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Pellissier L, Gaudry A, Vilette S, Lecoultre N, Rutz A, Allard PM, Marcourt L, Ferreira Queiroz E, Chave J, Eparvier V, Stien D, Gindro K, Wolfender JL. Comparative metabolomic study of fungal foliar endophytes and their long-lived host Astrocaryum sciophilum: a model for exploring the chemodiversity of host-microbe interactions. Front Plant Sci 2023; 14:1278745. [PMID: 38186589 PMCID: PMC10768666 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1278745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2023] [Accepted: 11/28/2023] [Indexed: 01/09/2024]
Abstract
Introduction In contrast to the dynamics observed in plant/pathogen interactions, endophytic fungi have the capacity to establish enduring associations within their hosts, leading to the development of a mutually beneficial relationship that relies on specialized chemical interactions. Research indicates that the presence of endophytic fungi has the ability to significantly modify the chemical makeup of the host organism. Our hypothesis proposes the existence of a reciprocal exchange of chemical signals between plants and fungi, facilitated by specialized chemical processes that could potentially manifest within the tissues of the host. This research aimed to precisely quantify the portion of the cumulative fungal endophytic community's metabolome detectable within host leaves, and tentatively evaluate its relevance to the host-endophyte interplay. The understory palm Astrocaryum sciophilum (Miq.) Pulle was used as a interesting host plant because of its notable resilience and prolonged life cycle, in a tropical ecosystem. Method Using advanced metabolome characterization, including UHPLC-HRMS/MS and molecular networking, the study explored enriched metabolomes of both host leaves and 15 endophytic fungi. The intention was to capture a metabolomic "snapshot" of both host and endophytic community, to achieve a thorough and detailed analysis. Results and discussion This approach yielded an extended MS-based molecular network, integrating diverse metadata for identifying host- and endophyte-derived metabolites. The exploration of such data (>24000 features in positive ionization mode) enabled effective metabolome comparison, yielding insights into cultivable endophyte chemodiversity and occurrence of common metabolites between the holobiont and its fungal communities. Surprisingly, a minor subset of features overlapped between host leaf and fungal samples despite significant plant metabolome enrichment. This indicated that fungal metabolic signatures produced in vitro remain sparingly detectable in the leaf. Several classes of primary metabolites were possibly shared. Specific fungal metabolites and/or compounds of their chemical classes were only occasionally discernible in the leaf, highlighting endophytes partial contribution to the overall holobiont metabolome. To our knowledge, the metabolomic study of a plant host and its microbiome has rarely been performed in such a comprehensive manner. The general analytical strategy proposed in this paper seems well-adapted for any study in the field of microbial- or microbiome-related MS and can be applied to most host-microbe interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leonie Pellissier
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Geneva, Centre Médical Universitaire (CMU), Geneva, Switzerland
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Western Switzerland, University of Geneva, Centre Médical Universitaire (CMU), Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Arnaud Gaudry
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Geneva, Centre Médical Universitaire (CMU), Geneva, Switzerland
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Western Switzerland, University of Geneva, Centre Médical Universitaire (CMU), Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Salomé Vilette
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Geneva, Centre Médical Universitaire (CMU), Geneva, Switzerland
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Western Switzerland, University of Geneva, Centre Médical Universitaire (CMU), Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Nicole Lecoultre
- Mycology Group, Research Department Plant Protection, Agroscope, Nyon, Switzerland
| | - Adriano Rutz
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Geneva, Centre Médical Universitaire (CMU), Geneva, Switzerland
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Western Switzerland, University of Geneva, Centre Médical Universitaire (CMU), Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Pierre-Marie Allard
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Geneva, Centre Médical Universitaire (CMU), Geneva, Switzerland
