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Takusagawa M, Misumi O, Nozaki H, Kato S, Maruyama S, Tsujimoto-Inui Y, Yagisawa F, Ohnuma M, Kuroiwa H, Kuroiwa T, Matsunaga S. Complete mitochondrial and chloroplast DNA sequences of the freshwater green microalga Medakamo hakoo. Genes Genet Syst 2024; 98:353-360. [PMID: 38267054 DOI: 10.1266/ggs.23-00275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2024] Open
Abstract
We report the complete organellar genome sequences of an ultrasmall green alga, Medakamo hakoo strain M-hakoo 311, which has the smallest known nuclear genome in freshwater green algae. Medakamo hakoo has 90.8-kb chloroplast and 36.5-kb mitochondrial genomes containing 80 and 33 putative protein-coding genes, respectively. The mitochondrial genome is the smallest in the Trebouxiophyceae algae studied so far. The GC content of the nuclear genome is 73%, but those of chloroplast and mitochondrial genomes are 41% and 35%, respectively. Codon usages in the organellar genomes have a different tendency from that in the nuclear genome. The organellar genomes have unique characteristics, such as the biased encoding of mitochondrial genes on a single strand and the absence of operon structures in chloroplast ribosomal genes. Medakamo hakoo will be helpful for understanding the evolution of the organellar genome and the regulation of gene expression in chloroplasts and mitochondria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mari Takusagawa
- Department of Botany, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Graduate School of Sciences and Technology for Innovation, Yamaguchi University
| | - Osami Misumi
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Graduate School of Sciences and Technology for Innovation, Yamaguchi University
| | - Hisayoshi Nozaki
- Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo
| | - Shoichi Kato
- Department of Applied Biological Science, Faculty of Science and Technology, Tokyo University of Science
| | - Shinichiro Maruyama
- Department of Integrated Biosciences, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo
| | - Yayoi Tsujimoto-Inui
- Department of Integrated Biosciences, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo
| | - Fumi Yagisawa
- Research Facility Center, University of the Ryukyus
- Graduate School of Engineering and Science, University of the Ryukyus
| | - Mio Ohnuma
- National Institute of Technology (KOSEN), Hiroshima College
| | - Haruko Kuroiwa
- Department of Chemical and Biological Science, Faculty of Science, Japan Women's University
| | - Tsuneyoshi Kuroiwa
- Department of Chemical and Biological Science, Faculty of Science, Japan Women's University
| | - Sachihiro Matsunaga
- Department of Applied Biological Science, Faculty of Science and Technology, Tokyo University of Science
- Department of Integrated Biosciences, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo
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Pino-Bodas R, Blázquez M, de los Ríos A, Pérez-Ortega S. Myrmecia, Not Asterochloris, Is the Main Photobiont of Cladonia subturgida ( Cladoniaceae, Lecanoromycetes). J Fungi (Basel) 2023; 9:1160. [PMID: 38132761 PMCID: PMC10744234 DOI: 10.3390/jof9121160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2023] [Revised: 11/24/2023] [Accepted: 11/29/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
This study explores the diversity of photobionts associated with the Mediterranean lichen-forming fungus Cladonia subturgida. For this purpose, we sequenced the whole ITS rDNA region by Sanger using a metabarcoding method for ITS2. A total of 41 specimens from Greece, Italy, France, Portugal, and Spain were studied. Additionally, two specimens from Spain were used to generate four cultures. Our molecular studies showed that the genus Myrmecia is the main photobiont of C. subturgida throughout its geographic distribution. This result contrasts with previous studies, which indicated that the main photobiont for most Cladonia species is Asterochloris. The identity of Myrmecia was also confirmed by ultrastructural studies of photobionts within the lichen thalli and cultures. Photobiont cells showed a parietal chloroplast lacking a pyrenoid, which characterizes the species in this genus. Phylogenetic analyses indicate hidden diversity within this genus. The results of amplicon sequencing showed the presence of multiple ASVs in 58.3% of the specimens studied.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raquel Pino-Bodas
- Biodiversity and Conservation Area, Department of Biology and Geology, Physics and Inorganic Chemistry, Rey Juan Carlos University, C/Tulipán s/n, 28933 Móstoles, Spain
- Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Richmond, London TW9 3DS, UK
| | - Miguel Blázquez
- Department of Mycology, Real Jardín Botánico (CSIC), 28014 Madrid, Spain; (M.B.); (S.P.-O.)
| | | | - Sergio Pérez-Ortega
- Department of Mycology, Real Jardín Botánico (CSIC), 28014 Madrid, Spain; (M.B.); (S.P.-O.)
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Kryvenda A, Tischner R, Steudel B, Griehl C, Armon R, Friedl T. Testing for terrestrial and freshwater microalgae productivity under elevated CO 2 conditions and nutrient limitation. BMC Plant Biol 2023; 23:27. [PMID: 36635620 PMCID: PMC9837994 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-023-04042-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2022] [Accepted: 01/03/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Microalgae CO2 fixation results in the production of biomass rich in high-valuable products, such as fatty acids and carotenoids. Enhanced productivity of valuable compounds can be achieved through the microalgae's ability to capture CO2 efficiently from sources of high CO2 contents, but it depends on the species. Culture collections of microalgae offer a wide variety of defined strains. However, an inadequate understanding of which groups of microalgae and from which habitats they originate offer high productivity under increased CO2 concentrations hampers exploiting microalgae as a sustainable source in the bioeconomy. RESULTS A large variety of 81 defined algal strains, including new green algal isolates from various terrestrial environments, were studied for their growth under atmospheres with CO2 levels of 5-25% in air. They were from a pool of 200 strains that had been pre-selected for phylogenetic diversity and high productivity under ambient CO2. Green algae from terrestrial environments exhibited enhanced growth up to 25% CO2. In contrast, in unicellular red algae and stramenopile algae, which originated through the endosymbiotic uptake of a red algal cell, growth at CO2 concentrations above 5% was suppressed. While terrestrial stramenopile algae generally tolerated such CO2 concentrations, their counterparts from marine phytoplankton did not. The tests of four new strains in liquid culture revealed enhanced biomass and chlorophyll production under elevated CO2 levels. The 15% CO2 aeration increased their total carotenoid and fatty acid contents, which were further stimulated when combined with the starvation of macronutrients, i.e., less with phosphate and more with nitrogen-depleted culture media. CONCLUSION Green algae originating from terrestrial environments, Chlorophyceae and Trebouxiophyceae, exhibit enhanced productivity of carotenoids and fatty acids under elevated CO2 concentrations. This ability supports the economic and sustainable production of valuable compounds from these microalgae using inexpensive sources of high CO2 concentrations, such as industrial exhaust fumes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anastasiia Kryvenda
- Albrecht-von-Haller-Institute for Plant Sciences, Department of Experimental Phycology and Culture Collection of Algae (SAG), University of Göttingen, Nikolausberger Weg 18, 37073 Göttingen, Germany
- Present address: Staatliche Betriebsgesellschaft für Umwelt und Landwirtschaft, 01683 Nossen, Germany
| | - Rudolf Tischner
- Albrecht-von-Haller-Institute for Plant Sciences, Department of Experimental Phycology and Culture Collection of Algae (SAG), University of Göttingen, Nikolausberger Weg 18, 37073 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Bastian Steudel
- Albrecht-von-Haller-Institute for Plant Sciences, Department of Experimental Phycology and Culture Collection of Algae (SAG), University of Göttingen, Nikolausberger Weg 18, 37073 Göttingen, Germany
- Present address: Department of Health and Environmental Sciences, Xi’an Jiaotong-Liverpool University (XJTLU), Suzhou, 215123 Jiangsu Province China
| | - Carola Griehl
- Department of Applied Biosciences and Process Technology, Competence Center Algal Biotechnology, Anhalt University of Applied Sciences, 06366 Köthen, Germany
| | - Robert Armon
- Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Faculty of Civil and Environmental Engineering, 32000 Haifa, Israel
| | - Thomas Friedl
- Albrecht-von-Haller-Institute for Plant Sciences, Department of Experimental Phycology and Culture Collection of Algae (SAG), University of Göttingen, Nikolausberger Weg 18, 37073 Göttingen, Germany
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Singh V, Mishra V. Evaluation of the effects of input variables on the growth of two microalgae classes during wastewater treatment. Water Res 2022; 213:118165. [PMID: 35183015 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2022.118165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2021] [Revised: 02/01/2022] [Accepted: 02/04/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Wastewater treatment carried out by microalgae is usually affected by the type of algal strain and the combination of cultivation parameters provided during the process. Every microalga strain has a different tolerance level towards cultivation parameters, including temperature, pH, light intensity, CO2 content, initial inoculum level, pretreatment method, reactor type and nutrient concentration in wastewater. Therefore, it is vital to supply the right combination of cultivation parameters to increase the wastewater treatment efficiency and biomass productivity of different microalgae classes. In the current investigation, the decision tree was used to analyse the dataset of class Trebouxiophyceae and Chlorophyceae. Various combinations of cultivation parameters were determined to enhance their performance in wastewater treatment. Nine combinations of cultivation parameters leading to high biomass production and eleven combinations each for high nitrogen removal efficiency and high phosphorus removal efficiency for class Trebouxiophyceae were detected by decision tree models. Similarly, eleven combinations for high biomass production, nine for high nitrogen removal efficiency, and eight for high phosphorus removal efficiency were detected for class Chlorophyceae. The results obtained through decision tree analysis can provide the optimum conditions of cultivation parameters, saving time in designing new experiments for treating wastewater at a large scale.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vishal Singh
- School of Biochemical Engineering, IIT(BHU), Varanasi, India
| | - Vishal Mishra
- School of Biochemical Engineering, IIT(BHU), Varanasi, India.
