusive. We highlight how P-acquisition/-use strategies, particularly the release of carboxylates into the rhizosphere, accelerate soil organic matter (SOM) decomposition and soil N mineralisation by destabilising aggregates and organic-mineral associations. We advocate studying the effects of P-acquisition/-use strategies on SOM formation, directly or through microbial turnover.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenli Ding
- Department of Plant Nutrition, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, National Academy of Agriculture Green Development, Key Laboratory of Plant-Soil Interactions, Ministry of Education, China Agricultural University, 100193 Beijing, China
| | - Wen-Feng Cong
- Department of Plant Nutrition, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, National Academy of Agriculture Green Development, Key Laboratory of Plant-Soil Interactions, Ministry of Education, China Agricultural University, 100193 Beijing, China.
| | - Hans Lambers
- Department of Plant Nutrition, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, National Academy of Agriculture Green Development, Key Laboratory of Plant-Soil Interactions, Ministry of Education, China Agricultural University, 100193 Beijing, China; School of Biological Sciences and Institute of Agriculture, The University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, Crawley (Perth), WA 6009, Australia.
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10
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Gao S, Xia J, Yuan S, Shen Y, Zhong X, Zhang S, Li Y, Hu D, Zeng J, Lan T, Liu Y, Chen G. Novel QTL Conferring Phosphorus Acquisition and Utilization Efficiencies in Barley. Front Genet 2020; 11:580452. [PMID: 33101396 PMCID: PMC7500284 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2020.580452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2020] [Accepted: 08/12/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Phosphorus (P) deficiency in agricultural soil is a major constraint for crop production and increasing P acquisition efficiency (PAE) of plants is considered as one of the most cost-effective solutions for yield increase. The objective of this study was to detect quantitative trait loci (QTL) controlling (PAE) and P utilization efficiency (PUE) in barley under applied (+P) and non-applied P (-P) conditions. Based on the analysis of a recombinant inbred lines (RILs) population derived from a cross between a malting barley variety and a wild barley accession, 17 QTL controlling PAE, PUE and yield traits were detected. The phenotypic variation explained by each of these QTL ranges from 11.0 to 24.7%. Significant correlation was detected between most of P-related traits and yield traits. Five QTL clusters were identified on four different chromosomes (1H, 3H, 5H, and 7H). Two of the QTL clusters, located on chromosome 1H (for GPUP/PUP) and 7H (for SPUE/SPC), respectively, are novel. Fourteen genes located in the interval harboring the major QTL were identified as candidates associated with P efficiency. The stable QTL for PAE, PUE and yield-related traits could be important for breeding P-efficient barley varieties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shangqing Gao
- College of Resources, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jiaqi Xia
- College of Resources, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Shu Yuan
- College of Resources, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Youjie Shen
- College of Resources, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xinting Zhong
- College of Resources, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Senfeng Zhang
- College of Resources, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yuhang Li
- College of Resources, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Deyi Hu
- College of Resources, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jian Zeng
- College of Resources, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Ting Lan
- College of Resources, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yaxi Liu
- Triticeae Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Guangdeng Chen
- College of Resources, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
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De Bauw P, Mai TH, Schnepf A, Merckx R, Smolders E, Vanderborght J. A functional-structural model of upland rice root systems reveals the importance of laterals and growing root tips for phosphate uptake from wet and dry soils. Ann Bot 2020; 126:789-806. [PMID: 32597468 PMCID: PMC7489101 DOI: 10.1093/aob/mcaa120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2019] [Accepted: 06/22/2020] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Upland rice is often grown where water and phosphorus (P) are limited. To better understand the interaction between water and P availability, functional-structural models that mechanistically represent small-scale nutrient gradients and water dynamics in the rhizosphere are needed. METHODS Rice was grown in large columns using a P-deficient soil at three P supplies in the topsoil (deficient, sub-optimal and non-limiting) in combination with two water regimes (field capacity vs. drying periods). Root system characteristics, such as nodal root number, lateral types, interbranch distance, root diameters and the