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Procházková L, Remias D, Nedbalová L, Raymond JA. A DUF3494 ice-binding protein with a root cap domain in a streptophyte glacier ice alga. Front Plant Sci 2024; 14:1306511. [PMID: 38250448 PMCID: PMC10796529 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1306511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2023] [Accepted: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/23/2024]
Abstract
Ice-binding proteins (IBPs) of the DUF3494 type have been found in many ice-associated unicellular photoautotrophs, including chlorophytes, haptophytes, diatoms and a cyanobacterium. Unrelated IBPs have been found in many land plants (streptophytes). Here we looked for IBPs in two streptophyte algae that grow only on glaciers, a group in which IBPs have not previously been examined. The two species, Ancylonema nordenskioeldii and Ancylonema. alaskanum, belong to the class Zygnematophyceae, whose members are the closest relatives to all land plants. We found that one of them, A. nordenskioeldii, expresses a DUF3494-type IBP that is similar to those of their chlorophyte ancestors and that has not previously been found in any streptophytes. The protein is unusual in having what appears to be a perfect array of TXT motifs that have been implicated in water or ice binding. The IBP strongly binds to ice and almost certainly has a role in mitigating the daily freeze-thaw cycles that the alga is exposed to during late summer. No IBP was found in the second species, A. alaskanum, which may rely more on glycerol production for its freeze-thaw tolerance. The IBP is also unusual in having a 280-residue domain with a β sandwich structure (which we designate as the DPH domain) that is characteristic of root cap proteins of land plants, and that may have a role in forming IBP oligomers. We also examined existing transcriptome data obtained from land plants to better understand the tissue and temperature dependence of expression of this domain.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Daniel Remias
- Department of Environment and Biodiversity, Paris Lodron University Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria
| | | | - James A. Raymond
- School of Life Sciences, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, Las Vegas, NV, United States
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Remias D, Procházková L, Nedbalová L, Benning LG, Lutz S. Novel insights in cryptic diversity of snow and glacier ice algae communities combining 18S rRNA gene and ITS2 amplicon sequencing. FEMS Microbiol Ecol 2023; 99:fiad134. [PMID: 37880981 PMCID: PMC10659120 DOI: 10.1093/femsec/fiad134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2023] [Revised: 10/13/2023] [Accepted: 10/23/2023] [Indexed: 10/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Melting snow and glacier surfaces host microalgal blooms in polar and mountainous regions. The aim of this study was to determine the dominant taxa at the species level in the European Arctic and the Alps. A standardized protocol for amplicon metabarcoding using the 18S rRNA gene and ITS2 markers was developed. This is important because previous biodiversity studies have been hampered by the dominance of closely related algal taxa in snow and ice. Due to the limited resolution of partial 18S rRNA Illumina sequences, the hypervariable ITS2 region was used to further discriminate between the genotypes. Our results show that red snow was caused by the cosmopolitan Sanguina nivaloides (Chlamydomonadales, Chlorophyta) and two as of yet undescribed Sanguina species. Arctic orange snow was dominated by S. aurantia, which was not found in the Alps. On glaciers, at least three Ancylonema species (Zygnematales, Streptophyta) dominated. Golden-brown blooms consisted of Hydrurus spp. (Hydrurales, Stramenophiles) and these were mainly an Arctic phenomenon. For chrysophytes, only the 18S rRNA gene but not ITS2 sequences were amplified, showcasing how delicate the selection of eukaryotic 'universal' primers for community studies is and that primer specificity will affect diversity results dramatically. We propose our approach as a 'best practice'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Remias
- Paris Lodron University of Salzburg, Department of Ecology and Biodiversity, Hellbrunnerstr. 34, 5020 Salzburg, Austria
- University of Applied Sciences Upper Austria, Stelzhamerstr. 23, 4600 Wels, Austria
| | - Lenka Procházková
- Charles University, Faculty of Science, Department of Ecology, Viničná 7, 128 44 Praha, Czech Republic
| | - Linda Nedbalová
- Charles University, Faculty of Science, Department of Ecology, Viničná 7, 128 44 Praha, Czech Republic
| | - Liane G Benning
- German Research Centre for Geoscience, GFZ, 14473 Potsdam, Germany
- Department of Earth Sciences, Freie Universität Berlin, 12249 Berlin, Germany
| | - Stefanie Lutz
- German Research Centre for Geoscience, GFZ, 14473 Potsdam, Germany
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Němečková K, Mareš J, Procházková L, Culka A, Košek F, Wierzchos J, Nedbalová L, Dudák J, Tymlová V, Žemlička J, Kust A, Zima J, Nováková E, Jehlička J. Gypsum endolithic phototrophs under moderate climate (Southern Sicily): their diversity and pigment composition. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1175066. [PMID: 37485515 PMCID: PMC10359912 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1175066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2023] [Accepted: 05/15/2023] [Indexed: 07/25/2023] Open
Abstract
In this study, we used microscopic, spectroscopic, and molecular analysis to characterize endolithic colonization in gypsum (selenites and white crystalline gypsum) from several sites in Sicily. Our results showed that the dominant microorganisms in these environments are cyanobacteria, including: Chroococcidiopsis sp., Gloeocapsopsis pleurocapsoides, Gloeocapsa compacta, and Nostoc sp., as well as orange pigmented green microalgae from the Stephanospherinia clade. Single cell and filament sequencing coupled with 16S rRNA amplicon metagenomic profiling provided new insights into the phylogenetic and taxonomic diversity of the endolithic cyanobacteria. These organisms form differently pigmented zones within the gypsum. Our metagenomic profiling also showed differences in the taxonomic composition of endoliths in different gypsum varieties. Raman spectroscopy revealed that carotenoids were the most common pigments present in the samples. Other pigments such as gloeocapsin and scytonemin were also detected in the near-surface areas, suggesting that they play a significant role in the biology of endoliths in this environment. These pigments can be used as biomarkers for basic taxonomic identification, especially in case of cyanobacteria. The findings of this study provide new insights into the diversity and distribution of phototrophic microorganisms and their pigments in gypsum in Southern Sicily. Furthemore, this study highlights the complex nature of endolithic ecosystems and the effects of gypsum varieties on these communities, providing additional information on the general bioreceptivity of these environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kateřina Němečková
- Institute of Geochemistry, Mineralogy and Mineral Resources, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague, Czechia
| | - Jan Mareš
- Institute of Hydrobiology, Biology Centre of the Czech Academy of Sciences, České Budějovice, Czechia
- Center Algatech, Institute of Microbiology, The Czech Academy of Sciences, Třeboň, Czechia
| | - Lenka Procházková
- Department of Ecology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague, Czechia
| | - Adam Culka
- Institute of Geochemistry, Mineralogy and Mineral Resources, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague, Czechia
| | - Filip Košek
- Institute of Geochemistry, Mineralogy and Mineral Resources, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague, Czechia
| | - Jacek Wierzchos
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbial Ecology, Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales - Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Madrid, Spain
| | - Linda Nedbalová
- Department of Ecology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague, Czechia
| | - Jan Dudák
- Institute of Experimental and Applied Physics, Czech Technical University in Prague, Prague, Czechia
| | - Veronika Tymlová
- Institute of Experimental and Applied Physics, Czech Technical University in Prague, Prague, Czechia
| | - Jan Žemlička
- Institute of Experimental and Applied Physics, Czech Technical University in Prague, Prague, Czechia
| | - Andreja Kust
- Department of Earth and Planetary Science, University of Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, United States
- Innovative Genomics Institute, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, United States
| | - Jan Zima
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, České Budějovice, Czechia
| | - Eva Nováková
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, České Budějovice, Czechia
| | - Jan Jehlička
- Institute of Geochemistry, Mineralogy and Mineral Resources, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague, Czechia
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Suzuki H, Détain A, Park Y, Kiron V, Wijffels RH, Leborgne-Castel N, Procházková L, Hulatt CJ. Phylogeny and lipid profiles of snow-algae isolated from Norwegian red-snow microbiomes. FEMS Microbiol Ecol 2023:7179409. [PMID: 37226528 DOI: 10.1093/femsec/fiad057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Snow algae blooms often form green or red colored patches in melting alpine and polar snowfields worldwide, yet little is known about their biology, biogeography, and species diversity. We investigated eight isolates collected from red snow in northern Norway, using a combination of morphology, 18S rDNA and internal transcribed spacer 2 (ITS2) genetic markers. Phylogenetic and ITS2 rRNA secondary structure analyses assigned six isolates to the species Raphidonema nivale, Deuterostichococcus epilithicus, Chloromonas reticulata and Xanthonema bristolianum. Two novel isolates belonging to the family Stichococcaceae (ARK-S05-19) and the genus Chloromonas (ARK-S08-19) were identified as potentially new species. In laboratory cultivation, differences in the growth rate and fatty acid profiles were observed between the strains. Chlorophyta were characterized by abundant C18:3n-3 fatty-acids with increases in C18:1n-9 in the stationary phase, whilst Xanthonema (Ochrophyta) was characterized by a large proportion of C20:5n-3, with increases in C16:1n-7 in the stationary phase. In a further experiment, lipid droplet formation was studied in Chloromonas reticulata at the single-cell level using imaging flow cytometry. Our study establishes new cultures of snow algae, reveals novel data on their biodiversity and biogeography, and provides an initial characterization of physiological traits that shape natural communities and their ecophysiological properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hirono Suzuki