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Medeiros ID, Mazur E, Miadlikowska J, Flakus A, Rodriguez-Flakus P, Pardo-De la Hoz CJ, Cieślak E, Śliwa L, Lutzoni F. Turnover of Lecanoroid Mycobionts and Their Trebouxia Photobionts Along an Elevation Gradient in Bolivia Highlights the Role of Environment in Structuring the Lichen Symbiosis. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:774839. [PMID: 34987486 PMCID: PMC8721194 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.774839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2021] [Accepted: 11/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Shifts in climate along elevation gradients structure mycobiont-photobiont associations in lichens. We obtained mycobiont (lecanoroid Lecanoraceae) and photobiont (Trebouxia alga) DNA sequences from 89 lichen thalli collected in Bolivia from a ca. 4,700 m elevation gradient encompassing diverse natural communities and environmental conditions. The molecular dataset included six mycobiont loci (ITS, nrLSU, mtSSU, RPB1, RPB2, and MCM7) and two photobiont loci (ITS, rbcL); we designed new primers to amplify Lecanoraceae RPB1 and RPB2 with a nested PCR approach. Mycobionts belonged to Lecanora s.lat., Bryonora, Myriolecis, Protoparmeliopsis, the "Lecanora" polytropa group, and the "L." saligna group. All of these clades except for Lecanora s.lat. occurred only at high elevation. No single species of Lecanoraceae was present along the entire elevation gradient, and individual clades were restricted to a subset of the gradient. Most Lecanoraceae samples represent species which have not previously been sequenced. Trebouxia clade C, which has not previously been recorded in association with species of Lecanoraceae, predominates at low- to mid-elevation sites. Photobionts from Trebouxia clade I occur at the upper extent of mid-elevation forest and at some open, high-elevation sites, while Trebouxia clades A and S dominate open habitats at high elevation. We did not find Trebouxia clade D. Several putative new species were found in Trebouxia clades A, C, and I. These included one putative species in clade A associated with Myriolecis species growing on limestone at high elevation and a novel lineage sister to the rest of clade C associated with Lecanora on bark in low-elevation grassland. Three different kinds of photobiont switching were observed, with certain mycobiont species associating with Trebouxia from different major clades, species within a major clade, or haplotypes within a species. Lecanoraceae mycobionts and Trebouxia photobionts exhibit species turnover along the elevation gradient, but with each partner having a different elevation threshold at which the community shifts completely. A phylogenetically defined sampling of a single diverse family of lichen-forming fungi may be sufficient to document regional patterns of Trebouxia diversity and distribution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ian D. Medeiros
- Department of Biology, Duke University, Durham, NC, United States
| | - Edyta Mazur
- W. Szafer Institute of Botany, Polish Academy of Sciences (PAS), Kraków, Poland
| | | | - Adam Flakus
- W. Szafer Institute of Botany, Polish Academy of Sciences (PAS), Kraków, Poland
| | | | | | - Elżbieta Cieślak
- W. Szafer Institute of Botany, Polish Academy of Sciences (PAS), Kraków, Poland
| | - Lucyna Śliwa
- W. Szafer Institute of Botany, Polish Academy of Sciences (PAS), Kraków, Poland
| | - François Lutzoni
- Department of Biology, Duke University, Durham, NC, United States
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Nicoletti C, Procházková L, Nedbalová L, Mócsai R, Altmann F, Holzinger A, Remias D. Thorsmoerkia curvula gen. et spec. nov. ( Trebouxiophyceae, Chlorophyta), a semi-terrestrial microalga from Iceland exhibits high levels of unsaturated fatty acids. J Appl Phycol 2021; 33:3671-3682. [PMID: 35309180 PMCID: PMC7612509 DOI: 10.1007/s10811-021-02577-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2021] [Revised: 07/23/2021] [Accepted: 07/23/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
A terrestrial green alga was isolated at Iceland, and the strain (SAG 2627) was described for its morphology and phylogenetic position and tested for biotechnological capabilities. Cells had a distinctly curved, crescent shape with conical poles and a single parietal chloroplast. Phylogenetic analyses of 18S rDNA and rbcL markers placed the strain into the Trebouxiophyceae (Chlorophyta). The alga turned out to belong to an independent lineage without an obvious sister group within the Trebouxiophyceae. Based on morphological and phylogenetic data, the strain was described as a new genus and species, Thorsmoerkia curvula gen. et sp. nov. Biomass was generated in column reactors and subsequently screened for promising metabolites. Growth was optimized by pH-regulated, episodic CO2 supplement during the logarithmic growth-phase, and half of the biomass was thereafter exposed to nitrogen and phosphate depletion. The biomass yield reached up to 53.5 mg L-1 day-1. Fatty acid (FA) production peaked at 24 mg L-1 day-1 and up to 83% of all FAs were unsaturated. At the end of the log phase, approximately 45% of dry mass were lipids, including eicosapentaenoic acid. Carotenoid production reached up to 2.94 mg L-1 day-1 but it was halted during the stress phase. The N-linked glycans of glycoproteins were assessed to reveal chemotaxonomic patterns. The study demonstrated that new microalgae can be found at Iceland, potentially suitable for applied purposes. The advantage of T. curvula is its robustness and that significant amounts of lipids are already accumulated during log phase, making a subsequent stress exposure dispensable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cecilia Nicoletti
- School of Engineering, University of Applied Sciences Upper Austria, Stelzhamerstr. 23, 4600 Wels, Austria
| | - Lenka Procházková
- Department of Ecology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Viničná 7, 12844 Prague, Czech Republic
- Centre for Phycology, Institute of Botany of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Dukelská 135, 37982 Třeboň, Czech Republic
| | - Linda Nedbalová
- Department of Ecology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Viničná 7, 12844 Prague, Czech Republic
- Centre for Phycology, Institute of Botany of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Dukelská 135, 37982 Třeboň, Czech Republic
| | - Réka Mócsai
- Department of Chemistry, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Muthgasse 19, 1190 Vienna, Austria
| | - Friedrich Altmann
- Department of Chemistry, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Muthgasse 19, 1190 Vienna, Austria
| | - Andreas Holzinger
- Department of Botany, University of Innsbruck, Sternwartestraße 15, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Daniel Remias
- School of Engineering, University of Applied Sciences Upper Austria, Stelzhamerstr. 23, 4600 Wels, Austria
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Yakimovich KM, Gauthier NPG, Engstrom CB, Leya T, Quarmby LM. A Molecular Analysis of Microalgae from Around the Globe to Revise Raphidonema ( Trebouxiophyceae, Chlorophyta). J Phycol 2021; 57:1419-1432. [PMID: 33988850 DOI: 10.1111/jpy.13183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2020] [Accepted: 02/24/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
We isolated five microalgal strains from alpine snow near Vancouver, Canada, which display morphological features suggestive of the genera Koliella and Raphidonema. Due to variations in cell size and shape, we could not make a clear delimitation based on morphology. We proceeded to a molecular analysis and included 22 strains from the CCCryo culture collection, previously identified as members of four closely related genera: Raphidonema, Koliella, Stichococcus, and Pseudochlorella. For greater taxonomic context in our phylogenetic analysis, we also obtained authentic strains for the type species of Koliella and Pseudochlorella, but were unable to find one for Raphidonema. To examine generic boundaries, we did a phylogenetic analysis on the rbcL gene for all strains, establishing distinct lineages. Our novel isolates fell within Raphidonema, and so we analyzed the ITS2 gene of all Raphidonema strains to delimit species. To support species delimitations, we did a Compensatory Base Change analysis using the secondary structure of the ITS2 gene to assist in aligning the sequence. We also computed a maximum likelihood phylogenetic tree to examine species clades of Raphidonema. We assigned epitypes for two Raphidonema species based on the best morphological match to strains in the ITS2 clades. We then amended their diagnoses so they can be more reliably identified using DNA sequence data. We also propose two new species, R. catena and R. monicae, that formed their own species clades according to our ITS2 analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kurt M Yakimovich
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Simon Fraser University, South Sciences Building room 8166, 8888 University Drive, Burnaby, British Columbia, V5A 1S6, Canada
| | - Nick P G Gauthier
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Simon Fraser University, South Sciences Building room 8166, 8888 University Drive, Burnaby, British Columbia, V5A 1S6, Canada
| | - Casey B Engstrom
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Simon Fraser University, South Sciences Building room 8166, 8888 University Drive, Burnaby, British Columbia, V5A 1S6, Canada
| | - Thomas Leya
- Fraunhofer Institute for Cell Therapy and Immunology, Branch Bioanalytics and Bioprocesses IZI-BB, Extremophile Research & Biobank CCCryo, Am Muehlenberg 13, Potsdam-Golm, 14476, Germany
| | - Lynne M Quarmby
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Simon Fraser University, South Sciences Building room 8166, 8888 University Drive, Burnaby, British Columbia, V5A 1S6, Canada
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Pino-Bodas R, Stenroos S. Global Biodiversity Patterns of the Photobionts Associated with the Genus Cladonia (Lecanorales, Ascomycota). Microb Ecol 2021; 82:173-187. [PMID: 33150498 PMCID: PMC8282589 DOI: 10.1007/s00248-020-01633-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2020] [Accepted: 10/22/2020] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
The diversity of lichen photobionts is not fully known. We studied here the diversity of the photobionts associated with Cladonia, a sub-cosmopolitan genus ecologically important, whose photobionts belong to the green algae genus Asterochloris. The genetic diversity of Asterochloris was screened by using the ITS rDNA and actin type I regions in 223 specimens and 135 species of Cladonia collected all over the world. These data, added to those available in GenBank, were compiled in a dataset of altogether 545 Asterochloris sequences occurring in 172 species of Cladonia. A high diversity of Asterochloris associated with Cladonia was found. The commonest photobiont lineages associated with this genus are A. glomerata, A. italiana, and A. mediterranea. Analyses of partitioned variation were carried out in order to elucidate the relative influence on the photobiont genetic variation of the following factors: mycobiont identity, geographic distribution, climate, and mycobiont phylogeny. The mycobiont identity and climate were found to be the main drivers for the genetic variation of Asterochloris. The geographical distribution of the different Asterochloris lineages was described. Some lineages showed a clear dominance in one or several climatic regions. In addition, the specificity and the selectivity were studied for 18 species of Cladonia. Potentially specialist and generalist species of Cladonia were identified. A correlation was found between the sexual reproduction frequency of the host and the frequency of certain Asterochloris OTUs. Some Asterochloris lineages co-occur with higher frequency than randomly expected in the Cladonia species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raquel Pino-Bodas
- Comparative Plant and Fungal Biology, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Richmond, TW9 3DS, UK.
