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Tiozzo C, Manzano C, Lin X, Bowler S, Gurzenda E, Botros B, Thomas K, Chavez M, Hanna I, Hanna N. Placental SARS-CoV-2 viral replication is associated with placental coagulopathy and neonatal complications. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2024; 230:e33-e37. [PMID: 37952868 PMCID: PMC10990825 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajog.2023.11.1222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2023] [Revised: 11/06/2023] [Accepted: 11/07/2023] [Indexed: 11/14/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Caterina Tiozzo
- Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY
| | - Claudia Manzano
- Women and Children's Research Laboratory, Departments of Foundations of Medicine, New York University-Grossman Long Island School of Medicine, Mineola, NY
| | - Xinhua Lin
- Women and Children's Research Laboratory, Departments of Foundations of Medicine, New York University-Grossman Long Island School of Medicine, Mineola, NY
| | - Selina Bowler
- Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, New York University-Langone Hospital-Long Island, New York University-Grossman Long Island School of Medicine, Mineola, NY
| | - Ellen Gurzenda
- Women and Children's Research Laboratory, Departments of Foundations of Medicine, New York University-Grossman Long Island School of Medicine, Mineola, NY
| | - Bishoy Botros
- Women and Children's Research Laboratory, Departments of Foundations of Medicine, New York University-Grossman Long Island School of Medicine, Mineola, NY
| | - Kristen Thomas
- Department of Pathology, New York University School of Medicine, NYU Langone Health - Main Campus & Bellevue Hospital Center, New York, NY
| | - Martin Chavez
- Division of Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, New York University-Langone Hospital-Long Island, New York University-Grossman Long Island School of Medicine, Mineola, NY
| | - Iman Hanna
- Department of Pathology, New York University-Langone Hospital-Long Island, New York University-Grossman Long Island School of Medicine, Mineola, NY
| | - Nazeeh Hanna
- Women and Children's Research Laboratory, Departments of Foundations of Medicine; Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, New York University-Langone Hospital-Long Island, New York University-Grossman Long Island School of Medicine, Mineola, NY 11501.
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2
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Huang X, Li Y, Tong X, Wu Y, Zhang R, Sheng L, Xu J, Yu Z, Chen Z, Sun T, Wang F, Yang Q, Li Z, Gao C, Ma L, Ding H, Zang S, Yang N, Zhang TN, Liu J. Increased Circulating IL-32 Is Associated With Placenta Macrophage-derived IL-32 and Gestational Diabetes Mellitus. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2024; 109:333-343. [PMID: 37708356 DOI: 10.1210/clinem/dgad531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2023] [Revised: 08/17/2023] [Accepted: 09/05/2023] [Indexed: 09/16/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Placenta-derived inflammation plays a vital role in the pathophysiology of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). IL-32 is a novel pro-inflammatory cytokine and metabolic regulator involved in the development of metabolic disease. We investigated the effect of IL-32 in GDM. MATERIALS AND METHODS First-trimester C-reactive protein (CRP) level was monitored in a case-control study of 186 women with GDM and 186 women without. Placental tissue was lysed and analyzed by high-resolution liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. Circulating level of inflammatory cytokines IL-32, IL-6, and TNF-α were measured by ELISA kits. The expression of placenta-derived macrophages, inflammatory cytokines, and related pathway proteins were assessed by reverse transcriptase-quantitative PCR, western blot, immunohistochemistry, or immunofluorescence. RESULTS First-trimester CRP level in peripheral blood was closely associated with glucose and insulin resistance index and was an independent correlation with the development of GDM. High-resolution liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry revealed that placenta-derived CRP expression was dramatically elevated in women with GDM. Interestingly, the expression of placenta-derived IL-32 was also increased and located in the macrophages of placental tissue. Meanwhile, the expression of IL-6, TNF-α, and p-p38 were up-regulated in the placental tissues with GDM. Either IL-6 or TNF-α was colocated with IL-32 in the placental tissue. Importantly, circulating IL-32 throughout pregnancy was increased in GDM and was related to placental-derived IL-32 expression, circulating IL-6, and TNF-α, glucose and insulin resistance index. CONCLUSION Increased circulating IL-32 throughout pregnancy was closely associated with placenta macrophage-derived IL-32 expression and GDM. First trimester IL-32 level in peripheral blood may serve to predict the development of GDM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinmei Huang
- Department of Endocrinology, Shanghai Fifth People's Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Yue Li
- Department of Endocrinology, Shanghai Fifth People's Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Xiaoxu Tong
- Department of Pediatrics, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110004, China
| | - Yueyue Wu
- Department of Endocrinology, Shanghai Fifth People's Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Rui Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology, Shanghai Fifth People's Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Li Sheng
- Department of Endocrinology, Shanghai Fifth People's Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Jiong Xu
- Department of Endocrinology, Shanghai Fifth People's Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Zhiyan Yu
- Department of Endocrinology, Shanghai Fifth People's Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Zaoping Chen
- Department of Endocrinology, Shanghai Fifth People's Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Tiange Sun
- Department of Endocrinology, Shanghai Fifth People's Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Fang Wang
- Department of Endocrinology, Shanghai Fifth People's Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Qian Yang
- Department of Endocrinology, Shanghai Fifth People's Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Zhangyan Li
- Department of Endocrinology, Shanghai Fifth People's Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Cuijun Gao
- Department of Obstetrics, Wujing Hospital, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Ling Ma
- Department of Obstetrics, Wujing Hospital, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Heyuan Ding
- Department of Endocrinology, Shanghai Fifth People's Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Shufei Zang
- Department of Endocrinology, Shanghai Fifth People's Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Ni Yang
- Department of Pediatrics, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110004, China
| | - Tie-Ning Zhang
- Department of Pediatrics, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110004, China
| | - Jun Liu
- Department of Endocrinology, Shanghai Fifth People's Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200240, China
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3
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Desaulniers AT, White BR. Role of gonadotropin-releasing hormone 2 and its receptor in human reproductive cancers. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2024; 14:1341162. [PMID: 38260130 PMCID: PMC10800933 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1341162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2023] [Accepted: 12/13/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH1) and its receptor (GnRHR1) drive reproduction by regulating gonadotropins. Another form, GnRH2, and its receptor (GnRHR2), also exist in mammals. In humans, GnRH2 and GnRHR2 genes are present, but coding errors in the GnRHR2 gene are predicted to hinder full-length protein production. Nonetheless, mounting evidence supports the presence of a functional GnRHR2 in humans. GnRH2 and its receptor have been identified throughout the body, including peripheral reproductive tissues like the ovary, uterus, breast, and prostate. In addition, GnRH2 and its receptor have been detected in a wide number of reproductive cancer cells in humans. Notably, GnRH2 analogues have potent anti-proliferative, pro-apoptotic, and/or anti-metastatic effects on various reproductive cancers, including endometrial, breast, placental, ovarian, and prostate. Thus, GnRH2 is an emerging target to treat human reproductive cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy T. Desaulniers
