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Stefanov MA, Rashkov GD, Borisova PB, Apostolova EL. Changes in Photosystem II Complex and Physiological Activities in Pea and Maize Plants in Response to Salt Stress. Plants (Basel) 2024; 13:1025. [PMID: 38611554 PMCID: PMC11013719 DOI: 10.3390/plants13071025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2024] [Revised: 03/26/2024] [Accepted: 04/01/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024]
Abstract
Salt stress significantly impacts the functions of the photosynthetic apparatus, with varying degrees of damage to its components. Photosystem II (PSII) is more sensitive to environmental stresses, including salinity, than photosystem I (PSI). This study investigated the effects of different salinity levels (0 to 200 mM NaCl) on the PSII complex in isolated thylakoid membranes from hydroponically grown pea (Pisum sativum L.) and maize (Zea mays L.) plants treated with NaCl for 5 days. The data revealed that salt stress inhibits the photochemical activity of PSII (H2O → BQ), affecting the energy transfer between the pigment-protein complexes of PSII (as indicated by the fluorescence emission ratio F695/F685), QA reoxidation, and the function of the oxygen-evolving complex (OEC). These processes were more significantly affected in pea than in maize under salinity. Analysis of the oxygen evolution curves after flashes and continuous illumination showed a stronger influence on the PSIIα than PSIIβ centers. The inhibition of oxygen evolution was associated with an increase in misses (α), double hits (β), and blocked centers (SB) and a decrease in the rate constant of turnover of PSII reaction centers (KD). Salinity had different effects on the two pathways of QA reoxidation in maize and pea. In maize, the electron flow from QA- to plastoquinone was dominant after treatment with higher NaCl concentrations (150 mM and 200 mM), while in pea, the electron recombination on QAQB- with oxidized S2 (or S3) of the OEC was more pronounced. Analysis of the 77 K fluorescence emission spectra revealed changes in the ratio of the light-harvesting complex of PSII (LHCII) monomers and trimers to LHCII aggregates after salt treatment. There was also a decrease in pigment composition and an increase in oxidative stress markers, membrane injury index, antioxidant activity (FRAP assay), and antiradical activity (DPPH assay). These effects were more pronounced in pea than in maize after treatment with higher NaCl concentrations (150 mM-200 mM). This study provides insights into how salinity influences the processes in the donor and acceptor sides of PSII in plants with different salt sensitivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin A Stefanov
- Institute of Biophysics and Biomedical Engineering, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Acad. G. Bonchev Str., Bl. 21, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Georgi D Rashkov
- Institute of Biophysics and Biomedical Engineering, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Acad. G. Bonchev Str., Bl. 21, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Preslava B Borisova
- Institute of Biophysics and Biomedical Engineering, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Acad. G. Bonchev Str., Bl. 21, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Emilia L Apostolova
- Institute of Biophysics and Biomedical Engineering, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Acad. G. Bonchev Str., Bl. 21, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria
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2
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Komyshev EG, Genaev MA, Busov ID, Kozhekin MV, Artemenko NV, Glagoleva AY, Koval VS, Afonnikov DA. Determination of the melanin and anthocyanin content in barley grains by digital image analysis using machine learning methods. Vavilovskii Zhurnal Genet Selektsii 2023; 27:859-868. [PMID: 38500740 PMCID: PMC10946661 DOI: 10.18699/vjgb-23-99] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Revised: 09/27/2023] [Accepted: 09/28/2023] [Indexed: 03/20/2024] Open
Abstract
The pigment composition of plant seed coat affects important properties such as resistance to pathogens, pre-harvest sprouting, and mechanical hardness. The dark color of barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) grain can be attributed to the synthesis and accumulation of two groups of pigments. Blue and purple grain color is associated with the biosynthesis of anthocyanins. Gray and black grain color is caused by melanin. These pigments may accumulate in the grain shells both individually and together. Therefore, it is difficult to visually distinguish which pigments are responsible for the dark color of the grain. Chemical methods are used to accurately determine the presence/ absence of pigments; however, they are expensive and labor-intensive. Therefore, the development of a new method for quickly assessing the presence of pigments in the grain would help in investigating the mechanisms of genetic control of the pigment composition of barley grains. In this work, we developed a method for assessing the presence or absence of anthocyanins and melanin in the barley grain shell based on digital image analysis using computer vision and machine learning algorithms. A protocol was developed to obtain digital RGB images of barley grains. Using this protocol, a total of 972 images were acquired for 108 barley accessions. Seed coat from these accessions may contain anthocyanins, melanins, or pigments of both types. Chemical methods were used to accurately determine the pigment content of the grains. Four models based on computer vision techniques and convolutional neural networks of different architectures were developed to predict grain pigment composition from images. The U-Net network model based on the EfficientNetB0 topology showed the best performance in the holdout set (the value of the "accuracy" parameter was 0.821).