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Western Switzerland, University of Geneva, Centre Médical Universitaire (CMU), Geneva, Switzerland
- Department of Biology, University of Fribourg, Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Laurence Marcourt
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Geneva, Centre Médical Universitaire (CMU), Geneva, Switzerland
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Western Switzerland, University of Geneva, Centre Médical Universitaire (CMU), Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Emerson Ferreira Queiroz
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Geneva, Centre Médical Universitaire (CMU), Geneva, Switzerland
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Western Switzerland, University of Geneva, Centre Médical Universitaire (CMU), Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Jérôme Chave
- Laboratoire Evolution et diversité Biologique (Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) 5174), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Toulouse III (UT3), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), Université Toulouse 3, Toulouse, France
| | - Véronique Eparvier
- Université Paris-Saclay, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de Chimie des Substances Naturelles, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Didier Stien
- Sorbonne Université, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire de Biodiversité et Biotechnologie Microbiennes, Laboratoire de Biodiversité et Biotechnologies Microbiennes (LBBM), Observatoire Océanologique, Banyuls-Sur-Mer, France
| | - Katia Gindro
- Mycology Group, Research Department Plant Protection, Agroscope, Nyon, Switzerland
| | - Jean-Luc Wolfender
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Geneva, Centre Médical Universitaire (CMU), Geneva, Switzerland
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Western Switzerland, University of Geneva, Centre Médical Universitaire (CMU), Geneva, Switzerland
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Hennecke J, Bassi L, Mommer L, Albracht C, Bergmann J, Eisenhauer N, Guerra CA, Heintz-Buschart A, Kuyper TW, Lange M, Solbach MD, Weigelt A. Responses of rhizosphere fungi to the root economics space in grassland monocultures of different age. New Phytol 2023; 240:2035-2049. [PMID: 37691273 DOI: 10.1111/nph.19261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2023] [Accepted: 08/21/2023] [Indexed: 09/12/2023]
Abstract
Recent studies on root traits have shown that there are two axes explaining trait variation belowground: the collaboration axis with mycorrhizal partners and the conservation ('fast - slow') axis. However, it is yet unknown whether these trait axes affect the assembly of soilborne fungi. We expect saprotrophic fungi to link to the conservation axis of root traits, whereas pathogenic and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi link to the collaboration axis, but in opposite directions, as arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi might provide pathogen protection. To test these hypotheses, we sequenced rhizosphere fungal communities and measured root traits in monocultures of 25 grassland plant species, differing in age. Within the fungal guilds, we evaluated fungal species richness, relative abundance and community composition. Contrary to our hypotheses, fungal diversity and relative abundance were not strongly related to the root trait axes. However, saprotrophic fungal community composition was affected by the conservation gradient and pathogenic community composition by the collaboration gradient. The rhizosphere AMF community composition did not change along the collaboration gradient, even though the root trait axis was in line with the root mycorrhizal colonization rate. Overall, our results indicate that in the long term, the root trait axes are linked with fungal community composition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justus Hennecke
- Systematic Botany and Functional Biodiversity, Institute of Biology, Leipzig University, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Leonardo Bassi
- Systematic Botany and Functional Biodiversity, Institute of Biology, Leipzig University, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Liesje Mommer
- Forest Ecology and Forest Management Group, Wageningen University, 6708 PB, Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Cynthia Albracht
- Department of Soil Ecology, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research - UFZ, 06120, Halle, Germany
- Biosystems Data Analysis, Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences, University of Amsterdam, 1098 XH, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Joana Bergmann