- School of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, United States
| | - Brett R. White
- Department of Animal Science, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, United States
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4
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LUUSE ARNOLDT, ALIDU HUSEINI, MAWULI1 MAWUSIADEPA, MUBARAK ABDULRAHMAN, GYAN BEN. Do Blood group and Sickle cell trait protect against placental malaria? J Public Health Afr 2023; 14:2817. [PMID: 38259428 PMCID: PMC10801398 DOI: 10.4081/jphia.2024.2817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Blood group O is reported to confer some degree of protection from severe malaria in endemic setting. This protection is believed to be due to reduced and smaller rosette formation in people of blood group O which can easily be cleared by the host immune system. Also, sickle cell trait (HbAS) is reported to disrupt the adhesion of infected erythrocytes to microvascular endothelial walls, which could protect pregnant women from placental malaria. We determined the association between HbAS and ABO blood group, and placental malaria amongst pregnant women of all parities. The study enrolled 221 pregnant women. Peripheral blood samples were taken for malaria smears, ABO blood grouping and haemoglobin (Hb) electrophoresis. A structured questionnaire was used to age, bed net usage, and the number of Sulphadoxine-pyrimethamine (SP) doses taken by a pregnant woman. Two hundred and twenty-one (221) pregnant women were enrolled and out of this number, 110 (49.8%) were primiparae and 111 (50.2%) multiparae, with a mean age of 23.7±5.2. Placental malaria (PM) prevalence by PCR detection was 19.4% (43/221). Of those who were malaria positive 58.1% (25/43) were primiparae. Primiparae who are of blood group O were more susceptible to PM [P=0.04, (OR); 2.85, 95% (Cl), 1.12-9.01]. But sickle cell trait did not reduce the prevalence of PM [P=0.84 (OR); 0.92, 95% (Cl), 0.43-1.99]. Non-blood group O primiparae women were protected against placental malaria. This could be why some primiparae women are protected from PM, just like multiparae women.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - HUSEINI ALIDU
- School of Allied Health Sciences, University of Health and Allied Sciences, Ho
| | - MAWUSI ADEPA MAWULI1
- Department of Biochemistry Cell and Molecular Biology, University of Ghana, Accra
- Department of Pathology, University of Ghana Medical School, College of Health Sciences, University of Ghana, Korle-Bu, Accra, Ghana
| | - ABDUL-RAHMAN MUBARAK
- West Africa Center for Cell Biology of Infectious Pathogens
- Department of Biochemistry Cell and Molecular Biology, University of Ghana, Accra
- Department of Pathology, University of Ghana Medical School, College of Health Sciences, University of Ghana, Korle-Bu, Accra, Ghana
| | - BEN GYAN
- Department of Biochemistry Cell and Molecular Biology, University of Ghana, Accra
- Department of Immunology, Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research, University of Ghana, Accra
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5
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Akbarzadeh Jahromi M, Taheri N, Najib FS, Agha Khani Nezhad F, Taheri N, Abiri F. Vascular Subinvolution of the Placental Implantation Site as the Cause of Hysterectomy. Int J Surg Pathol 2023:10668969231188905. [PMID: 37488469 DOI: 10.1177/10668969231188905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/26/2023]
Abstract
Background. Vascular subinvolution of the placental bed is one of the uncommon but life-threatening forms of secondary postpartum hemorrhage. Studies on subinvolution of the implantation site are sparse and there is a scarcity of practice-based literature for this diagnosis. Case presentation. A 40-year-old woman with vaginal bleeding and light-headedness was admitted a few days after spontaneous abortion. Based on her unstable condition, hysterectomy was done. Pathologic gross evaluation of the uterus identified multiple large and dilated blood vessels, and microscopically, the myometrium showed thrombosis with scattered extravillous trophoblastic cells within the vessel walls. Conclusions. We described this rare case and explored the literature focusing on the pathophysiology and helpful ancillary studies for diagnosing this situation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mojgan Akbarzadeh Jahromi
- Department of Pathology, Maternal-fetal Medicine Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Negar Taheri
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Sadat Najib
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | | | - Nasim Taheri
- Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Abiri
- Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Yazd, Iran
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6
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Hooda R, Baghla N, Malik N, Kaushik S. To evaluate the role of placental human papilloma virus (HPV) infection as a risk factor for spontaneous preterm birth: a prospective case control study. J Perinat Med 2022; 50:427-432. [PMID: 35019244 DOI: 10.1515/jpm-2021-0317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2021] [Accepted: 12/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES i) To compare the placental human papilloma virus (HPV) deoxynucleic acid (DNA) status of preterm deliveries with full term deliveries and to identify high risk (HR) genotypes (HPV 16 and 18); and ii) To compare the perinatal outcomes of HPV positive with HPV negative pregnant women. METHODS A case control study was carried out on 100 antenatal women with singleton live pregnancies admitted in labor ward of a tertiary care teaching hospital from April 2017 to March 2018. The two study groups were i) spontaneous preterm deliveries between 24 and 36 + 6 weeks (n=50) and ii) full term deliveries ≥37 weeks (n=50). The placental tissue was analysed for HPV DNA and HR HPV genotypes were detected by type specific primers. A comparative analysis of perinatal outcomes between HPV positive and negative women was done. RESULTS An overall placental tissue HPV prevalence of 12% (12/100) was observed in study cohort which was not significantly different between preterm and full term deliveries (16 vs. 8%, p=0.218). HPV 16 was significantly associated with preterm births (p=0.04). Both HPV affected and non-affected women were comparable in terms of mode of delivery and neonatal outcomes. However, a statistically significant association of preterm neonatal intensive care admissions with HR HPV 16 genotype was observed (p=0.04). CONCLUSIONS Spontaneous preterm births can be attributed to placental HPV infection, specifically HR HPV 16 genotype. This association identifies a potentially preventable cause of prematurity and its associated complications, in wake of availability of an effective vaccine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reetu Hooda
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Pt. B.D. Sharma PGIMS, Rohtak, Haryana, India
| | - Neeru Baghla
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Employees' State Insurance Corporation Hospital, Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Nisha Malik
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Bilaspur, Himachal Pradesh, India
| | - Samander Kaushik
- Centre for Biotechnology, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak, Haryana, India
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7
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Abstract
A furcate cord insertion is a rare finding, which increases the risk of adverse fetal outcomes. There are few reports of prenatal detection in the literature. We present a case of prenatally detected furcate cord insertion, diagnosed at 39 weeks' gestation and delivered by elective caesarean section. The neonate was small for dates, but this finding was non-specific due to smoking during pregnancy. No other adverse effects to the fetus were found. The placenta required manual removal after attempted cord traction resulted in vessel avulsion at the furcate cord insertion site. Further research is required to develop recommendations for the safe management of this condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megan Smith