distribution of biomass with depth, as well as water and P uptake, were measured. Based on the observed root data, 3-D root systems were reconstructed by calibrating the structural architecure model CRootBox for each scenario. Water flow and P transport in the soil to each of the individual root segments of the generated 3-D root architectures were simulated using a multiscale flow and transport model. Total water and P uptake were then computed by adding up the uptake by all the root segments. KEY RESULTS Measurements showed that root architecture was significantly affected by the treatments. The moist, high P scenario had 2.8 times the root mass, double the number of nodal roots and more S-type laterals than the dry, low P scenario. Likewise, measured plant P uptake increased >3-fold by increasing P and water supply. However, drying periods reduced P uptake at high but not at low P supply. Simulation results adequately predicted P uptake in all scenarios when the Michaelis-Menten constant (Km) was corrected for diffusion limitation. They showed that the key drivers for P uptake are the different types of laterals (i.e. S- and L-type) and growing root tips. The L-type laterals become more important for overall water and P uptake than the S-type laterals in the dry scenarios. This is true across all the P treatments, but the effect is more pronounced as the P availability decreases. CONCLUSIONS This functional-structural model can predict the function of specific rice roots in terms of P and water uptake under different P and water supplies, when the structure of the root system is known. A future challenge is to predict how the structure root systems responds to nutrient and water availability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pieterjan De Bauw
- Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Department of of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Trung Hieu Mai
- Institute of Bio- and Geosciences: Agrosphere (IBG 3), Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Jülich, Germany
| | - Andrea Schnepf
- Institute of Bio- and Geosciences: Agrosphere (IBG 3), Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Jülich, Germany
| | - Roel Merckx
- Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Department of of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Erik Smolders
- Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Department of of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Jan Vanderborght
- Institute of Bio- and Geosciences: Agrosphere (IBG 3), Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Jülich, Germany
- Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Department of of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Leuven, Belgium
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Touhami D, McDowell RW, Condron LM. Role of Organic Anions and Phosphatase Enzymes in Phosphorus Acquisition in the Rhizospheres of Legumes and Grasses Grown in a Low Phosphorus Pasture Soil. Plants (Basel) 2020; 9:E1185. [PMID: 32932934 PMCID: PMC7570192 DOI: 10.3390/plants9091185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2020] [Revised: 09/08/2020] [Accepted: 09/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Rhizosphere processes play a critical role in phosphorus (P) acquisition by plants and microbes, especially under P-limited conditions. Here, we investigated the impacts of nutrient addition and plant species on plant growth, rhizosphere processes, and soil P dynamics. In a glasshouse experiment, blue lupin (Lupinus angustifolius), white clover (Trifolium repens L.), perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.), and wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) were grown in a low-P pasture soil for 8 weeks with and without the single and combined addition of P (33 mg kg-1) and nitrogen (200 mg kg-1). Phosphorus addition increased plant biomass and total P content across plant species, as well as microbial biomass P in white clover and ryegrass. Alkaline phosphatase activity was higher for blue lupin. Legumes showed higher concentrations of organic anions compared to grasses. After P addition, the concentrations of organic anions increased by 11-,10-, 5-, and 2-fold in the rhizospheres of blue lupin, white clover, wheat, and ryegrass, respectively. Despite the differences in their chemical availability (as assessed by P fractionation), moderately labile inorganic P and stable organic P were the most depleted fractions by the four plant species. Inorganic P fractions were depleted similarly between the four plant species, while blue lupin exhibited a strong depletion of stable organic P. Our findings suggest that organic anions were not related to the acquisition of inorganic P for legumes and grasses. At the same time, alkaline phosphatase activity was associated with the mobilization of stable organic P for blue lupin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Driss Touhami
- Faculty of Agriculture and Life Sciences, P.O. Box 85084, Lincoln University, Lincoln 7647, Christchurch, New Zealand; (R.W.M.); (L.M.C.)
- AgroBioSciences Program, Mohammed VI Polytechnic University (UM6P), Hay Moulay Rachid, Ben Guerir 43150, Morocco
| | - Richard W. McDowell
- Faculty of Agriculture and Life Sciences, P.O. Box 85084, Lincoln University, Lincoln 7647, Christchurch, New Zealand; (R.W.M.); (L.M.C.)
