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Loboda M, Biliavska L, Iutynska G, Newitt J, Mariychuk R. Natural Products Biosynthesis by Streptomyces netropsis IMV Ac-5025 under Exogenous Sterol Action. Antibiotics (Basel) 2024; 13:146. [PMID: 38391532 PMCID: PMC10886242 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics13020146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2024] [Revised: 01/29/2024] [Accepted: 01/30/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Streptomycetes are known as producers of bioactive substances, particularly antibiotics. Streptomyces netropsis IMV Ac-5025 simultaneously produces different classes of antibiotics, including polyene compounds, phytohormones, and sterols, but the metabolic pathways involved in their biosynthesis are largely understudied. The aim of this work was to explore the biosynthesis of polyene antibiotics, sterols, and phytohormones when the producer is cultivated in a nutrient medium supplemented with exogenous β-sitosterol. Gas chromatography and high-performance liquid chromatography were applied to analyze the spectrum of bioactive compounds. The obtained results demonstrated not only an increase in the accumulation of biomass but also polyene antibiotics, intracellular sterols, auxins, and cytokinins, when cultivating S. netropsis IMV Ac-5025 in a liquid medium with the addition of β-sitosterol. The amount of biomass raised 1.5-2-fold, whilst the sum of polyene antibiotics increased 4.5-fold, sterols' sum (ergosterol, cholesterol, stigmasterol, β-sitosterol, and 24-epibrassinolide) by 2.9-fold, auxins' sum (indole-3-acetic acid, indole-3-acetic acid hydrazide, indole-3-carbinol, indole-3-butyric acid, indole-3-carboxaldehyde, and indole-3-carboxylic acid) by 6-fold, and cytokinins' sum (zeatin, isopentyladenine, zeatin riboside, and isopentenyladenosine) by 11-fold. Thus, we put forward the hypothesis that β-sitosterol plays a regulatory role in the network of biosynthetic reactions of S. netropsis IMV Ac-5025.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariia Loboda
- Department of General and Soil Microbiology, D.K. Zabolotny Institute of Microbiology and Virology, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Akademika Zabolotnoho Str., 154, 03143 Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - Liudmyla Biliavska
- Department of General and Soil Microbiology, D.K. Zabolotny Institute of Microbiology and Virology, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Akademika Zabolotnoho Str., 154, 03143 Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - Galyna Iutynska
- Department of General and Soil Microbiology, D.K. Zabolotny Institute of Microbiology and Virology, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Akademika Zabolotnoho Str., 154, 03143 Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - Jake Newitt
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, John Innes Centre, Norwich NR4 7UH, UK
| | - Ruslan Mariychuk
- Department of Ecology, Faculty of Humanities and Natural Science, University of Presov, 08001 Presov, Slovakia
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Tevyashova AN, Efimova SS, Alexandrov AI, Ghazy ESMO, Bychkova EN, Solovieva SE, Zatonsky GB, Grammatikova NE, Dezhenkova LG, Pereverzeva ER, Isakova EB, Ostroumova OS, Omelchuk OA, Muravieva VV, Krotova MM, Priputnevich TV, Shchekotikhin AE. Semisynthetic Amides of Polyene Antibiotic Natamycin. ACS Infect Dis 2023; 9:42-55. [PMID: 36563312 DOI: 10.1021/acsinfecdis.2c00237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Natamycin is a macrolide polyene antibiotic, characterized by a potent broad spectrum antifungal activity and low toxicity. However, it is not used for the treatment of systemic mycoses due to its low bioavailability and low solubility in aqueous solutions. In order to create new semisynthetic antifungal agents for treatment of mycoses, a series of water-soluble amides of natamycin were synthesized. Antifungal activities of natamycin derivatives were investigated against Candida spp., including a panel of Candida auris clinical isolates and filamentous fungi. Toxicity for mammalian cells was assayed by monitoring antiproliferative activity against human postnatal fibroblasts (HPF) and human embryonic kidney cells (HEK293). By comparing leakage of contents from ergosterol versus cholesterol containing vesicles, a ratio that characterizes the efficacy and safety of natamycin and its derivatives was determined (EI, efficiency index). Ability of all tested semisynthetic natamycines to prevent proliferation of the yeast Candida spp. cells was comparable or even slightly higher to those of parent antibiotic. Interestingly, amide 8 was more potent than natamycin (1) against all tested C. auris strains (MIC values 2 μg/mL vs 8 μg/mL, respectively). Among 7 derivatives, amide 10 with long lipophilic side chains showed the highest EI and strong antifungal activity in vitro but was more toxic against HPF. In vivo experiments with amide 8 showed in vivo efficacy on a mouse candidemia model with a larger LD50/ED50 ratio in comparison to amphotericin B.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna N Tevyashova