- Faculty of Biosciences and Aquaculture, Nord University, Bodø, Norway
| | - Alexandre Détain
- Faculty of Biosciences and Aquaculture, Nord University, Bodø, Norway
| | - Youngjin Park
- Faculty of Biosciences and Aquaculture, Nord University, Bodø, Norway
| | - Viswanath Kiron
- Faculty of Biosciences and Aquaculture, Nord University, Bodø, Norway
| | - René H Wijffels
- Faculty of Biosciences and Aquaculture, Nord University, Bodø, Norway
- Bioprocess Engineering, AlgaePARC, Wageningen University, Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | | | - Lenka Procházková
- Department of Ecology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Viničná, Prague, Czech Republic
- Centre for Phycology, Institute of Botany of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Dukelská, Třeboň, Czech Republic
| | - Chris J Hulatt
- Faculty of Biosciences and Aquaculture, Nord University, Bodø, Norway
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Procházková L, Matsuzaki R, Řezanka T, Nedbalová L, Remias D. The snow alga Chloromonas kaweckae sp. nov. (Volvocales, Chlorophyta) causes green surface blooms in the high tatras (Slovakia) and tolerates high irradiance. J Phycol 2023; 59:236-248. [PMID: 36461636 PMCID: PMC10946730 DOI: 10.1111/jpy.13307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2022] [Accepted: 11/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Seasonally slowly melting mountain snowfields are populated by extremophilic microalgae. In alpine habitats, high-light sensitive, green phytoflagellates are usually observed in subsurface layers deeper in the snowpack under dim conditions, while robust orange to reddish cyst stages can be seen exposed on the surface. In this study, uncommon surface green snow was investigated in the High Tatra Mountains (Slovakia). The monospecific community found in the green surface bloom consisted of vegetative Chloromonas cells (Volvocales, Chlorophyta). Molecular data demonstrated that the field sample and the strain isolated and established from the bloom were conspecific, and they represent a new species, Chloromonas kaweckae sp. nov., which is described based on the morphology of the vegetative cells and asexual reproduction and on molecular analyses of the strain. Cells of C. kaweckae accumulated approximately 50% polyunsaturated fatty acids, which is advantageous at low temperatures. In addition, this new species performed active photosynthesis at temperatures close to the freezing point showed a light compensation point of 126 ± 22 μmol photons · m-2 · s-1 and some signs of photoinhibition at irradiances greater than 600 μmol photons · m-2 · s-1 . These data indicate that the photosynthetic apparatus of C. kaweckae could be regarded as adapted to relatively high light intensities, otherwise unusual for most flagellate stages of snow algae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lenka Procházková
- Department of EcologyCharles University, Faculty of SciencePrague128 44Czech Republic
- The Czech Academy of Sciences, Institute of Botany, Centre for PhycologyDukelská 135379 82TřeboňCzech Republic
| | - Ryo Matsuzaki
- University of Tsukuba, Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences1–1–1 TennodaiTsukubaIbaraki305–8572Japan
- National Institute for Environmental Studies, Biodiversity Division16‐2 OnogawaTsukubaIbaraki305‐8506Japan
| | - Tomáš Řezanka
- The Czech Academy of SciencesInstitute of MicrobiologyVídeňská 1083Prague142 20Czech Republic
| | - Linda Nedbalová
- Department of EcologyCharles University, Faculty of SciencePrague128 44Czech Republic
- The Czech Academy of Sciences, Institute of Botany, Centre for PhycologyDukelská 135379 82TřeboňCzech Republic
| | - Daniel Remias
- University of Applied Sciences Upper Austria, School of EngineeringStelzhamerstr. 23Wels4600Austria
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Nicoletti C, Procházková L, Nedbalová L, Mócsai R, Altmann F, Holzinger A, Remias D. Thorsmoerkia curvula gen. et spec. nov. (Trebouxiophyceae, Chlorophyta), a semi-terrestrial microalga from Iceland exhibits high levels of unsaturated fatty acids. J Appl Phycol 2021; 33:3671-3682. [PMID: 35309180 PMCID: PMC7612509 DOI: 10.1007/s10811-021-02577-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2021] [Revised: 07/23/2021] [Accepted: 07/23/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
A terrestrial green alga was isolated at Iceland, and the strain (SAG 2627) was described for its morphology and phylogenetic position and tested for biotechnological capabilities. Cells had a distinctly curved, crescent shape with conical poles and a single parietal chloroplast. Phylogenetic analyses of 18S rDNA and rbcL markers placed the strain into the Trebouxiophyceae (Chlorophyta). The alga turned out to belong to an independent lineage without an obvious sister group within the Trebouxiophyceae. Based on morphological and phylogenetic data, the strain was described as a new genus and species, Thorsmoerkia curvula gen. et sp. nov. Biomass was generated in column reactors and subsequently screened for promising metabolites. Growth was optimized by pH-regulated, episodic CO2 supplement during the logarithmic growth-phase, and half of the biomass was thereafter exposed to nitrogen and phosphate depletion. The biomass yield reached up to 53.5 mg L-1 day-1. Fatty acid (FA) production peaked at 24 mg L-1 day-1 and up to 83% of all FAs were unsaturated. At the end of the log phase, approximately 45% of dry mass were lipids, including eicosapentaenoic acid. Carotenoid production reached up to 2.94 mg L-1 day-1 but it was halted during the stress phase. The N-linked glycans of glycoproteins were assessed to reveal chemotaxonomic patterns. The study demonstrated that new microalgae can be found at Iceland, potentially suitable for applied purposes. The advantage of T. curvula is its robustness and that significant amounts of lipids are already accumulated during log phase, making a subsequent stress exposure dispensable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cecilia Nicoletti
- School of Engineering, University of Applied Sciences Upper Austria, Stelzhamerstr. 23, 4600 Wels, Austria
| | - Lenka Procházková
- Department of Ecology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Viničná 7, 12844 Prague, Czech Republic
- Centre for Phycology, Institute of Botany of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Dukelská 135, 37982 Třeboň, Czech Republic
| | - Linda Nedbalová
- Department of Ecology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Viničná 7, 12844 Prague, Czech Republic
- Centre for Phycology, Institute of Botany of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Dukelská 135, 37982 Třeboň, Czech Republic
| | - Réka Mócsai
- Department of Chemistry, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Muthgasse 19, 1190 Vienna, Austria
| | - Friedrich Altmann
- Department of Chemistry, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Muthgasse 19, 1190 Vienna, Austria
| | - Andreas Holzinger
- Department of Botany, University of Innsbruck, Sternwartestraße 15, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Daniel Remias
- School of Engineering, University of Applied Sciences Upper Austria, Stelzhamerstr. 23, 4600 Wels, Austria
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Nakashima T, Uetake J, Segawa T, Procházková L, Tsushima A, Takeuchi N. Spatial and Temporal Variations in Pigment and Species Compositions of Snow Algae on Mt. Tateyama in Toyama Prefecture, Japan. Front Plant Sci 2021; 12:689119. [PMID: 34290725 PMCID: PMC8289405 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.689119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Accepted: 05/31/2021] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Snow algae are photosynthetic microbes that inhabit the melting snow surface in alpine and polar regions. We analyzed the pigment and species composition of colored snow collected on Mt. Tateyama in Japan during the melting seasons of 2015 and 2016. High-performance liquid chromatographic analyses of the pigments extracted from the colored snow showed that their composition varied within the study area and were classified into four types: Type A (astaxanthin-monoester dominant), Type B (medium astaxanthin-monoester content), Type C (abundant primary carotenoids and free-astaxanthin), and Type D (abundant primary carotenoids and astaxanthin diesters). Types A and B were most commonly observed in the study area, whereas Types C and D appeared only at specific sites. Analysis of the 18S ribosomal RNA (18S rRNA) gene revealed six major amplicon sequence variants (ASVs) of snow algae, belonging to the Sanguina, Chloromonas, and Chlainomonas groups. The relative abundance of the algal ASVs showed that Sanguina was dominant (>48%) in both Types A and B, suggesting that the difference in astaxanthin abundance between the two types was caused by the production of pigments in the algal cells. The algal community structures of Types C and D differed from those of Types A and B, indicating that the primary carotenoids and astaxanthin diesters were derived from certain algal species in these types. Therefore, astaxanthin-rich Sanguina algae mostly induced the red snow that appeared widely in this alpine area; however, they were partially dominated by Chloromonas or Chlainomonas algae, causing different pigment compositions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jun Uetake
- Field Science Center for Northern Biosphere, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Takahiro Segawa
- Center for Life Science Research, University of Yamanashi, Kofu, Japan
| | - Lenka Procházková
- Department of Ecology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague, Czechia
| | - Akane Tsushima
- Graduate School of Science, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