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Affiliation(s)
- E G Komyshev
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - M A Genaev
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia Kurchatov Genomic Center of ICG SB RAS, Novosibirsk, Russia Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - I D Busov
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - M V Kozhekin
- Kurchatov Genomic Center of ICG SB RAS, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - N V Artemenko
- Kurchatov Genomic Center of ICG SB RAS, Novosibirsk, Russia Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - A Y Glagoleva
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - V S Koval
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - D A Afonnikov
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia Kurchatov Genomic Center of ICG SB RAS, Novosibirsk, Russia Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk, Russia
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3
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Stefanov M, Rashkov G, Borisova P, Apostolova E. Sensitivity of the Photosynthetic Apparatus in Maize and Sorghum under Different Drought Levels. Plants (Basel) 2023; 12:plants12091863. [PMID: 37176921 PMCID: PMC10180982 DOI: 10.3390/plants12091863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2023] [Revised: 04/24/2023] [Accepted: 04/27/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Drought is one of the main environmental stress factors affecting plant growth and yield. The impact of different PEG concentrations on the photosynthetic performance of maize (Zea mays L. Mayflower) and sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L. Foehn) was investigated. The activity of the photosynthetic apparatus was assessed using chlorophyll fluorescence (PAM and JIP test) and photooxidation of P700. The data revealed that water deficiency decreased the photochemical quenching (qP), the ratio of photochemical to nonphotochemical processes (Fv/Fo), the effective quantum yield of the photochemical energy conversion in PSII (ΦPSII), the rate of the electron transport (ETR), and the performance indexes PItotal and PIABS, as the impact was stronger in sorghum than in maize and depended on drought level. The PSI photochemistry (P700 photooxidation) in sorghum was inhibited after the application of all studied drought levels, while in maize, it was registered only after treatment with higher PEG concentrations (30% and 40%). Enhanced regulated energy losses (ΦNPQ) and activation of the state transition under drought were also observed in maize, while in sorghum, an increase mainly in nonregulated energy losses (ΦNO). A decrease in pigment content and relative water content and an increase in membrane damage were also registered after PEG treatment. The experimental results showed better drought tolerance of maize than sorghum. This study provides new information about the role of regulated energy losses and state transition for the protection of the photosynthetic apparatus under drought and might be a practical approach to the determination of the drought tolerance of plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Stefanov
- Institute of Biophysics and Biomedical Engineering, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Georgi Rashkov
- Institute of Biophysics and Biomedical Engineering, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Preslava Borisova
- Institute of Biophysics and Biomedical Engineering, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Emilia Apostolova
- Institute of Biophysics and Biomedical Engineering, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria
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Chebotaryova SP, Zakharova OV, Gusev AA, Baranchikov PA, Kolesnikov EA, Yakusheva AS, Skripnikova EV, Lobakova ES, Xu J, Alam MA, Solovchenko AE. Assessment of the Tolerance of a Chlorophyte Desmodesmus to CuO-NP for Evaluation of the Nanopollution Bioremediation Potential of This Microalga. Nanomaterials (Basel) 2023; 13:737. [PMID: 36839106 PMCID: PMC9959455 DOI: 10.3390/nano13040737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2022] [Revised: 02/11/2023] [Accepted: 02/14/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Broad application of CuO nanoparticles (CuO-NP) for industrial and household purposes leads to a continuous increase in their discharge to, and, hence, ever-increasing environmental hazards for aquatic ecosystems. Microalgae-based technologies hold promise for bioremediation of diverse hazardous micropollutants (HMP), including NP, from