- TRG Imaging 115 Te Heuheu Street Taupo 3330 New Zealand
| | - Bethany McCullum
- Rotorua Hospital Lakes District Health Board Private Bag 3023 Rotorua 3046 New Zealand
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8
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Ratsch A, Bogossian F, Burmeister EA, Steadman K. Central Australian Aboriginal women's placental and neonatal outcomes following maternal smokeless tobacco, cigarette or no tobacco use. Aust N Z J Public Health 2021; 46:186-195. [PMID: 34821425 DOI: 10.1111/1753-6405.13186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2021] [Revised: 09/01/2021] [Accepted: 10/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To describe the placental characteristics and neonatal outcomes of Central Australian Aboriginal women based on maternal self-report of tobacco use. METHODS Placental and neonatal variables were collected from a prospective maternal cohort of 19 smokeless tobacco chewers, 23 smokers and 31 no-tobacco users. RESULTS Chewers had the lowest placental weight (460 g) while the no-tobacco group had the heaviest placental weight (565 g). Chewers and the no-tobacco group had placental areas of similar size (285 cm2 and 288 cm2 , respectively) while the placentas of smokers were at least 13 cm2 smaller (272 cm2 ). There were two stillbirths in the study and more than one-third (36%) of neonates (newborns) were admitted to the Special Care Nursery, with the chewers' neonates having a higher admission rate compared with smokers' neonates (44% vs. 23%). The cohort mean birthweight (3348 g) was not significantly different between the groups. When stratified for elevated maternal glucose, the chewers' neonates had the lowest mean birthweight (2906 g) compared to the neonates of the no-tobacco group (3242 g) and smokers (3398 g). CONCLUSIONS This research is the first to demonstrate that the maternal use of Australian Nicotiana spp. (pituri) as smokeless tobacco may negatively impact placental and neonatal outcomes. Implications for public health: Maternal smokeless tobacco use is a potential source of placental and foetal nicotine exposure. Maternal antenatal screening should be expanded to capture a broader range of tobacco and nicotine products, and appropriate cessation support is required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela Ratsch
- Wide Bay Hospital and Health Services, Queensland.,Rural Clinical School, The University of Queensland, Queensland
| | - Fiona Bogossian
- School of Health and Behavioural Sciences, University of the Sunshine Coast, Queensland.,School of Nursing, Midwifery and Social Work, The University of Queensland, Queensland
| | - Elizabeth A Burmeister
- Wide Bay Hospital and Health Services, Queensland.,School of Nursing, Midwifery and Social Work, The University of Queensland, Queensland
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9
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Chavan AR, Griffith OW, Stadtmauer DJ, Maziarz J, Pavlicev M, Fishman R, Koren L, Romero R, Wagner GP. Evolution of Embryo Implantation Was Enabled by the Origin of Decidual Stromal Cells in Eutherian Mammals. Mol Biol Evol 2021; 38:1060-1074. [PMID: 33185661 DOI: 10.1093/molbev/msaa274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Mammalian pregnancy evolved in the therian stem lineage, that is, before the common ancestor of marsupials and eutherian (placental) mammals. Ancestral therian pregnancy likely involved a brief phase of attachment between the fetal and maternal tissues followed by parturition-similar to the situation in most marsupials including the opossum. In all eutherians, however, embryo attachment is followed by implantation, allowing for a stable fetal-maternal interface and an extended gestation. Embryo attachment induces an attachment reaction in the uterus that is homologous to an inflammatory response. Here, we elucidate the evolutionary mechanism by which the ancestral inflammatory response was transformed into embryo implantation in the eutherian lineage. We performed a comparative uterine transcriptomic and immunohistochemical study of three eutherians, armadillo (Dasypus novemcinctus), hyrax (Procavia capensis), and rabbit (Oryctolagus cuniculus); and one marsupial, opossum (Monodelphis domestica). Our results suggest that in the eutherian lineage, the ancestral inflammatory response was domesticated by suppressing one of its modules detrimental to pregnancy, namely, neutrophil recruitment by cytokine IL17A. Further, we propose that this suppression was mediated by decidual stromal cells, a novel cell type in eutherian mammals. We tested a prediction of this model in vitro and showed that decidual stromal cells can suppress the production of IL17A from helper T cells. Together, these results provide a mechanistic understanding of early stages in the evolution of eutherian pregnancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arun R Chavan
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Yale University, New Haven, CT.,Yale Systems Biology Institute, Yale University, West Haven, CT
| | - Oliver W Griffith
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Yale University, New Haven, CT.,Yale Systems Biology Institute, Yale University, West Haven, CT.,Department of Biological Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Daniel J Stadtmauer
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Yale University, New Haven, CT.,Yale Systems Biology Institute, Yale University, West Haven, CT
| | - Jamie Maziarz
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Yale University, New Haven, CT.,Yale Systems Biology Institute, Yale University, West Haven, CT
| | - Mihaela Pavlicev
- Department of Evolutionary Biology, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Ruth Fishman
- The Mina and Everard Goodman Faculty of Life Sciences, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan, Israel
| | - Lee Koren
- The Mina and Everard Goodman Faculty of Life Sciences, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan, Israel
| | - Roberto Romero
- Perinatology Research Branch, Division of Obstetrics and Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Division of Intramural Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, MD, and Detroit, MI.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI.,Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI.,Center for Molecular Medicine and Genetics, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI.,Detroit Medical Center, Detroit, MI.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Florida International University, Miami, FL
| | - Günter P Wagner
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Yale University, New Haven, CT.,Yale Systems Biology Institute, Yale University, West Haven, CT.,Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Science, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI
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10
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Narice BF, Trzeszcz M, Cohen M, Anumba DO. Acute Villitis and Intravascular Microorganisms in Fetal Vessels: A Case Report and Literature Review of an Unusual Histopathological Finding. Pediatr Dev Pathol 2021; 24:246-251. [PMID: 33617361 PMCID: PMC8120628 DOI: 10.1177/1093526621993333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Optimal management of intrauterine infection to avoid serious adverse perinatal outcomes entails prompt administration of antibiotics and consideration of early delivery of the fetus to remove the focus of infection. We report an unusual case of preterm chorioamnionitis which did not improve with sensitive antibiotics, or delivery of the fetus, and ultimately required an emergency hysterectomy to save the mother's life. Interestingly, subsequent histopathological analysis of the post-hysterectomy specimen did not reveal myometrial necrosis or infectious microorganisms. The placental pathological examination, on the other hand, showed evidence of necrotising chorioamnionitis accompanied by a rarely reported lesion: acute villitis with abundant intravascular Escherichia coli, a finding which is strongly associated with fetal demise and adverse maternal outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brenda F Narice
- Academic Unit of Reproductive and Developmental Medicine, The University of Sheffield and Sheffield Teaching Hospitals, The Jessop Wing, Sheffield, UK
- Brenda F Narice, Academic Unit of Reproductive and Developmental Medicine. The University of Sheffield and Sheffield Teaching Hospitals, The Jessop Wing, Sheffield, UK.