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Procházková L, Řezanka T, Nedbalová L, Remias D. Unicellular versus Filamentous: The Glacial Alga Ancylonema alaskana comb. et stat. nov. and Its Ecophysiological Relatedness to Ancylonema nordenskioeldii (Zygnematophyceae, Streptophyta). Microorganisms 2021; 9:1103. [PMID: 34065466 PMCID: PMC8161032 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms9051103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2021] [Revised: 05/15/2021] [Accepted: 05/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Melting polar and alpine ice surfaces frequently exhibit blooms of dark pigmented algae. These microbial extremophiles significantly reduce the surface albedo of glaciers, thus accelerating melt rates. However, the ecology, physiology and taxonomy of cryoflora are not yet fully understood. Here, a Swiss and an Austrian glacier dominated either by filamentous Ancylonema nordenskioeldii or unicellular Mesotaenium berggrenii var. alaskanum, were sampled. Molecular analysis showed that both species are closely related, sharing identical chloroplast morphologies (parietal-lobed for Ancylonema vs. axial plate-like for Mesotaenium sensu stricto), thus the unicellular species was renamed Ancylonema alaskana. Moreover, an ecophysiological comparison of the two species was performed: pulse-amplitude modulated (PAM) fluorometry confirmed that they have a high tolerance to elevated solar irradiation, the physiological light preferences reflected the conditions in the original habitat; nonetheless, A. nordenskioeldii was adapted to higher irradiances while the photosystems of A. alaskana were able to use efficiently low irradiances. Additionally, the main vacuolar polyphenol, which effectively shields the photosystems, was identical in both species. Also, about half of the cellular fatty acids were polyunsaturated, and the lipidome profiles dominated by triacylglycerols were very similar. The results indicate that A. alaskana is physiologically very similar and closely related but genetically distinct to A. nordenskioeldii.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lenka Procházková
- Department of Ecology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Viničná 7, 128 44 Prague, Czech Republic;
| | - Tomáš Řezanka
- Institute of Microbiology, The Czech Academy of Sciences, Vídeňská 1083, 142 20 Prague, Czech Republic;
| | - Linda Nedbalová
- Department of Ecology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Viničná 7, 128 44 Prague, Czech Republic;
- Centre for Phycology, Institute of Botany of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Dukelská 135, 379 82 Třeboň, Czech Republic
| | - Daniel Remias
- School of Engineering, University of Applied Sciences Upper Austria, Stelzhamerstr. 23, 4600 Wels, Austria
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Procházková L, Remias D, Bilger W, Křížková H, Řezanka T, Nedbalová L. Cysts of the Snow Alga Chloromonas krienitzii (Chlorophyceae) Show Increased Tolerance to Ultraviolet Radiation and Elevated Visible Light. Front Plant Sci 2020; 11:617250. [PMID: 33391329 PMCID: PMC7773729 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2020.617250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2020] [Accepted: 11/30/2020] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Melting mountainous snowfields are populated by extremophilic microorganisms. An alga causing orange snow above timberline in the High Tatra Mountains (Poland) was characterised using multiple methods examining its ultrastructure, genetics, life cycle, photosynthesis and ecophysiology. Based on light and electron microscopy and ITS2 rDNA, the species was identified as Chloromonas krienitzii (Chlorophyceae). Recently, the taxon was described from Japan. However, cellular adaptations to its harsh environment and details about the life cycle were so far unknown. In this study, the snow surface population consisted of egg-shaped cysts containing large numbers of lipid bodies filled presumably with the secondary carotenoid astaxanthin. The outer, spiked cell wall was shed during cell maturation. Before this developmental step, the cysts resembled a different snow alga, Chloromonas brevispina. The remaining, long-lasting smooth cell wall showed a striking UV-induced blue autofluorescence, indicating the presence of short wavelengths absorbing, protective compounds, potentially sporopollenin containing polyphenolic components. Applying a chlorophyll fluorescence assay on intact cells, a significant UV-A and UV-B screening capability of about 30 and 50%, respectively, was measured. Moreover, intracellular secondary carotenoids were responsible for a reduction of blue-green light absorbed by chloroplasts by about 50%. These results revealed the high capacity of cysts to reduce the impact of harmful UV and high visible irradiation to the chloroplast and nucleus when exposed at alpine snow surfaces during melting. Consistently, the observed photosynthetic performance of photosystem II (evaluated by fluorometry) showed no decline up to 2100 μmol photons m-2 s-1. Cysts accumulated high contents of polyunsaturated fatty acids (about 60% of fatty acids), which are advantageous at low temperatures. In the course of this study, C. krienitzii was found also in Slovakia, Italy, Greece and the United States, indicating a widespread distribution in the Northern Hemisphere.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Daniel Remias
- School of Engineering, University of Applied Sciences Upper Austria, Wels, Austria
| | - Wolfgang Bilger
- Botanical Institute, Christian-Albrechts-University Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Heda Křížková
- Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague, Czechia
| | - Tomáš Řezanka
- Institute of Microbiology, The Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czechia
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Procházková L, Remias D, Holzinger A, Řezanka T, Nedbalová L. Ecophysiological and ultrastructural characterisation of the circumpolar orange snow alga Sanguina aurantia compared to the cosmopolitan red snow alga Sanguina nivaloides (Chlorophyta). Polar Biol 2020; 44:105-117. [PMID: 33519055 PMCID: PMC7819945 DOI: 10.1007/s00300-020-02778-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2020] [Revised: 11/18/2020] [Accepted: 11/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Red snow caused by spherical cysts can be found worldwide, while an orange snow phenomenon caused by spherical cells is restricted to (Sub-)Arctic climates. Both bloom types, occurring in the same localities at Svalbard, were compared ecophysiologically. Using a combination of molecular markers and light- and transmission electron microscopy, cells were identified as Sanguina nivaloides and Sanguina aurantia (Chlorophyceae). In search for reasons for a cosmopolitan vs. a more restricted distribution of these microbes, significant differences in fatty acid and pigment profiles of field samples were found. S. aurantia accumulated much lower levels of polyunsaturated fatty acids (21% vs. 48% of total fatty acids) and exhibited lower astaxanthin-to-chlorophyll-a ratio (2-8 vs. 12-18). These compounds play an important role in adaptation to extreme conditions at the snow surface and within snow drifts. Accordingly, the performance of photosystem II showed that one third to nearly half of the photosynthetic active irradiation was sufficient in S. aurantia, compared to S. nivaloides, to become light saturated. Furthermore, formation of plastoglobules observed in S. nivaloides but missing in S. aurantia may contribute to photoprotection. The rapid light curves of the two species show to a certain extent the shade-adapted photosynthesis under the light conditions at Svalbard (high α-value 0.16 vs. 0.11, low saturation point I k 59 vs. 86). These results indicate significant physiological and ultrastructural differences of the two genetically closely related cryoflora species, but the reasons why S. aurantia has not been found at conditions outside (Sub-)Arctic climate types remain unknown. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION The online version of this article (10.1007/s00300-020-02778-0) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorised users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lenka Procházková
- Department of Ecology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Viničná 7, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Daniel Remias
- School of Engineering, University of Applied Sciences Upper Austria, Stelzhamerstr. 23, 4600 Wels, Austria
| | - Andreas Holzinger
- Functional Plant Biology, Department of Botany, University of Innsbruck, Sternwartestraße 15, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Tomáš Řezanka
- Institute of Microbiology, The Czech Academy of Sciences, Vídeňská 1083, 142 20 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Linda Nedbalová
- Department of Ecology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Viničná 7, Prague, Czech Republic
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Remias D, Nicoletti C, Krennhuber K, Möderndorfer B, Nedbalová L, Procházková L. Growth, fatty, and amino acid profiles of the soil alga Vischeria sp. E71.10 (Eustigmatophyceae) under different cultivation conditions. Folia Microbiol (Praha) 2020; 65:1017-1023. [PMID: 32696198 PMCID: PMC7716935 DOI: 10.1007/s12223-020-00810-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2020] [Accepted: 07/08/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
In this study, a unicellular soil alga isolated from farmland in Germany was surveyed. The investigation of the hypervariable molecular markers ITS1 rDNA and ITS2 rDNA identified strain E71.10 as conspecific with Vischeria sp. SAG 51.91 (Eustigmatophyceae). The culture was tested for biomass generation and for the yield of fatty acids and amino acids. The survey included four different culture conditions (conventional, elevated CO2, nitrogen depletion, or sodium chloride stress) at room temperature. The best yield of dry biomass was achieved applying 1% CO2, whereas nitrogen-free medium resulted into least growth. The fatty acid content peaked in nitrogen-free medium at 59% per dry mass. Eicosapentaenoic acid was the most abundant fatty acid in all treatments (except for nitrogen free), accounting for 10.44 to 16.72 g/100 g dry mass. The highest content of amino acids (20%) was achieved under conventional conditions. The results show that abiotic factors strongly influence to which extent metabolites are intracellularly stored and they confirm also for this yet undescribed strain of Vischeria that Eustigmatophyceae are promising candidates for biotechnology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Remias
- School of Engineering, University of Applied Sciences Upper Austria, 4600, Wels, Austria.