- Gause Institute of New Antibiotics, 11 B. Pirogovskaya, Moscow119021, Russia
| | - Svetlana S Efimova
- Institute of Cytology of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 4 Tikhoretsky Avenue, St. Petersburg194064, Russia
| | - Alexander I Alexandrov
- Federal Research Center "Fundamentals of Biotechnology" of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Bach Institute of Biochemistry, 33 Leninsky Avenue, Bld. 2, Moscow119071, Russia
| | - Eslam S M O Ghazy
- Federal Research Center "Fundamentals of Biotechnology" of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Bach Institute of Biochemistry, 33 Leninsky Avenue, Bld. 2, Moscow119071, Russia.,Institute of Biochemical Technology and Nanotechnology, Peoples' Friendship University of Russia (RUDN), 6 Miklukho-Maklaya Street, Moscow117198, Russia.,Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tanta University, Tanta31111, Egypt
| | - Elena N Bychkova
- Gause Institute of New Antibiotics, 11 B. Pirogovskaya, Moscow119021, Russia
| | | | - Georgy B Zatonsky
- Gause Institute of New Antibiotics, 11 B. Pirogovskaya, Moscow119021, Russia
| | | | - Lyubov G Dezhenkova
- Gause Institute of New Antibiotics, 11 B. Pirogovskaya, Moscow119021, Russia
| | | | - Elena B Isakova
- Gause Institute of New Antibiotics, 11 B. Pirogovskaya, Moscow119021, Russia
| | - Olga S Ostroumova
- Institute of Cytology of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 4 Tikhoretsky Avenue, St. Petersburg194064, Russia
| | - Olga A Omelchuk
- Gause Institute of New Antibiotics, 11 B. Pirogovskaya, Moscow119021, Russia
| | - Vera V Muravieva
- National Medical Research Center for Obstetrics, Gynecology and Perinatology Named After Academician V.I. Kulakov of Ministry of Healthcare of Russian Federation, 4 Oparin Street, Moscow117997, Russia
| | - Marina M Krotova
- National Medical Research Center for Obstetrics, Gynecology and Perinatology Named After Academician V.I. Kulakov of Ministry of Healthcare of Russian Federation, 4 Oparin Street, Moscow117997, Russia
| | - Tatiana V Priputnevich
- National Medical Research Center for Obstetrics, Gynecology and Perinatology Named After Academician V.I. Kulakov of Ministry of Healthcare of Russian Federation, 4 Oparin Street, Moscow117997, Russia
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Tevyashova A, Efimova S, Alexandrov A, Omelchuk O, Ghazy E, Bychkova E, Zatonsky G, Grammatikova N, Dezhenkova L, Solovieva S, Ostroumova O, Shchekotikhin A. Semisynthetic Amides of Amphotericin B and Nystatin A(1): A Comparative Study of In Vitro Activity/Toxicity Ratio in Relation to Selectivity to Ergosterol Membranes. Antibiotics (Basel) 2023; 12. [PMID: 36671352 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics12010151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2022] [Revised: 12/24/2022] [Accepted: 01/05/2023] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Polyene antifungal amphotericin B (AmB) has been used for over 60 years, and remains a valuable clinical treatment for systemic mycoses, due to its broad antifungal activity and low rate of emerging resistance. There is no consensus on how exactly it kills fungal cells but it is certain that AmB and the closely-related nystatin (Nys) can form pores in membranes and have a higher affinity towards ergosterol than cholesterol. Notably, the high nephro- and hemolytic toxicity of polyenes and their low solubility in water have led to efforts to improve their properties. We present the synthesis of new amphotericin and nystatin amides and a comparative study of the effects of identical modifications of AmB and Nys on the relationship between their structure and properties. Generally, increases in the activity/toxicity ratio were in good agreement with increasing ratios of selective permeabilization of ergosterol- vs. cholesterol-containing membranes. We also show that the introduced modifications had an effect on the sensitivity of mutant yeast strains with alterations in ergosterol biosynthesis to the studied polyenes, suggesting a varying affinity towards intermediate ergosterol precursors. Three new water-soluble nystatin derivatives showed a prominent improvement in safety and were selected as promising candidates for drug development.