wastewater. In this study, we tested the ability of the green microalga Desmodesmus sp. to accumulate CuO-NP or their components. We also assessed the tolerance of this microalga to the environmentally relevant concentrations of CuO-NP. Using scanning electron microscopy, we demonstrated that the average size of CuO-NP was 50-100 nm, and their purity was confirmed with elemental composition analysis. Tests of the colloidal suspensions of CuO-NP showed that the hydrodynamic diameter of CuO-NP and their aggregates was below 100 nm. Flow cytometry analysis showed that CuO-NP at a concentration of 100 µg L-1 slightly inhibited the viability of microalgae cells and led to an increase in their oxidative stress. The assessment of the condition of photosystem II showed that CuO-NP exert a multifaceted effect on the photosynthetic apparatus of Desmodesmus sp., depending on the concentration of and the exposure to the CuO-NP. Desmodesmus sp. turned to be relatively tolerant to CuO-NP. In addition, the ICP-MS method revealed increased bioaccumulation of copper by microalgae cells in the experimental groups. The outcomes of this study indicate that the Desmodesmus sp. has a significant potential for bioremoval of the copper-based nanostructured HMP from an aquatic environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Svetlana P. Chebotaryova
- Institute for Environmental Science and Biotechnology, Derzhavin Tambov State University, 392020 Tambov, Russia
| | - Olga V. Zakharova
- Institute for Environmental Science and Biotechnology, Derzhavin Tambov State University, 392020 Tambov, Russia
- Department of Functional Nanosystems and High-Temperature Materials, National University of Science and Technology «MISIS», 119991 Moscow, Russia
- Engineering Center, Plekhanov Russian University of Economics, 117997 Moscow, Russia
| | - Alexander A. Gusev
- Institute for Environmental Science and Biotechnology, Derzhavin Tambov State University, 392020 Tambov, Russia
- Department of Functional Nanosystems and High-Temperature Materials, National University of Science and Technology «MISIS», 119991 Moscow, Russia
- Engineering Center, Plekhanov Russian University of Economics, 117997 Moscow, Russia
| | - Petr A. Baranchikov
- Institute for Environmental Science and Biotechnology, Derzhavin Tambov State University, 392020 Tambov, Russia
| | - Evgenii A. Kolesnikov
- Department of Functional Nanosystems and High-Temperature Materials, National University of Science and Technology «MISIS», 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Anastasia S. Yakusheva
- Department of Functional Nanosystems and High-Temperature Materials, National University of Science and Technology «MISIS», 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Elena V. Skripnikova
- Institute for Environmental Science and Biotechnology, Derzhavin Tambov State University, 392020 Tambov, Russia
| | - Elena S. Lobakova
- Faculty of Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119234 Moscow, Russia
| | - Jingliang Xu
- School of Chemical Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450046, China
| | - Md. Asraful Alam
- School of Chemical Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450046, China
| | - Alexei E. Solovchenko
- Institute for Environmental Science and Biotechnology, Derzhavin Tambov State University, 392020 Tambov, Russia
- Faculty of Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119234 Moscow, Russia
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5
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Wei L, Ma R, Fu Y. Differences in Chemical Constituents between Dalbergia oliveri Heartwood and Sapwood and Their Effect on Wood Color. Molecules 2022; 27:7978. [PMID: 36432077 PMCID: PMC9695600 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27227978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2022] [Revised: 11/13/2022] [Accepted: 11/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to characterize and quantify the chemical constituents of heartwood and sapwood of Dalbergia oliveri extract in order to investigate the chemical components that determine the formation of heartwood's color. In this work, the types of pigments in heartwood and sapwood extract were analyzed using UV-Visible (UV) Spectrophotometer, and the main pigment components of heartwood and sapwood extract were identified and quantified using ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (UHPLC-MS). The results showed that the difference in content of the main components between heartwood and sapwood of Dalbergia oliveri was slight, and the lignin structure between heartwood and