| | - Cecilia Nicoletti
- School of Engineering, University of Applied Sciences Upper Austria, 4600, Wels, Austria
| | - Klaus Krennhuber
- School of Engineering, University of Applied Sciences Upper Austria, 4600, Wels, Austria
| | - Bettina Möderndorfer
- School of Engineering, University of Applied Sciences Upper Austria, 4600, Wels, Austria
| | - Linda Nedbalová
- Department of Ecology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, 12843, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Lenka Procházková
- Department of Ecology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, 12843, Prague, Czech Republic
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Procházková L, Leya T, Křížková H, Nedbalová L. Sanguina nivaloides and Sanguina aurantia gen. et spp. nov. (Chlorophyta): the taxonomy, phylogeny, biogeography and ecology of two newly recognised algae causing red and orange snow. FEMS Microbiol Ecol 2020; 95:5487888. [PMID: 31074825 PMCID: PMC6545352 DOI: 10.1093/femsec/fiz064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2018] [Accepted: 05/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Melting snowfields in polar and alpine regions often exhibit a red and orange colouration caused by microalgae. The diversity of these organisms is still poorly understood. We applied a polyphasic approach using three molecular markers and light and electron microscopy to investigate spherical cysts sampled from alpine mountains in Europe, North America and South America as well as from both polar regions. Molecular analyses revealed the presence of a single independent lineage within the Chlamydomonadales. The genus Sanguina is described, with Sanguina nivaloides as its type. It is distinguishable from other red cysts forming alga by the number of cell wall layers, cell size, cell surface morphology and habitat preference. Sanguina nivaloides is a diverse species containing a total of 18 haplotypes according to nuclear ribosomal DNA internal transcribed spacer 2, with low nucleotide divergence (≤3.5%). Based on molecular data we demonstrate that it has a cosmopolitan distribution with an absence of geographical structuring, indicating an effective dispersal strategy with the cysts being transported all around the globe, including trans-equatorially. Additionally, Sanguina aurantia is described, with small spherical orange cysts often clustered by means of mucilaginous sheaths, and causing orange blooms in snow in subarctic and Arctic regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lenka Procházková
- Charles University, Faculty of Science, Department of Ecology, Viničná 7, 128 44 Prague 2, Czech Republic
| | - Thomas Leya
- Fraunhofer Institute for Cell Therapy and Immunology, Branch Bioanalytics and Bioprocesses IZI-BB, Extremophile Research & Biobank CCCryo, Am Muehlenberg 13, 14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany
| | - Heda Křížková
- Charles University, Faculty of Science, Department of Ecology, Viničná 7, 128 44 Prague 2, Czech Republic
| | - Linda Nedbalová
- Charles University, Faculty of Science, Department of Ecology, Viničná 7, 128 44 Prague 2, Czech Republic.,The Czech Academy of Sciences, Institute of Botany, Dukelská 135, Třeboň, 379 82, Czech Republic
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Remias D, Procházková L, Nedbalová L, Andersen RA, Valentin K. Two New Kremastochrysopsis species, K. austriaca sp. nov. and K. americana sp. nov. (Chrysophyceae) 1. J Phycol 2020; 56:135-145. [PMID: 31639884 PMCID: PMC7054049 DOI: 10.1111/jpy.12937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2019] [Accepted: 09/10/2019] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Melting summer snow in the Austrian Alps exhibited a yellowish bloom that was mainly comprised of an unidentified unicellular chrysophyte. Molecular data (18S rRNA and rbcL genes) showed a close relationship to published sequences from an American pond alga formerly identified as Kremastochrysis sp. The genera Kremastochrysis and Kremastochrysopsis are morphologically distinguished by the number of flagella observed with the light microscope, and therefore we assigned the Austrian snow alga and an American pond alga to the genus Kremastochrysopsis. Transmission and scanning electron microscopy revealed that swimming cells had two flagella oriented in opposite directions, typical for the Hibberdiales. Molecular phylogenetic analyses showed that both new species were closely related to Hibberdia. Kremastochrysopsis ocellata, the type species and only known species, has two chloroplasts per cell and the zoospores have red eyespots. Our two organisms had only a single chloroplast and no zoospore eyespot, but their gene sequences differed substantially. Therefore, we described two new species, Kremastochrysopsis austriaca sp. nov and Kremstochrysopsis americana sp. nov. When grown in culture, both taxa showed a characteristic hyponeustonic growth (hanging below the water surface), whereas older immotile cells grew at the bottom of the culture vessel. Ecologically, Kremastochrysopsis austriaca sp. nov., which caused snow discolorations, had no close phylogenetic relationships to other psychrophilic chrysophytes, for example, Chromulina chionophilia, Hydrurus sp., and Ochromonas-like flagellates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Remias
- School of EngineeringUniversity of Applied Sciences Upper Austria4600WelsAustria
| | - Lenka Procházková
- Department of EcologyFaculty of ScienceCharles University12844PragueCzech Republic
| | - Linda Nedbalová
- Department of EcologyFaculty of ScienceCharles University12844PragueCzech Republic
| | - Robert A. Andersen
- Friday Harbor LaboratoriesUniversity of WashingtonFriday HarborWashingtonDC98250USA
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Lutz S, Procházková L, Benning LG, Nedbalová L, Remias D. Evaluating High-Throughput Sequencing Data of Microalgae Living in Melting Snow: Improvements and Limitations 1. Fottea (Praha) 2019; 19:115-131. [PMID: 33414851 PMCID: PMC7116558 DOI: 10.5507/fot.2019.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Melting snow fields are an extremophilic habitat dominated by closely related Chlamydomonadaceae (Chlorophyta). Microscopy-based classification of these cryophilic microalgae is challenging and may not reveal the true diversity. High-throughput sequencing (HTS) allows for a more comprehensive evaluation of the community. However, HTS approaches have been rarely used in such ecosystems and the output of their application has not been evaluated. Furthermore, there is no consensus on the choice for a suitable DNA marker or data processing workflow. We found that the correct placement of taxonomic strings onto OTUs strongly depends on the quality of the reference databases. We improved the assignments of the HST data by generating additional reference sequences of the locally abundant taxa, guided by light microscopy. Furthermore, a manual inspection of all automated OTU assignments, oligotyping of the most abundant 18S OTUs, as well as ITS2 secondary structure analyses were necessary for accurate species assignments. Moreover, the sole use of one marker can cause misleading results, either because of insufficient variability within the locus (18S) or the scarcity of reference sequences (ITS2). Our evaluation reveals that HTS output needs to be thoroughly checked when the studied habitats or organisms are poorly represented in publicly available databases. We recommend an optimized workflow for an improved biodiversity evaluation of not only snow algal communities, but generally 'exotic' ecosystems where similar problems arise. A consistent sampling strategy, two- molecular marker approach, light microscopy-based guidance, generation of appropriate reference sequences and final manual verification of all taxonomic assignments are highly recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Liane G. Benning
- GFZ German Research Centre for Geosciences, Telegrafenberg, 14473 Potsdam, Germany School of Earth & Environment, University of Leeds, Woodhouse Lane, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK Department of Earth Sciences, Free University of Berlin, 12249 Berlin, Germany
| | - Linda Nedbalová
- Department of Ecology, Faculty of Science, Charles University in Prague, Viničná 7, 128 44 Prague 2, Czech Republic
- The Czech Academy of Sciences, Institute of Botany, Dukelská 135, 379 82 Třeboň, Czech Republic
| | - Daniel Remias
- University of Applied Sciences Upper Austria, Stelzhamerstraße 23, 4600 Wels, Austria
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Procházková L, Remias D, Řezanka T, Nedbalová L. Ecophysiology of Chloromonas hindakii sp. nov. (Chlorophyceae), Causing Orange Snow Blooms at Different Light Conditions. Microorganisms 2019; 7:microorganisms7100434. [PMID: 31658718 PMCID: PMC6843554 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms7100434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2019] [Revised: 09/20/2019] [Accepted: 10/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Slowly melting snowfields in mountain and polar regions are habitats of snow algae. Orange blooms were sampled in three European mountain ranges. The cysts within the blooms morphologically resembled those of Chloromonas nivalis (Chlorophyceae). Molecular and morphological traits of field and cultured material showed that they represent a new species, Chloromonas hindakii sp. nov. The performance of photosystem II was evaluated by fluorometry. For the first time for a snow alga, cyst stages collected in a wide altitudinal gradient and the laboratory strain were compared. The results showed that cysts were well adapted to medium and high irradiance. Cysts from high light conditions became photoinhibited at three times higher irradiances (600 µmol photons m−2 s−1) than those from low light conditions, or likewise compared to cultured flagellates. Therefore, the physiologic light preferences reflected the conditions in the original habitat. A high content of polyunsaturated fatty acids (about 60% of total lipids) and the accumulation of the carotenoid astaxanthin was observed. They are regarded as adaptations to cope with extreme environmental conditions of snow that include low temperatures, freeze-thaw cycles, and variable light intensity. The intraspecific ability of adaptation of the photosynthetic apparatus to different irradiance regimes seems to be advantageous for thriving in different snow habitats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lenka Procházková
- Department of Ecology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Viničná 7, 12844 Prague, Czech Republic.
| | - Daniel Remias
- School of Engineering, University of Applied Sciences Upper Austria, Stelzhamerstr. 23, 4600 Wels, Austria.
| | - Tomáš Řezanka
- The Czech Academy of Sciences, Institute of Microbiology, Vídeňská 1083, 142 20 Prague, Czech Republic.
| | - Linda Nedbalová
- Department of Ecology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Viničná 7, 12844 Prague, Czech Republic.