- AgResearch Limited, Lincoln Research Centre, Private Bag 4749, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | - Leo M. Condron
- Faculty of Agriculture and Life Sciences, P.O. Box 85084, Lincoln University, Lincoln 7647, Christchurch, New Zealand; (R.W.M.); (L.M.C.)
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13
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Zhang D, Lyu Y, Li H, Tang X, Hu R, Rengel Z, Zhang F, Whalley WR, Davies WJ, Cahill JF, Shen J. Neighbouring plants modify maize root foraging for phosphorus: coupling nutrients and neighbours for improved nutrient-use efficiency. New Phytol 2020; 226:244-253. [PMID: 31536638 DOI: 10.1111/nph.16206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2019] [Accepted: 09/03/2019] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Nutrient distribution and neighbours can impact plant growth, but how neighbours shape root-foraging strategy for nutrients is unclear. Here, we explore new patterns of plant foraging for nutrients as affected by neighbours to improve nutrient acquisition. Maize (Zea mays) was grown alone (maize), or with maize (maize/maize) or faba bean (Vicia faba) (maize/faba bean) as a neighbour on one side and with or without a phosphorus (P)-rich zone on the other in a rhizo-box experiment. Maize demonstrated root avoidance in maize/maize, with reduced root growth in 'shared' soil, and increased growth away from its neighbours. Conversely, maize proliferated roots in the proximity of neighbouring faba bean roots that had greater P availability in the rhizosphere (as a result of citrate and acid phosphatase exudation) compared with maize roots. Maize proliferated more roots, but spent less time to reach, and grow out of, the P patches away from neighbours in the maize/maize than in the maize/faba bean experiment. Maize shoot biomass and P uptake were greater in the heterogeneous P treatment with maize/faba bean than with maize/maize system. The foraging strategy of maize roots is an integrated function of heterogeneous distribution of nutrients and neighbouring plants, thus improving nutrient acquisition and maize growth. Understanding the foraging patterns is critical for optimizing nutrient management in crops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deshan Zhang
- Department of Plant Nutrition, Key Laboratory of Plant-Soil Interactions, China Agricultural University, Ministry of Education, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Yang Lyu
- Department of Plant Nutrition, Key Laboratory of Plant-Soil Interactions, China Agricultural University, Ministry of Education, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Hongbo Li
- Department of Plant Nutrition, Key Laboratory of Plant-Soil Interactions, China Agricultural University, Ministry of Education, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Xiaoyan Tang
- Department of Plant Nutrition, Key Laboratory of Plant-Soil Interactions, China Agricultural University, Ministry of Education, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Ran Hu
- Department of Plant Nutrition, Key Laboratory of Plant-Soil Interactions, China Agricultural University, Ministry of Education, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Zed Rengel
- Soil Science & Plant Nutrition, UWA School of Agriculture and Environment, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, 6009, Australia
| | - Fusuo Zhang
- Department of Plant Nutrition, Key Laboratory of Plant-Soil Interactions, China Agricultural University, Ministry of Education, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - William R Whalley
- Rothamsted Research, West Common, Harpenden, Hertfordshire, AL5 2JQ, UK
| | - William J Davies
- Lancaster Environment Centre, University of Lancaster, Lancaster, LA1 4YQ, UK
| | - James F Cahill
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, T6G 2E9, Canada
| | - Jianbo Shen
- Department of Plant Nutrition, Key Laboratory of Plant-Soil Interactions, China Agricultural University, Ministry of Education, Beijing, 100193, China
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Magalhaes JV, Piñeros MA, Maciel LS, Kochian LV. Emerging Pleiotropic Mechanisms Underlying Aluminum Resistance and Phosphorus Acquisition on Acidic Soils. Front Plant Sci 2018; 9:1420. [PMID: 30319678 PMCID: PMC6168647 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2018.01420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2018] [Accepted: 09/06/2018] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Aluminum (Al) toxicity on acidic soils significantly damages plant roots and inhibits root growth. Hence, crops intoxicated by Al become more sensitive to drought stress and mineral nutrient deficiencies, particularly phosphorus (P) deficiency, which is highly unavailable on tropical soils. Advances in our understanding of the physiological and genetic mechanisms that govern plant Al resistance have led to the identification of Al resistance genes, both in model systems and in crop species. It has long been known that Al resistance has a beneficial effect on crop adaptation to acidic soils. This positive effect happens because the root systems of Al resistant plants show better development in the presence of soil ionic Al3+ and are, consequently, more efficient in absorbing sub-soil water and mineral nutrients. This effect of Al resistance on crop production, by itself, warrants intensified efforts to develop and implement, on a breeding scale, modern selection strategies to profit from the knowledge of the molecular determinants