sapwood is basically identical; flavonoid pigments were found to be the primary chromophoric components of heartwood and sapwood extract. However, a total of 21 flavonoids were identified in heartwood and sapwood, of which the unique substances to heartwood were vitexin, isorhamnetin, and pelargonidin, and the content of isoliquiritigenin, formononetin, and biochanin A were 253, 37, and 583 times higher in the heartwood than in the sapwood, respectively, which could be the main pigment components affecting the significant color difference between heartwood and sapwood of Dalbergia oliveri. These results will provide a foundation for revealing the underlying mechanism of color difference between heartwood and sapwood and provide a theoretical basis for wood coloring.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Yunlin Fu
- College of Forestry, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
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6
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Fufina TY, Tretchikova OA, Khristin AM, Khatypov RA, Vasilieva LG. Properties of Mutant Photosynthetic Reaction Centers of Purple Non-Sulfur Bacteria Cereibacter sphaeroides with M206 Ile→Gln Substitution. Biochemistry (Mosc) 2022; 87:1149-1158. [PMID: 36273883 DOI: 10.1134/s000629792210008x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2022] [Revised: 08/14/2022] [Accepted: 08/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
In the structure of photosynthetic reaction center (RC) of the purple bacterium Cereibacter sphaeroides the highly conserved amino acid residue Ile-M206 is located near the bacteriochlorophyll dimer P, which is the primary electron donor, and the monomeric bacteriochlorophyll BA, which is the nearest electron acceptor. Since Ile-M206 is close to the C2-acetyl group of bacteriochlorophyll PB, the hydroxyl group of Tyr-M210, and to the C9-keto group of bacteriochlorophyll BA, as well as to the water molecule near the latter group, this site can be used for introducing mutations in order to study mechanisms of primary photochemical processes in the RC. Previously it was shown that the Ile→Glu substitution at the M204 position (analog of M206 in the RC of C. sphaeroides) in the RC of the closely related purple non-sulfur bacterium Rhodobacter capsulatus significantly affected kinetics of the P+HA- state formation, whereas the M204 Ile→Gln substitution led to the loss of BChl BA molecule from the complex structure. In the present work, it is shown that the single I(M206)Q or double I(M206)Q + F(M208)A amino acid substitutions in the RC of C. sphaeroides do not change the pigment composition and do not markedly influence redox potential of the primary electron donor. However, substitution of Ile M206 by Gln affected positions and amplitudes of the absorption bands of bacteriochlorophylls, increased lifetime of the primary electron donor P* excited state from 3.1 ps to 22 ps, and decreased quantum yield of the P+QA- state formation to 60%. These data suggest significant changes in the pigment-protein interactions in the vicinity of the primary electron donor P and the nearest electron acceptor BA. A considerable decrease was also noticed in the resistance of the mutant RC to thermal denaturation, which was more pronounced in the RC with the double substitution I(M206)Q + F(M208)A. This was likely associated with the disruption of the dense packing of the protein near bacteriochlorophylls PB and BA. Possible reasons for different effects of identical mutations on the properties of two highly homologous RCs from closely related purple non-sulfur bacteria are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatiana Yu Fufina
- Institute of Basic Biological Problems, Pushchino Scientific Center for Biological Research, Russian Academy of Sciences, Pushchino, Moscow Region, 142290, Russia
| | - Olga A Tretchikova
- Institute of Basic Biological Problems, Pushchino Scientific Center for Biological Research, Russian Academy of Sciences, Pushchino, Moscow Region, 142290, Russia
| | - Anton M Khristin
- Institute of Basic Biological Problems, Pushchino Scientific Center for Biological Research, Russian Academy of Sciences, Pushchino, Moscow Region, 142290, Russia
| | - Ravil A Khatypov
- Institute of Basic Biological Problems, Pushchino Scientific Center for Biological Research, Russian Academy of Sciences, Pushchino, Moscow Region, 142290, Russia
| | - Lyudmila G Vasilieva
- Institute of Basic Biological Problems, Pushchino Scientific Center for Biological Research, Russian Academy of Sciences, Pushchino, Moscow Region, 142290, Russia.