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Procházková L, Vaněček V, Čuba V, Pjatkan R, Martinez-Turtos R, Jakubec I, Buryi M, Omelkov S, Auffray E, Lecoq P, Mihóková E, Nikl M. Core-shell ZnO:Ga-SiO 2 nanocrystals: limiting particle agglomeration and increasing luminescence via surface defect passivation. RSC Adv 2019; 9:28946-28952. [PMID: 35528437 PMCID: PMC9071835 DOI: 10.1039/c9ra04421c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2019] [Accepted: 09/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Heat treatment is needed to increase the luminescence intensity of ZnO:Ga particles, but it comes at the cost of higher particle agglomeration. Higher agglomeration results in low transparency of scintillating powder when embedded in a matrix and constitutes one of the biggest disadvantages, besides low light yield and low stopping power, of ZnO:Ga powder. Limiting ZnO:Ga particle size is therefore a key step in order to prepare highly luminescent and transparent composites with prospects for optical applications. In this work, SiO2 coating was successfully used to improve luminescence intensity or limitation of crystallite size growth during further annealing. Furthermore, ZnO:Ga and ZnO:Ga-SiO2 core-shells were embedded in a polystyrene matrix.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lenka Procházková
- Czech Technical University in Prague, Faculty of Nuclear Sciences and Physical Engineering Břehová 7 115 19 Czech Republic
- Institute of Physics of the AS CR v.v.i, Cukrovarnická 10 Prague 6 Czech Republic
| | - Vojtěch Vaněček
- Czech Technical University in Prague, Faculty of Nuclear Sciences and Physical Engineering Břehová 7 115 19 Czech Republic
| | - Václav Čuba
- Czech Technical University in Prague, Faculty of Nuclear Sciences and Physical Engineering Břehová 7 115 19 Czech Republic
| | - Radek Pjatkan
- NUVIA a.s. Trojanova street 117 278 01 Kralupy nad Vltavou Czech Reublic
| | | | - Ivo Jakubec
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences Řež 250 68 Husinec-Řež 1001 Czech Republic
| | - Maksym Buryi
- Institute of Physics of the AS CR v.v.i, Cukrovarnická 10 Prague 6 Czech Republic
| | - Sergey Omelkov
- Institute of Physics, University of Tartu W. Ostwaldi 1 50411 Tartu Estonia
| | | | | | - Eva Mihóková
- Czech Technical University in Prague, Faculty of Nuclear Sciences and Physical Engineering Břehová 7 115 19 Czech Republic
- Institute of Physics of the AS CR v.v.i, Cukrovarnická 10 Prague 6 Czech Republic
| | - Martin Nikl
- Institute of Physics of the AS CR v.v.i, Cukrovarnická 10 Prague 6 Czech Republic
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Osterrothová K, Culka A, Němečková K, Kaftan D, Nedbalová L, Procházková L, Jehlička J. Analyzing carotenoids of snow algae by Raman microspectroscopy and high-performance liquid chromatography. Spectrochim Acta A Mol Biomol Spectrosc 2019; 212:262-271. [PMID: 30658280 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2019.01.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2018] [Revised: 01/04/2019] [Accepted: 01/05/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
We tested the potential of Raman microspectroscopy to determine carotenoid pigments - both primary (lutein, beta-carotene) and secondary (astaxanthin) carotenoids - in the different species and life-cycle stages of snow algae from the order Chlamydomonadales (Chlorophyta). We compared the performance of Raman spectrometry to a reference method of biological pigment analysis, high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The three main carotenoid Raman bands of the astaxanthin-rich red cysts were located at 1520, 1156 and 1006 cm-1. The shifts (orange aplanozygotes and green motile cells with flagella) in the position of the ν1(CC) Raman band of the polyenic chain is consistent with the expected changes in the ratios of the various carotenoid pigments. Flagellated green cells commonly contain lutein as a major carotenoid, together with minor amounts of β‑carotene and varying amounts of antheraxanthin, violaxanthin and neoxanthin. Aplanozygotes contain mixtures of both primary and secondary carotenoids. In most cases, the ν1(CC) band is an overlapping set of bands, which is due to the signal of all carotenoid pigments in the sample, and a deconvolution along with the band position shifts (mainly ν1) could be used to characterize the mixture of carotenoids. However, the ability of Raman spectroscopy to discriminate between structurally slightly differing carotenoid pigments or several carotenoids in an admixture in an unknown biological system remains limited.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kateřina Osterrothová
- Institute of Geochemistry, Mineralogy and Mineral Resources, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Albertov 6, Prague 128 43, Czech Republic.
| | - Adam Culka
- Institute of Geochemistry, Mineralogy and Mineral Resources, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Albertov 6, Prague 128 43, Czech Republic
| | - Kateřina Němečková
- Institute of Geochemistry, Mineralogy and Mineral Resources, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Albertov 6, Prague 128 43, Czech Republic
| | - David Kaftan
- Center Algatech, Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Třeboň, Czech Republic; Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, České Budějovice, Czech Republic
| | - Linda Nedbalová
- Department of Ecology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Viničná 7, Prague 128 44, Czech Republic
| | - Lenka Procházková
- Department of Ecology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Viničná 7, Prague 128 44, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Jehlička
- Institute of Geochemistry, Mineralogy and Mineral Resources, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Albertov 6, Prague 128 43, Czech Republic
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Popovich K, Šípková M, Čuba V, Procházková L, Bárta J, Nikl M. Highly luminescent cerium-doped YSO/ LSO microcrystals prepared via room temperature sol-gel route. RADIAT MEAS 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.radmeas.2019.01.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Fišera O, Kareš J, Procházková L, Popovich K, Bárta J, Čuba V. Sorption properties of selected oxidic nanoparticles for the treatment of spent decontamination solutions based on citric acid. J Radioanal Nucl Chem 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s10967-018-6303-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Procházková L, Čuba V, Beitlerová A, Jarý V, Omelkov S, Nikl M. Ultrafast Zn(Cd,Mg)O:Ga nanoscintillators with luminescence tunable by band gap modulation. Opt Express 2018; 26:29482-29494. [PMID: 30470111 DOI: 10.1364/oe.26.029482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2018] [Accepted: 09/27/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Photo-induced synthesis was used for preparation of powder Zn(Cd,Mg)O:Ga scintillating nanocrystals featuring properties of solid solutions. Only ZnO phase was identified without any phase separation up to 10% of Cd after optimization of the preparation. Radioluminescence spectra show the exciton-related emission in UV spectral range with significant blue (ZnMgO:Ga) or red (ZnCdO:Ga) shifts. The emission wavelength is tunable by the Cd/Mg content. Defect-related emission is completely suppressed after treatment in reducing atmosphere. Photoluminescence and cathodoluminescence decays show extremely fast component. Subnanosecond decay together with band gap modulation make Zn(Cd,Mg)O:Ga good candidate for practical applications like X-ray induced photodynamic therapy (PDTX) or those requiring superfast timing.
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Procházková L, Remias D, Řezanka T, Nedbalová L. Chloromonas nivalis subsp. tatrae, subsp. nov. (Chlamydomonadales, Chlorophyta): re-examination of a snow alga from the High Tatra Mountains (Slovakia). Fottea (Praha) 2018; 18:1-18. [PMID: 30976329 DOI: 10.5507/fot.2017.010.chloromonas] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Melting snow fields populated by aplanozygotes of the genus Chloromonas (Chlamydomonadales, Chlorophyta) are found in polar and alpine habitats. In the High Tatra Mountains (Slovakia), cells causing blooms of brownish-red snow designated as Scotiella tatrae kol turned out to be genetically (18S, ITS1 and ITS2 rDNA, rbcL) very closely related to Chloromonas nivalis (Chodat) Hoham et Mullet from the Austrian Alps. Therefore, Sc. tatrae is transferred into the latter taxon and reduced to a subspecies as Cr. nivalis subsp. tatrae. Both exhibit a similar photosynthetic performance, thrive in similar habitats at open sites above timberline, but differ in astaxanthin accumulation and number of aplanozygote cell wall flanges. In a field sample of Cr. nivalis subsp. tatrae, polyunsaturated fatty acids formed nearly 50 % of total lipids, dominating in phospholipids and glycolipids. Cr. nivalis subsp. tatrae represents likely a variation of a common cryoflora species with distinct morphology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lenka Procházková
- Charles University, Faculty of Science, Department of Ecology, Viničná 7, CZ-128 44 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Daniel Remias
- University of Applied Sciences Upper Austria, Stelzhamerstraße 23, A-4600 Wels, Austria
| | - Tomáš Řezanka
- Institute of Microbiology CAS, Vídeňská 1083, CZ-142 20 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Linda Nedbalová
- Charles University, Faculty of Science, Department of Ecology, Viničná 7, CZ-128 44 Prague, Czech Republic
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Procházková L, Remias D, Řezanka T, Nedbalová L. Chloromonas nivalis subsp. tatrae, subsp. nov. (Chlamydomonadales, Chlorophyta): re-examination of a snow alga from the High Tatra Mountains (Slovakia). Fottea (Praha) 2018; 18:1-18. [PMID: 30976329 PMCID: PMC6456015 DOI: 10.5507/fot.2017.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Melting snow fields populated by aplanozygotes of the genus Chloromonas (Chlamydomonadales, Chlorophyta) are found in polar and alpine habitats. In the High Tatra Mountains (Slovakia), cells causing blooms of brownish-red snow designated as Scotiella tatrae kol turned out to be genetically (18S, ITS1 and ITS2 rDNA, rbcL) very closely related to Chloromonas nivalis (Chodat) Hoham et Mullet from the Austrian Alps. Therefore, Sc. tatrae is transferred into the latter taxon and reduced to a subspecies as Cr. nivalis subsp. tatrae. Both exhibit a similar photosynthetic performance, thrive in similar habitats at open sites above timberline, but differ in astaxanthin accumulation and number of aplanozygote cell wall flanges. In a field sample of Cr. nivalis subsp. tatrae, polyunsaturated fatty acids formed nearly 50 % of total lipids, dominating in phospholipids and glycolipids. Cr. nivalis subsp. tatrae represents likely a variation of a common cryoflora species with distinct morphology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lenka Procházková
- Charles University, Faculty of Science, Department of Ecology, Viničná 7, CZ–128 44 Prague, Czech Republic
- Corresponding author
| | - Daniel Remias
- University of Applied Sciences Upper Austria, Stelzhamerstraße 23, A–4600 Wels, Austria
| | - Tomáš Řezanka
- Institute of Microbiology CAS, Vídeňská 1083, CZ–142 20 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Linda Nedbalová
- Charles University, Faculty of Science, Department of Ecology, Viničná 7, CZ–128 44 Prague, Czech Republic
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Popovich K, Tomanová K, Čuba V, Procházková L, Pelikánová IT, Jakubec I, Mihóková E, Nikl M. LuAG:Pr 3+-porphyrin based nanohybrid system for singlet oxygen production: Toward the next generation of PDTX drugs. J Photochem Photobiol B 2018; 179:149-155. [PMID: 29413988 DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2018.01.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2017] [Revised: 01/02/2018] [Accepted: 01/16/2018] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
A highly prospective drug for the X-ray induced photodynamic therapy (PDTX), LuAG:Pr3+@SiO2-PpIX nanocomposite, was successfully prepared by a three step process: photo-induced precipitation of the Lu3Al5O12:Pr3+ (LuAG:Pr3+) core, sol-gel technique for amorphous silica coating, and a biofunctionalization by attaching the protoporphyrin IX (PpIX) molecules. The synthesis procedure provides three-layer nanocomposite with uniform shells covering an intensely luminescent core. Room temperature radioluminescence (RT RL) spectra as well as photoluminescence (RT PL) steady-state and time resolved spectra of the material confirm the non-radiative energy transfer from the core Pr3+ ions to the PpIX outer layer. First, excitation of Pr3+ ions results in the red luminescence of PpIX. Second, the decay measurements exhibit clear evidence of mentioned non-radiative energy transfer (ET). The singlet oxygen generation in the system was demonstrated by the 3'-(p-aminophenyl) fluorescein (APF) chemical probe sensitive to the singlet oxygen presence. The RT PL spectra of an X-ray irradiated material with the APF probe manifest the formation of singlet oxygen due to which enhanced luminescence around 530 nm is observed. Quenching studies, using NaN3 as an 1O2 inhibitor, also confirm the presence of 1O2 in the system and rule out the parasitic reaction with OH radicals. To summarize, presented features of LuAG:Pr3+@SiO2-PpIX nanocomposite indicate its considerable potential for PDTX application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kseniya Popovich
- Department of Nuclear Chemistry, Faculty of Nuclear Sciences and Physical Engineering, Czech Technical University in Prague, Břehová 7, Prague 115 19, Czech Republic
| | - Kateřina Tomanová
- Department of Nuclear Chemistry, Faculty of Nuclear Sciences and Physical Engineering, Czech Technical University in Prague, Břehová 7, Prague 115 19, Czech Republic; Department of Optical Materials, Institute of Physics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Cukrovarnická 10, Prague 162 53, Czech Republic
| | - Václav Čuba
- Department of Nuclear Chemistry, Faculty of Nuclear Sciences and Physical Engineering, Czech Technical University in Prague, Břehová 7, Prague 115 19, Czech Republic.