of plant Al resistance. Recent studies now suggest that Al resistance can exert pleiotropic effects on P acquisition, potentially expanding the role of Al resistance on crop adaptation to acidic soils. This appears to occur via both organic acid (OA)- and non-OA transporters governing a joint, iron-dependent interplay between Al resistance and enhanced P uptake, via changes in root system architecture. Current research suggests this interplay to be part of a P stress response, suggesting that this mechanism could have evolved in crop species to improve adaptation to acidic soils. Should this pleiotropism prove functional in crop species grown on acidic soils, molecular breeding based on Al resistance genes may have a much broader impact on crop performance than previously anticipated. To explore this possibility, here we review the components of this putative effect of Al resistance genes on P stress responses and P nutrition to provide the foundation necessary to discuss the recent evidence suggesting pleiotropy as a genetic linkage between Al resistance and P efficiency. We conclude by exploring what may be needed to enhance the utilization of Al resistance genes to improve crop production on acidic soils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jurandir V. Magalhaes
- Embrapa Maize and Sorghum, Sete Lagoas, Brazil
- Departamento de Biologia Geral, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Miguel A. Piñeros
- Robert W. Holley Center for Agriculture and Health, USDA-ARS, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, United States
| | - Laiane S. Maciel
- Embrapa Maize and Sorghum, Sete Lagoas, Brazil
- Departamento de Biologia Geral, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Leon V. Kochian
- Global Institute for Food Security, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
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15
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Pang J, Bansal R, Zhao H, Bohuon E, Lambers H, Ryan MH, Ranathunge K, Siddique KHM. The carboxylate-releasing phosphorus-mobilizing strategy can be proxied by foliar manganese concentration in a large set of chickpea germplasm under low phosphorus supply. New Phytol 2018; 219:518-529. [PMID: 29756639 DOI: 10.1111/nph.15200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2018] [Accepted: 03/31/2018] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Root foraging and root physiology such as exudation of carboxylates into the rhizosphere are important strategies for plant phosphorus (P) acquisition. We used 100 chickpea (Cicer arietinum) genotypes with diverse genetic backgrounds to study the relative roles of root morphology and physiology in P acquisition. Plants were grown in pots in a low-P sterilized river sand supplied with 10 μg P g-1 soil as FePO4 , a poorly soluble form of P. There was a large genotypic variation in root morphology (total root length, root surface area, mean root diameter, specific root length and root hair length), and root physiology (rhizosheath pH, carboxylates and acid phosphatase activity). Shoot P content was correlated with total root length, root surface area and total carboxylates per plant, particularly malonate. A positive correlation was found between mature leaf manganese (Mn) concentration and carboxylate amount in rhizosheath relative to root DW. This is the first study to demonstrate that the mature leaf Mn concentration can be used as an easily measurable proxy for the assessment of belowground carboxylate-releasing processes in a range of chickpea genotypes grown under low-P, and therefore offers an important breeding trait, with potential application in other crops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiayin Pang
- The UWA Institute of Agriculture, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, 6001, Australia
- UWA School of Agriculture and Environment, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, 6001, Australia
| | - Ruchi Bansal
- Division of Germplasm Evaluation, ICAR-National Bureau of Plant Genetic Resources, New Delhi, 110012, India
| | - Hongxia Zhao
- Institute of Mountain Hazards and Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Emilien Bohuon
- Institut Polytechnique UniLaSalle, Beauvais Cedex, 60000, France
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, 6001, Australia
| | - Hans Lambers
- The UWA Institute of Agriculture, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, 6001, Australia
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, 6001, Australia
| | - Megan H Ryan
- The UWA Institute of Agriculture, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, 6001, Australia
- UWA School of Agriculture and Environment, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, 6001, Australia
| | - Kosala Ranathunge
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, 6001, Australia
| | - Kadambot H M Siddique
- The UWA Institute of Agriculture, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, 6001, Australia
- UWA School of Agriculture and Environment, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, 6001, Australia
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16
