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Smrček J, Hájek M, Hodek O, Čížek K, Pohl R, Jahn E, Galano JM, Oger C, Durand T, Cvačka J, Jahn U. First Total Synthesis of Phytoprostanes with Prostaglandin-Like Configuration, Evidence for Their Formation in Edible Vegetable Oils and Orienting Study of Their Biological Activity. Chemistry 2021; 27:9556-9562. [PMID: 33904184 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202100872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Phytoprostanes (PhytoP) are natural products, which form in plants under oxidative stress conditions from α-linolenic acid. However, their epimers with relative prostaglandin configuration termed phytoglandins (PhytoG) have never been detected in Nature, likely because of the lack of synthetic reference material. Here, the first asymmetric total synthesis of such compounds, namely of PhytoGF1α (9-epi-16-F1t -PhytoP) and its diastereomer ent-16-epi-PhytoGF1α (ent-9,16-diepi-16-F1t -PhytoP), has been accomplished. The synthetic strategy is based on radical anion oxidative cyclization, copper(I)-mediated alkyl-alkyl coupling and enantioselective reduction reactions. A UHPLC-MS/MS study using the synthesized compounds as standards indicates PhytoG formation at significant levels during autoxidation of α-linolenic acid in edible vegetable oils. Initial testing of synthetic PhytoGs together with F1 -PhytoP and 15-F2t -IsoP derivatives for potential interactions with the PGF2α (FP) receptor did not reveal significant activity. The notion that PUFA-derived oxidatively formed cyclic metabolites with prostaglandin configuration do not form to a significant extent in biological or food matrices has to be corrected. Strong evidence is provided that oxidatively formed PhytoG metabolites may be ingested with plant-derived food, which necessitates further investigation of their biological profile.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jakub Smrček
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, Flemingovo náměstí 2, 16610, Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Miroslav Hájek
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, Flemingovo náměstí 2, 16610, Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Ondřej Hodek
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, Flemingovo náměstí 2, 16610, Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Karel Čížek
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, Flemingovo náměstí 2, 16610, Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Radek Pohl
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, Flemingovo náměstí 2, 16610, Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Emanuela Jahn
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, Flemingovo náměstí 2, 16610, Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Jean-Marie Galano
- Institut des Biomolécules Max Mousseron IBMM, CNRS, ENSCM, Faculté de Pharmacie, Université de Montpellier, 15 Av. Charles Flahault, CS14491, 34093, Montpellier Cedex 05, France
| | - Camille Oger
- Institut des Biomolécules Max Mousseron IBMM, CNRS, ENSCM, Faculté de Pharmacie, Université de Montpellier, 15 Av. Charles Flahault, CS14491, 34093, Montpellier Cedex 05, France
| | - Thierry Durand
- Institut des Biomolécules Max Mousseron IBMM, CNRS, ENSCM, Faculté de Pharmacie, Université de Montpellier, 15 Av. Charles Flahault, CS14491, 34093, Montpellier Cedex 05, France
| | - Josef Cvačka
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, Flemingovo náměstí 2, 16610, Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Ullrich Jahn
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, Flemingovo náměstí 2, 16610, Prague 6, Czech Republic
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Gutierrez-Pajares JL, Ben Hassen C, Oger C, Galano JM, Durand T, Frank PG. Oxidized Products of α-Linolenic Acid Negatively Regulate Cellular Survival and Motility of Breast Cancer Cells. Biomolecules 2019; 10:biom10010050. [PMID: 31905626 PMCID: PMC7023043 DOI: 10.3390/biom10010050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2019] [Revised: 12/24/2019] [Accepted: 12/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite recent advances in our understanding of the biological processes leading to the development and progression of cancer, there is still a need for new and effective agents to treat this disease. Phytoprostanes (PhytoPs) and phytofurans (PhytoFs) are non-enzymatically oxidized products of α-linolenic acid that are present in seeds and vegetable oils. They have been shown to possess anti-inflammatory and apoptosis-promoting activities in macrophages and leukemia cells, respectively. In this work, seven PhytoPs (PP1–PP7) and one PhytoFs (PF1) were evaluated for their cytotoxic, chemosensitization, and anti-migratory activities using the MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cell lines. Among the tested compounds, only three PhytoPs had a significant effect on cell viability compared to the control group: Ent-9-L1-PhytoP (PP6) decreased cell viability in both cell lines, while 16-F1t-PhytoP (PP1) and 9-L1-PhytoP (PP5) decreased viability of MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 cells, respectively. When combined with a sub-cytotoxic dose of doxorubicin, these three PhytoPs displayed significantly enhanced cytotoxic effects on MCF-7 cells while the chemotherapeutic drug alone had no effect. In cellular motility assays, Ent-9-(RS)-12-epi-ST-Δ10-13-PhytoF could significantly inhibit cellular migration of MDA-MB-231 cells. In addition, Ent-9-(RS)-12-epi-ST-Δ10-13-PhytoF also enhanced cellular adhesion of MDA-MB-231 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Celine Ben Hassen
- INSERM, Faculté de Médecine, Université de Tours, UMR1069 Tours, France
| | - Camille Oger
- Institut des Biomolécules Max Mousseron (IBMM), Université de Montpellier, CNRS, ENSCM Faculté de Pharmacie, UMR5247 Montpellier, France
| | - Jean-Marie Galano
- Institut des Biomolécules Max Mousseron (IBMM), Université de Montpellier, CNRS, ENSCM Faculté de Pharmacie, UMR5247 Montpellier, France
| | - Thierry Durand
- Institut des Biomolécules Max Mousseron (IBMM), Université de Montpellier, CNRS, ENSCM Faculté de Pharmacie, UMR5247 Montpellier, France
| | - Philippe G Frank
- INSERM, Faculté de Médecine, Université de Tours, UMR1069 Tours, France
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Abstract
Phytoprostanes (PhytoPs) represent non-enzymatic metabolites of α-linolenic acid (ALA), the essential omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) derived from plants. PhytoPs are present in the plant kingdom and represent endogenous mediators capable of protecting cells from oxidative stress damages in plants. Recently, it was found that such metabolites are present in cooking oil in high quantities, and also that B1-PhytoPs protect immature neurons from oxidant injury and promote differentiation of oligodendrocyte progenitors through PPAR-γ activation. We report a novel and facile synthesis of natural 2,3-substituted cyclopentenone PhytoPs, 16-B1-PhytoP, and 9-L1-PhytoP. Our strategy is based on reductive alkylation at the 2-position of 1,3-cyclopentanedione using a recent protocol developed by Ramachary et al. and on a cross-coupling metathesis to access conjugate dienone system. In conclusion, this strategy permitted access to B1- and L1-PhytoPs in a relative short sequence process, and afford the possibility to easily develop analogs of PhytoPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandre Guy
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Institut des Biomolécules Max Mousseron, UMR 5247 - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, University Montpellier École Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Montpellier Montpellier, France
| | - Séamus Flanagan
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Institut des Biomolécules Max Mousseron, UMR 5247 - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, University Montpellier École Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Montpellier Montpellier, France
| | - Thierry Durand
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Institut des Biomolécules Max Mousseron, UMR 5247 - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, University Montpellier École Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Montpellier Montpellier, France
| | - Camille Oger
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Institut des Biomolécules Max Mousseron, UMR 5247 - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, University Montpellier École Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Montpellier Montpellier, France
| | - Jean-Marie Galano
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Institut des Biomolécules Max Mousseron, UMR 5247 - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, University Montpellier École Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Montpellier Montpellier, France
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