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Stefanov MA, Rashkov GD, Yotsova EK, Borisova PB, Dobrikova AG, Apostolova EL. Different Sensitivity Levels of the Photosynthetic Apparatus in Zea mays L. and Sorghum bicolor L. under Salt Stress. Plants (Basel) 2021; 10:plants10071469. [PMID: 34371672 PMCID: PMC8309219 DOI: 10.3390/plants10071469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2021] [Revised: 07/09/2021] [Accepted: 07/13/2021] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
The impacts of different NaCl concentrations (0-250 mM) on the photosynthesis of new hybrid lines of maize (Zea mays L. Kerala) and sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L. Shamal) were investigated. Salt-induced changes in the functions of photosynthetic apparatus were assessed using chlorophyll a fluorescence (PAM and OJIP test) and P700 photooxidation. Greater differences between the studied species in response to salinization were observed at 150 mM and 200 mM NaCl. The data revealed the stronger influence of maize in comparison to sorghum on the amount of closed PSII centers (1-qp) and their efficiency (Φexc), as well as on the effective quantum yield of the photochemical energy conversion of PSII (ΦPSII). Changes in the effective antenna size of PSII (ABS/RC), the electron flux per active reaction center (REo/RC) and the electron transport flux further QA (ETo/RC) were also registered. These changes in primary PSII photochemistry influenced the electron transport rate (ETR) and photosynthetic rate (parameter RFd), with the impacts being stronger in maize than sorghum. Moreover, the lowering of the electron transport rate from QA to the PSI end electron acceptors (REo/RC) and the probability of their reduction (φRo) altered the PSI photochemical activity, which influenced photooxidation of P700 and its decay kinetics. The pigment content and stress markers of oxidative damage were also determined. The data revealed a better salt tolerance of sorghum than maize, associated with the structural alterations in the photosynthetic membranes and the stimulation of the cyclic electron flow around PSI at higher NaCl concentrations. The relationships between the decreased pigment content, increased levels of stress markers and different inhibition levels of the function of both photosystems are discussed.
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Nakashima T, Uetake J, Segawa T, Procházková L, Tsushima A, Takeuchi N. Spatial and Temporal Variations in Pigment and Species Compositions of Snow Algae on Mt. Tateyama in Toyama Prefecture, Japan. Front Plant Sci 2021; 12:689119. [PMID: 34290725 PMCID: PMC8289405 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.689119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Accepted: 05/31/2021] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Snow algae are photosynthetic microbes that inhabit the melting snow surface in alpine and polar regions. We analyzed the pigment and species composition of colored snow collected on Mt. Tateyama in Japan during the melting seasons of 2015 and 2016. High-performance liquid chromatographic analyses of the pigments extracted from the colored snow showed that their composition varied within the study area and were classified into four types: Type A (astaxanthin-monoester dominant), Type B (medium astaxanthin-monoester content), Type C (abundant primary carotenoids and free-astaxanthin), and Type D (abundant primary carotenoids and astaxanthin diesters). Types A and B were most commonly observed in the study area, whereas Types C and D appeared only at specific sites. Analysis of the 18S ribosomal RNA (18S rRNA) gene revealed six major amplicon sequence variants (ASVs) of snow algae, belonging to the Sanguina, Chloromonas, and Chlainomonas groups. The relative abundance of the algal ASVs showed that Sanguina was dominant (>48%) in both Types A and B, suggesting that the difference in astaxanthin abundance between the two types was caused by the production of pigments in the algal cells. The algal community structures of Types C and D differed from those of Types A and B, indicating that the primary carotenoids and astaxanthin diesters were derived from certain algal species in these types. Therefore, astaxanthin-rich Sanguina algae mostly induced the red snow that appeared widely in this alpine area; however, they were partially dominated by Chloromonas or Chlainomonas algae, causing different pigment compositions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jun Uetake
- Field Science Center for Northern Biosphere, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Takahiro Segawa
- Center for Life Science Research, University of Yamanashi, Kofu, Japan
| | - Lenka Procházková
- Department of Ecology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague, Czechia
| | - Akane Tsushima
- Graduate School of Science, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
