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Sägesser C, Kallfelz JM, Boulos S, Hammer L, Böcker L, Portmann R, Nyström L, Mathys A. A novel approach for the protein determination in food-relevant microalgae. Bioresour Technol 2023; 390:129849. [PMID: 37813318 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2023.129849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2023] [Revised: 10/06/2023] [Accepted: 10/06/2023] [Indexed: 10/11/2023]
Abstract
Microalgae are gaining interest as food ingredient. Assessments of functional and nutritional properties are necessary to forward their implementation. In this study, protein content and composition of eight commercially available microalgae biomasses were determined and compared to conventional food proteins. A novel procedure for the determination of the true protein content was proposed: Multiplication of proteinic nitrogen with a sample-specific nitrogen-to-protein conversion factor kA. The proteinic nitrogen was derived from the difference of total nitrogen minus non-protein nitrogen. The average kA for microalgae was 5.3 and considerable variation between different microalgae biomasses were detected. In addition, the content of non-protein nitrogen varied between 3.4% and 15.4%. The amino acid profiles of Chlorella samples were nutritionally superior to the tested plant proteins but indicated lower protein interaction tendency, potentially limiting their structuring functionality. In contrast, Auxenochlorella contained lower amounts of indispensable amino acids while showing comparable interaction potential to plant proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Corina Sägesser
- Sustainable Food Processing Laboratory, Department of Health Sciences and Technology, ETH Zurich, Schmelzbergstrasse 9, 8092 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Johanna M Kallfelz
- Sustainable Food Processing Laboratory, Department of Health Sciences and Technology, ETH Zurich, Schmelzbergstrasse 9, 8092 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Samy Boulos
- Laboratory of Food Biochemistry, Department of Health Sciences and Technology, ETH Zurich, Schmelzbergstrasse 9, 8092 Zürich, Switzerland.
| | - Laila Hammer
- Development and Analytics Research Division, Agroscope, Schwarzenburgstrasse 161, 3003 Bern, Switzerland; Department of Health, Swiss Distance University of Health (FFSH), Zollstrasse 11, 8005 Zürich, Switzerland; Division of Human Nutrition and Health, Wageningen University and Research, Stippeneng 4, 6708 Wageningen, Netherlands
| | - Lukas Böcker
- Sustainable Food Processing Laboratory, Department of Health Sciences and Technology, ETH Zurich, Schmelzbergstrasse 9, 8092 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Reto Portmann
- Development and Analytics Research Division, Agroscope, Schwarzenburgstrasse 161, 3003 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Laura Nyström
- Laboratory of Food Biochemistry, Department of Health Sciences and Technology, ETH Zurich, Schmelzbergstrasse 9, 8092 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Alexander Mathys
- Sustainable Food Processing Laboratory, Department of Health Sciences and Technology, ETH Zurich, Schmelzbergstrasse 9, 8092 Zürich, Switzerland.
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Kim EJ, Chae H, Yu J, Kim H, Cho SM, Shin SC, Choi HG, Kim S, Han SJ. Mitochondrial genome of the Antarctic microalga Micractinium simplicissimum KSF0127 ( Chlorellaceae, Trebouxiophyceae). Mitochondrial DNA B Resour 2021; 6:878-879. [PMID: 33796665 PMCID: PMC7971331 DOI: 10.1080/23802359.2021.1886010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
We report the first mitochondrial genome of the Antarctic microalga Micractinium simplicissimum KSF0127. The circular mitochondrial genome was 67,923 bp in length and contained 45 protein-coding genes, one ribosomal RNA gene, and 60 transfer RNA genes. The phylogenetic tree was constructed with eight previously reported mitogenome sequences and showed the phylogenetic position of M. simplicissimum KSF0127 within the Chlorellaceae family.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eun Jae Kim
- Division of Life Sciences, Korea Polar Research Institute, Incheon, South Korea
| | - Hyunsik Chae
- Division of Life Sciences, Korea Polar Research Institute, Incheon, South Korea.,School of Life Sciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, South Korea
| | - Jihyeon Yu
- Division of Life Sciences, Korea Polar Research Institute, Incheon, South Korea
| | - Hyunjoong Kim
- Division of Life Sciences, Korea Polar Research Institute, Incheon, South Korea.,Department of Systems Biology, Institute of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Sung Mi Cho
- Division of Life Sciences, Korea Polar Research Institute, Incheon, South Korea
| | - Seung Chul Shin
- Division of Life Sciences, Korea Polar Research Institute, Incheon, South Korea
| | - Han-Gu Choi
- Division of Life Sciences, Korea Polar Research Institute, Incheon, South Korea
| | - Sanghee Kim