| | - Soili Stenroos
- Finnish Museum of Natural History, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 7, Helsinki, 00014, Finland
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Kim EJ, Chae H, Yu J, Kim H, Cho SM, Shin SC, Choi HG, Kim S, Han SJ. Mitochondrial genome of the Antarctic microalga Micractinium simplicissimum KSF0127 (Chlorellaceae, Trebouxiophyceae). Mitochondrial DNA B Resour 2021; 6:878-879. [PMID: 33796665 PMCID: PMC7971331 DOI: 10.1080/23802359.2021.1886010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
We report the first mitochondrial genome of the Antarctic microalga Micractinium simplicissimum KSF0127. The circular mitochondrial genome was 67,923 bp in length and contained 45 protein-coding genes, one ribosomal RNA gene, and 60 transfer RNA genes. The phylogenetic tree was constructed with eight previously reported mitogenome sequences and showed the phylogenetic position of M. simplicissimum KSF0127 within the Chlorellaceae family.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eun Jae Kim
- Division of Life Sciences, Korea Polar Research Institute, Incheon, South Korea
| | - Hyunsik Chae
- Division of Life Sciences, Korea Polar Research Institute, Incheon, South Korea.,School of Life Sciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, South Korea
| | - Jihyeon Yu
- Division of Life Sciences, Korea Polar Research Institute, Incheon, South Korea
| | - Hyunjoong Kim
- Division of Life Sciences, Korea Polar Research Institute, Incheon, South Korea.,Department of Systems Biology, Institute of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Sung Mi Cho
- Division of Life Sciences, Korea Polar Research Institute, Incheon, South Korea
| | - Seung Chul Shin
- Division of Life Sciences, Korea Polar Research Institute, Incheon, South Korea
| | - Han-Gu Choi
- Division of Life Sciences, Korea Polar Research Institute, Incheon, South Korea
| | - Sanghee Kim
- Division of Life Sciences, Korea Polar Research Institute, Incheon, South Korea
| | - Se Jong Han
- Division of Life Sciences, Korea Polar Research Institute, Incheon, South Korea.,Department of Polar Sciences, University of Science and Technology, Incheon, South Korea
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Lindgren H, Moncada B, Lücking R, Magain N, Simon A, Goffinet B, Sérusiaux E, Nelsen MP, Mercado-Díaz JA, Widhelm TJ, Lumbsch HT. Cophylogenetic patterns in algal symbionts correlate with repeated symbiont switches during diversification and geographic expansion of lichen-forming fungi in the genus Sticta (Ascomycota, Peltigeraceae). Mol Phylogenet Evol 2020; 150:106860. [PMID: 32473336 DOI: 10.1016/j.ympev.2020.106860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2019] [Revised: 04/10/2020] [Accepted: 05/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Species in the fungal genus Sticta form symbiotic associations primarily with either green algae or cyanobacteria, but tripartite associations or photosymbiodemes involving both types of photobionts occur in some species. Sticta is known to associate with green algae in the genus Symbiochloris. However, previous studies have shown that algae from other genera, such as Heveochlorella, may also be suitable partners for Sticta. We examined the diversity of green algal partners in the genus Sticta and assessed the patterns of association between the host fungus and its algal symbiont. We used multi-locus sequence data from multiple individuals collected in Australia, Cuba, Madagascar, Mauritius, New Zealand, Reunion and South America to infer phylogenies for fungal and algal partners and performed tests of congruence to assess coevolution between the partners. In addition, event-based methods were implemented to examine which cophylogenetic processes have led to the observed association patterns in Sticta and its green algal symbionts. Our results show that in addition to Symbiochloris, Sticta associates with green algae from the genera Chloroidium, Coccomyxa, Elliptochloris and Heveochlorella, the latter being the most common algal symbiont associated with Sticta in this study. Geography plays a strong role in shaping fungal-algal association patterns in Sticta as mycobionts associate with different algal lineages in different geographic locations. While fungal and algal phylogenies were mostly congruent, event-based methods did not find any evidence for cospeciation between the partners. Instead, the association patterns observed in Sticta and associated algae, were largely explained by other cophylogenetic events such as host-switches, losses of symbiont and failure of the symbiont to diverge with its host. Our results also show that tripartite associations with green algae evolved multiple times in Sticta.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanna Lindgren
- Science and Education, The Field Museum, 1400 South Lake Shore Drive, Chicago, IL 60605, United States.
| | - Bibiana Moncada
- Licenciatura en Biología, Universidad Distrital Francisco José de Caldas, Cra. 4 No. 26D-54, Torre de Laboratorios, Herbario, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Robert Lücking
- Botanical Garden and Botanical Museum, Koenigin-Luise-Strasse 6-8, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Nicolas Magain
- Evolution and Conservation Biology, University of Liège, Sart Tilman B22, B-4000 Liège, Belgium; Department of Biology, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708-0338, USA
| | - Antoine Simon
- Evolution and Conservation Biology, University of Liège, Sart Tilman B22, B-4000 Liège, Belgium
| | - Bernard Goffinet
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269-3043, USA
| | - Emmanuël Sérusiaux
- Evolution and Conservation Biology, University of Liège, Sart Tilman B22, B-4000 Liège, Belgium
| | - Matthew P Nelsen
- Science and Education, The Field Museum, 1400 South Lake Shore Drive, Chicago, IL 60605, United States
| | - Joel A Mercado-Díaz
- Science and Education, The Field Museum, 1400 South Lake Shore Drive, Chicago, IL 60605, United States; Committee on Evolutionary Biology, University of Chicago, 1025 E. 57(th) street, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Todd J Widhelm
- Science and Education, The Field Museum, 1400 South Lake Shore Drive, Chicago, IL 60605, United States
| | - H Thorsten Lumbsch
- Science and Education, The Field Museum, 1400 South Lake Shore Drive, Chicago, IL 60605, United States
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11
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Jo SW, Kang NS, Chae H, Lee JA, Kim KM, Yoon M, Hong JW, Yoon HS. Complete mitochondrial genome of Micractinium singularis MM0003 (Chlorellaceae, Trebouxiophyceae). Mitochondrial DNA B Resour 2020; 5:837-838. [PMID: 33366774 PMCID: PMC7748831 DOI: 10.1080/23802359.2020.1715896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The mitochondrial genome of Micractinium singularis MM0003 was completely sequenced. This mitogenome has 75,931 bp in length and consists of 62 genes including 32 protein-coding, 3 rRNA, and 27 tRNA genes. The overall GC content of the genome is 27.5%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seung-Woo Jo
- Department of Energy Science, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Korea.,School of Life Sciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Korea
| | - Nam Seon Kang
- Department of Taxonomy and Systematics, National Marine Biodiversity Institute of Korea, Seocheon, Korea
| | - Hyunsik Chae
- School of Life Sciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Korea
| | - Jung A Lee
- Department of Taxonomy and Systematics, National Marine Biodiversity Institute of Korea, Seocheon, Korea
| | - Kyeong Mi Kim
- Department of Taxonomy and Systematics, National Marine Biodiversity Institute of Korea, Seocheon, Korea
| | - Moongeun Yoon
- Department of Taxonomy and Systematics, National Marine Biodiversity Institute of Korea, Seocheon, Korea
| | - Ji Won Hong
- Department of Taxonomy and Systematics, National Marine Biodiversity Institute of Korea, Seocheon, Korea
| | - Ho-Sung Yoon
- Department of Energy Science, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Korea.,School of Life Sciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Korea
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12
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Kang NS, Jo SW, Lee JA, Kim KM, Jang HS, Kim ES, Yoon M, Hong JW, Yoon HS. Complete mitochondrial genome of Micractinium pusillum CCAP 231/1 (Chlorellaceae, Trebouxiophyceae). Mitochondrial DNA B Resour 2019; 5:92-93. [PMID: 33366437 PMCID: PMC7720979 DOI: 10.1080/23802359.2019.1698341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The mitochondrial genome of Micractinium pusillum CCAP 231/1 was completely sequenced. This mitogenome has 70,061 bp in length and consists of 62 genes including 32 protein-coding, 3 rRNA, and 27 tRNA genes. The overall GC content of the genome is 31.3%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nam Seon Kang
- Department of Taxonomy and Systematics, National Marine Biodiversity Institute of Korea, Seocheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung-Woo Jo
- Department of Energy Science, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea.,School of Life Sciences, BK21 Plus KNU Creative BioResearch Group, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung A Lee
- Department of Taxonomy and Systematics, National Marine Biodiversity Institute of Korea, Seocheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyeong Mi Kim
- Department of Taxonomy and Systematics, National Marine Biodiversity Institute of Korea, Seocheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyeong Seok Jang
- Department of Taxonomy and Systematics, National Marine Biodiversity Institute of Korea, Seocheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun Song Kim
- Department of Taxonomy and Systematics, National Marine Biodiversity Institute of Korea, Seocheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Moongeun Yoon
- Department of Taxonomy and Systematics, National Marine Biodiversity Institute of Korea, Seocheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Won Hong
- Department of Taxonomy and Systematics, National Marine Biodiversity Institute of Korea, Seocheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Ho-Sung Yoon
- Department of Energy Science, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea.,School of Life Sciences, BK21 Plus KNU Creative BioResearch Group, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