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Konvalinková T, Jansa J. Lights Off for Arbuscular Mycorrhiza: On Its Symbiotic Functioning under Light Deprivation. Front Plant Sci 2016; 7:782. [PMID: 27375642 PMCID: PMC4893486 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2016.00782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2016] [Accepted: 05/20/2016] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Plants are often exposed to shade over different time scales and this may substantially affect not only their own growth, but also development and functioning of the energetically dependent organisms. Among those, the root symbionts such as arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi and rhizobia represent particularly important cases-on the one hand, they consume a significant share of plant carbon (C) budget and, on the other, they generate a number of important nutritional feedbacks on their plant hosts, often resulting in a net positive effect on their host growth and/or fitness. Here we discuss our previous results comparing mycorrhizal performance under different intensities and durations of shade (Konvalinková et al., 2015) in a broader context of previously published literature. Additionally, we review publicly available knowledge on the root colonization and mycorrhizal growth responses in AM plants under light deprivation. Experimental evidence shows that sudden and intensive decrease of light availability to a mycorrhizal plant triggers rapid deactivation of phosphorus transfer from the AM fungus to the plant already within a few days, implying active and rapid response of the AM fungus to the energetic status of its plant host. When AM plants are exposed to intensive shading on longer time scales (weeks to months), positive mycorrhizal growth responses (MGR) are often decreasing and may eventually become negative. This is most likely due to the high C cost of the symbiosis relative to the C availability, and failure of plants to fully compensate for the fungal C demand under low light. Root colonization by AM fungi often declines under low light intensities, although the active role of plants in regulating the extent of root colonization has not yet been unequivocally demonstrated. Quantitative information on the rates and dynamics of C transfer from the plant to the fungus is mostly missing, as is the knowledge on the involved molecular mechanisms. Therefore, these subjects deserve particular attention in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tereza Konvalinková
- Laboratory of Fungal Biology, Institute of Microbiology, The Czech Academy of SciencesPrague, Czech Republic
- Department of Experimental Plant Biology, Faculty of Science, Charles University in PraguePrague, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Jansa
- Laboratory of Fungal Biology, Institute of Microbiology, The Czech Academy of SciencesPrague, Czech Republic
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17
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Azevedo GC, Cheavegatti-Gianotto A, Negri BF, Hufnagel B, E Silva LDC, Magalhaes JV, Garcia AAF, Lana UGP, de Sousa SM, Guimaraes CT. Multiple interval QTL mapping and searching for PSTOL1 homologs associated with root morphology, biomass accumulation and phosphorus content in maize seedlings under low-P. BMC Plant Biol 2015; 15:172. [PMID: 26148492 PMCID: PMC4492167 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-015-0561-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2015] [Accepted: 06/23/2015] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Modifications in root morphology are important strategies to maximize soil exploitation under phosphorus starvation in plants. Here, we used two multiple interval models to map QTLs related to root traits, biomass accumulation and P content in a maize RIL population cultivated in nutrient solution. In addition, we searched for putative maize homologs to PSTOL1, a gene responsible to enhance early root growth, P uptake and grain yield in rice and sorghum. RESULTS Based on path analysis, root surface area was the root morphology component that most strongly contributed to total dry weight and to P content in maize seedling under low-P availability. Multiple interval mapping models for single (MIM) and multiple traits (MT-MIM) were combined and revealed 13 genomic regions significantly associated with the target traits in a complementary way. The phenotypic variances explained by all QTLs and their epistatic interactions using MT-MIM (23.4 to 35.5 %) were higher than in previous studies, and presented superior statistical power. Some of these QTLs were coincident with QTLs for root morphology traits and grain yield previously mapped, whereas others harbored ZmPSTOL candidate genes, which shared more than 55 % of amino acid sequence identity and a conserved serine/threonine kinase domain with OsPSTOL1. Additionally, four ZmPSTOL candidate genes co-localized with QTLs for root morphology, biomass accumulation and/or P content were preferentially expressed in roots of the parental lines that contributed the alleles enhancing the respective phenotypes. CONCLUSIONS QTL mapping strategies adopted in this study revealed complementary results for single and multiple traits with high accuracy. Some QTLs, mainly the ones that were also associated with yield performance in other studies, can be good targets for marker-assisted selection to improve P-use efficiency in maize. Based on the co-localization with QTLs, the protein domain conservation and the coincidence of gene expression, we selected novel maize genes as putative homologs to PSTOL1 that will require further validation studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriel C Azevedo
- Departamento de Biologia Geral, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Avenida Presidente Antônio Carlos, 6627, Belo Horizonte, MG, 31270-901, Brazil.