- Division of Life Sciences, Korea Polar Research Institute, Incheon, South Korea
| | - Se Jong Han
- Division of Life Sciences, Korea Polar Research Institute, Incheon, South Korea.,Department of Polar Sciences, University of Science and Technology, Incheon, South Korea
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Dillon KP, Correa F, Judon C, Sancelme M, Fennell DE, Delort AM, Amato P. Cyanobacteria and Algae in Clouds and Rain in the Area of puy de Dôme, Central France. Appl Environ Microbiol 2020; 87:e01850-20. [PMID: 33097513 DOI: 10.1128/AEM.01850-20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2020] [Accepted: 10/10/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The atmosphere contains diverse living microbes, of which the heterotrophic community has been the best studied. Microbes with other trophic modes, such as photoautotrophy, have received much less attention. In this study, culture-independent and dependent methods were used to examine the presence and diversity of oxygenic photoautotrophic microbes in clouds and rain collected at or around puy de Dôme Mountain, central France. Cloud water was collected from the summit of puy de Dôme (1,465 m above sea level [a.s.l.]) for cultivation and metagenomic analysis. Cyanobacteria, diatoms, green algae, and other oxygenic photoautotrophs were found to be recurrent members of clouds, while green algae affiliated with the Chlorellaceae were successfully cultured from three different clouds. Additionally, rain samples were collected below the mountain from Opme meteorological station (680 m a.s.l.). The abundance of chlorophyll a-containing cells and the diversity of cyanobacteria and green algae in rain were assessed by flow cytometry and amplicon sequencing. The corresponding downward flux of chlorophyll a-containing organisms to the ground, entering surface ecosystems with rain, varied with time and was estimated to be between ∼1 and >300 cells cm-2 day-1 during the sampling period. Besides abundant pollen from Pinales and Rosales, cyanobacteria of the Chroococcidiopsidales and green algae of the Trebouxiales were dominant in rain samples. Certain members of these taxa are known to be ubiquitous and stress tolerant and could use the atmosphere for dispersal. Overall, our results indicate that the atmosphere carries diverse, viable oxygenic photoautotrophic microbes and acts as a dispersal vector for this microbial guild.IMPORTANCE Information regarding the diversity and abundance of oxygenic photoautotrophs in the atmosphere is limited. More information from diverse locations is needed. These airborne organisms could have important impacts upon atmospheric processes and on the ecosystems they enter after deposition. Oxygenic photoautotrophic microbes are integral to ecosystem functioning, and some have the potential to affect human health. A better understanding of the diversity and the movements of these aeolian dispersed organisms is needed to understand their ecology, as well as how they could affect ecosystems and human health.
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Jo SW, Kang NS, Chae H, Lee JA, Kim KM, Yoon M, Hong JW, Yoon HS. Complete mitochondrial genome of Micractinium singularis MM0003 ( Chlorellaceae, Trebouxiophyceae). Mitochondrial DNA B Resour 2020; 5:837-838. [PMID: 33366774 PMCID: PMC7748831 DOI: 10.1080/23802359.2020.1715896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The mitochondrial genome of Micractinium singularis MM0003 was completely sequenced. This mitogenome has 75,931 bp in length and consists of 62 genes including 32 protein-coding, 3 rRNA, and 27 tRNA genes. The overall GC content of the genome is 27.5%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seung-Woo Jo
- Department of Energy Science, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Korea.,School of Life Sciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Korea
| | - Nam Seon Kang
- Department of Taxonomy and Systematics, National Marine Biodiversity Institute of Korea, Seocheon, Korea
| | - Hyunsik Chae
- School of Life Sciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Korea
| | - Jung A Lee
- Department of Taxonomy and Systematics, National Marine Biodiversity Institute of Korea, Seocheon, Korea
| | - Kyeong Mi Kim
- Department of Taxonomy and Systematics, National Marine Biodiversity Institute of Korea, Seocheon, Korea
| | - Moongeun Yoon
- Department of Taxonomy and Systematics, National Marine Biodiversity Institute of Korea, Seocheon, Korea
| | - Ji Won Hong
- Department of Taxonomy and Systematics, National Marine Biodiversity Institute of Korea, Seocheon, Korea
| | - Ho-Sung Yoon
- Department of Energy Science, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Korea.,School of Life Sciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Korea