| | - Martyna Trzeszcz
- Department of Pathology and Clinical Cytology, University Hospital of Jan Mikulicz-Radecki, Wroclaw, Poland
- Histopathology Department, Sheffield Children's NHS Trust, Sheffield, UK
| | - Marta Cohen
- Histopathology Department, Sheffield Children's NHS Trust, Sheffield, UK
- Department of Oncology and Metabolism, The University of Sheffield and Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Dilly O Anumba
- Academic Unit of Reproductive and Developmental Medicine, The University of Sheffield and Sheffield Teaching Hospitals, The Jessop Wing, Sheffield, UK
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11
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Abstract
The spectrum of placental pathology in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is vast. Features observed are not only limited to the effects of the virus itself but may include that of coinfections such as tuberculosis and syphilis. The presence of other comorbidities and changes as a result of antiretroviral therapy may further confound the histologic findings. There is a paucity of unbiased information of the effects of maternal HIV on the placenta and how these changes relate to birth outcomes. Antiretroviral therapy, now in widespread use, has altered the course of maternal HIV disease and it is unknown whether this has altered the pathophysiology of HIV on the placenta. HIV-associated placental findings that have been most well described include acute chorioamnionitis, low placental weight and maternal vascular malperfusion, with a tendency towards lower rates of chronic villitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cassandra Bruce-Brand
- Division of Anatomical Pathology, Tygerberg Hospital, National Health Laboratory Service, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Pawel T Schubert
- Division of Anatomical Pathology, Tygerberg Hospital, National Health Laboratory Service, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa
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12
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Weidinger A, Poženel L, Wolbank S, Banerjee A. Sub-Regional Differences of the Human Amniotic Membrane and Their Potential Impact on Tissue Regeneration Application. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2021; 8:613804. [PMID: 33520964 PMCID: PMC7839410 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2020.613804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2020] [Accepted: 12/07/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
For more than 100 years, the human amniotic membrane (hAM) has been used in multiple tissue regeneration applications. The hAM consists of cells with stem cell characteristics and a rich layer of extracellular matrix. Undoubtedly, the hAM with viable cells has remarkable properties such as the differentiation potential into all three germ layers, immuno-modulatory, and anti-fibrotic properties. At first sight, the hAM seems to be one structural entity. However, by integrating its anatomical location, the hAM can be divided into placental, reflected, and umbilical amniotic membrane. Recent studies show that cells of these amniotic sub-regions differ considerably in their properties such as morphology, structure, and content/release of certain bioactive factors. The aim of this review is to summarize these findings and discuss the relevance of these different properties for tissue regeneration. In summary, reflected amnion seems to be more immuno-modulatory and could have a higher reprogramming efficiency, whereas placental amnion seems to be pro-inflammatory, pro-angiogenic, with higher proliferation and differentiation capacity (e.g., chondrogenic and osteogenic), and could be more suitable for certain graft constructions. Therefore, we suggest that the respective hAM sub-region should be selected in consideration of its desired outcome. This will help to optimize and fine-tune the clinical application of the hAM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adelheid Weidinger
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Experimental and Clinical Traumatology, AUVA Research Center, Vienna, Austria.,Austrian Cluster for Tissue Regeneration, Austria
| | - Laura Poženel
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Experimental and Clinical Traumatology, AUVA Research Center, Vienna, Austria.,Austrian Cluster for Tissue Regeneration, Austria
| | - Susanne Wolbank
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Experimental and Clinical Traumatology, AUVA Research Center, Vienna, Austria.,Austrian Cluster for Tissue Regeneration, Austria
| | - Asmita Banerjee
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Experimental and Clinical Traumatology, AUVA Research Center, Vienna, Austria.,Austrian Cluster for Tissue Regeneration, Austria
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13
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Al-Nasiry S, Ambrosino E, Schlaepfer M, Morré SA, Wieten L, Voncken JW, Spinelli M, Mueller M, Kramer BW. The Interplay Between Reproductive Tract Microbiota and Immunological System in Human Reproduction. Front Immunol 2020; 11:378. [PMID: 32231664 PMCID: PMC7087453 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.00378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2019] [Accepted: 02/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
In the last decade, the microbiota, i.e., combined populations of microorganisms living inside and on the surface of the human body, has increasingly attracted attention of researchers in the medical field. Indeed, since the completion of the Human Microbiome Project, insight and interest in the role of microbiota in health and disease, also through study of its combined genomes, the microbiome, has been steadily expanding. One less explored field of microbiome research has been the female reproductive tract. Research mainly from the past decade suggests that microbial communities residing in the reproductive tract represent a large proportion of the female microbial network and appear to be involved in reproductive failure and pregnancy complications. Microbiome research is facing technological and methodological challenges, as detection techniques and analysis methods are far from being standardized. A further hurdle is understanding the complex host-microbiota interaction and the confounding effect of a multitude of constitutional and environmental factors. A key regulator of this interaction is the maternal immune system that, during the peri-conceptional stage and even more so during pregnancy, undergoes considerable modulation. This review aims to summarize the current literature on reproductive tract microbiota describing the composition of microbiota in different anatomical locations (vagina, cervix, endometrium, and placenta). We also discuss putative mechanisms of interaction between such microbial communities and various aspects of the immune system, with a focus on the characteristic immunological changes during normal pregnancy. Furthermore, we discuss how abnormal microbiota composition, “dysbiosis,” is linked to a spectrum of clinical disorders related to the female reproductive system and how the maternal immune system is involved. Finally, based on the data presented in this review, the future perspectives in diagnostic approaches, research directions and therapeutic opportunities are explored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salwan Al-Nasiry
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, GROW School of Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University Medical Centre (MUMC), Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Elena Ambrosino
- Department of Genetics and Cell Biology, Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Research School GROW (School for Oncology & Developmental Biology), Institute for Public Health Genomics, Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Melissa Schlaepfer
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospital Bern, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Servaas A Morré
- Department of Genetics and Cell Biology, Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Research School GROW (School for Oncology & Developmental Biology), Institute for Public Health Genomics, Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands.,Laboratory of Immunogenetics, Department Medical Microbiology and Infection Control, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Lotte Wieten
- Tissue Typing Laboratory, Department of Transplantation Immunology, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Jan Willem Voncken
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Marialuigia Spinelli
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospital Bern, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Martin Mueller
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospital Bern, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.,Department of Pediatrics, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Boris W Kramer
- Department of Pediatrics, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, Netherlands
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14
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Grinstein E, Schreiber L, Gluck O, Torem M, Izaik Y, Bar J, Kovo M. Placental abnormalities differ in small for gestational age neonates in relation to their prenatal sonographic abdominal circumference measurements. J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med 2020; 35:759-764. [PMID: 32106737 DOI: 10.1080/14767058.2020.1731463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Background: Antenatal detection of abdominal circumference (AC) <10th percentile, among small for gestational age (SGA) neonates, probably reflects the severity of their growth restriction. We aimed to study neonatal outcome and placental pathology among SGA neonates in correlation to their AC measurements.Methods: Maternal and neonatal computerized medical records and placental histopathology reports of all SGA neonates, (neonatal birth-weight ≤10th percentile), born between 24 and 42 weeks, during 2015-2018 were reviewed. Included cases with fetal biometric measurements conducted up to 7 days prior labor. Results were compared between cases with sonographic antenatal AC <10th percentile and neonates with sonographic antenatal AC ≥10th percentile. Placental lesions were classified according to "Amsterdam" Placental workshop criteria.Results: The AC <10th percentile group (n = 148) was characterized by higher rate of nulliparity (p = .003), and induction of labor (p = .009), as compared to the AC ≥10th percentile group (n = 41). There were no between groups differences in the rate of maternal BMI (kg/m2), hypertensive disorders, diabetes or smoking. Neonatal hypoglycemia was more common in the AC <10th percentile group as compared to the AC ≥10th percentile group (p = .04). Placentas from the AC <10th percentile group were smaller (p < .001), with more MVM lesions (p = .02) and chronic villitis (p = .04). By multivariate regression analysis, AC <10th percentile and maternal hypertensive disorders, were found to be independently associated with placental MVM lesions, aOR = 2.43 (95% CI 1.04, 5.88) and aOR = 3.15 (95% CI 1.06, 9.31), respectively.Conclusions: Higher rate of placental maternal malperfusion lesions, chronic villitis, and more neonatal hypoglycemia characterize SGA neonates with AC <10th percentile, pointing to the importance of AC measurement as an indicator for placental insufficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ehud Grinstein