- Sustainable Grassland Systems, Leibniz Centre for Agricultural Landscape Research (ZALF), 14641, Paulinenaue, Germany
| | - Nico Eisenhauer
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
- Institute of Biology, Leipzig University, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Carlos A Guerra
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
- Institute of Biology, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, 06108, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Anna Heintz-Buschart
- Biosystems Data Analysis, Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences, University of Amsterdam, 1098 XH, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Thomas W Kuyper
- Soil Biology Group, Wageningen University, 6708 PB, Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Markus Lange
- Department of Biogeochemical Processes, Max Planck Institute for Biogeochemistry, 07745, Jena, Germany
| | - Marcel Dominik Solbach
- Terrestrial Ecology Group, Institute of Zoology, University of Cologne, 50674, Cologne, Germany
| | - Alexandra Weigelt
- Systematic Botany and Functional Biodiversity, Institute of Biology, Leipzig University, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
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Guigard L, Jobert L, Busset N, Moulin L, Czernic P. Symbiotic compatibility between rice cultivars and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi genotypes affects rice growth and mycorrhiza-induced resistance. Front Plant Sci 2023; 14:1278990. [PMID: 37941658 PMCID: PMC10628536 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1278990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2023] [Accepted: 10/09/2023] [Indexed: 11/10/2023]
Abstract
Introduction Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) belong to the Glomeromycota clade and can form root symbioses with 80% of Angiosperms, including crops species such as wheat, maize and rice. By increasing nutrient availability, uptake and soil anchoring of plants, AMF can improve plant's growth and tolerance to abiotic stresses. AMF can also reduce symptoms and pathogen load on infected plants, both locally and systemically, through a phenomenon called mycorrhiza induced resistance (MIR). There is scarce information on rice mycorrhization, despite the high potential of this symbiosis in a context of sustainable water management in rice production systems. Methods We studied the symbiotic compatibility (global mycorrhization & arbuscules intensity) and MIR phenotypes between six rice cultivars from two subspecies (indica: IR64 & Phka Rumduol; japonica: Nipponbare, Kitaake, Azucena & Zhonghua 11) and three AMF genotypes (Funneliformis mosseae FR140 (FM), Rhizophagus irregularis DAOM197198 (RIR) & R. intraradices FR121 (RIN)). The impact of mycorrhization on rice growth and defence response to Xanthomonas oryzae pv oryzae (Xoo) infection was recorded via both phenotypic indexes and rice marker gene expression studies. Results All three AMF genotypes colonise the roots of all rice varieties, with clear differences in efficiency depending on the combination under study (from 27% to 84% for Phka Rumduol-RIN and Nipponbare-RIR combinations, respectively). Mycorrhization significantly (α=0.05) induced negative to beneficial effects on rice growth (impact on dry weight ranging from -21% to 227% on Azucena-FM and Kitaake-RIN combinations, respectively), and neutral to beneficial effects on the extent of Xoo symptoms on leaves (except for Azucena-RIN combination which showed a 68% increase of chlorosis). R. irregularis DAOM197198 was the most compatible AMF partner of rice, with high root colonisation intensity (84% of Nipponbare's roots hyphal colonisation), beneficial effects on rice growth (dry weight +28% (IR64) to +178% (Kitaake)) and decrease of Xoo-induced symptoms (-6% (Nipponbare) to -27% (IR64)). Transcriptomic analyses by RT-qPCR on leaves of two rice cultivars contrasting in their association with AMF show two different patterns of response on several physiological marker genes. Discussion Overall, the symbiotic compatibility between rice cultivars and AMF demonstrates adequate colonization, effectively restricting the nutrient starvation response and mitigating symptoms of phytopathogenic infection.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Pierre Czernic
- PHIM Plant Health Institute, Univ Montpellier, IRD, CIRAD, INRAE, Institut Agro, Montpellier, France
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Rollano-Peñaloza OM, Mollinedo PA, Widell S, Rasmusson AG. Transcriptomic Analysis of Quinoa Reveals a Group of Germin-Like Proteins Induced by Trichoderma. Front Fungal Biol 2021; 2:768648. [PMID: 37744129 PMCID: PMC10512214 DOI: 10.3389/ffunb.2021.768648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2021] [Accepted: 11/04/2021] [Indexed: 09/26/2023]