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Bernát G, Zavřel T, Kotabová E, Kovács L, Steinbach G, Vörös L, Prášil O, Somogyi B, Tóth VR. Photomorphogenesis in the Picocyanobacterium Cyanobium gracile Includes Increased Phycobilisome Abundance Under Blue Light, Phycobilisome Decoupling Under Near Far-Red Light, and Wavelength-Specific Photoprotective Strategies. Front Plant Sci 2021; 12:612302. [PMID: 33815434 PMCID: PMC8012758 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.612302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2020] [Accepted: 02/15/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Photomorphogenesis is a process by which photosynthetic organisms perceive external light parameters, including light quality (color), and adjust cellular metabolism, growth rates and other parameters, in order to survive in a changing light environment. In this study we comprehensively explored the light color acclimation of Cyanobium gracile, a common cyanobacterium in turbid freshwater shallow lakes, using nine different monochromatic growth lights covering the whole visible spectrum from 435 to 687 nm. According to incident light wavelength, C. gracile cells performed great plasticity in terms of pigment composition, antenna size, and photosystem stoichiometry, to optimize their photosynthetic performance and to redox poise their intersystem electron transport chain. In spite of such compensatory strategies, C. gracile, like other cyanobacteria, uses blue and near far-red light less efficiently than orange or red light, which involves moderate growth rates, reduced cell volumes and lower electron transport rates. Unfavorable light conditions, where neither chlorophyll nor phycobilisomes absorb light sufficiently, are compensated by an enhanced antenna size. Increasing the wavelength of the growth light is accompanied by increasing photosystem II to photosystem I ratios, which involve better light utilization in the red spectral region. This is surprisingly accompanied by a partial excitonic antenna decoupling, which was the highest in the cells grown under 687 nm light. So far, a similar phenomenon is known to be induced only by strong light; here we demonstrate that under certain physiological conditions such decoupling is also possible to be induced by weak light. This suggests that suboptimal photosynthetic performance of the near far-red light grown C. gracile cells is due to a solid redox- and/or signal-imbalance, which leads to the activation of this short-term light acclimation process. Using a variety of photo-biophysical methods, we also demonstrate that under blue wavelengths, excessive light is quenched through orange carotenoid protein mediated non-photochemical quenching, whereas under orange/red wavelengths state transitions are involved in photoprotection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gábor Bernát
- Balaton Limnological Institute, Centre for Ecological Research, Tihany, Hungary
- Centre Algatech, Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Třeboň, Czechia
| | - Tomáš Zavřel
- Global Change Research Institute, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Brno, Czechia
| | - Eva Kotabová
- Centre Algatech, Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Třeboň, Czechia
| | - László Kovács
- Institute of Plant Biology, Biological Research Centre, Eötvös Loránd Research Network, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Gábor Steinbach
- Institute of Biophysics, Biological Research Centre, Eötvös Loránd Research Network, Szeged, Hungary
- Cellular Imaging Laboratory, Biological Research Center, Eötvös Loránd Research Network, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Lajos Vörös
- Balaton Limnological Institute, Centre for Ecological Research, Tihany, Hungary
| | - Ondřej Prášil
- Centre Algatech, Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Třeboň, Czechia
| | - Boglárka Somogyi
- Balaton Limnological Institute, Centre for Ecological Research, Tihany, Hungary
| | - Viktor R. Tóth
- Balaton Limnological Institute, Centre for Ecological Research, Tihany, Hungary
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10
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Doppler P, Kornpointner C, Halbwirth H, Remias D, Spadiut O. Tetraedron minimum, First Reported Member of Hydrodictyaceae to Accumulate Secondary Carotenoids. Life (Basel) 2021; 11:107. [PMID: 33573287 PMCID: PMC7911234 DOI: 10.3390/life11020107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2020] [Revised: 01/17/2021] [Accepted: 01/27/2021] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
We isolated a novel strain of the microalga Tetraedron minimum in Iceland from a terrestrial habitat. During long-term cultivation, a dish culture turned orange, indicating the presence of secondary pigments. Thus, we characterized T. minimum for growth and possible carotenoid production in different inorganic media. In a lab-scale photobioreactor, we confirmed that nitrogen starvation in combination with salt stress triggered a secondary carotenoid accumulation. The development of the pigment composition and the antioxidant capacity of the extracts was analyzed throughout the cultivations. The final secondary carotenoid composition was, on average, 61.1% astaxanthin and 38.9% adonixanthin. Moreover, the cells accumulated approx. 83.1% unsaturated fatty acids. This work presents the first report of the formation of secondary carotenoids within the family Hydrodictyaceae (Sphaeropleales, Chlorophyta).