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Edith Wolfson Medical Center, Holon, Israel; Affiliated with Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Letizia Schreiber
- Department of Pathology, Edith Wolfson Medical Center, Holon, Israel; Affiliated with Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Ohad Gluck
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Edith Wolfson Medical Center, Holon, Israel; Affiliated with Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Maya Torem
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Edith Wolfson Medical Center, Holon, Israel; Affiliated with Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Yakira Izaik
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Edith Wolfson Medical Center, Holon, Israel; Affiliated with Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Jacob Bar
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Edith Wolfson Medical Center, Holon, Israel; Affiliated with Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Michal Kovo
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Edith Wolfson Medical Center, Holon, Israel; Affiliated with Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
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15
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Wang B, Chen H, Chan YL, Wang G, Oliver BG. Why Do Intrauterine Exposure to Air Pollution and Cigarette Smoke Increase the Risk of Asthma? Front Cell Dev Biol 2020; 8:38. [PMID: 32117969 PMCID: PMC7012803 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.00038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2019] [Accepted: 01/15/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The prevalence of childhood asthma is increasing worldwide and increased in utero exposure to environmental toxicants may play a major role. As current asthma treatments are not curative, understanding the mechanisms underlying the etiology of asthma will allow better preventative strategies to be developed. This review focuses on the current understanding of how in utero exposure to environmental factors increases the risk of developing asthma in children. Epidemiological studies show that maternal smoking and particulate matter exposure during pregnancy are prominent risk factors for the development of childhood asthma. We discuss the changes in the developing fetus due to reduced oxygen and nutrient delivery affected by intrauterine environmental change. This leads to fetal underdevelopment and abnormal lung structure. Concurrently an altered immune response and aberrant epithelial and mesenchymal cellular function occur possibly due to epigenetic reprograming. The sequelae of these early life events are airway remodeling, airway hyperresponsiveness, and inflammation, the hallmark features of asthma. In summary, exposure to inhaled oxidants such as cigarette smoking or particulate matter increases the risk of childhood asthma and involves multiple mechanisms including impaired fetal lung development (structural changes), endocrine disorders, abnormal immune responses, and epigenetic modifications. These make it challenging to reduce the risk of asthma, but knowledge of the mechanisms can still help to develop personalized medicines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baoming Wang
- School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Woolcock Institute of Medical Research, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Hui Chen
- School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Yik Lung Chan
- School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Woolcock Institute of Medical Research, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Gang Wang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Clinical Research Centre for Respiratory Disease, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Brian G Oliver
- School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Woolcock Institute of Medical Research, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
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16
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Jackson LH, Price AN, Hutter J, Ho A, Roberts TA, Slator PJ, Clough JR, Deprez M, McCabe L, Malik SJ, Chappell L, Rutherford MA, Hajnal JV. Respiration resolved imaging with continuous stable state 2D acquisition using linear frequency SWEEP. Magn Reson Med 2019; 82:1631-1645. [PMID: 31183892 PMCID: PMC6682494 DOI: 10.1002/mrm.27834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2018] [Revised: 04/04/2019] [Accepted: 05/09/2019] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Purpose To investigate the potential of continuous radiofrequency (RF) shifting (SWEEP) as a technique for creating densely sampled data while maintaining a stable signal state for dynamic imaging. Methods We present a method where a continuous stable state of magnetization is swept smoothly across the anatomy of interest, creating an efficient approach to dense multiple 2D slice imaging. This is achieved by introducing a linear frequency offset to successive RF pulses shifting the excited slice by a fraction of the slice thickness with each successive repeat times (TR). Simulations and in vivo imaging were performed to assess how this affects the measured signal. Free breathing, respiration resolved 4D volumes in fetal/placental imaging is explored as potential application of this method. Results The SWEEP method maintained a stable signal state over a full acquisition reducing artifacts from unstable magnetization. Simulations demonstrated that the effects of SWEEP on slice profiles was of the same order as that produced by physiological motion observed with conventional methods. Respiration resolved 4D data acquired with this method shows reduced respiration artifacts and resilience to non‐rigid and non‐cyclic motion. Conclusions The SWEEP method is presented as a technique for improved acquisition efficiency of densely sampled short‐TR 2D sequences. Using conventional slice excitation the number of RF pulses required to enter a true steady state is excessively high when using short‐TR 2D acquisitions, SWEEP circumvents this limitation by creating a stable signal state that is preserved between slices.
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Affiliation(s)
- L H Jackson
- Biomedical Engineering, School of Imaging Sciences and Biomedical Engineering, Kings College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - A N Price
- Biomedical Engineering, School of Imaging Sciences and Biomedical Engineering, Kings College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - J Hutter
- Biomedical Engineering, School of Imaging Sciences and Biomedical Engineering, Kings College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - A Ho
- Biomedical Engineering, School of Imaging Sciences and Biomedical Engineering, Kings College London, London, United Kingdom.,Department of Women and Children's Health, School of Life Course Sciences, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - T A Roberts
- Biomedical Engineering, School of Imaging Sciences and Biomedical Engineering, Kings College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - P J Slator
- Centre for Medical Image Computing, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - J R Clough
- Biomedical Engineering, School of Imaging Sciences and Biomedical Engineering, Kings College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - M Deprez
- Biomedical Engineering, School of Imaging Sciences and Biomedical Engineering, Kings College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - L McCabe
- Biomedical Engineering, School of Imaging Sciences and Biomedical Engineering, Kings College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - S J Malik
- Biomedical Engineering, School of Imaging Sciences and Biomedical Engineering, Kings College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - L Chappell
- Department of Women and Children's Health, School of Life Course Sciences, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - M A Rutherford
- Biomedical Engineering, School of Imaging Sciences and Biomedical Engineering, Kings College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - J V Hajnal
- Biomedical Engineering, School of Imaging Sciences and Biomedical Engineering, Kings College London, London, United Kingdom
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17
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Goldschmidt-Clermont PJ, Lemonne JLR, Fontanet A, Stevenson M. Virus Cooperation, ZIKV Viremia and in Utero Fetus Infection. Women Health Care Issues 2019; 2:11. [PMID: 32432225 PMCID: PMC7236908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
With growth and exponential globe trotter traveling of the human population, and many more conducive factors, the likelihood of merging and melting viruses capable of infecting humans in a cooperative fashion, has increased markedly. Hence, viruses that were limited to a particular region of the planet, or to certain population groups, have become capable of infecting humans on a pandemic scale. Some viruses not only can infect pregnant women, but also expand to the amnotic fluid and fetus. With this review, we will reflect upon some examples of known viral cooperations, as well as new ones that have the potential for compromising human health and survival of the fetus in utero.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pascal J. Goldschmidt-Clermont
- Alzady International LLC, Dean Emeritus, Professor of Medicine Emeritus, Miller School of Medicine University of Miami, Miami, Florida 33136.,Corresponding Author: Pascal J Goldschmidt-Clermont, Alzady International LLC, Dean Emeritus, Professor of Medicine Emeritus, Miller School of Medicine University of Miami, Florida, USA.