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Bruno F, Camuso S, Capuozzo E, Canterini S. The Antifungal Antibiotic Filipin as a Diagnostic Tool of Cholesterol Alterations in Lysosomal Storage Diseases and Neurodegenerative Disorders. Antibiotics (Basel) 2023; 12:antibiotics12010122. [PMID: 36671323 PMCID: PMC9855188 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics12010122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2022] [Revised: 01/05/2023] [Accepted: 01/05/2023] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Cholesterol is the most considerable member of a family of polycyclic compounds understood as sterols, and represents an amphipathic molecule, such as phospholipids, with the polar hydroxyl group located in position 3 and the rest of the molecule is completely hydrophobic. In cells, it is usually present as free, unesterified cholesterol, or as esterified cholesterol, in which the hydroxyl group binds to a carboxylic acid and thus generates an apolar molecule. Filipin is a naturally fluorescent antibiotic that exerts a primary antifungal effect with low antibacterial activity, interfering with the sterol stabilization of the phospholipid layers and favoring membrane leakage. This polyene macrolide antibiotic does not bind to esterified sterols, but only to non-esterified cholesterol, and it is commonly used as a marker to label and quantify free cholesterol in cells and tissues. Several lines of evidence have indicated that filipin staining could be a good diagnostic tool for the cholesterol alterations present in neurodegenerative (e.g., Alzheimer's Disease and Huntington Disease) and lysosomal storage diseases (e.g., Niemann Pick type C Disease and GM1 gangliosidosis). Here, we have discussed the uses and applications of this fluorescent molecule in lipid storage diseases and neurodegenerative disorders, exploring not only the diagnostic strength of filipin staining, but also its limitations, which over the years have led to the development of new diagnostic tools to combine with filipin approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Bruno
- Regional Neurogenetic Centre (CRN), Department of Primary Care, ASP Catanzaro, 88046 Lamezia Terme, Italy
- Association for Neurogenetic Research (ARN), 88046 Lamezia Terme, Italy
| | - Serena Camuso
- Division of Neuroscience, Department of Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Elisabetta Capuozzo
- Department of Biochemical Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy
- Correspondence: (E.C.); (S.C.)
| | - Sonia Canterini
- Division of Neuroscience, Department of Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy
- Correspondence: (E.C.); (S.C.)
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Bobek J, Filipová E, Bergman N, Čihák M, Petříček M, Lara AC, Kristufek V, Megyes M, Wurzer T, Chroňáková A, Petříčková K. Polyenic Antibiotics and Other Antifungal Compounds Produced by Hemolytic Streptomyces Species. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23. [PMID: 36499372 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232315045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2022] [Revised: 11/14/2022] [Accepted: 11/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Streptomyces are of great interest in the pharmaceutical industry as they produce a plethora of secondary metabolites that act as antibacterial and antifungal agents. They may thrive on their own in the soil, or associate with other organisms, such as plants or invertebrates. Some soil-derived strains exhibit hemolytic properties when cultivated on blood agar, raising the question of whether hemolysis could be a virulence factor of the bacteria. In this work we examined hemolytic compound production in 23 β-hemolytic Streptomyces isolates; of these 12 were soil-derived, 10 were arthropod-associated, and 1 was plant-associated. An additional human-associated S. sp. TR1341 served as a control. Mass spectrometry analysis suggested synthesis of polyene molecules responsible for the hemolysis: candicidins, filipins, strevertene A, tetrafungin, and tetrin A, as well as four novel polyene compounds (denoted here as polyene A, B, C, and D) in individual liquid cultures or paired co-cultures. The non-polyene antifungal compounds actiphenol and surugamide A were also identified. The findings indicate that the ability of Streptomyces to produce cytolytic compounds (here manifested by hemolysis on blood agar) is an intrinsic feature of the bacteria in the soil environment and could even serve as a virulence factor when colonizing available host organisms. Additionally, a literature review of polyenes and non-polyene hemolytic metabolites produced by Streptomyces is presented.