| | - Adriana Cheavegatti-Gianotto
- Departamento de Genética, Escola Superior de Agricultura Luiz de Queiroz, Universidade de São Paulo, Caixa Postal 83, Piracicaba, SP, 13400-970, Brazil.
| | - Bárbara F Negri
- Departamento de Bioengenharia, Universidade Federal de São João del-Rei, Praça Dom Helvécio, 74, São João del-Rei, MG, 36301-160, Brazil.
| | - Bárbara Hufnagel
- Departamento de Biologia Geral, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Avenida Presidente Antônio Carlos, 6627, Belo Horizonte, MG, 31270-901, Brazil.
| | - Luciano da Costa E Silva
- Departamento de Genética, Escola Superior de Agricultura Luiz de Queiroz, Universidade de São Paulo, Caixa Postal 83, Piracicaba, SP, 13400-970, Brazil.
| | - Jurandir V Magalhaes
- Núcleo de Biologia Aplicada, Embrapa Milho e Sorgo, Rodovia MG 424, km 65, Caixa Postal 151, Sete Lagoas, MG, 35701-970, Brazil.
| | - Antonio Augusto F Garcia
- Departamento de Genética, Escola Superior de Agricultura Luiz de Queiroz, Universidade de São Paulo, Caixa Postal 83, Piracicaba, SP, 13400-970, Brazil.
| | - Ubiraci G P Lana
- Núcleo de Biologia Aplicada, Embrapa Milho e Sorgo, Rodovia MG 424, km 65, Caixa Postal 151, Sete Lagoas, MG, 35701-970, Brazil.
| | - Sylvia M de Sousa
- Núcleo de Biologia Aplicada, Embrapa Milho e Sorgo, Rodovia MG 424, km 65, Caixa Postal 151, Sete Lagoas, MG, 35701-970, Brazil
| | - Claudia T Guimaraes
- Núcleo de Biologia Aplicada, Embrapa Milho e Sorgo, Rodovia MG 424, km 65, Caixa Postal 151, Sete Lagoas, MG, 35701-970, Brazil.
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Konvalinková T, Püschel D, Janoušková M, Gryndler M, Jansa J. Duration and intensity of shade differentially affects mycorrhizal growth- and phosphorus uptake responses of Medicago truncatula. Front Plant Sci 2015; 6:65. [PMID: 25763002 PMCID: PMC4327418 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2015.00065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2014] [Accepted: 01/25/2015] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Plant and fungal partners in arbuscular mycorrhizal symbiosis trade mineral nutrients for carbon, with the outcome of this relationship for plant growth and nutrition being highly context-dependent and changing with the availability of resources as well as with the specific requirements of the different partners. Here we studied how the model legume Medicago truncatula, inoculated or not with a mycorrhizal fungus Rhizophagus irregularis, responded to a gradient of light intensities applied over different periods of time, in terms of growth, phosphorus nutrition and the levels of root colonization by the mycorrhizal fungus. Short-term (6 d) shading, depending on its intensity, resulted in a rapid decline of phosphorus uptake to the shoots of mycorrhizal plants and simultaneous accumulation of phosphorus in the roots (most likely in the fungal tissues), as compared to the non-mycorrhizal controls. There was, however, no significant change in the levels of mycorrhizal colonization of roots due to short-term shading. Long-term (38 d) shading, depending on its intensity, provoked a multitude of plant compensatory mechanisms, which were further boosted by the mycorrhizal symbiosis. Mycorrhizal growth- and phosphorus uptake benefits, however, vanished at 10% of the full light intensity applied over a long-term. Levels of root colonization by the mycorrhizal fungus were significantly reduced by long-term shading. Our results indicate that even short periods of shade could have important consequences for the functioning of mycorrhizal symbiosis in terms of phosphorus transfer between the fungus and the plants, without any apparent changes in root colonization parameters or mycorrhizal growth response, and call for more focused research on temporal dynamics of mycorrhizal functioning under changing environmental conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tereza Konvalinková