| | | | - Arnaud Fontanet
- Institut Pasteur, Emerging Diseases Epidemiology Unit, Paris, France.,Conservatoire National des Arts et Métiers, Paris, France
| | - Mario Stevenson
- Department of Medicine, Infectious Diseases Division, and HIV/AIDS and Emerging Infections Institute, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, Florida 33136
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18
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Abstract
Objective: To measure the relative risk of pregnancy complications and adverse outcomes in women with placental chorioangioma, and postnatal developmental deficiencies in their offspring.Methods: We designed a retrospective cohort study using records from 140,387 pregnancies at our hospital between 1 January, 2008 and 1 July, 2017. Follow-up of children in the placental chorioangioma group was conducted by phone interview.Results: Placental chorioangioma was diagnosed in 56 patients (incidence = 0.04%). Fifty-one cases were detected during routine prenatal ultrasound. Placental chorioangioma patients were at increased risk for fetal loss or induced abortion (RR = 9.93, 95% CI [4.66, 21.20]), preterm birth (n = 13, RR = 2.45, 95% CI [1.52, 3.95]), birth by cesarean section (n = 45, RR = 1.62, 95% CI [1.42, 1.84]), and polyhydramnios (n = 9, RR = 9.98, 95% CI [5.48, 18.18]), but not fetal distress (n = 5, RR = 0.49, 95% CI [0.22, 1.15]) or preeclampsia (n = 5, RR = 1.61, 95% CI [0.70, 3.73]), although there was an increased risk for preeclampsia after controlling for preterm birth (n = 3, RR = 3.6, 95% CI [1.33, 9.74]). No developmental complications were reported in offspring.Conclusion: Placental chorioangioma increases the risk of fetal demise, pregnancy complications and adverse outcomes. In cases with mild complications or when early cesarean termination of pregnancy is feasible, the prognosis is excellent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tian Dong
- Zhejiang University School of Medicine Women's Hospital, Hangzhou, China
| | - Daniel Sher
- Zhejiang University School of Medicine Women's Hospital, Hangzhou, China
| | - Qiong Luo
- Zhejiang University School of Medicine Women's Hospital, Hangzhou, China
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19
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Imaz ML, Oriolo G, Torra M, Soy D, García-Esteve L, Martin-Santos R. Clozapine Use During Pregnancy and Lactation: A Case-Series Report. Front Pharmacol 2018; 9:264. [PMID: 29636684 PMCID: PMC5881137 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2018.00264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2018] [Accepted: 03/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The current prescription of clozapine in psychotic women of reproductive age makes it crucial to understand its pharmacokinetics during pregnancy and lactation as well as its risk profile for neonatal outcome. The aim of this case series was to provide new evidence on the pharmacokinetic features of clozapine that determine its passage through the placenta and amniotic fluid, as well as the neonatal clozapine elimination half-life (t1/2). This case series demonstrates for the first time that clozapine might show partial placental passage similar to other atypical antipsychotics. Clozapine levels decreased during the first few days in nursing infants. The half-life of clozapine in neonates was slightly higher than previously estimated. Clozapine use in pregnancy may be associated with diabetes mellitus, especially if there is a family history of this disease. Although no acute toxicological effects were observed in the intrauterine exposed newborn, close follow-up of pregnancy is recommended. However, these results must be taken with caution being a case series with small sample size
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Affiliation(s)
- M Luisa Imaz
- Perinatal Psychiatry Program, Department of Psychiatry and Psychology, Hospital Clínic, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain.,Department of Medicine, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Giovanni Oriolo
- Department of Medicine, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Department of Psychiatry and Psychology, Hospital Clínic, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Mercè Torra
- Department of Medicine, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Pharmacology and Toxicology Laboratory, Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics Service, Biomedical Diagnostic Center (CBD), Hospital Clínic, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Dolors Soy
- Division of Medicines, Pharmacy Service, Hospital Clínic, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Lluïsa García-Esteve
- Perinatal Psychiatry Program, Department of Psychiatry and Psychology, Hospital Clínic, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain.,Department of Medicine, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Rocio Martin-Santos
- Department of Medicine, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Department of Psychiatry and Psychology, Hospital Clinic, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques Artur Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Barcelona, Spain
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20
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Scornavacca C, Galtier N. Incomplete Lineage Sorting in Mammalian Phylogenomics. Syst Biol 2018; 66:112-120. [PMID: 28173480 DOI: 10.1093/sysbio/syw082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2016] [Revised: 03/25/2016] [Accepted: 09/04/2016] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The impact of incomplete lineage sorting (ILS) on phylogenetic conflicts among genes, and the related issue of whether to account for ILS in species tree reconstruction, are matters of intense controversy. Here, focusing on full-genome data in placental mammals, we empirically test two assumptions underlying current usage of tree-building methods that account for ILS. We show that in this data set (i) distinct exons from a common gene do not share a common genealogy, and (ii) ILS is only a minor determinant of the existing phylogenetic conflict. These results shed new light on the relevance and conditions of applicability of ILS-aware methods in phylogenomic analyses of protein coding sequences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Celine Scornavacca
- UMR 5554-Institute of Evolutionary Sciences, University Montpellier, CNRS, IRD, EPHE, Place E. Bataillon-CC64, Montpellier, France
| | - Nicolas Galtier
- UMR 5554-Institute of Evolutionary Sciences, University Montpellier, CNRS, IRD, EPHE, Place E. Bataillon-CC64, Montpellier, France
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21
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Lian S, Guo J, Wang L, Li W, Wang J, Ji H, Kong F, Xu B, Li S, Yang H. Impact of prenatal cold stress on placental physiology, inflammatory response, and apoptosis in rats. Oncotarget 2017; 8:115304-115314. [PMID: 29383161 PMCID: PMC5777773 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.23257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2017] [Accepted: 12/04/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Prenatal cold stress is one of the earliest factors affecting mammalian health, and is associated with neonatal growth retardation and immune dysfunction, thus increasing disease susceptibility. The mechanisms underlying these observations remain unclear; hence, the objective of this study was to elucidate placental responses to cold stress. 60 maternal rats were randomly allocated to either stressed (n = 30) or non-stressed (control, n = 30) treatment conditions and 30 pubs (n=15) were used for the pups analysis. We found that maternal exposure to cold stress resulted in decreased body temperature, increased food intake without body weight gain, and a high level of plasma corticosterone (CORT) between gestational day (GD) 14 and GD21. In addition, gestation cold stress induced the placental expression of heat shock protein 70 (HSP70), IκBα, glucocorticoid receptor (GR), mineralocorticoid receptor (MR), 11β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase 2 (11β-HSD2), interferon (IFN) regulatory factor 3 (IRF3), Caspase-3 proteins and altered the ratio of B-cell lymphoma-extra large (Bcl-xL) to Bcl-associated x (Bax) proteins on gestational GD15, GD17, GD19, and GD21, also resulted in the production of interleukin (IL)-1β. Next, gestational cold stress provoked a decrease in plasma GH levels of 21-day-old offspring, and the body weights of offspring were have no differences from postnatal day (PD) 1–21. Taken together, our results indicate that gestational cold stress induces placental apoptosis and the activation of NF-kB via HSP70/TLR4/NF-κB signaling pathways in the placenta, these changes may affect placental function and fetus development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuai Lian