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13
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Abstract
Background Terrestrial, freshwater and marine green algae constitute the large and morphologically diverse phylum of Chlorophyta, which gave rise to the core chlorophytes. Chlorophyta are abundant and diverse in freshwater environments where sometimes they form nuisance blooms under eutrophication conditions. The phylogenetic relationships among core chlorophyte clades (Chlorodendrophyceae, Ulvophyceae, Trebouxiophyceae and Chlorophyceae), are of particular interest as it is a species-rich phylum with ecological importance worldwide, but are still poorly understood. In the Mediterranean ecoregion, data on molecular characterization of eukaryotic microalgae strains are limited and current knowledge is based on ecological studies of natural populations. In the present study we report the isolation and characterization of 11 green microalgae strains from Greece contributing more information for the taxonomy of Chlorophyta. The study combined morphological and molecular data. Results Phylogenetic analysis based on 18S rRNA, internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region and the large subunit of the ribulose-bisphosphate carboxylase (rbcL) gene revealed eight taxa. Eleven green algae strains were classified in four orders (Sphaeropleales, Chlorellales, Chlamydomonadales and Chaetophorales) and were represented by four genera; one strain was not assigned to any genus. Most strains (six) were classified to the genus Desmodesmus, two strains to genus Chlorella, one to genus Spongiosarcinopsis and one filamentous strain to genus Uronema. One strain is placed in a separate independent branch within the Chlamydomonadales and deserves further research. Conclusions Our study reports, for the first time, the presence of Uronema in an aquatic environment up to 40 °C and reveals new diversity within the Chlamydomonadales. The results from the ITS region and the rbcL gene corroborated those obtained from 18S rRNA without providing further information or resolving the phylogenetic relationships within certain genera, due to the limited number of ITS and rbcL sequences available. The comparison of molecular and morphological data showed that they were congruent. Cosmopolitan genera with high worldwide distribution inhabit Greek freshwaters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Urania Lortou
- Department of Botany, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, P.O. Box 109, 541 24 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Spyros Gkelis
- Department of Botany, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, P.O. Box 109, 541 24 Thessaloniki, Greece
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14
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Maltsev Y, Maltseva I, Maltseva S, Kociolek JP, Kulikovskiy M. Fatty Acid Content and Profile of the Novel Strain of Coccomyxa elongata ( Trebouxiophyceae, Chlorophyta) Cultivated at Reduced Nitrogen and Phosphorus Concentrations. J Phycol 2019; 55:1154-1165. [PMID: 31318981 DOI: 10.1111/jpy.12903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2019] [Accepted: 07/01/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
A novel freshwater strain of Coccomyxa elongata (MZ-Ch64) was isolated from the Zaporizhia region, Ukraine. The identification was based on the phylogenetic analysis of SSU rDNA gene and ITS1-5.8S rDNA-ITS2 region and predicted secondary structure of the ITS2. Phylogenetic analysis placed this strain in the Coccomyxa group, within the class Trebouxiophyceae. The novel strain MZ-Ch64 formed a strongly supported lineage closest with C. elongata. The MZ-Ch64 strain differed from the morphological description of the species by the size of vegetative cells and absence of small mucilaginous caps at one end of the cell. A number of experiments with different concentrations of phosphate and nitrate were conducted to evaluate changes in the resulting fatty acid profiles and biomass productivity. The fatty acid profile and total fatty acids varied significantly under different nutrient deficiencies. The dominant fatty acid during cultivation on standard BBM medium, as well as in phosphorus-depleted conditions, was oleic acid (to 48.0%-54.6% of total fatty acids). Absence of nitrogen alone, and absence of both nitrogen and phosphorus, led to an increase of palmitic acid (to 24.7%-25.6%), cis-7-hexadecenoic acid (to 14.8%) and α-linolenic acid (to 9.1%-10.1%) in comparison with the control sample. The greatest variation was found for oleic acid (31.9%-54.6%). Thus, this strain can be considered as a potential producer of oleic acid or cis-7-hexadecenoic and α-linolenic acids for biotechnological applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yevhen Maltsev
- К.A. Timiryazev Institute of Plant Physiology RAS, IPP RAS, Moscow, 127276, Russia
| | - Irina Maltseva
- Bohdan Khmelnytskyi Melitopol State Pedagogical University, 72312, Melitopol, Ukraine
| | - Svetlana Maltseva
- К.A. Timiryazev Institute of Plant Physiology RAS, IPP RAS, Moscow, 127276, Russia
| | - John Patrick Kociolek
- Museum of Natural History and Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Colorado, 80309, Boulder, Colorado, USA
| | - Maxim Kulikovskiy
- К.A. Timiryazev Institute of Plant Physiology RAS, IPP RAS, Moscow, 127276, Russia
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15
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Řezanka T, Nedbalová L, Barcytė D, Vítová M, Sigler K. Arsenolipids in the green alga Coccomyxa ( Trebouxiophyceae, Chlorophyta). Phytochemistry 2019; 164:243-251. [PMID: 31128818 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2019.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2018] [Revised: 05/06/2019] [Accepted: 05/07/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Lipid-like compounds containing a dimethylarsinoyl group, i.e. Me2As(O)-, have been identified by liquid chromatography/inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (LC/ICP-MS) and non-aqueous reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography (positive and/or negative high-resolution tandem electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (NARP-HPLC/HR-ESI+(-)-MS/MS) from three strains of green algae of the genus Coccomyxa (Trebouxiophyceae, Chlorophyta). The algae were cultivated in a medium containing 10 g arsenic/L, i.e. 133.5 mmol/L of Na2HAsO4.7H2O. After extraction by methyl-tert-butyl ether (MTBE), total lipids were analyzed by ICP-MS or ESI-MS without any further separation or fractionation. A total of 39 molecular species of arsenic triacylglycerols (AsTAG), 15 arsenic phosphatidylcholines (AsPC), 8 arsenic phosphatidylethanolamines (AsPE), 6 arsenic phosphatidylinositols (AsPI), 2 arsenic phosphatidylglycerols (AsPG) and 5 unknown lipids (probably ceramides) were identified. The structures of all molecular species were confirmed by tandem MS. Dry matter of the individual strains contained different amounts of total arsenolipids, i.e. C. elongata CCALA 427 (0.32 mg/g), C. onubensis (1.48 mg/g), C. elongata S3 (2.13 mg/g). On the other hand, there were only slight differences between strains in the relative abundances of individual molecular species. Possible biosynthesis of long-chain lipids with the end group Me2As(O) has also been suggested.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomáš Řezanka
- Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic.
| | - Linda Nedbalová
- Department of Ecology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Dovilė Barcytė
- Department of Ecology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Milada Vítová
- Laboratory of Cell Cycles of Algae, Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Centre Algatech, Třeboň, Czech Republic
| | - Karel Sigler
- Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
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16
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Hinojosa-Vidal E, Marco F, Martínez-Alberola F, Escaray FJ, García-Breijo FJ, Reig-Armiñana J, Carrasco P, Barreno E. Characterization of the responses to saline stress in the symbiotic green microalga Trebouxia sp. TR9. Planta 2018; 248:1473-1486. [PMID: 30132152 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-018-2993-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2018] [Accepted: 08/17/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
For the first time we provide a study on the physiological, ultrastructural and molecular effects of salt stress on a terrestrial symbiotic green microalga, Trebouxia sp. TR9. Although tolerance to saline conditions has been thoroughly studied in plants and, to an extent, free-living microalgae, scientific data regarding salt stress on symbiotic lichen microalgae is scarce to non-existent. Since lichen phycobionts are capable of enduring harsh, restrictive and rapidly changing environments, it is interesting to study the metabolic machinery operating under these extreme conditions. We aim to determine the effects of prolonged exposure to high salt concentrations on the symbiotic phycobiont Trebouxia sp. TR9, isolated from the lichen Ramalina farinacea. Our results suggest that, when this alga is confronted with extreme saline conditions, the cellular structures are affected to an extent, with limited chlorophyll content loss and photosynthetic activity remaining after 72 h of exposure to 5 M NaCl. Furthermore, this organism displays a rather different molecular response compared to land plants and free-living halophile microalgae, with no noticeable increase in ABA levels and ABA-related gene expression until the external NaCl concentration is raised to 3 M NaCl. Despite this, the ABA transduction pathway seems functional, since the ABA-related genes tested are responsive to exogenous ABA. These observations could suggest that this symbiotic green alga may have developed alternative molecular pathways to cope with highly saline environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ernesto Hinojosa-Vidal
- Inst. "Cavanilles" de Biodiversidad y Biología Evolutiva, Botánica, Fac. CC. Biológicas, Universitat de València, Dr. Moliner 50, 46100, Burjassot, Spain
| | - Francisco Marco
- Estructura de Recerca Interdisciplinar en Biotecnologia i Biomedicina (ERI BIOTECMED), Universitat de València, Dr. Moliner 50, 46100, Burjassot, Spain.