- Laboratory of Fungal Biology, Institute of Microbiology, Academy of Sciences of the Czech RepublicPrague, Czech Republic
| | - David Püschel
- Laboratory of Fungal Biology, Institute of Microbiology, Academy of Sciences of the Czech RepublicPrague, Czech Republic
- Department of Mycorrhizal Symbioses, Institute of Botany, Academy of Sciences of the Czech RepublicPrůhonice, Czech Republic
| | - Martina Janoušková
- Laboratory of Fungal Biology, Institute of Microbiology, Academy of Sciences of the Czech RepublicPrague, Czech Republic
- Department of Mycorrhizal Symbioses, Institute of Botany, Academy of Sciences of the Czech RepublicPrůhonice, Czech Republic
| | - Milan Gryndler
- Laboratory of Fungal Biology, Institute of Microbiology, Academy of Sciences of the Czech RepublicPrague, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Jansa
- Laboratory of Fungal Biology, Institute of Microbiology, Academy of Sciences of the Czech RepublicPrague, Czech Republic
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Wang X, Pearse SJ, Lambers H. Cluster-root formation and carboxylate release in three Lupinus species as dependent on phosphorus supply, internal phosphorus concentration and relative growth rate. Ann Bot 2013; 112:1449-59. [PMID: 24061491 PMCID: PMC3806539 DOI: 10.1093/aob/mct210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2013] [Accepted: 07/23/2013] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Some Lupinus species produce cluster roots in response to low plant phosphorus (P) status. The cause of variation in cluster-root formation among cluster-root-forming Lupinus species is unknown. The aim of this study was to investigate if cluster-root formation is, in part, dependent on different relative growth rates (RGRs) among Lupinus species when they show similar shoot P status. METHODS Three cluster-root-forming Lupinus species, L. albus, L. pilosus and L. atlanticus, were grown in washed river sand at 0, 7·5, 15 or 40 mg P kg(-1) dry sand. Plants were harvested at 34, 42 or 62 d after sowing, and fresh and dry weight of leaves, stems, cluster roots and non-cluster roots of different ages were measured. The percentage of cluster roots, tissue P concentrations, root exudates and plant RGR were determined. KEY RESULTS Phosphorus treatments had major effects on cluster-root allocation, with a significant but incomplete suppression in L. albus and L. pilosus when P supply exceeded 15 mg P kg(-1) sand. Complete suppression was found in L. atlanticus at the highest P supply; this species never invested more than 20 % of its root weight in cluster roots. For L. pilosus and L. atlanticus, cluster-root formation was decreased at high internal P concentration, irrespective of RGR. For L. albus, there was a trend in the same direction, but this was not significant. CONCLUSIONS Cluster-root formation in all three Lupinus species was suppressed at high leaf P concentration, irrespective of RGR. Variation in cluster-root formation among the three species cannot be explained by species-specific variation in RGR or leaf P concentration.