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing 163319, P. R. China
| | - Jingru Guo
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing 163319, P. R. China
| | - Lipeng Wang
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing 163319, P. R. China
| | - Wenjie Li
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing 163319, P. R. China
| | - Jianfa Wang
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing 163319, P. R. China
| | - Hong Ji
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing 163319, P. R. China
| | - Fanzhi Kong
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing 163319, P. R. China
| | - Bin Xu
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing 163319, P. R. China
| | - Shize Li
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing 163319, P. R. China
| | - Huanmin Yang
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing 163319, P. R. China
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22
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Abstract
This was a retrospective cohort analysis of stillbirths that occurred from January 2004 to December 2013 in our institution. We compared Tulip and Wigglesworth classification systems on a cohort of stillbirths and analysed the main differences between these two classifications. In this period, there were 112 stillbirths of a total of 31,758 births (stillbirth rate of 3.5 per 1000 births). There were 99 antepartum deaths and 13 intrapartum deaths. Foetal autopsy was performed in 99 cases and placental histopathological examination in all of the cases. The Wigglesworth found 'unknown' causes in 47 cases and the Tulip classification allocated 33 of these. Fourteen cases remained in the group of 'unknown' causes. Therefore, the Wigglesworth classification of stillbirths results in a higher proportion of unexplained stillbirths. We suggest that the traditional Wigglesworth classification should be substituted by a classification that manages the available information.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Paula Reis
- a Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology , Centro Hospitalar do Porto , Porto , Portugal
| | - Ana Rocha
- a Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology , Centro Hospitalar do Porto , Porto , Portugal
| | - Andrea Lebre
- a Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology , Centro Hospitalar do Porto , Porto , Portugal
| | - Umbelina Ramos
- b Department of Pathological Anatomy , Centro Hospitalar do Porto , Porto , Portugal
| | - Ana Cunha
- a Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology , Centro Hospitalar do Porto , Porto , Portugal
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23
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Cleal JK, Hargreaves MR, Poore KR, Tang JCY, Fraser WD, Hanson MA, Green LR. Reduced fetal vitamin D status by maternal undernutrition during discrete gestational windows in sheep. J Dev Orig Health Dis 2017; 8:370-81. [PMID: 28327211 DOI: 10.1017/S2040174417000149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Placental transport of vitamin D and other nutrients (e.g. amino acids, fats and glucose) to the fetus is sensitive to maternal and fetal nutritional cues. We studied the effect of maternal calorific restriction on fetal vitamin D status and the placental expression of genes for nutrient transport [aromatic T-type amino acid transporter-1 (TAT-1); triglyceride hydrolase/lipoprotein uptake facilitator lipoprotein lipase (LPL)] and vitamin D homeostasis [CYP27B1; vitamin D receptor (VDR)], and their association with markers of fetal cardiovascular function and skeletal muscle growth. Pregnant sheep received 100% total metabolizable energy (ME) requirements (control), 40% total ME requirements peri-implantation [PI40, 1-31 days of gestation (dGA)] or 50% total ME requirements in late gestation (L, 104-127 dGA). Fetal, but not maternal, plasma 25-hydroxy-vitamin D (25OHD) concentration was lower in PI40 and L maternal undernutrition groups (P<0.01) compared with the control group at 0.86 gestation. PI40 group placental CYP27B1 messenger RNA (mRNA) levels were increased (P<0.05) compared with the control group. Across all groups, higher fetal plasma 25OHD concentration was associated with higher skeletal muscle myofibre and capillary density (P<0.05). In the placenta, higher VDR mRNA levels were associated with higher TAT-1 (P<0.05) and LPL (P<0.01) mRNA levels. In the PI40 maternal undernutrition group only, reduced fetal plasma 25OHD concentration may be mediated in part by altered placental CYP27B1. The association between placental mRNA levels of VDR and nutrient transport genes suggests a way in which the placenta may integrate nutritional cues in the face of maternal dietary challenges and alter fetal physiology.
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Velarde MC, Menon R. Positive and negative effects of cellular senescence during female reproductive aging and pregnancy. J Endocrinol 2016; 230:R59-76. [PMID: 27325241 DOI: 10.1530/joe-16-0018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2016] [Accepted: 06/17/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Cellular senescence is a phenomenon occurring when cells are no longer able to divide even after treatment with growth stimuli. Because senescent cells are typically associated with aging and age-related diseases, cellular senescence is hypothesized to contribute to the age-related decline in reproductive function. However, some data suggest that senescent cells may also be important for normal physiological functions during pregnancy. Herein, we review the positive and negative effects of cellular senescence on female reproductive aging and pregnancy. We discuss how senescent cells accelerate female reproductive aging by promoting the decline in the number of ovarian follicles and increasing complications during pregnancy. We also describe how cellular senescence plays an important role in placental and fetal development as a beneficial process, ensuring proper homeostasis during pregnancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael C Velarde
- Institute of BiologyUniversity of the Philippines Diliman, Quezon City, Philippines Buck Institute for Research on AgingNovato, California, USA
| | - Ramkumar Menon
- Department of Obstetrics and GynecologyUniversity of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston, Galveston, Texas, USA Department of Clinical Medicine and Obstetrics and GynecologyAarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
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Tarver JE, Dos Reis M, Mirarab S, Moran RJ, Parker S, O'Reilly JE, King BL, O'Connell MJ, Asher RJ, Warnow T, Peterson KJ, Donoghue PCJ, Pisani D. The Interrelationships of Placental Mammals and the Limits of Phylogenetic Inference. Genome Biol Evol 2016; 8:330-44. [PMID: 26733575 PMCID: PMC4779606 DOI: 10.1093/gbe/evv261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 123] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Placental mammals comprise three principal clades: Afrotheria (e.g., elephants and tenrecs), Xenarthra (e.g., armadillos and sloths), and Boreoeutheria (all other placental mammals), the relationships among which are the subject of controversy and a touchstone for debate on the limits of phylogenetic inference. Previous analyses have found support for all three hypotheses, leading some to conclude that this phylogenetic problem might be impossible to resolve due to the compounded effects of incomplete lineage sorting (ILS) and a rapid radiation. Here we show, using a genome scale nucleotide data set, microRNAs, and the reanalysis of the three largest previously published amino acid data sets, that the root of Placentalia lies between Atlantogenata and Boreoeutheria. Although we found evidence for ILS in early placental evolution, we are able to reject previous conclusions that the placental root is a hard polytomy that cannot be resolved. Reanalyses of previous data sets recover Atlantogenata + Boreoeutheria and show that contradictory results are a consequence of poorly fitting evolutionary models; instead, when the evolutionary process is better-modeled, all data sets converge on Atlantogenata. Our Bayesian molecular clock analysis estimates that marsupials diverged from placentals 157-170 Ma, crown Placentalia diverged 86-100 Ma, and crown Atlantogenata diverged 84-97 Ma. Our results are compatible with placental diversification being driven by dispersal rather than vicariance mechanisms, postdating early phases in the protracted opening of the Atlantic Ocean.