Abstract
Symbiotic strains of fungi in the genus Trichoderma affect growth and pathogen resistance of many plant species, but the interaction is not known in molecular detail. Here we describe the transcriptomic response of two cultivars of the crop Chenopodium quinoa to axenic co-cultivation with Trichoderma harzianum BOL-12 and Trichoderma afroharzianum T22. The response of C. quinoa roots to BOL-12 and T22 in the early phases of interaction was studied by RNA sequencing and RT-qPCR verification. Interaction with the two fungal strains induced partially overlapping gene expression responses. Comparing the two plant genotypes, a broad spectrum of putative quinoa defense genes were found activated in the cultivar Kurmi but not in the Real cultivar. In cultivar Kurmi, relatively small effects were observed for classical pathogen response pathways but instead a C. quinoa-specific clade of germin-like genes were activated. Germin-like genes were found to be more rapidly induced in cultivar Kurmi as compared to Real. The same germin-like genes were found to also be upregulated systemically in the leaves. No strong correlation was observed between any of the known hormone-mediated defense response pathways and any of the quinoa-Trichoderma interactions. The differences in responses are relevant for the capabilities of applying Trichoderma agents for crop protection of different cultivars of C. quinoa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oscar M. Rollano-Peñaloza
- Instituto de Investigaciones Quimicas, Universidad Mayor de San Andrés, La Paz, Bolivia
- Department of Biology, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Patricia A. Mollinedo
- Instituto de Investigaciones Quimicas, Universidad Mayor de San Andrés, La Paz, Bolivia
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Bamisile BS, Akutse KS, Siddiqui JA, Xu Y. Model Application of Entomopathogenic Fungi as Alternatives to Chemical Pesticides: Prospects, Challenges, and Insights for Next-Generation Sustainable Agriculture. Front Plant Sci 2021; 12:741804. [PMID: 34659310 PMCID: PMC8514871 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.741804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2021] [Accepted: 09/06/2021] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
In the past few decades, the control of pests and diseases of cultivated plants using natural and biological measures has drawn increasing attention in the quest to reduce the level of dependence on chemical products for agricultural production. The use of living organisms, predators, parasitoids, and microorganisms, such as viruses, bacteria, and fungi, has proven to be a viable and sustainable pest management technique. Among the aforementioned, fungi, most importantly the insect-pathogenic species, have been in use for more than 150years. These include the most popular strains belonging to the genera Beauveria, Metarhizium, Isaria, Hirsutella, and Lecanicillium. Their application is usually through an inundative approach, which inherently involves exposure of the fungal spores to unfavorable humidity, temperature, and solar radiation conditions. These abiotic factors reduce the persistence and efficacy of these insect-pathogenic fungi. Despite these limitations, over 170 strains have been formulated as mycopesticides and are available for commercial use. In the last few decades, numerous studies have suggested that these species of entomopathogenic fungi (EPF) offer far more benefits and have broader ecological functions than hitherto presumed. For instance, aside from their roles as insect killers, it has been well established that they also colonize various host plants and, hence, provide other benefits including plant pathogen antagonism and plant growth promotion and serve as sources of novel bioactive compounds and secondary metabolites, etc. In this light, the potential of EPF as alternatives or perhaps as supplements to chemical pesticides in plant protection is discussed in this review. The paper highlights the numerous benefits associated with endophytic fungal entomopathogen and host plant associations, the mechanisms involved in mediating plant defense against pests and pathogens, and the general limitations to the use of EPF in plant protection. A deeper understanding of these plant host-fungus-insect relationships could help unveil the hidden potentials of fungal endophytes, which would consequently increase the level of acceptance and adoption by users as an integral part of pest management programs and as a suitable alternative to chemical inputs toward sustainable crop production.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Komivi Senyo Akutse