| | - Lenka Procházková
- Department of Nuclear Chemistry, Faculty of Nuclear Sciences and Physical Engineering, Czech Technical University in Prague, Břehová 7, Prague 115 19, Czech Republic; Department of Optical Materials, Institute of Physics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Cukrovarnická 10, Prague 162 53, Czech Republic
| | - Iveta Terezie Pelikánová
- Department of Nuclear Chemistry, Faculty of Nuclear Sciences and Physical Engineering, Czech Technical University in Prague, Břehová 7, Prague 115 19, Czech Republic
| | - Ivo Jakubec
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Husinec-Řež 1001, Řež 250 68, Czech Republic
| | - Eva Mihóková
- Department of Optical Materials, Institute of Physics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Cukrovarnická 10, Prague 162 53, Czech Republic
| | - Martin Nikl
- Department of Optical Materials, Institute of Physics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Cukrovarnická 10, Prague 162 53, Czech Republic
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Procházková L, Remias D, Holzinger A, Řezanka T, Nedbalová L. Ecophysiological and morphological comparison of two populations of Chlainomonas sp. (Chlorophyta) causing red snow on ice-covered lakes in the High Tatras and Austrian Alps. Eur J Phycol 2018; 53:230-243. [PMID: 29755214 PMCID: PMC5940174 DOI: 10.1080/09670262.2018.1426789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2017] [Revised: 11/13/2017] [Accepted: 11/16/2017] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Based on analyses of multiple molecular markers (18S rDNA, ITS1, ITS2 rDNA, rbcL), an alga that causes red snow on the melting ice cover of a high-alpine lake in the High Tatras (Slovakia) was shown to be identical with Chlainomonas sp. growing in a similar habitat in the Tyrolean Alps (Austria). Both populations consisted mostly of smooth-walled quadriflagellates. They occurred in slush, and shared similar photosynthetic performances (photoinhibition above 1300 µmol photons m-2 s-1), very high levels of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA, 64% and 74% respectively) and abundant astaxanthin accumulation, comparable to the red spores of Chlamydomonas nivalis (Bauer) Wille. Physiological differences between the Slovak and Austrian populations included higher levels of α-tocopherol and a 13Z-isomer of astaxanthin in the former. High accumulation of secondary pigments in the Slovak population probably reflected harsher environmental conditions, since the collection was made later in the growing season when cells were exposed to higher irradiance at the surface. Using a polyphasic approach, we compared Chlainomonas sp. with Chlamydomonas nivalis. The latter causes 'conventional' red snow, and shows high photophysiological plasticity, with high efficiency under low irradiance and no photoinhibition up to 2000 µmol photons m-2 s-1. Its PUFA content was significantly lower (50%). An annual cycle of lake-to-snow colonization by Chlainomonas sp. from slush layers deeper in the ice cover is proposed. Our results point to an ecologically highly specialized cryoflora species, whose global distribution is likely to be more widespread than previously assumed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lenka Procházková
- Charles University, Faculty of Science, Department of Ecology, Viničná 7, CZ-128 44 Prague, Czech Republic
- CONTACT Lenka Procházková
| | - Daniel Remias
- University of Applied Sciences Upper Austria, Stelzhamerstr. 23, A-4600 Wels, Austria
| | | | - Tomáš Řezanka
- Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Czech Republic
| | - Linda Nedbalová
- Charles University, Faculty of Science, Department of Ecology, Viničná 7, CZ-128 44 Prague, Czech Republic
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Remias D, Procházková L, Holzinger A, Nedbalová L. Ecology, cytology and phylogeny of the snow alga Scotiella cryophila K-1 (Chlamydomonadales, Chlorophyta) from the Austrian Alps. Phycologia 2018; 57:581-592. [PMID: 31007285 PMCID: PMC6469580 DOI: 10.2216/18-45.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Long-lasting, slowly melting snowfields in mountainous regions are frequently populated by specialised microalgae whose diversity is still vastly underestimated. Cysts causing sub-surficial green snow were collected in the Austrian Alps, Tyrol, and morphologically accorded to the snow alga Scotiella cryophila sensu Chodat, initially described from Switzerland. The cytology and photobiology of this population were investigated to understand mechanisms of adaptation to the harsh habitat. Cysts of S. cryophila K-1 had secondary cell walls with pronounced rib-like surface structures and contained several small spherical plastids. The cytoplasm was dominated by lipid bodies, which developed reddish secondary pigmentation. Partial life cycle observations showed that daughter cells lacked structured cell walls. Cysts performed active photosynthesis at temperature conditions close to the freezing point and were photoinhibited at irradiances greater than 70 μmol m-2 s-1. This corresponded exactly to habitat conditions 20 to 40 cm below the snow surface. Phylogenetic analyses using 18S rDNA, rbcL and ITS2 rDNA sequences indicated that S. cryophila K-1 is related to Chloromonas, known to contain several snow algae. The taxon forms an independent lineage and is clearly genetically distinct from the type strain of Chloromonas rosae var. psychrophila from North America that is supposed to have morphologically identical cysts. For a taxonomic treatment including a species assignment of S. cryophila K-1 from Europe within Chloromonas, flagellates will have to be cultivated from cysts or from acquired field material for a detailed morphological description. Acquisition and genetic analysis of cysts that resemble S. cryophila from America could elucidate their relationship to European samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Remias
- University of Applied Sciences, Campus Wels, Stelzhamerstr. 23,
A-4600 Wels, Austria
- Corresponding author
()
| | - Lenka Procházková
- Charles University, Faculty of Science, Department of Ecology,
Viničná7, CZ-128 44 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Andreas Holzinger
- University of Innsbruck, Department of Botany, Sternwartestr. 15,
A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Linda Nedbalová
- Charles University, Faculty of Science, Department of Ecology,
Viničná7, CZ-128 44 Prague, Czech Republic
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Řezanka T, Nedbalová L, Lukavský J, Procházková L, Sigler K. Lipidomic analysis of two closely related strains of the microalga Parietochloris (Trebouxiophyceae, Chlorophyta). ALGAL RES 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.algal.2017.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Burešová H, Procházková L, Turtos RM, Jarý V, Mihóková E, Beitlerová A, Pjatkan R, Gundacker S, Auffray E, Lecoq P, Nikl M, Čuba V. Preparation and luminescence properties of ZnO:Ga - polystyrene composite scintillator. Opt Express 2016; 24:15289-15298. [PMID: 27410805 DOI: 10.1364/oe.24.015289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Highly luminescent ZnO:Ga-polystyrene composite (ZnO:Ga-PS) with ultrafast subnanosecond decay was prepared by homogeneous embedding the ZnO:Ga scintillating powder into the scintillating organic matrix. The powder was prepared by photo-induced precipitation with subsequent calcination in air and Ar/H2 atmospheres. The composite was subsequently prepared by mixing the ZnO:Ga powder into the polystyrene (10 wt% fraction of ZnO:Ga) and press compacted to the 1 mm thick pellet. Luminescent spectral and kinetic characteristics of ZnO:Ga were preserved. Radioluminescence spectra corresponded purely to the ZnO:Ga scintillating phase and emission of polystyrene at 300-350 nm was absent. These features suggest the presence of non-radiative energy transfer from polystyrene host towards the ZnO:Ga scintillating phase which is confirmed by the measurement of X-ray excited scintillation decay with picosecond time resolution. It shows an ultrafast rise time below the time resolution of the experiment (18 ps) and a single-exponential decay with the decay time around 500 ps.