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Kang NS, Jo SW, Lee JA, Kim KM, Jang HS, Kim ES, Yoon M, Hong JW, Yoon HS. Complete mitochondrial genome of Micractinium pusillum CCAP 231/1 ( Chlorellaceae, Trebouxiophyceae). Mitochondrial DNA B Resour 2019; 5:92-93. [PMID: 33366437 PMCID: PMC7720979 DOI: 10.1080/23802359.2019.1698341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The mitochondrial genome of Micractinium pusillum CCAP 231/1 was completely sequenced. This mitogenome has 70,061 bp in length and consists of 62 genes including 32 protein-coding, 3 rRNA, and 27 tRNA genes. The overall GC content of the genome is 31.3%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nam Seon Kang
- Department of Taxonomy and Systematics, National Marine Biodiversity Institute of Korea, Seocheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung-Woo Jo
- Department of Energy Science, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea.,School of Life Sciences, BK21 Plus KNU Creative BioResearch Group, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung A Lee
- Department of Taxonomy and Systematics, National Marine Biodiversity Institute of Korea, Seocheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyeong Mi Kim
- Department of Taxonomy and Systematics, National Marine Biodiversity Institute of Korea, Seocheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyeong Seok Jang
- Department of Taxonomy and Systematics, National Marine Biodiversity Institute of Korea, Seocheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun Song Kim
- Department of Taxonomy and Systematics, National Marine Biodiversity Institute of Korea, Seocheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Moongeun Yoon
- Department of Taxonomy and Systematics, National Marine Biodiversity Institute of Korea, Seocheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Won Hong
- Department of Taxonomy and Systematics, National Marine Biodiversity Institute of Korea, Seocheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Ho-Sung Yoon
- Department of Energy Science, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea.,School of Life Sciences, BK21 Plus KNU Creative BioResearch Group, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
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Jusoh M, Loh SH, Chuah TS, Aziz A, Cha TS. Indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) induced changes in oil content, fatty acid profiles and expression of four fatty acid biosynthetic genes in Chlorella vulgaris at early stationary growth phase. Phytochemistry 2015; 111:65-71. [PMID: 25583439 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2014.12.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2014] [Revised: 12/01/2014] [Accepted: 12/16/2014] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Microalgae lipids and oils are potential candidates for renewable biodiesel. Many microalgae species accumulate a substantial amount of lipids and oils under environmental stresses. However, low growth rate under these adverse conditions account for the decrease in overall biomass productivity which directly influence the oil yield. This study was undertaken to investigate the effect of exogenously added auxin (indole-3-acetic acid; IAA) on the oil content, fatty acid compositions, and the expression of fatty acid biosynthetic genes in Chlorella vulgaris (UMT-M1). Auxin has been shown to regulate growth and metabolite production of several microalgae. Results showed that oil accumulation was highest on days after treatment (DAT)-2 with enriched levels of palmitic (C16:0) and stearic (C18:0) acids, while the linoleic (C18:2) and α-linolenic (C18:3n3) acids levels were markedly reduced by IAA. The elevated levels of saturated fatty acids (C16:0 and C18:0) were consistent with high expression of the β-ketoacyl ACP synthase I (KAS I) gene, while low expression of omega-6 fatty acid desaturase (ω-6 FAD) gene was consistent with low production of C18:2. However, the increment of stearoyl-ACP desaturase (SAD) gene expression upon IAA induction did not coincide with oleic acid (C18:1) production. The expression of omega-3 fatty acid desaturase (ω-3 FAD) gene showed a positive correlation with the synthesis of PUFA and C18:3n3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Malinna Jusoh
- School of Fundamental Sciences, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, 21030 Kuala Terengganu, Terengganu, Malaysia.
| | - Saw Hong Loh
- School of Marine Science and Environment, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, 21030 Kuala Terengganu, Terengganu, Malaysia.
| | - Tse Seng Chuah
- School of Food Science and Technology, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, 21030 Kuala Terengganu, Terengganu, Malaysia.
| | - Ahmad Aziz
- School of Food Science and Technology, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, 21030 Kuala Terengganu, Terengganu, Malaysia.
| | - Thye San Cha
- School of Fundamental Sciences, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, 21030 Kuala Terengganu, Terengganu, Malaysia; Institute of Marine Biotechnology, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, 21030 Kuala Terengganu, Terengganu, Malaysia.
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