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Niu YF, Chai RS, Jin GL, Wang H, Tang CX, Zhang YS. Responses of root architecture development to low phosphorus availability: a review. Ann Bot 2013; 112:391-408. [PMID: 23267006 PMCID: PMC3698383 DOI: 10.1093/aob/mcs285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 206] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2012] [Accepted: 11/14/2012] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Phosphorus (P) is an essential element for plant growth and development but it is often a limiting nutrient in soils. Hence, P acquisition from soil by plant roots is a subject of considerable interest in agriculture, ecology and plant root biology. Root architecture, with its shape and structured development, can be considered as an evolutionary response to scarcity of resources. SCOPE This review discusses the significance of root architecture development in response to low P availability and its beneficial effects on alleviation of P stress. It also focuses on recent progress in unravelling cellular, physiological and molecular mechanisms in root developmental adaptation to P starvation. The progress in a more detailed understanding of these mechanisms might be used for developing strategies that build upon the observed explorative behaviour of plant roots. CONCLUSIONS The role of root architecture in alleviation of P stress is well documented. However, this paper describes how plants adjust their root architecture to low-P conditions through inhibition of primary root growth, promotion of lateral root growth, enhancement of root hair development and cluster root formation, which all promote P acquisition by plants. The mechanisms for activating alterations in root architecture in response to P deprivation depend on changes in the localized P concentration, and transport of or sensitivity to growth regulators such as sugars, auxins, ethylene, cytokinins, nitric oxide (NO), reactive oxygen species (ROS) and abscisic acid (ABA). In the process, many genes are activated, which in turn trigger changes in molecular, physiological and cellular processes. As a result, root architecture is modified, allowing plants to adapt effectively to the low-P environment. This review provides a framework for understanding how P deficiency alters root architecture, with a focus on integrated physiological and molecular signalling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yao Fang Niu
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Ecosystem Health, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Ru Shan Chai
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Ecosystem Health, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Gu Lei Jin
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Huan Wang
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Subtropical Soil and Plant Nutrition, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Cai Xian Tang
- Centre for AgriBioscience/Department of Agricultural Sciences, La Trobe University, Melbourne Campus, Bundoora, Vic 3086, Australia
| | - Yong Song Zhang
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Ecosystem Health, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
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Niu Y, Chai R, Dong H, Wang H, Tang C, Zhang Y. Effect of elevated CO₂ on phosphorus nutrition of phosphate-deficient Arabidopsis thaliana (L.) Heynh under different nitrogen forms. J Exp Bot 2013; 64:355-67. [PMID: 23183255 PMCID: PMC3528041 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/ers341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Phosphorus (P) nutrition is always a key issue regarding plants responses to elevated CO(2). Yet it is unclear of how elevated CO(2) affects P uptake under different nitrogen (N) forms. This study investigated the influence of elevated CO(2) (800 µl l(-1)) on P uptake and utilization by Arabidopsis grown in pH-buffered phosphate (P)-deficient (0.5 µM) hydroponic culture supplying with 2mM nitrate (NO(3)(-)) or ammonium (NH(4)(+)). After 7 d treatment, elevated CO(2) enhanced the biomass production of both NO(3)(-)- and NH(4) (+)-fed plants but decreased the P amount absorbed per weight of roots and the P concentration in the shoots of plants supplied with NH(4)(+). In comparison, elevated CO(2) increased the amount of P absorbed per weight of roots, as well as the P concentration in plants and alleviated P deficiency-induced symptoms of plants supplied with NO(3)(-). Elevated CO(2) also increased the root/shoot ratio, total root surface area, and acid phosphatase activity, and enhanced the expression of genes or transcriptional factors involving in P uptake, allocation and remobilization in P deficient plants. Furthermore, elevated CO(2) increased the nitric oxide (NO) level in roots of NO(3)(-)-fed plants but decreased it in NH(4)(+)-fed plants. NO scavenger 2-(4-carboxyphenyl)-4,4,5,5-tetramethylimidazoline-1-oxyl-3-oxide (cPTIO) inhibited plant P acquisition by roots under elevated CO(2). Considering all of these findings, this study concluded that a combination of elevated CO(2) and NO(3)(-) nutrition can induce a set of plant adaptive strategies to improve P status from P-deficient soluble sources and that NO may be a signalling molecule that controls these processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaofang Niu
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Ecosystem Health, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Rushan Chai
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Ecosystem Health, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Huifen Dong
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Ecosystem Health, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Huan Wang
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Subtropical Soil and Plant Nutrition, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Caixian Tang
- Department of Agricultural Sciences/Centre for AgriBioscience, La Trobe University, Melbourne Campus, Vic 3086, Australia
| | - Yongsong Zhang
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Ecosystem Health, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Subtropical Soil and Plant Nutrition, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
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