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Lang P, Meis S, Procházková L, Carvalho L, Mackay EB, Woods HJ, Pottie J, Milne I, Taylor C, Maberly SC, Spears BM. Phytoplankton community responses in a shallow lake following lanthanum-bentonite application. Water Res 2016; 97:55-68. [PMID: 27085846 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2016.03.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2015] [Revised: 02/19/2016] [Accepted: 03/07/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The release of phosphorus (P) from bed sediments to the overlying water can delay the recovery of lakes for decades following reductions in catchment contributions, preventing water quality targets being met within timeframes set out by environmental legislation (e.g. EU Water Framework Directive: WFD). Therefore supplementary solutions for restoring lakes have been explored, including the capping of sediment P sources using a lanthanum (La)-modified bentonite clay to reduce internal P loading and enhance the recovery process. Here we present results from Loch Flemington where the first long-term field trial documenting responses of phytoplankton community structure and abundance, and the UK WFD phytoplankton metric to a La-bentonite application was performed. A Before-After-Control-Impact (BACI) analysis was used to distinguish natural variability from treatment effect and confirmed significant reductions in the magnitude of summer cyanobacterial blooms in Loch Flemington, relative to the control site, following La-bentonite application. However this initial cyanobacterial response was not sustained beyond two years after application, which implied that the reduction in internal P loading was short-lived; several possible explanations for this are discussed. One reason is that this ecological quality indicator is sensitive to inter-annual variability in weather patterns, particularly summer rainfall and water temperature. Over the monitoring period, the phytoplankton community structure of Loch Flemington became less dominated by cyanobacteria and more functionally diverse. This resulted in continual improvements in the phytoplankton compositional and abundance metrics, which were not observed at the control site, and may suggest an ecological response to the sustained reduction in filterable reactive phosphorus (FRP) concentration following La-bentonite application. Overall, phytoplankton classification indicated that the lake moved from poor to moderate ecological status but did not reach the proxy water quality target (i.e. WFD Good Ecological Status) within four years of the application. As for many other shallow lakes, the effective control of internal P loading in Loch Flemington will require further implementation of both in-lake and catchment-based measures. Our work emphasizes the need for appropriate experimental design and long-term monitoring programmes, to ascertain the efficacy of intervention measures in delivering environmental improvements at the field scale.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Lang
- Ecology Assessment Unit, Scottish Environment Protection Agency, 6 Parklands Avenue, Maxim Business Park, Eurocentral, North Lanarkshire ML1 4WQ, Scotland, UK.
| | - S Meis
- Freshwater Ecology Group, Centre for Ecology & Hydrology, Bush Estate, Penicuik, Midlothian EH26 0QB, Scotland, UK
| | - L Procházková
- Department of Ecology, Faculty of Science, Charles University in Prague, Viničná 7, CZ-128 44 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - L Carvalho
- Freshwater Ecology Group, Centre for Ecology & Hydrology, Bush Estate, Penicuik, Midlothian EH26 0QB, Scotland, UK
| | - E B Mackay
- Lake Ecosystems Group, Centre for Ecology & Hydrology, Lancaster Environment Centre, Library Avenue, Bailrigg, Lancaster LA1 4AP, England, UK
| | - H J Woods
- Freshwater Ecology Group, Centre for Ecology & Hydrology, Bush Estate, Penicuik, Midlothian EH26 0QB, Scotland, UK
| | - J Pottie
- Broombank, Loch Flemington, Inverness IV2 7QR, Scotland, UK
| | - I Milne
- Ecology Partnership Development Unit, Scottish Environment Protection Agency, Graesser House, Fodderty Way, Dingwall Business Park, Dingwall IV15 9XB, Scotland, UK
| | - C Taylor
- Ecology Assessment Unit, Scottish Environment Protection Agency, 6 Parklands Avenue, Maxim Business Park, Eurocentral, North Lanarkshire ML1 4WQ, Scotland, UK
| | - S C Maberly
- Lake Ecosystems Group, Centre for Ecology & Hydrology, Lancaster Environment Centre, Library Avenue, Bailrigg, Lancaster LA1 4AP, England, UK
| | - B M Spears
- Freshwater Ecology Group, Centre for Ecology & Hydrology, Bush Estate, Penicuik, Midlothian EH26 0QB, Scotland, UK
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Závorková M, Procházková L. [Treating Diabetic Macular Edema by a Micropulse Laser - First Findings]. Cesk Slov Oftalmol 2015; 71:223-228. [PMID: 26782724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Diabetic macular edema (DME) is the most common cause of a visus dicrease in patients suffering type 2 diabetes. DME originates in abnormal macula capillars permeability. This study presents the findings of observing patients with DME after by micropulse laser therapy with the wavelength of 577 nm. METHODS The study covers 23 eyes of 15 patients with focal or difuse DME. In all patients we performed a 577 nm micropulse laser therapy of the macula, proceeding by a technique of placing spots next to each other in the shape of EDTRS optotype letters. In average we performed 3 treatments per eye. RESULTS Best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) was 61,8 of a letter at the beginning, 62,5 of a letter after 3 months, 59,5 of a letter after 6 months, 57,6 of a letter after 9 months and 59,2 of a letter after 12 months. The average difference between BVAC at the beginning and after a year was -2.7 of a letter. A T-test does shows statistically insignificant difference.The average central retinal thickness (CRT) was 380,4 µm at the beginning, 368,1 µm after 3 months, 327,5 µm after 6 months, 329,2 µm after 9 months and 301,0 µm after 12 months. The difference between the average CRT at the beginning and after 12 months was -79,5 µm. A T-test shows statistically significant difference. DISCUSSION Our studied group reported visus improvement or stabilization in 61% of eyes and decrease or stabilization of DME in 83% of eyes. Without treatment a deterioration would occur due to the progressive nature of the disorder. Taking into account these results and relevant literature we resolved to change our treatment methods in favour of placing laser spots as close as possible. An evaluative study of this method will follow. CONCLUSION In the studied group the average CRT improved and the average BCVA remained virtually equal. Treating DME by means of a micropulse laser has proven to be an effective method. It does not leave scars on retina and thus prevents creating scotoms. If the edema is higher or a resistent cyst occurs in the macula, it is recommended to combine laser and anti-VEGF therapies. In case of insufficient effects of a laser therapy there is a possibility of combining it with an anti-VEGF treatment.
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Pavelková T, Procházková L, Čuba V, Múčka V, Pospíšil M, Jakubec I. Photo and radiation induced synthesis of (Ni, Zn)O or mixed NiO–ZnO oxides. J Radioanal Nucl Chem 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/s10967-014-3695-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Rezanka T, Nedbalová L, Procházková L, Sigler K. Lipidomic profiling of snow algae by ESI-MS and silver-LC/APCI-MS. Phytochemistry 2014; 100:34-42. [PMID: 24548555 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2014.01.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2013] [Revised: 01/20/2014] [Accepted: 01/24/2014] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
The main analytical benefit of this study is the development of methods enabling a rapid determination of total lipids of algae by lipidomic analysis and detailed identification and quantification of a complex mixture of natural TAGs by silver-LC/APCI-MS and NARP-LC/APCI-MS. Both types of chromatography can readily identify, both qualitatively and semiquantitatively, triacylglycerols containing 16:3 and 16:4 acids in the molecule. We conclude that the genus Chloromonas is a major producer of C16 PUFAs mostly contained in TAGs. Since more detailed studies in this field have been stymied by the shortage of 16:3 and 16:4 FAs, we decided to study the alga Chloromonas as a potential biotechnological source of C16 PUFAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomáš Rezanka
- Institute of Microbiology, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Vídeňská 1083, 142 20 Prague, Czech Republic.
| | - Linda Nedbalová
- Charles University in Prague, Faculty of Science, Department of Ecology, Viničná 7, 128 44 Prague 2, Czech Republic
| | - Lenka Procházková
- Charles University in Prague, Faculty of Science, Department of Ecology, Viničná 7, 128 44 Prague 2, Czech Republic
| | - Karel Sigler
- Institute of Microbiology, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Vídeňská 1083, 142 20 Prague, Czech Republic
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Lukeš M, Procházková L, Shmidt V, Nedbalová L, Kaftan D. Temperature dependence of photosynthesis and thylakoid lipid composition in the red snow alga Chlamydomonas cf. nivalis (Chlorophyceae). FEMS Microbiol Ecol 2014; 89:303-15. [PMID: 24698015 DOI: 10.1111/1574-6941.12299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2013] [Revised: 02/04/2014] [Accepted: 02/04/2014] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Here, we report an effect of short acclimation to a wide span of temperatures on photosynthetic electron transfer, lipid and fatty acid composition in the snow alga Chlamydomonas cf. nivalis. The growth and oxygen evolution capacity were low at 2 °C yet progressively enhanced at 10 °C and were significantly higher at temperatures from 5 to 15 °C in comparison with the mesophilic control Chlamydomonas reinhardtii. In search of the molecular mechanisms responsible for the adaptation of photosynthesis to low temperatures, we have found unprecedented high rates of QA to QB electron transfer. The thermodynamics of the process revealed the existence of an increased structural flexibility that we explain with the amino acid changes in the D1 protein combined with the physico-chemical characteristics of the thylakoid membrane composed of > 80% negatively charged phosphatidylglycerol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Lukeš
- Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia in České Budějovice, České Budějovice, Czech Republic; Department of Phototrophic Microorganisms, Institute of Microbiology CAS, Opatovický mlýn, Třeboň, Czech Republic
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Procházková L, Hubený J. Czech small and medium-sized enterprises and the success in foreign markets. Acta Univ Agric Silvic Mendelianae Brun 2014. [DOI: 10.11118/actaun201159070301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
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Procházková L, Radiměřský M. The economic performance of regions in the Czech Republic. Acta Univ Agric Silvic Mendelianae Brun 2013. [DOI: 10.11118/actaun201361072661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
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Procházková L, Němec P, Souček M. [Spondyloarthritides: current perspective on diagnosis and classification]. Vnitr Lek 2013; 59:383-390. [PMID: 23767453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Spondyloarthritides (SpA) are a heterogeneous group of chronic inflammatory diseases with common clinical features and genetic basis. They primarily affect the axial skeleton, especially the sacroiliac joint, other localizations of the affection being peripheral joints and entheses - typical of the group of spondyloarthritides. On the basis of the predominant affection of the axial or peripheral skeleton, they can be divided, according to the current classification criteria, into axial SpA and peripheral SpA. Apart from axial and peripheral articular manifestations, many patients also display extra articular manifestations, which can thus become an important diagnostic clue and also the first symptom of the disease. The most frequent of them are anterior uveitis, inflammatory bowel diseases, and psoriasis. Also the strong binding of spondyloarthritides to the positivity of HLA B27 antigen or a family history of the disease is important information which helps in the diagnosis. Comorbidities, the most common and important of which are cardiovascular diseases or osteoporosis and its consequences in the form of fractures, are an integral part of the issue of spondyloarthritides.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Procházková
- Revmatologicka ambulance II. Interni Kliniky Lekarske fakulty MU a FN u sv. Anny Brno.