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Affiliation(s)
- James E Tarver
- Department of Biology, The National University of Ireland, Maynooth, Ireland School of Earth Sciences, University of Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Mario Dos Reis
- Department of Genetics, Evolution and Environment, University College London, United Kingdom School of Biological and Chemical Sciences, Queen Mary University of London, United Kingdom
| | - Siavash Mirarab
- Department of Computer Science, University of Texas at Austin Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of California, San Diego
| | - Raymond J Moran
- Computational and Molecular Evolutionary Biology Group, School of Biology, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Leeds
| | - Sean Parker
- School of Earth Sciences, University of Bristol, United Kingdom
| | | | - Benjamin L King
- Mount Desert Island Biological Laboratory, Salisbury Cove, Maine
| | - Mary J O'Connell
- Computational and Molecular Evolutionary Biology Group, School of Biology, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Leeds
| | - Robert J Asher
- Museum of Zoology, University of Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Tandy Warnow
- Department of Computer Science, University of Texas at Austin Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of California, San Diego Departments of Bioengineering and Computer Science, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign
| | - Kevin J Peterson
- Department of Biological Sciences, Dartmouth College, Hanover, New Hampshire
| | | | - Davide Pisani
- School of Earth Sciences, University of Bristol, United Kingdom School of Biological Sciences, University of Bristol, United Kingdom
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Caldas RTM, Peixoto AB, Paschoini MC, Adad SJ, Souza MLR, Araujo Júnior E. Giant placental chorioangioma with favorable outcome: a case report and literature review of literature. Ceska Gynekol 2015; 80:140-143. [PMID: 25944604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To describe a case of prenatal diagnosis of a giant placental chorioangioma with favorable outcome. DESIGN A case report. SETTING Gynecology and Obstetrics Service, Federal University of Triângulo Mineiro (UFTM), Uberaba-MG, Brazil. CASE REPORT The placental chorioangioma is the most common benign tumor, but the type giant has a small prevalence, ranging from 1:16.000 to 1:50.000 pregnancies. We reported a case of a patient aged 18, pregnant for the first time, who performed a routine obstetric ultrasound was found to have polyhydramnios associated with placental vascular lesions suggestive of chorioangioma also was defined by fetal magnetic resonance imaging and confirmed by pathological examination.
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Hamilton MJ, Davidson AD, Sibly RM, Brown JH. Universal scaling of production rates across mammalian lineages. Proc Biol Sci 2011; 278:560-6. [PMID: 20798111 PMCID: PMC3025672 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2010.1056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2010] [Accepted: 08/06/2010] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Over many millions of years of independent evolution, placental, marsupial and monotreme mammals have diverged conspicuously in physiology, life history and reproductive ecology. The differences in life histories are particularly striking. Compared with placentals, marsupials exhibit shorter pregnancy, smaller size of offspring at birth and longer period of lactation in the pouch. Monotremes also exhibit short pregnancy, but incubate embryos in eggs, followed by a long period of post-hatching lactation. Using a large sample of mammalian species, we show that, remarkably, despite their very different life histories, the scaling of production rates is statistically indistinguishable across mammalian lineages. Apparently all mammals are subject to the same fundamental metabolic constraints on productivity, because they share similar body designs, vascular systems and costs of producing new tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcus J Hamilton
- Department of Biology, University of New Mexico, , Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA.
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LaMarca B, Parrish M, Ray LF, Murphy SR, Roberts L, Glover P, Wallukat G, Wenzel K, Cockrell K, Martin JN, Ryan MJ, Dechend R. Hypertension in response to autoantibodies to the angiotensin II type I receptor (AT1-AA) in pregnant rats: role of endothelin-1. Hypertension 2009; 54:905-9. [PMID: 19704104 PMCID: PMC2785498 DOI: 10.1161/hypertensionaha.109.137935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 158] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Agonistic autoantibodies to the angiotensin II type I receptor (AT1-AA) and endothelin -1 (ET-1) are suggested to be important links between placental ischemia and hypertension during preeclampsia. Activation of the angiotensin II type 1 receptor (AT1R) increases endothelial cell production of ET-1; however, the importance of ET-1 in response to AT1-AA-mediated AT1 R activation during preeclampsia is unknown. Furthermore, the role of AT1-AA-mediated increases in blood pressure during pregnancy remains unclear. The objective of this study was to test the hypothesis that AT1-AA, increased to levels observed in preeclamptic women and placental ischemic rats, increases mean arterial pressure (MAP) by activation of the ET-1 system. Chronic infusion of purified rat AT1-AA into normal pregnant (NP) rats for 7 days increased AT1-AA from 0.68+/-0.5 to 10.88+/-1.1 chronotropic units (P<0.001). The increased AT1-AA increased MAP from 99+/-1 to 119+/-2 mm Hg (P<0.001). The hypertension was associated with significant increases in renal cortices (11-fold) and placental (4-fold) ET-1. To determine whether ET-1 mediates AT1-AA-induced hypertension, pregnant rats infused with AT1-AA and NP rats were treated with an ET(A) receptor antagonist. MAP was 100+/-1 mm Hg in AT1-AA+ET(A) antagonist-treated rats versus 98+/-2 mm Hg in ET(A) antagonist-treated rats. Collectively, these data support the hypothesis that one potential pathway whereby AT1-AAs increase blood pressure during pregnancy is by an ET-1-dependent mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Babbette LaMarca
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Division of Maternal-Fetal Medicine, University of Mississippi Medical Center, 2500 North State Street, Jackson, MS 39216-4505, USA.
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