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Affiliation(s)
- Philipp Doppler
- Research Division Biochemical Engineering, Institute of Chemical, Environmental and Bioscience Engineering, TU Wien, Gumpendorfer Strasse 1a, 1060 Vienna, Austria;
| | - Christoph Kornpointner
- Research Division Phytochemistry and Plant Biochemistry, Institute of Chemical, Environmental, and Bioscience Engineering, TU Wien, Getreidemarkt 9, 1060 Vienna, Austria; (C.K.); (H.H.)
| | - Heidi Halbwirth
- Research Division Phytochemistry and Plant Biochemistry, Institute of Chemical, Environmental, and Bioscience Engineering, TU Wien, Getreidemarkt 9, 1060 Vienna, Austria; (C.K.); (H.H.)
| | - Daniel Remias
- School of Engineering, University of Applied Sciences Upper Austria, Stelzhamerstr. 23, 4600 Wels, Austria
| | - Oliver Spadiut
- Research Division Biochemical Engineering, Institute of Chemical, Environmental and Bioscience Engineering, TU Wien, Gumpendorfer Strasse 1a, 1060 Vienna, Austria;
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Gandul-Rojas B, Gallardo-Guerrero L. Characterization and Processing of Table Olives: A Special Issue. Foods 2020; 9:E1469. [PMID: 33076335 DOI: 10.3390/foods9101469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2020] [Revised: 10/10/2020] [Accepted: 10/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Table olives are recognized as an essential component of the Mediterranean diet, having been explicitly included in the second level of its nutritional pyramid as an aperitif or culinary ingredient, with a recommended daily consumption of one to two portions (15–30 g). Producers demand innovative techniques improving the performance and industrial sustainability, as well as the development of new products that respond efficiently to increasingly demanding consumers. The purpose of this special issue was to publish high-quality papers with the aim to cover the state-of-the-art, recent progress and perspectives related to characterization and processing of table olives. Two reviews offer an overview about the processing and storage effects on the nutritional and sensory properties of table olives, as well as the main technologies used for olive fermentation, and the role of lactic acid bacteria and yeasts characterizing this niche during the fermentation. A total of 10 research papers cover a broad range of aspects such as characterization of their chemical composition, bioavailability, advances in the processing technology, chemical and microbiological changes, optimized use of starter cultures for the improvement of the different fermentative processes, and new strategies to reduce sodium and additives to stabilize the organoleptic properties and avoid defects.
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Benico G, Takahashi K, Lum WM, Yñiguez AT, Iwataki M. The Harmful Unarmored Dinoflagellate Karlodinium in Japan and Philippines, with Reference to Ultrastructure and Micropredation of Karlodinium azanzae sp. nov. (Kareniaceae, Dinophyceae) 1. J Phycol 2020; 56:1264-1282. [PMID: 32445207 DOI: 10.1111/jpy.13030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2019] [Accepted: 04/17/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
In all, 26 cultures of the harmful marine dinoflagellate Karlodinium, isolated from Japanese and Philippine coastal waters, were examined using LM, SEM, and molecular phylogeny inferred from ITS and LSU rDNA. Seven Karlodinium species (six from Japan and four from Philippines), K. australe, K. ballantinum, K. decipiens, K. gentienii, K. veneficum, K. zhouanum, and a novel species Karlodinium azanzae sp. nov., were identified based on their morphology and phylogenetic positions. Karlodinium azanzae from Manila Bay, Philippines was further characterized by TEM, HPLC (chloroplast pigment), and bioassay on brine shrimp and other marine zooplankton. Cells of K. azanzae were the largest (mean 25.3 µm long) in Karlodinium, possessed numerous tiny reflective particles, starch grains, and lipid granules, and usually swam at the bottom of the culture vessel. The straight apical structure complex and a ventral pore were common to the genus. The longitudinally elongated nucleus was located at the center, and the yellowish chloroplasts contained an embedded pyrenoid and carotenoid pigments typical of the genus (i.e., fucoxanthin as major carotenoid with its derivatives). TEM revealed a part of the flagellar apparatus, of which the long striated ventral connective is the first report in the Kareniaceae. Phylogenetic trees showed closest affinity of K. azanzae with K. australe and K. armiger. The new species could be differentiated from related species by cell size, position of the nucleus, and characteristic swimming behavior. Lethality of K. azanzae to large zooplankton and micropredation using a developed peduncle was also observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Garry Benico
- Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo, Tokyo, 113-8657, Japan
| | - Kazuya Takahashi
- Asian Natural Environmental Science Center, University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo, Tokyo, 113-8657, Japan
| | - Wai Mun Lum
- Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo, Tokyo, 113-8657, Japan
| | - Aletta T Yñiguez
- The Marine Science Institute, University of the Philippines Diliman, Quezon City, 1101, Philippines
| | - Mitsunori Iwataki
- Asian Natural Environmental Science Center, University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo, Tokyo, 113-8657, Japan
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Xu D, Qiao H, Zhu J, Xu P, Liang C, Zhang X, Ye N, Yang W. ASSESSMENT OF PHOTOSYNTHETIC PERFORMANCE OF PORPHYRA YEZOENSIS (BANGIALES, RHODOPHYTA) IN CONCHOCELIS PHASE(1). J Phycol 2012; 48:467-470. [PMID: 27009735 DOI: 10.1111/j.1529-8817.2012.01121.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Photosynthetic characteristics of four Porphyra yezoensis Ueda [a taxonomic synonym of Pyropia yezoensis (Ueda) M. S. Hwang et H. G. Choi] strains in conchocelis phase were investigated and compared with one wildtype of P. yezoensis and two strains of Porphyra haitanensis T. J. Chang et B. F. Zheng [a taxonomic synonym of Pyropia haitanensis (T. J. Chang et B. F. Zheng) N. Kikuchi et M. Miyata]. Results showed that experimental strains had higher contents of chl a and carotenoids, but a lower content of total phycobiliproteins than the wildtype. Meanwhile, photochemical efficiency of PSII was measured using pulse amplitude modulation (PAM) fluorometry technology. The value of PSII photosynthetic parameters of P. yezoensis strains were all higher than the wild strain, and the maximal quantum yields (Fv /Fm ), effective quantum yields Y(II), and relative photosynthetic electron transport rates (rETR) of P. haitanensis were higher than those of P. yezoensis. The present study verified the possibility of selective breeding of P. yezoensis using the filamentous sporophyte instead of the gametophytic thallus, the advantages being (i) nonrequirement of control of life cycle and (ii) direct and rapid cultivar improvement by artificial selection. We consider the method to be a promising technique for selective breeding of P. yezoensis cultivars.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Xu
- Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao 266071, ChinaShandong Marine Fisheries Research Institute, Yantai 264006, ChinaChangshu Institute of Technology, Changshu 215500, ChinaQingdao University of Science & Technology, Qingdao 266042, China Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Hongjin Qiao
- Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao 266071, ChinaShandong Marine Fisheries Research Institute, Yantai 264006, ChinaChangshu Institute of Technology, Changshu 215500, ChinaQingdao University of Science & Technology, Qingdao 266042, China Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Jianyi Zhu
- Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao 266071, ChinaShandong Marine Fisheries Research Institute, Yantai 264006, ChinaChangshu Institute of Technology, Changshu 215500, ChinaQingdao University of Science & Technology, Qingdao 266042, China Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Pu Xu
- Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao 266071, ChinaShandong Marine Fisheries Research Institute, Yantai 264006, ChinaChangshu Institute of Technology, Changshu 215500, ChinaQingdao University of Science & Technology, Qingdao 266042, China Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Chengwei Liang
- Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao 266071, ChinaShandong Marine Fisheries Research Institute, Yantai 264006, ChinaChangshu Institute of Technology, Changshu 215500, ChinaQingdao University of Science & Technology, Qingdao 266042, China Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Xiaowen Zhang
- Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao 266071, ChinaShandong Marine Fisheries Research Institute, Yantai 264006, ChinaChangshu Institute of Technology, Changshu 215500, ChinaQingdao University of Science & Technology, Qingdao 266042, China Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Naihao Ye
- Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao 266071, ChinaShandong Marine Fisheries Research Institute, Yantai 264006, ChinaChangshu Institute of Technology, Changshu 215500, ChinaQingdao University of Science & Technology, Qingdao 266042, China Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Wanxin Yang
- Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao 266071, ChinaShandong Marine Fisheries Research Institute, Yantai 264006, ChinaChangshu Institute of Technology, Changshu 215500, ChinaQingdao University of Science & Technology, Qingdao 266042, China Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China
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