- Plant Health Theme, International Centre of Insect Physiology and Ecology, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Junaid Ali Siddiqui
- Department of Entomology, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yijuan Xu
- Department of Entomology, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
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Manser B, Koller T, Praz CR, Roulin AC, Zbinden H, Arora S, Steuernagel B, Wulff BBH, Keller B, Sánchez-Martín J. Identification of specificity-defining amino acids of the wheat immune receptor Pm2 and powdery mildew effector AvrPm2. Plant J 2021; 106:993-1007. [PMID: 33629439 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.15214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2020] [Revised: 02/15/2021] [Accepted: 02/18/2021] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Plant nucleotide-binding leucine-rich repeat receptors (NLRs) act as intracellular sensors for pathogen-derived effector proteins and trigger an immune response, frequently resulting in the hypersensitive cell death response (HR) of the infected host cell. The wheat (Triticum aestivum) NLR Pm2 confers resistance against the fungal pathogen Blumeria graminis f. sp. tritici (Bgt) if the isolate contains the specific RNase-like effector AvrPm2. We identified and isolated seven new Pm2 alleles (Pm2e-i) in the wheat D-genome ancestor Aegilops tauschii and two new natural AvrPm2 haplotypes from Bgt. Upon transient co-expression in Nicotiana benthamiana, we observed a variant-specific HR of the Pm2 variants Pm2a and Pm2i towards AvrPm2 or its homolog from the AvrPm2 effector family, BgtE-5843, respectively. Through the introduction of naturally occurring non-synonymous single nucleotide polymorphisms and structure-guided mutations, we identified single amino acids in both the wheat NLR Pm2 and the fungal effector proteins AvrPm2 and BgtE-5843 responsible for the variant-specific HR of the Pm2 variants. Exchanging these amino acids led to a modified HR of the Pm2-AvrPm2 interaction and allowed the identification of the effector head epitope, a 20-amino-acid long unit of AvrPm2 involved in the HR. Swapping of the AvrPm2 head epitope to the non-HR-triggering AvrPm2 family member BgtE-5846 led to gain of a HR by Pm2a. Our study presents a molecular approach to identify crucial effector surface structures involved in the HR and demonstrates that natural and induced diversity in an immune receptor and its corresponding effectors can provide the basis for understanding and modifying NLR-effector specificity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beatrice Manser
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of Zurich, Zollikerstrasse 107, Zurich, 8008, Switzerland
| | - Teresa Koller
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of Zurich, Zollikerstrasse 107, Zurich, 8008, Switzerland
| | - Coraline Rosalie Praz
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of Zurich, Zollikerstrasse 107, Zurich, 8008, Switzerland
| | - Anne C Roulin
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of Zurich, Zollikerstrasse 107, Zurich, 8008, Switzerland
| | - Helen Zbinden
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of Zurich, Zollikerstrasse 107, Zurich, 8008, Switzerland
| | - Sanu Arora
- John Innes Centre, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, NR4 7UH, UK
| | | | | | - Beat Keller
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of Zurich, Zollikerstrasse 107, Zurich, 8008, Switzerland
| | - Javier Sánchez-Martín
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of Zurich, Zollikerstrasse 107, Zurich, 8008, Switzerland
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Acuña-Rodríguez IS, Galán A, Torres-Díaz C, Atala C, Molina-Montenegro MA. Fungal Symbionts Enhance N-Uptake for Antarctic Plants Even in Non-N Limited Soils. Front Microbiol 2020; 11:575563. [PMID: 33193189 PMCID: PMC7645117 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.575563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2020] [Accepted: 10/05/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Plant-fungi interactions have been identified as fundamental drivers of the plant host performance, particularly in cold environments where organic matter degradation rates are slow, precisely for the capacity of the fungal symbiont to enhance the availability of labile nitrogen (N) in the plant rhizosphere. Nevertheless, these positive effects appear to be modulated by the composition and amount of the N pool in the soil, being greater when plant hosts are growing where N is scarce as is the case of Antarctic soils. Nevertheless, in some coastal areas of this continent, seabirds and marine mammal colonies exert, through their accumulated feces