| | - Fernando Martínez-Alberola
- Inst. "Cavanilles" de Biodiversidad y Biología Evolutiva, Botánica, Fac. CC. Biológicas, Universitat de València, Dr. Moliner 50, 46100, Burjassot, Spain
| | | | - Francisco J García-Breijo
- Dpto. Ecosistemas Agroforestales, Universidad Politécnica de Valencia, Camino de Vera s/n, 46022, Valencia, Spain
| | - José Reig-Armiñana
- Inst. "Cavanilles" de Biodiversidad y Biología Evolutiva, Botánica, Fac. CC. Biológicas, Universitat de València, Dr. Moliner 50, 46100, Burjassot, Spain
| | - Pedro Carrasco
- Estructura de Recerca Interdisciplinar en Biotecnologia i Biomedicina (ERI BIOTECMED), Universitat de València, Dr. Moliner 50, 46100, Burjassot, Spain
| | - Eva Barreno
- Inst. "Cavanilles" de Biodiversidad y Biología Evolutiva, Botánica, Fac. CC. Biológicas, Universitat de València, Dr. Moliner 50, 46100, Burjassot, Spain
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17
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Del Hoyo A, Álvarez R, Gasulla F, Casano LM, Del Campo EM. Origin and evolution of chloroplast group I introns in lichen algae. J Phycol 2018; 54:66-78. [PMID: 29057470 DOI: 10.1111/jpy.12600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2017] [Accepted: 10/03/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The history of group I introns is characterized by repeated horizontal transfers, even among phylogenetically distant species. The symbiogenetic thalli of lichens are good candidates for the horizontal transfer of genetic material among distantly related organisms, such as fungi and green algae. The main goal of this study was to determine whether there were different trends in intron distribution and properties among Chlorophyte algae based on their phylogenetic relationships and living conditions. Therefore, we investigated the occurrence, distribution and properties of group I introns within the chloroplast LSU rDNA in 87 Chlorophyte algae including lichen and free-living Trebouxiophyceae compared to free-living non-Trebouxiophyceae species. Overall, our findings showed that there was high diversity of group I introns and homing endonucleases (HEs) between Trebouxiophyceae and non-Trebouxiophyceae Chlorophyte algae, with divergence in their distribution patterns, frequencies and properties. However, the differences between lichen Trebouxiophyceae and free-living Trebouxiophyceae were smaller. An exception was the cL2449 intron, which was closely related to ω elements in yeasts. Such introns seem to occur more frequently in lichen Trebouxiophyceae compared to free-living Trebouxiophyceae. Our data suggest that lichenization and maintenance of lichen symbiosis for millions of years of evolution may have facilitated horizontal transfers of specific introns/HEs between symbionts. The data also suggest that sequencing of more chloroplast genes harboring group I introns in diverse algal groups may help us to understand the group I intron/HE transmission process within these organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alicia Del Hoyo
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Alcalá, Alcalá de Henares, 28805, Madrid, Spain
| | - Raquel Álvarez
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Alcalá, Alcalá de Henares, 28805, Madrid, Spain
| | - Francisco Gasulla
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Alcalá, Alcalá de Henares, 28805, Madrid, Spain
| | - Leonardo Mario Casano
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Alcalá, Alcalá de Henares, 28805, Madrid, Spain
| | - Eva María Del Campo
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Alcalá, Alcalá de Henares, 28805, Madrid, Spain
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18
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Carvalho EL, Maciel LF, Macedo PE, Dezordi FZ, Abreu MET, Victória FDC, Pereira AB, Boldo JT, Wallau GDL, Pinto PM. De novo Assembly and Annotation of the Antarctic Alga Prasiola crispa Transcriptome. Front Mol Biosci 2018; 4:89. [PMID: 29359133 PMCID: PMC5766667 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2017.00089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2017] [Accepted: 12/05/2017] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Evelise L Carvalho
- Applied Proteomics Laboratory, Federal University of Pampa, São Gabriel, Brazil
| | - Lucas F Maciel
- Applied Proteomics Laboratory, Federal University of Pampa, São Gabriel, Brazil
| | - Pablo E Macedo
- Applied Proteomics Laboratory, Federal University of Pampa, São Gabriel, Brazil
| | - Filipe Z Dezordi
- Applied Proteomics Laboratory, Federal University of Pampa, São Gabriel, Brazil
| | - Maria E T Abreu
- Applied Proteomics Laboratory, Federal University of Pampa, São Gabriel, Brazil
| | | | - Antônio B Pereira
- Núcleo de Estudos da Vegetação Antártica, Federal University of Pampa, São Gabriel, Brazil
| | - Juliano T Boldo
- Applied Proteomics Laboratory, Federal University of Pampa, São Gabriel, Brazil
| | | | - Paulo M Pinto
- Applied Proteomics Laboratory, Federal University of Pampa, São Gabriel, Brazil
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19
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Štenclová L, Fučíková K, Kaštovský J, Pažoutová M. Molecular and morphological delimitation and generic classification of the family Oocystaceae ( Trebouxiophyceae, Chlorophyta). J Phycol 2017; 53:1263-1282. [PMID: 28833138 DOI: 10.1111/jpy.12581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2016] [Accepted: 07/28/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The family Oocystaceae (Chlorophyta) is a group of morphologically and ultrastructurally distinct green algae that constitute a well-supported clade in the class Trebouxiophyceae. Despite the family's clear delimitation, which is based on specific cell wall features, only a few members of the Oocystaceae have been examined using data other than morphological. In previous studies of Trebouxiophyceae, after the establishment of molecular phylogeny, the taxonomic status of the family was called into question. The genus Oocystis proved to be paraphyletic and some species were excluded from Oocystaceae, while a few other species were newly redefined as members of this family. We investigated 54 strains assigned to the Oocystaceae using morphological, ultrastructural and molecular data (SSU rRNA and rbcL genes) to clarify the monophyly of and diversity within Oocystaceae. Oonephris obesa and Nephrocytium agardhianum clustered within the Chlorophyceae and thus are no longer members of the Oocystaceae. On the other hand, we transferred the coenobial Willea vilhelmii to the Oocystaceae. Our findings combined with those of previous studies resulted in the most robust definition of the family to date. The division of the family into three subfamilies and five morphological clades was suggested. Taxonomical adjustments in the genera Neglectella, Oocystidium, Oocystis, and Ooplanctella were established based on congruent molecular and morphological data. We expect further taxonomical changes in the genera Crucigeniella, Eremosphaera, Franceia, Lagerheimia, Oocystis, and Willea in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lenka Štenclová
- Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, Branišovská 31, České Budějovice, 37005, Czech Republic
| | - Karolina Fučíková
- Department of Natural Sciences, Assumption College, 500 Salisbury St., Worcester, Massachusetts, 01609, USA
| | - Jan Kaštovský
- Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, Branišovská 31, České Budějovice, 37005, Czech Republic
| | - Marie Pažoutová
- Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, Branišovská 31, České Budějovice, 37005, Czech Republic
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20
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Zahradníková M, Andersen HL, Tønsberg T, Beck A. Molecular Evidence of Apatococcus, including A. fuscideae sp. nov., as Photobiont in the Genus Fuscidea. Protist 2017; 168:425-438. [PMID: 28803921 DOI: 10.1016/j.protis.2017.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2017] [Revised: 06/14/2017] [Accepted: 06/19/2017] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
The knowledge of the taxonomy and classification of algae (including lichenized) has recently increased rapidly, but there are still many gaps. We aimed to 1) identify the Fuscidea photobionts by locating their taxonomic positions in the green algal classification, and 2) to resolve their interspecific relationships. The lichenized algae were examined based on morphological observations of axenic isolates as well as molecular studies of 18S and ITS nrDNA sequences. Analysis of the secondary structure of the ITS2 operon complemented these investigations. We found that the Fuscidea photobionts were placed within the Trebouxiophyceae, related to Apatococcus lobatus (Chodat) J.B.Petersen. Phylogenetic analyses revealed one clade nesting free-living and lichenized Apatococcus F.Brand which comprised six different lineages in the ITS phylogeny. The lichenized alga associated with the investigated Fuscidea species, except for F. lightfootii (Sm.) Coppins & James, represents a hitherto unknown lineage within Apatococcus. Fuscidea lightfootii was lichenized with a separate lineage within Apatococcus, together with free-living members, which were already known from Genbank sequences. All retrieved groups within Apatococcus were rather different in their ITS sequences, thus most likely corresponding to different species. The most common photobiont of Fuscidea species, Apatococcus fuscideae A.Beck & Zahradn., was described as new to science.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martina Zahradníková
- Department of Natural History, University Museum, University of Bergen, Allégaten 41, P.O. Box 7800, N-5020 Bergen, Norway.