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Kisil OV, Efimenko TA, Efremenkova OV. Looking Back to Amycolatopsis: History of the Antibiotic Discovery and Future Prospects. Antibiotics (Basel) 2021; 10:1254. [PMID: 34680834 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics10101254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2021] [Revised: 10/07/2021] [Accepted: 10/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The emergence of antibiotic-resistant pathogenic bacteria in recent decades leads us to an urgent need for the development of new antibacterial agents. The species of the genus Amycolatopsis are known as producers of secondary metabolites that are used in medicine and agriculture. The complete genome sequences of the Amycolatopsis demonstrate a wide variety of biosynthetic gene clusters, which highlights the potential ability of actinomycetes of this genus to produce new antibiotics. In this review, we summarize information about antibiotics produced by Amycolatopsis species. This knowledge demonstrates the prospects for further study of this genus as an enormous source of antibiotics.
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Tevyashova AN, Bychkova EN, Solovieva SE, Zatonsky GV, Grammatikova NE, Isakova EB, Mirchink EP, Treshchalin ID, Pereverzeva ER, Bykov EE, Efimova SS, Ostroumova OS, Shchekotikhin AE. Discovery of Amphamide, a Drug Candidate for the Second Generation of Polyene Antibiotics. ACS Infect Dis 2020; 6:2029-2044. [PMID: 32598131 DOI: 10.1021/acsinfecdis.0c00068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Amphotericin B (AmB, 1) is the drug of choice for treating the most serious systemic fungal or protozoan infections. Nevertheless, its application is limited by low solubility in aqueous media and serious side effects such as infusion-related reactions, hemolytic toxicity, and nephrotoxicity. Owing to these limitations, it is essential to search for the polyene derivatives with better chemotherapeutic properties. With the objective of obtaining AmB derivatives with lower self-aggregation and improved solubility, we synthesized a series of amides of AmB bearing an additional basic group in the introduced residue. The screening of antifungal activity in vitro revealed that N-(2-aminoethyl)amide of AmB (amphamide, 6) had superior antifungal activity compared to that of the paternal AmB. Preclinical studies in mice confirmed that compound 6 had a much lower acute toxicity and higher antifungal efficacy in the model of mice candidosis sepsis compared with that of AmB (1). Thus, the discovered amphamide is a promising drug candidate for the second generation of polyene antibiotics and is also prospective for in-depth preclinical and clinical evaluation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna N. Tevyashova
- Gause Institute of New Antibiotics, 11 B. Pirogovskaya, Moscow, 199021, Russia
- D. Mendeleev University of Chemical Technology of Russia, 9 Miusskaya sq., Moscow, 125047, Russia
| | - Elena N. Bychkova
- Gause Institute of New Antibiotics, 11 B. Pirogovskaya, Moscow, 199021, Russia
| | | | - George V. Zatonsky
- Gause Institute of New Antibiotics, 11 B. Pirogovskaya, Moscow, 199021, Russia
| | | | - Elena B. Isakova
- Gause Institute of New Antibiotics, 11 B. Pirogovskaya, Moscow, 199021, Russia
| | - Elena P. Mirchink
- Gause Institute of New Antibiotics, 11 B. Pirogovskaya, Moscow, 199021, Russia
| | - Ivan D. Treshchalin
- Gause Institute of New Antibiotics, 11 B. Pirogovskaya, Moscow, 199021, Russia
| | | | - Evgeny E. Bykov
- Gause Institute of New Antibiotics, 11 B. Pirogovskaya, Moscow, 199021, Russia
| | - Svetlana S. Efimova
- Institute of Cytology of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 4 Tikhoretsky ave., St. Petersburg, 194064, Russia
| | - Olga S. Ostroumova
- Institute of Cytology of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 4 Tikhoretsky ave., St. Petersburg, 194064, Russia
| | - Andrey E. Shchekotikhin
- Gause Institute of New Antibiotics, 11 B. Pirogovskaya, Moscow, 199021, Russia
- D. Mendeleev University of Chemical Technology of Russia, 9 Miusskaya sq., Moscow, 125047, Russia