and urine a strong influence on the edaphic N content surrounding their aggregation points. To evaluate if the fungal symbionts (root endophytes), associated to the only two Antarctic vascular plants Colobanthus quitensis and Deschampsia antarctica, act as N-uptake enhancers, even in such N-rich conditions as those found around animal influence, we assessed, under controlled conditions, the process of N mineralization in soil by the accumulation of NH4 + in the rizhosphere and the biomass accumulation of plants with (E+) and without (E-) fungal symbionts. Complementarily, taking advantage of the isotopic N-fractionation that root-fungal symbionts exert on organic N molecules during its acquisition process, we also determined if endophytes actively participate in the Antarctic plants N-uptake, when inorganic N is not a limiting factor, by estimating the δ15N isotopic signatures in leaves. Overall, symbiotic interaction increased the availability of NH4 + in the rhizosphere of both species. As expected, the enhanced availability of inorganic N resulted in a higher final biomass in E + compared with E- plants of both species. In addition, we found that the positive role of fungal symbionts was also actively linked to the process of N-uptake in both species, evidenced by the contrasting δ15N signatures present in E+ (-0.4 to -2.3‰) relative to E- plants (2.7-3.1‰). In conclusion, despite being grown under rich N soils, the two Antarctic vascular plants showed that the presence of root-fungal endophytes, furthermore enhanced the availability of inorganic N sources in the rhizosphere, has a positive impact in their biomass, remarking the active participation of these endophytes in the N-uptake process for plants inhabiting the Antarctic continent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ian S. Acuña-Rodríguez
- Laboratorio de Biología Vegetal, Instituto de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad de Talca, Talca, Chile
| | - Alexander Galán
- Centro de Investigación en Estudios Avanzados del Maule (CIEAM), Vicerrectoría de Investigación y Postgrado, Universidad Católica del Maule, Talca, Chile
- Departamento de Obras Civiles, Facultad de Ciencias de la Ingeniería, Universidad Católica del Maule, Talca, Chile
- Centro Regional de Estudios Ambientales (CREA), Universidad Católica de la Santísima Concepción, Concepción, Chile
| | - Cristian Torres-Díaz
- Laboratorio de Genómica y Biodiversidad (LGB), Departamento de Ciencias Naturales, Universidad del Bío-Bío, Chillán, Chile
| | - Cristian Atala
- Laboratorio de Anatomía y Ecología Funcional de Plantas (AEF), Instituto de Biología, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso, Campus Curauma, Valparaíso, Chile
| | - Marco A. Molina-Montenegro
- Laboratorio de Biología Vegetal, Instituto de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad de Talca, Talca, Chile
- Centro de Investigación en Estudios Avanzados del Maule (CIEAM), Vicerrectoría de Investigación y Postgrado, Universidad Católica del Maule, Talca, Chile
- Centro de Estudios Avanzados en Zonas Áridas (CEAZA), Facultad de Ciencias del Mar, Universidad Católica del Norte, Coquimbo, Chile
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Ferrio JP, Dubbert M, Máguas C. Editorial: The Green Side of the Water Cycle: New Advances in the Study of Plant Water Dynamics. Front Plant Sci 2020; 11:582846. [PMID: 32983225 PMCID: PMC7492972 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2020.582846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2020] [Accepted: 08/19/2020] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Juan Pedro Ferrio
- Aragon Agency for Research and Development (ARAID), Zaragoza, Spain
- Department of Forest Resources, Agrifood Research and Technology Centre of Aragon (CITA), Zaragoza, Spain
- *Correspondence: Juan Pedro Ferrio,
| | - Maren Dubbert
- Ecosystem Physiology, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- Landscape Ecohydrology, IGB Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Cristina Máguas
- Centre for Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Changes (cE3c), Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