| | - Heidi L Andersen
- The Arboretum and Botanical Gardens, Department of Natural History, University Museum, University of Bergen, Allégaten 41, P.O. Box 7800, N-5020 Bergen, Norway
| | - Tor Tønsberg
- Department of Natural History, University Museum, University of Bergen, Allégaten 41, P.O. Box 7800, N-5020 Bergen, Norway
| | - Andreas Beck
- Department of Lichenology and Bryology, Botanische Staatssammlung München, 80638 München, Germany
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21
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Hallmann C, Hoppert M, Mudimu O, Friedl T. Biodiversity of green algae covering artificial hard substrate surfaces in a suburban environment: a case study using molecular approaches. J Phycol 2016; 52:732-744. [PMID: 27288109 DOI: 10.1111/jpy.12437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2014] [Accepted: 05/19/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
In Middle European suburban environments green algae often cover open surfaces of artificial hard substrates. Microscopy reveals the Apatococcus/Desmococcus morphotype predominant over smaller coccoid forms. Adverse conditions such as limited water availability connected with high PAR and UV irradiance may narrow the algal diversity to a few specialists in these subaerial habitats. We used rRNA gene cloning/sequencing from both DNA extracts of the biofilms without culturing as well as cultures, for the unambiguous determination of the algal composition and to assess the algal diversity more comprehensively. The culture independent approach revealed mainly just two genera (Apatococcus, Trebouxia) for all study sites and five molecular operational taxonomic units (OTUs) for a particular study site, which based on microscopic observation was the one with the highest morphological diversity. The culture approach, however, revealed seven additional OTUs from five genera (Chloroidium, Coccomyxa, Coenochloris, Pabia, Klebsormidium) and an unidentified trebouxiophyte lineage for that same site; only two OTUs were shared by both approaches. Two OTUs or species were recovered for which references have been isolated only from Antarctica so far. However, the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) sequence differences among them supported they are representing distinct populations of the same species. Within Apatococcus five clearly distinct groups of ITS sequences, each putatively representing a distinct species, were recovered with three or four such ITS types co-occurring at the same study site. Except for the streptophyte Klebsormidium only members of Trebouxiophyceae were detected suggesting these algae may be particularly well-adapted to subaerial habitats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine Hallmann
- Experimental Phycology and Culture Collection of Algae (SAG), Albrecht-von-Haller-Institute for Plant Sciences, Georg August University Göttingen, Nikolausberger Weg 18, 37073, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Michael Hoppert
- Institute of Microbiology and Genetics, Georg August University Göttingen, Grisebachstraße 8, 37077, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Opayi Mudimu
- Experimental Phycology and Culture Collection of Algae (SAG), Albrecht-von-Haller-Institute for Plant Sciences, Georg August University Göttingen, Nikolausberger Weg 18, 37073, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Thomas Friedl
- Experimental Phycology and Culture Collection of Algae (SAG), Albrecht-von-Haller-Institute for Plant Sciences, Georg August University Göttingen, Nikolausberger Weg 18, 37073, Göttingen, Germany
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22
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Carniel FC, Gerdol M, Montagner A, Banchi E, De Moro G, Manfrin C, Muggia L, Pallavicini A, Tretiach M. New features of desiccation tolerance in the lichen photobiont Trebouxia gelatinosa are revealed by a transcriptomic approach. Plant Mol Biol 2016; 91:319-339. [PMID: 26992400 DOI: 10.1007/s11103-016-0468-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2015] [Accepted: 03/04/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Trebouxia is the most common lichen-forming genus of aero-terrestrial green algae and all its species are desiccation tolerant (DT). The molecular bases of this remarkable adaptation are, however, still largely unknown. We applied a transcriptomic approach to a common member of the genus, T. gelatinosa, to investigate the alteration of gene expression occurring after dehydration and subsequent rehydration in comparison to cells kept constantly hydrated. We sequenced, de novo assembled and annotated the transcriptome of axenically cultured T. gelatinosa by using Illumina sequencing technology. We tracked the expression profiles of over 13,000 protein-coding transcripts. During the dehydration/rehydration cycle c. 92 % of the total protein-coding transcripts displayed a stable expression, suggesting that the desiccation tolerance of T. gelatinosa mostly relies on constitutive mechanisms. Dehydration and rehydration affected mainly the gene expression for components of the photosynthetic apparatus, the ROS-scavenging system, Heat Shock Proteins, aquaporins, expansins, and desiccation related proteins (DRPs), which are highly diversified in T. gelatinosa, whereas Late Embryogenesis Abundant Proteins were not affected. Only some of these phenomena were previously observed in other DT green algae, bryophytes and resurrection plants, other traits being distinctive of T. gelatinosa, and perhaps related to its symbiotic lifestyle. Finally, the phylogenetic inference extended to DRPs of other chlorophytes, embryophytes and bacteria clearly pointed out that DRPs of chlorophytes are not orthologous to those of embryophytes: some of them were likely acquired through horizontal gene transfer from extremophile bacteria which live in symbiosis within the lichen thallus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabio Candotto Carniel
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita, Università degli Studi di Trieste, via L. Giorgieri, 10, 34127, Trieste, Italy
- Institute of Botany, University of Innsbruck, Sternwartestraße, 15, 6020, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Marco Gerdol
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita, Università degli Studi di Trieste, via L. Giorgieri, 10, 34127, Trieste, Italy.
| | - Alice Montagner
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita, Università degli Studi di Trieste, via L. Giorgieri, 10, 34127, Trieste, Italy
| | - Elisa Banchi
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita, Università degli Studi di Trieste, via L. Giorgieri, 10, 34127, Trieste, Italy
| | - Gianluca De Moro
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita, Università degli Studi di Trieste, via L. Giorgieri, 10, 34127, Trieste, Italy
| | - Chiara Manfrin
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita, Università degli Studi di Trieste, via L. Giorgieri, 10, 34127, Trieste, Italy
| | - Lucia Muggia
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita, Università degli Studi di Trieste, via L. Giorgieri, 10, 34127, Trieste, Italy
| | - Alberto Pallavicini
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita, Università degli Studi di Trieste, via L. Giorgieri, 10, 34127, Trieste, Italy
| | - Mauro Tretiach
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita, Università degli Studi di Trieste, via L. Giorgieri, 10, 34127, Trieste, Italy
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23
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Gustavs L, Schumann R, Karsten U, Lorenz M. Mixotrophy in the terrestrial green alga Apatococcus lobatus ( Trebouxiophyceae, Chlorophyta). J Phycol 2016; 52:311-314. [PMID: 27037595 DOI: 10.1111/jpy.12381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2015] [Accepted: 12/25/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The green microalga Apatococcus lobatus is widely distributed in terrestrial habitats throughout many climatic zones. It dominates green biofilms on natural and artificial substrata in temperate latitudes and is regarded as a key genus of obligate terrestrial consortia. Until now, its isolation, cultivation and application as a terrestrial model organism has been hampered by slow growth rates and low growth capacities. A mixotrophic culturing approach clearly enhanced the accumulation of biomass, thereby permitting the future application of A. lobatus in different types of bio-assays necessary for material and biofilm research. The ability of A. lobatus to grow mixotrophically is assumed as a competitive advantage in terrestrial habitats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lydia Gustavs
- Institute of Biological Sciences, Applied Ecology and Phycology, University of Rostock, Albert-Einstein-Strasse 3, Rostock, 18051, Germany
| | - Rhena Schumann
- Institute of Biological Sciences, Applied Ecology and Phycology, University of Rostock, Albert-Einstein-Strasse 3, Rostock, 18051, Germany
| | - Ulf Karsten
- Institute of Biological Sciences, Applied Ecology and Phycology, University of Rostock, Albert-Einstein-Strasse 3, Rostock, 18051, Germany
| | - Maike Lorenz
- Albrecht-von-Haller-Institute for Plant Sciences, Experimental Phycology and Culture Collection of Algae (SAG), Georg-August-University Göttingen, Nikolausberger Weg 18, Göttingen, 37073, Germany
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24
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Turmel M, Otis C, Lemieux C. Dynamic Evolution of the Chloroplast Genome in the Green Algal Classes Pedinophyceae and Trebouxiophyceae. Genome Biol Evol 2015; 7:2062-82. [PMID: 26139832 PMCID: PMC4524492 DOI: 10.1093/gbe/evv130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/28/2015] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Previous studies of trebouxiophycean chloroplast genomes revealed little information regarding the evolutionary dynamics of this genome because taxon sampling was too sparse and the relationships between the sampled taxa were unknown. We recently sequenced the chloroplast genomes of 27 trebouxiophycean and 2 pedinophycean green algae to resolve the relationships among the main lineages recognized for the Trebouxiophyceae. These taxa and the previously sampled members of the Pedinophyceae and Trebouxiophyceae are included in the comparative chloroplast genome analysis we report here. The 38 genomes examined display considerable variability at all levels, except gene content. Our results highlight the high propensity of the rDNA-containing large inverted repeat (IR) to vary in size, gene content and gene order as well as the repeated losses it experienced during trebouxiophycean evolution. Of the seven predicted IR losses, one event demarcates a superclade of 11 taxa representing 5 late-diverging lineages. IR expansions/contractions account not only for changes in gene content in this region but also for changes in gene order and gene duplications. Inversions also led to gene rearrangements within the IR, including the reversal or disruption of the rDNA operon in some lineages. Most of the 20 IR-less genomes are more rearranged compared with their IR-containing homologs and tend to show an accelerated rate of sequence evolution. In the IR-less superclade, several ancestral operons were disrupted, a few genes were fragmented, and a subgroup of taxa features a G+C-biased nucleotide composition. Our analyses also unveiled putative cases of gene acquisitions through horizontal transfer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monique Turmel
- Département de Biochimie, de Microbiologie et de Bio-Informatique, Institut de Biologie Intégrative et des Systèmes, Université Laval, Québec, Québec, Canada
| | - Christian Otis
- Département de Biochimie, de Microbiologie et de Bio-Informatique, Institut de Biologie Intégrative et des Systèmes, Université Laval, Québec, Québec, Canada
| | - Claude Lemieux