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Procházková L. [Legal criteria in ophthalmology]. Cesk Slov Oftalmol 2012; 68:82-83. [PMID: 22919735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
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Procházková L. [Not Available]. Cesk Slov Oftalmol 2012; 68:82-83. [PMID: 22913872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
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Becvár R, Vencovský J, Nĕmec P, Suchý D, Procházková L, Pavelka K. [Recommendations of Czech Rheumatological Society for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis. Efficacy and treatment strategies]. Vnitr Lek 2008; 54:84-99. [PMID: 18390121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is an autoimmune disease of unknown aetiology characterized by presence of chronic symmetric synovitis, which leads to the formation of joint erosions. Generally recommended method for activity assessment of RA is so called Disease Activity Score (DAS). In early RA when low disease activity is present with oligo- or monoarthritis antimalarials are drugs of choice, while sulfasalazine (SAS) is recommended in cases with medium activity without erosions. Initial treatment with methotrexate (MTX) or leflunomide (LEF) should be applied in a very active polyarthritis with a rapid development of erosions. MTX is often combined with other disease modifying drugs (DMARD) and the blockers of tumour necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha). LEF is to be administered to the patients in whom the other DMARD are contraindicated or not tolerated. In established RA with oligo- or monoarthritis with permanent low activity SAS is DMARD of choice. In cases with insufficient response and medium activity MTX is used and if it is inefficient LEF or combination of DMARD should be considered. In a very active disease with a rapid evolution of erosions high doses of MTX or LEF are recommended. When extraarticular symptoms of RA are present azathioprine is to be applied and in case of involvement of vital organs cyclophosphamide should be used. When DMARD are failing or contraindicated TNF-alpha blockers are to be applied. When one TNF-alpha blocker is inefficient it should by replaced by another one from the same group or another biological should be used. For indication of biologicals the activity limit is DAS28 5.1 and the decrease of DAS28 more than 1.2 is an efficacy criterion. Nonsteroidal antirheumatic drugs are an important part in the management of RA, and also corticosteroids are often of used in oral or parenteral form. To the complex therapy of RA nonpharmacological means are usually implemented--different physical procedures and various surgeries.
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Procházková L, Böhmová J, Soucek M. [Biological treatment of rheumatic diseases]. Vnitr Lek 2006; 52:632-9. [PMID: 16871769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
During recent two decades the progress in the understanding of the pathogenesis of the autoimmune diseases have led to new treatment targets, whose achievement claims new therapeutic advancings. Biological drugs complete or replace conventional immunosuppressive therapies in the treatment of autoimmune diseases. In the treatment of rheumatic diseases are currently used TNFalpha inhibitors and blockade of the IL-1, in phase of clinical trials or actual registration are agents blocking IL-6, the antibodies against B cell and inhibition of activation of T-cells by costimulating blockade with CTLA4Ig. In the Czech Republic are for treating of rheumatic diseases approved TNF blocking drugs. Treatment with this drugs is centred in biological therapy centres and patients are enroled into Registry of patients treated with anti TNFalpha drugs (ATTRA), which enable longterm observation of efficacy and toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Procházková
- II. interní klinika Lékarské fakulty MU a FN u sv. Anny, Brno.
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Abstract
The authors describe a locally recurrent tumor of the mandible whose microscopic structure and immunohistochemical findings corresponded to an epithelioid hemangioendothelioma. The tumorous cells had an epithelioid character, they created rudimentary vascular lumina, and they focally expressed vascular markers CD 34, CD 31, and F VIII. Locally the tumor grew aggressively. During the last recurrence, the tumor even affected the already healed and rebuilt bone graft, which was incorporated after the primary resection of the mandibular body. From the histological point of view, the tumor approximated an angiosarcoma. No metastases occurred.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Machálka
- Clinic of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty Hospital Brno-Bohunice and Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University Brno, Czech Republic.
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45
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Mach R, Procházková L, Susický P. [Intralenticular metal foreign bodies]. Cesk Slov Oftalmol 2001; 57:38-42. [PMID: 11255776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/19/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The paper is concerned with the problem of extraction of foreign metal bodies, which remained after a perforating injury in the patient's lens. The authors discuss early and late extraction of the opacifying lens. MATERIAL AND METHODS In three successive accidents of young men (22-34 years) the authors compare the fate of intralenticular metal bodies and the lens. RESULTS All three metal bodies were extracted, at the same time also surgery of the opacifying lens was performed with implantation of a posterior chamber intraocular lens into the sac after continual curvilinear capsulorrhexy. The postoperative visual acuity was 6/6. CONCLUSION With regard to contemporary possibilities of careful solution of lenticular surgery, using high standard viscoelastic materials, it is advisable to remove primarily the foreign body from the lens along with the damaged opacified lens and replacement of the latter by a posterior chamber intraocular lens as the quickest possible solution of the posttraumatic state.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Mach
- Ocní oddĕlení Masarykovy nemocnice, Ustí nad Labem.
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Procházková L, Machálka M, Procházka J, Tecl F, Klimovic M. Arteriovenous malformations of the orofacial area. Acta Chir Plast 2000; 42:55-9. [PMID: 10949855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/17/2023]
Abstract
Vascular lesions are pathological residues of the embryonic vascular system and can be divided into two main groups. The first group comprises haemangiomas, which are typical of childhood and involute spontaneously. The second group is formed by lesions without active proliferation, which include, among others, arteriovenous malformations that are congenital and grow proportionately with the subject. The authors present two cases of arteriovenous malformations of the orofacial area and discuss possibilities for modern diagnosis and treatment. Precise diagnosis and effective treatment of vascular lesions should be ensured by a diagnostic and therapeutic team of specialists from several disciplines (maxillofacial, ENT, plastic and general surgeon, paediatrician, haematologist, anaesthesiologist and possibly a neurosurgeon), headed by an intervention radiologist.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Procházková
- Clinic of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty Hospital and Masaryk University, Faculty of Medicine, Brno, Czech Republic
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47
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Turecký L, Kalina P, Uhlíková E, Procházková L. [Cerebrospinal fluid proteins in the diagnosis of disorders of the blood-cerebrospinal fluid barrier in central nervous system diseases]. BRATISL MED J 1998; 99:347-50. [PMID: 9748723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Many neurological diseases are connected with the dysfunction of blood-CSF barrier. The quantitative determination of CSF proteins has already been used in the diagnosis of barrier impairments and inflammatory diseases of the central nervous system. PATIENTS Serum and CSF, totaling 264 samples, were obtained from 15 controls and 117 patients with various diseases of the nervous system. Laurell's electroimmunoassay was used for estimation of albumin and IgG levels in serum and CSF. CSF-protein profile was evaluated according to Reiber's graph for the evaluation of the CSF-protein profile. RESULTS The graph for the protein profile can be divided into 5 functionally different parts (1--normal range, 2, 3, 4--different types of barrier dysfunctions and 5--local humoral response in CNS without any barrier impairment). There was a good correlation of CSF-protein profiles and neurological diseases in our group of patients. CONCLUSIONS According to our results, Reiber's graph was helpful for the diagnosis of blood-CSF-barrier dysfunctions. The graph has the following advantages: a) possibility of simultaneous assessment of the functional state of blood-CSF-barrier and the inflammatory response of the CNS, b)sensitivity for the determination of pathological local IgG-production in CNS and c) minimal number of protein assays necessary.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Turecký
- Ustav lekárskej chémie, biochémie a klinickej biochémie Lekárskej fakulty Univerzity Komenského v Bratislave
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48
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Procházková L, Rozsíval P. [Cataract operations and implantation of intraocular lenses in children and adolescents]. Cesk Oftalmol 1992; 48:331-7. [PMID: 1486625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
The authors are presenting the results of 60 cataract operations performed in 54 patients younger then 18 years. Traumatic cataract was operated in 33 patient (29 boys, 4 girls), congenital cataract in 19 eyes and complicated cataract in 8 eyes. The visual acuity 0.5 and better was gained in 40% of the eyes in which it was possible to find out the visual acuity. This visual acuity was achieved in 50% of 19 patients with IOL implantation (the youngest was 4 years old). The visual acuity was 0.5 and better in 75% of 12 patients regularly wearing contact lens. The worse results were in patients with congenital cataract-just one eye from 10, in which the visual acuity was possible to evaluate, had the visual acuity 0.5. In one case it was necessary to replace the luxated posterior chamber IOL. The IOL implantation in children, especially in those with traumatic cataract, is becoming more frequent.
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49
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Procházková L, Rendeková V, Pechán I. [RNA degradation enzymes and purine nucleosides in the lymphocytes of patients with multiple sclerosis]. Cesk Neurol Neurochir 1987; 50:380-5. [PMID: 3123077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
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50
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Kalina P, Procházková L, Hauftová D. [A syndrome similar to systemic lupus erythematosus caused by penicillamine in patients with Wilson's disease]. BRATISL MED J 1985; 84:336-40. [PMID: 4041939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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