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Truong C, Gabbarini LA, Corrales A, Mujic AB, Escobar JM, Moretto A, Smith ME. Ectomycorrhizal fungi and soil enzymes exhibit contrasting patterns along elevation gradients in southern Patagonia. New Phytol 2019; 222:1936-1950. [PMID: 30689219 DOI: 10.1111/nph.15714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2018] [Accepted: 01/21/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The biological and functional diversity of ectomycorrhizal (ECM) associations remain largely unknown in South America. In Patagonia, the ECM tree Nothofagus pumilio forms monospecific forests along mountain slopes without confounding effects of vegetation on plant-fungi interactions. To determine how fungal diversity and function are linked to elevation, we characterized fungal communities, edaphic variables, and eight extracellular enzyme activities along six elevation transects in Tierra del Fuego (Argentina and Chile). We also tested whether pairing ITS1 rDNA Illumina sequences generated taxonomic biases related to sequence length. Fungal community shifts across elevations were mediated primarily by soil pH with the most species-rich fungal families occurring mostly within a narrow pH range. By contrast, enzyme activities were minimally influenced by elevation but correlated with soil factors, especially total soil carbon. The activity of leucine aminopeptidase was positively correlated with ECM fungal richness and abundance, and acid phosphatase was correlated with nonECM fungal abundance. Several fungal lineages were undetected when using exclusively paired or unpaired forward ITS1 sequences, and these taxonomic biases need reconsideration for future studies. Our results suggest that soil fungi in N. pumilio forests are functionally similar across elevations and that these diverse communities help to maintain nutrient mobilization across the elevation gradient.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camille Truong
- Instituto de Biología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, CP, 04510, Ciudad de México, México
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA
| | - Luciano A Gabbarini
- Programa Interacciones Biológicas, Departamento de Ciencia y Tecnología, Universidad Nacional de Quilmes, Bernal, Buenos Aires, B1876BX, Argentina
| | - Adriana Corrales
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA
- Programa de Biología, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Matemáticas, Universidad del Rosario, Bogotá, DC, 111221, Colombia
| | - Alija B Mujic
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA
- Department of Biology, California State University at Fresno, Fresno, CA, 93740, USA
| | - Julio M Escobar
- Centro Austral de Investigaciones Científicas (CONICET), Ushuaia, V9410BFD, Tierra del Fuego, Argentina
| | - Alicia Moretto
- Centro Austral de Investigaciones Científicas (CONICET), Ushuaia, V9410BFD, Tierra del Fuego, Argentina
- Universidad Nacional de Tierra del Fuego, Ushuaia, V9410BFD, Tierra del Fuego, Argentina
| | - Matthew E Smith
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA
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Pellissier L, Niculita-Hirzel H, Dubuis A, Pagni M, Guex N, Ndiribe C, Salamin N, Xenarios I, Goudet J, Sanders IR, Guisan A. Soil fungal communities of grasslands are environmentally structured at a regional scale in the Alps. Mol Ecol 2014; 23:4274-90. [PMID: 25041483 DOI: 10.1111/mec.12854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2013] [Revised: 06/18/2014] [Accepted: 07/05/2014] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Studying patterns of species distributions along elevation gradients is frequently used to identify the primary factors that determine the distribution, diversity and assembly of species. However, despite their crucial role in ecosystem functioning, our understanding of the distribution of below-ground fungi is still limited, calling for more comprehensive studies of fungal biogeography along environmental gradients at various scales (from regional to global). Here, we investigated the richness of taxa of soil fungi and their phylogenetic diversity across a wide range of grassland types along a 2800 m elevation gradient at a large number of sites (213), stratified across a region of the Western Swiss Alps (700 km(2)). We used 454 pyrosequencing to obtain fungal sequences that were clustered into operational taxonomic units (OTUs). The OTU diversity-area relationship revealed uneven distribution of fungal taxa across the study area (i.e. not all taxa are everywhere) and fine-scale spatial clustering. Fungal richness and phylogenetic diversity were found to be higher in lower temperatures and higher moisture conditions. Climatic and soil characteristics as well as plant community composition were related to OTU alpha, beta and phylogenetic diversity, with distinct fungal lineages suggesting distinct ecological tolerances. Soil fungi, thus, show lineage-specific biogeographic patterns, even at a regional scale, and follow environmental determinism, mediated by interactions with plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Pellissier
- Department of Ecology and Evolution, University of Lausanne, Biophore Building, 1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
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