- Département de Biochimie, de Microbiologie et de Bio-Informatique, Institut de Biologie Intégrative et des Systèmes, Université Laval, Québec, Québec, Canada
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Abstract
Complete mitochondrial genome of Botryococcus braunii strain Showa was assembled and annotated. It contains 31 protein-coding genes, 23 tRNA genes and 3 rRNA (23S, 16S, 5S rRNA) genes. The 31 protein-coding genes include 5 atp genes, 3 cox genes, 9 nad genes, 12 ribosomal protein genes, cob and tatC genes. The presence of extra non-coding regions makes it currently the largest mitochondrial genome in Trebouxiophyceae. Phylogenetic analysis showed Botryococcus braunii strain Showa clustered into Trebouxiophyceae clade and had close genetic relationship with algae Coccomyxa sp. C-169.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiajun Zou
- a College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China , Qingdao , China
| | - Guiqi Bi
- a College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China , Qingdao , China
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26
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Fučíková K, Pažoutová M, Rindi F. Meiotic genes and sexual reproduction in the green algal class Trebouxiophyceae (Chlorophyta). J Phycol 2015; 51:419-430. [PMID: 26986659 DOI: 10.1111/jpy.12293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2014] [Accepted: 01/12/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Sexual reproduction is widespread in eukaryotes and is well documented in chlorophytan green algae. In this lineage, however, the Trebouxiophyceae represent a striking exception: in contrast to its relatives Chlorophyceae and Ulvophyceae this group appears to be mostly asexual, as fertilization has been rarely observed. Assessments of sexual reproduction in the Trebouxiophyceae have been based on microscopic observation of gametes fusing. New genomic data offer now the opportunity to check for the presence of meiotic genes, which represent an indirect evidence of a sexual life cycle. Using genomic and transcriptomic data for 12 taxa spanning the phylogenetic breadth of the class, we tried to clarify whether genuine asexuality or cryptic sexuality is the most likely case for the numerous putatively asexual trebouxiophytes. On the basis of these data and a bibliographic review, we conclude that the view of trebouxiophytes as primarily asexual is incorrect. In contrast to the limited number of reports of fertilization, meiotic genes were found in all genomes and transcriptomes examined, even in species presumed asexual. In the taxa examined the totality or majority of the genes were present, Helicosporidium and Auxenochlorella being the only partial exceptions (only four genes present). The evidence of sex provided by the meiotic genes is phylogenetically widespread in the class and indicates that sexual reproduction is not associated with any particular morphological or ecological trait. On the basis of the results, we expect that the existence of the meiotic genes will be documented in all trebouxiophycean genomes that will become available in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karolina Fučíková
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Connecticut, 75 North Eagleville Road, Storrs, Connecticut, 06269-3043, USA
| | - Marie Pažoutová
- Department of Botany, Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, Ceske Budejovice, 37005, Czech Republic
- Institute of Parasitology, Biology Centre AS CR, Ceske Budejovice, 37005, Czech Republic
| | - Fabio Rindi
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita e dell'Ambiente, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Via Brecce Bianche, Ancona, 60131, Italy
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27
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Nováková R, Neustupa J. Microalgal biofilms on common yew needles in relation to anthropogenic air pollution in urban Prague, Czech Republic. Sci Total Environ 2015; 508:7-12. [PMID: 25434849 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2014.11.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2014] [Revised: 11/06/2014] [Accepted: 11/07/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Excessive occurrence of microalgae on needles of gymnosperms was reported for the first time in the 1980s from the Scandinavian countries. Since then, it has been repeatedly encountered on needles from various European forest habitats. The abundance of these biofilms has been related to the climatic conditions, such as temperature and precipitation, as well as to the air pollution by nitrogen and sulfur oxides. Urban areas typically have relatively homogenous climates and profound variation in levels of air pollution. Therefore, variation in the occurrence of biofilms in localities within an urban area may be related to local anthropogenic air pollution. We investigated the abundance of biofilms occurring on needles of the common yew (Taxus baccata) in the city of Prague, Czech Republic. The biofilms were composed of algae, fungi and particulate matter. The cover area of the biofilms was marginally explained by a positive influence of short-term maximum atmospheric levels of nitrogen dioxide (NO2). The amounts of the microalgae were also positively influenced by short-term maximum NO2 levels. In addition, high atmospheric levels of particulate matter (PM10) were related to low abundance of algae. The microbial biofilms growing on widely cultivated conifers, such as the common yew, form one of the few commonly occurring natural communities in highly urbanized central areas of temperate European cities. Consequently, we propose that microscopic analysis of biofilms may be used as a rapid and cheap method to collect ecological data. Such data may be used in biomonitoring schemes illustrating the effects of anthropogenic air pollution on natural microcommunities in urban areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Radka Nováková
- Department of Botany, Faculty of Science, Charles University Prague, Benatska 2, Praha 2, CZ-12801, Czech Republic.
| | - Jiří Neustupa
- Department of Botany, Faculty of Science, Charles University Prague, Benatska 2, Praha 2, CZ-12801, Czech Republic.
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28
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Werth S, Sork VL. Ecological specialization in Trebouxia ( Trebouxiophyceae) photobionts of Ramalina menziesii (Ramalinaceae) across six range-covering ecoregions of western North America. Am J Bot 2014; 101:1127-1140. [PMID: 25016008 DOI: 10.3732/ajb.1400025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
• Premise of the study: Many lichens exhibit extensive ranges spanning several ecoregions. It has been hypothesized that this wide ecological amplitude is facilitated by fungal association with locally adapted photobiont strains.• Methods: We studied the identity and geographic distribution of photobionts of the widely distributed North American lichen Ramalina menziesii based on rbcL (chloroplast DNA) and nuclear ribosomal ITS DNA sequences. To test for ecological specialization, we associate photobiont genotypes with local climate and phorophyte.• Key results: Of the photobiont lineages of R. menziesii, 94% belong to a clade including Trebouxia decolorans. The remaining are related to T. jamesii. The photobionts showed (1) significant structure according to ecoregion and phorophyte species and (2) genetic associations with phorophyte species and climate.• Conclusions: Geography, climate, and ecological specialization shape genetic differentiation of lichen photobionts. One great advantage of independent dispersal of the fungus is symbiotic association with locally adapted photobiont strains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silke Werth
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California Los Angeles, Box 957239, Los Angeles, California 90095-7239 USA Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Iceland, Sturlugata 7, 101 Reykjavík, Iceland Biodiversity and Conservation Biology, Swiss Federal Research Institute WSL, Zürcherstrasse 111, CH-8903 Birmensdorf, Switzerland
| | - Victoria L Sork
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California Los Angeles, Box 957239, Los Angeles, California 90095-7239 USA Institute of the Environment and Sustainability, University of California Los Angeles, Box 951496, Los Angeles, California 90095-1496 USA
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29
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Nyati S, Bhattacharya D, Werth S, Honegger R. Phylogenetic analysis of LSU and SSU rDNA group I introns of lichen photobionts associated with the genera Xanthoria and Xanthomendoza (Teloschistaceae, lichenized Ascomycetes). J Phycol 2013; 49:10.1111/jpy.12126. [PMID: 24415800 PMCID: PMC3885279 DOI: 10.1111/jpy.12126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
We studied group I introns in sterile cultures of selected groups of lichen photobionts, focusing on Trebouxia species associated with Xanthoria s. lat. (including Xanthomendoza spp.; lichen-forming ascomycetes). Group I introns were found inserted after position 798 (Escherichia coli numbering) in the large subunit (LSU) rRNA in representatives of the green algal genera Trebouxia and Asterochloris. The 798 intron was found in about 25% of Xanthoria photobionts including several reference strains obtained from algal culture collections. An alignment of LSU-encoded rDNA intron sequences revealed high similarity of these sequences allowing their phylogenetic analysis. The 798 group I intron phylogeny was largely congruent with a phylogeny of the Internal Transcribed Spacer Region (ITS), indicating that the insertion of the intron most likely occurred in the common ancestor of the genera Trebouxia and Asterochloris. The intron was vertically inherited in some taxa, but lost in others. The high sequence similarity of this intron to one found in Chlorella angustoellipsoidea suggests that the 798 intron was either present in the common ancestor of Trebouxiophyceae, or that its present distribution results from more recent horizontal transfers, followed by vertical inheritance and loss. Analysis of another group I intron shared by these photobionts at small subunit (SSU) position 1512 supports the hypothesis of repeated lateral transfers of this intron among some taxa, but loss among others. Our data confirm that the history of group I introns is characterized by repeated horizontal transfers, and suggests that some of these introns have ancient origins within Chlorophyta.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shyam Nyati
- Author for correspondence: phone: +1 734 763 0921 fax: +1 734 763 5447
| | - Debashish Bhattacharya
- Department of Ecology, Evolution and Natural Resources and Institute of Marine and Coastal Science, Rutgers University, 59 Dudley Road, New Brunswick, New Jersey 08901, USA
| | - Silke Werth
- Faculty of Life- and Environmental Sciences, University of Iceland, Sturlugata 7, 101 Reykjavík, Iceland
| | - Rosmarie Honegger
- Institute of Plant Biology, University of Zurich, Zollikerstrasse 107, 8008 Zurich, Switzerland
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30
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Rattmann YD, Malquevicz-Paiva SM, Iacomini M, Cordeiro LMC. Galactofuranose-rich polysaccharides from Trebouxia sp. induce inflammation and exacerbate lethality by sepsis in mice. Phytochemistry 2013; 94:206-210. [PMID: 23809631 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2013.05.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2013] [Revised: 05/10/2013] [Accepted: 05/29/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Trebouxia sp. is a genus of green algae that is a symbiotic partner of lichenized fungi. Previous studies conduced demonstrated that Trebouxia sp. is able to produce galactofuranose-rich polysaccharides (β-d-galactofuranan, mannogalactofuranan), which were able to activate macrophages in vitro. The present study was proposed to investigate the effects of SK10 polysaccharides fraction from Trebouxia sp. on the model of polymicrobial sepsis induced by cecal ligation and puncture in mice in vivo. The subcutaneous administration of SK10 increased the late mortality rate by 20%, stimulated neutrophil accumulation in lungs (indirectly measured through myeloperoxidase activity) and also Interleukin-1β, creatinine and glucose serum levels. Moreover this study demonstrates the in vivo proinflammatory effects of polymers of galactofuranose and that they can act as pathogen-associated molecular patterns being highly recognized by the immune system of mammals, even if they come from a non-pathogenic microorganism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanna D Rattmann