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Grela E, Wieczór M, Luchowski R, Zielinska J, Barzycka A, Grudzinski W, Nowak K, Tarkowski P, Czub J, Gruszecki WI. Mechanism of Binding of Antifungal Antibiotic Amphotericin B to Lipid Membranes: An Insight from Combined Single-Membrane Imaging, Microspectroscopy, and Molecular Dynamics. Mol Pharm 2018; 15:4202-4213. [PMID: 30081640 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.8b00572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Amphotericin B is a lifesaving polyene antibiotic used in the treatment of systemic mycoses. Unfortunately, the pharmacological applicability of this drug is limited because of its severe toxic side effects. At the same time, the lack of a well-defined mechanism of selectivity hampers the efforts to rationally design safer derivatives. As the drug primarily targets the biomembranes of both fungi and humans, new insights into the binding of amphotericin B to lipid membranes can be helpful in unveiling the molecular mechanisms underlying both its pharmacological activity and toxicity. We use fluorescence-lifetime-imaging microscopy combined with fluorescence-emission spectroscopy in the microscale to study the interaction of amphotericin B with single lipid bilayers, using model systems based on giant unilamellar liposomes formed with three lipids: dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine (DPPC), dimirystoylphosphatidylcholine (DMPC), and 1-palmitoyl-2-oleoylphosphatidylcholine (POPC). The results show that amphotericin B introduced into the water phase as a DMSO solution binds to the membrane as dimers and small-molecular aggregates that we identify as tetramers and trimers. Fluorescence-detected linear-dichroism measurements revealed high orientational freedom of all the molecular-organization forms with respect to the membrane plane, which suggests that the drug partially binds to the membrane surface. The presence of sterols in the lipid phase (cholesterol but particularly ergosterol at 30 mol %) promotes the penetration of drug molecules into the lipid membrane, as concluded on the basis of the decreased orientation angle of amphotericin B molecules with respect to the axis normal to the membrane plane. Moreover, ergosterol facilitates the association of amphotericin B dimers into aggregated structures that can play a role in membrane destabilization or permeabilization. The presence of cholesterol inhibits the formation of small aggregates in the lipid phase of liposomes, making this system a promising candidate for a low-toxicity antibiotic-delivery system. Our conclusions are supported with molecular simulations that reveal the conformational properties of AmB oligomers in both aqueous solution and lipid bilayers of different compositions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ewa Grela
- Department of Biophysics, Institute of Physics , Maria Curie-Sklodowska University , 20-031 Lublin , Poland.,Department of Biophysics, Institute of Biology , Maria Curie-Sklodowska University , 20-031 Lublin , Poland
| | - Miłosz Wieczór
- Department of Physical Chemistry , Gdansk University of Technology , 80-233 Gdansk , Poland
| | - Rafał Luchowski
- Department of Biophysics, Institute of Physics , Maria Curie-Sklodowska University , 20-031 Lublin , Poland
| | - Joanna Zielinska
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry , Medical University of Gdansk , 80-416 Gdansk , Poland
| | - Angelika Barzycka
- Department of Biophysics, Institute of Physics , Maria Curie-Sklodowska University , 20-031 Lublin , Poland
| | - Wojciech Grudzinski
- Department of Biophysics, Institute of Physics , Maria Curie-Sklodowska University , 20-031 Lublin , Poland
| | - Katarzyna Nowak
- Department of Natural Environment Biogeochemistry, Institute of Agrophysics , Polish Academy of Sciences , 20-290 Lublin , Poland
| | | | - Jacek Czub
- Department of Physical Chemistry , Gdansk University of Technology , 80-233 Gdansk , Poland
| | - Wieslaw I Gruszecki
- Department of Biophysics, Institute of Physics , Maria Curie-Sklodowska University , 20-031 Lublin , Poland
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Mobasheri M, Attar H, Rezayat Sorkhabadi SM, Khamesipour A, Jaafari MR. Solubilization Behavior of Polyene Antibiotics in Nanomicellar System: Insights from Molecular Dynamics Simulation of the Amphotericin B and Nystatin Interactions with Polysorbate 80. Molecules 2015; 21:E6. [PMID: 26712721 PMCID: PMC6273564 DOI: 10.3390/molecules21010006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2015] [Revised: 11/26/2015] [Accepted: 11/27/2015] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Amphotericin B (AmB) and Nystatin (Nys) are the drugs of choice for treatment of systemic and superficial mycotic infections, respectively, with their full clinical potential unrealized due to the lack of high therapeutic index formulations for their solubilized delivery. In the present study, using a coarse-grained (CG) molecular dynamics (MD) simulation approach, we investigated the interaction of AmB and Nys with Polysorbate 80 (P80) to gain insight into the behavior of these polyene antibiotics (PAs) in nanomicellar solution and derive potential implications for their formulation development. While the encapsulation process was predominantly governed by hydrophobic forces, the dynamics, hydration, localization, orientation, and solvation of PAs in the micelle were largely controlled by hydrophilic interactions. Simulation