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular, Universidade Federal do Paraná, CP 19046, CEP 81531-980 Curitiba, PR, Brazil
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31
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Bock C, Luo W, Kusber WH, Hegewald E, Pažoutová M, Krienitz L. Classification of crucigenoid algae: phylogenetic position of the reinstated genus Lemmermannia, Tetrastrum spp. Crucigenia tetrapedia, and C. lauterbornii ( Trebouxiophyceae, Chlorophyta)(1). J Phycol 2013; 49:329-339. [PMID: 27008519 DOI: 10.1111/jpy.12039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2012] [Accepted: 10/16/2012] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The subfamily Crucigenioideae was traditionally classified within the well-characterized family Scenedesmaceae (Chlorophyceae). Several morpho-logical revisions and questionable taxonomic changes hampered the correct classification of crucigenoid species resulting in a high number of synonymous genera. We used a molecular approach to determine the phylogenetic position of several Tetrastrum and Crucigenia species. The molecular results were correlated with morphological and ontogenetic characters. Phylogenetic analyses of the SSU rDNA gene resolved the position of Tetrastrum heteracanthum and T. staurogeniaeforme as a new lineage within the Oocystis clade of the Trebouxiophyceae. Crucigenia tetrapedia, T. triangulare, T. punctatum, and T. komarekii were shown to be closely related to Botryococcus (Trebouxiophyceae) and were transferred to Lemmer-mannia. Crucigenia lauterbornii was not closely related to the other Crucigenia strains, but was recovered within the Chlorella clade of the Trebouxiophyceae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina Bock
- Department of General Botany, Faculty of Biology, University Duisburg-Essen, Universitätsstr. 5, Essen, D-45141, Germany
- Department of Limnology of Stratified Lakes, Leibniz-Institute of Freshwater Ecology and Inland Fisheries, Alte Fischerhütte 2, Stechlin-Neuglobsow, D-16775, Germany
| | - Wei Luo
- SOA Key Laboratory for Polar Science, Polar Research Institute of China, Jin Qiao Road, Shanghai, 200136, China
| | - Wolf-Henning Kusber
- Botanic Garden and Botanical Museum Berlin-Dahlem, Freie Universität Berlin, Königin-Luise-Str. 6-8, Berlin, 14195, Germany
| | | | - Marie Pažoutová
- Department of Botany, Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, Ceske Budejovice, 37005, Czech Republic
| | - Lothar Krienitz
- Department of Limnology of Stratified Lakes, Leibniz-Institute of Freshwater Ecology and Inland Fisheries, Alte Fischerhütte 2, Stechlin-Neuglobsow, D-16775, Germany
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32
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Mikhailyuk TI, Sluiman HJ, Massalski A, Mudimu O, Demchenko EM, Kondratyuk SY, Friedl T. NEW STREPTOPHYTE GREEN ALGAE FROM TERRESTRIAL HABITATS AND AN ASSESSMENT OF THE GENUS INTERFILUM (KLEBSORMIDIOPHYCEAE, STREPTOPHYTA)(1). J Phycol 2008; 44:1586-603. [PMID: 27039871 DOI: 10.1111/j.1529-8817.2008.00606.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Sarcinoid aeroterrestrial green algae were isolated from three arid locations in Ukraine and the Czech Republic. Although gross morphology suggested an affinity with Desmococcus (for taxonomic authorities, see Table S1 in the supplementary material), the cellular morphological characteristics were reminiscent of those of Geminella terricola. However, the presence of a complex of ultrastructural features indicated that these isolates were members of the streptophyte lineage in the green plants. 18S rDNA sequence phylogenies provided evidence of a close relationship with Klebsormidium in the Streptophyta, while the position of Desmococcus was within the Trebouxiophyceae. In the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) rDNA phylogeny, the sarcinoid isolates were closely related with strains of G. terricola and Interfilum paradoxum. Strains of that clade were morphologically united by a specific type of cell division that involves the association of persistent, cap-shaped remains of the mother cell wall with daughter cells. Consequently, these strains were assigned to a redefined genus Interfilum, and a new species, I. massjukiae, was described to accommodate one of the sarcinoid isolates. As the position of the genus Geminella was in the Trebouxiophyceae, the streptophyte G. terricola was transferred to Interfilum, as I. terricola comb. nov., but the ITS rDNA analyses proved inconclusive to resolve its affinities with other species of Interfilum due to intragenomic polymorphisms. The species of Interfilum had a closer relationship with K. flaccidum than with other species of Klebsormidium. The latter genus may not be monophyletic in its present circumscription.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatiana I Mikhailyuk
- M.H. Kholodny Institute of Botany, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Tereschenkivska St. 2, Kyiv, UA-01001, UkraineRoyal Botanic Garden Edinburgh, 20A Inverleith Row, Edinburgh EH3 5LR, Scotland, UKJan Kochanowski University of Humanities and Sciences, Institute of Biology, Department of Botany, Świetokrzyska St. 15, PL-25-406, Kielce, PolandExperimental Phycology and Culture Collection of Algae, Georg-August University Göttingen, Untere Karspüle 2, 37073 Göttingen, GermanyDepartment of Botany, Taras Shevchenko Kyiv National University, Volodymyrska St. 64, Kyiv, UA-01017, UkraineM.H. Kholodny Institute of Botany, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Tereschenkivska St. 2, Kyiv, UA-01001, UkraineExperimental Phycology and Culture Collection of Algae, Georg-August University Göttingen, Untere Karspüle 2, 37073 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Hans J Sluiman
- M.H. Kholodny Institute of Botany, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Tereschenkivska St. 2, Kyiv, UA-01001, UkraineRoyal Botanic Garden Edinburgh, 20A Inverleith Row, Edinburgh EH3 5LR, Scotland, UKJan Kochanowski University of Humanities and Sciences, Institute of Biology, Department of Botany, Świetokrzyska St. 15, PL-25-406, Kielce, PolandExperimental Phycology and Culture Collection of Algae, Georg-August University Göttingen, Untere Karspüle 2, 37073 Göttingen, GermanyDepartment of Botany, Taras Shevchenko Kyiv National University, Volodymyrska St. 64, Kyiv, UA-01017, UkraineM.H. Kholodny Institute of Botany, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Tereschenkivska St. 2, Kyiv, UA-01001, UkraineExperimental Phycology and Culture Collection of Algae, Georg-August University Göttingen, Untere Karspüle 2, 37073 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Andrzej Massalski
- M.H. Kholodny Institute of Botany, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Tereschenkivska St. 2, Kyiv, UA-01001, UkraineRoyal Botanic Garden Edinburgh, 20A Inverleith Row, Edinburgh EH3 5LR, Scotland, UKJan Kochanowski University of Humanities and Sciences, Institute of Biology, Department of Botany, Świetokrzyska St. 15, PL-25-406, Kielce, PolandExperimental Phycology and Culture Collection of Algae, Georg-August University Göttingen, Untere Karspüle 2, 37073 Göttingen, GermanyDepartment of Botany, Taras Shevchenko Kyiv National University, Volodymyrska St. 64, Kyiv, UA-01017, UkraineM.H. Kholodny Institute of Botany, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Tereschenkivska St. 2, Kyiv, UA-01001, UkraineExperimental Phycology and Culture Collection of Algae, Georg-August University Göttingen, Untere Karspüle 2, 37073 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Opayi Mudimu
- M.H. Kholodny Institute of Botany, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Tereschenkivska St. 2, Kyiv, UA-01001, UkraineRoyal Botanic Garden Edinburgh, 20A Inverleith Row, Edinburgh EH3 5LR, Scotland, UKJan Kochanowski University of Humanities and Sciences, Institute of Biology, Department of Botany, Świetokrzyska St. 15, PL-25-406, Kielce, PolandExperimental Phycology and Culture Collection of Algae, Georg-August University Göttingen, Untere Karspüle 2, 37073 Göttingen, GermanyDepartment of Botany, Taras Shevchenko Kyiv National University, Volodymyrska St. 64, Kyiv, UA-01017, UkraineM.H. Kholodny Institute of Botany, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Tereschenkivska St. 2, Kyiv, UA-01001, UkraineExperimental Phycology and Culture Collection of Algae, Georg-August University Göttingen, Untere Karspüle 2, 37073 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Eduard M Demchenko
- M.H. Kholodny Institute of Botany, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Tereschenkivska St. 2, Kyiv, UA-01001, UkraineRoyal Botanic Garden Edinburgh, 20A Inverleith Row, Edinburgh EH3 5LR, Scotland, UKJan Kochanowski University of Humanities and Sciences, Institute of Biology, Department of Botany, Świetokrzyska St. 15, PL-25-406, Kielce, PolandExperimental Phycology and Culture Collection of Algae, Georg-August University Göttingen, Untere Karspüle 2, 37073 Göttingen, GermanyDepartment of Botany, Taras Shevchenko Kyiv National University, Volodymyrska St. 64, Kyiv, UA-01017, UkraineM.H. Kholodny Institute of Botany, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Tereschenkivska St. 2, Kyiv, UA-01001, UkraineExperimental Phycology and Culture Collection of Algae, Georg-August University Göttingen, Untere Karspüle 2, 37073 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Sergej Ya Kondratyuk
- M.H. Kholodny Institute of Botany, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Tereschenkivska St. 2, Kyiv, UA-01001, UkraineRoyal Botanic Garden Edinburgh, 20A Inverleith Row, Edinburgh EH3 5LR, Scotland, UKJan Kochanowski University of Humanities and Sciences, Institute of Biology, Department of Botany, Świetokrzyska St. 15, PL-25-406, Kielce, PolandExperimental Phycology and Culture Collection of Algae, Georg-August University Göttingen, Untere Karspüle 2, 37073 Göttingen, GermanyDepartment of Botany, Taras Shevchenko Kyiv National University, Volodymyrska St. 64, Kyiv, UA-01017, UkraineM.H. Kholodny Institute of Botany, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Tereschenkivska St. 2, Kyiv, UA-01001, UkraineExperimental Phycology and Culture Collection of Algae, Georg-August University Göttingen, Untere Karspüle 2, 37073 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Thomas Friedl
- M.H. Kholodny Institute of Botany, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Tereschenkivska St. 2, Kyiv, UA-01001, UkraineRoyal Botanic Garden Edinburgh, 20A Inverleith Row, Edinburgh EH3 5LR, Scotland, UKJan Kochanowski University of Humanities and Sciences, Institute of Biology, Department of Botany, Świetokrzyska St. 15, PL-25-406, Kielce, PolandExperimental Phycology and Culture Collection of Algae, Georg-August University Göttingen, Untere Karspüle 2, 37073 Göttingen, GermanyDepartment of Botany, Taras Shevchenko Kyiv National University, Volodymyrska St. 64, Kyiv, UA-01017, UkraineM.H. Kholodny Institute of Botany, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Tereschenkivska St. 2, Kyiv, UA-01001, UkraineExperimental Phycology and Culture Collection of Algae, Georg-August University Göttingen, Untere Karspüle 2, 37073 Göttingen, Germany
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