results rationalized the experimentally observed capability of P80 in solubilizing PAs by indicating (i) the dominant kinetics of drugs encapsulation over self-association; (ii) significantly lower hydration of the drugs at encapsulated state compared with aggregated state; (iii) monomeric solubilization of the drugs; (iv) contribution of drug-micelle interactions to the solubilization; (v) suppressed diffusivity of the encapsulated drugs; (vi) high loading capacity of the micelle; and (vii) the structural robustness of the micelle against drug loading. Supported from the experimental data, our simulations determined the preferred location of PAs to be the core-shell interface at the relatively shallow depth of 75% of micelle radius. Deeper penetration of PAs was impeded by the synergistic effects of (i) limited diffusion of water; and (ii) perpendicular orientation of these drug molecules with respect to the micelle radius. PAs were solvated almost exclusively in the aqueous poly-oxyethylene (POE) medium due to the distance-related lack of interaction with the core, explaining the documented insensitivity of Nys solubilization to drug-core compatibility in detergent micelles. Based on the obtained results, the dearth of water at interior sites of micelle and the large lateral occupation space of PAs lead to shallow insertion, broad radial distribution, and lack of core interactions of the amphiphilic drugs. Hence, controlled promotion of micelle permeability and optimization of chain crowding in palisade layer may help to achieve more efficient solubilization of the PAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meysam Mobasheri
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran 1477893855, Iran.
| | - Hossein Attar
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran 1477893855, Iran.
- Tofigh Daru Research and Engineering Company (TODACO), Tehran 1397116359, Iran.
| | - Seyed Mehdi Rezayat Sorkhabadi
- Department of Medical Nanotechnology, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 1417755469, Iran.
- Department of Toxicology and Pharmacology, Pharmaceutical Sciences Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran 193956466, Iran.
| | - Ali Khamesipour
- Center for Research and Training in Skin Diseases and Leprosy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 1416613675, Iran.
| | - Mahmoud Reza Jaafari
- Biotechnology Research Center, Nanotechnology Research Center, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, P. O. Box: 91775-1365, Mashhad 917751365, Iran.
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Efimova SS, Schagina LV, Ostroumova OS. Investigation of channel-forming activity of polyene macrolide antibiotics in planar lipid bilayers in the presence of dipole modifiers. Acta Naturae 2014; 6:67-79. [PMID: 25558397 PMCID: PMC4273094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
The role of membrane components, sterols, phospholipids and sphingolipids in the formation and functioning of ion-permeable nanopores formed by antifungal macrolide antibiotics, amphotericin B, nystatin and filipin in planar lipid bilayers was studied. Dipole modifiers, flavonoids and styryl dyes, were used as a tool to study the molecular mechanisms of polyene channel-forming activity. The introduction of dipole modifiers into the membrane bathing solutions was shown to change the conductance of single channels and the steadystate transmembrane current induced by polyene antibiotics in the sterol-containing phospholipid-bilayers. The conductance of single amphotericin B channels was found to depend on the dipole potential of the membrane. The experiments with various phospholipids, sterols, and polyenes led to the assumption that the shape of a phospholipid molecule, the presence of double bonds at the positions 7 and 22 of a sterol molecule, the number of conjugated double bonds, and the presence of an amino sugar in the polyene antibiotic molecule are important factors impacting the stability of polyene-lipid complexes forming ion-permeable pores. Experimental and literature data presented in the paper suggest that the channel-forming activity of polyene antibiotics is also affected by the physicochemical properties of polyene-enriched ordered membrane domains.
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Affiliation(s)
- S. S. Efimova
- Institute of Cytology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Tikhoretsky Ave., 4, St. Petersburg, 194064, Russia
| | - L. V. Schagina
- Institute of Cytology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Tikhoretsky Ave., 4, St. Petersburg, 194064, Russia
| | - O. S. Ostroumova
- Institute of Cytology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Tikhoretsky Ave., 4, St. Petersburg, 194064, Russia
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