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Zhidkov ME, Sidorova MA, Smirnova PA, Tryapkin OA, Kachanov AV, Kantemirov AV, Dezhenkova LG, Grammatikova NE, Isakova EB, Shchekotikhin AE, Pak MA, Styshova ON, Klimovich AA, Popov AM. Comparative Evaluation of the Antibacterial and Antitumor Activities of 9-Phenylfascaplysin and Its Analogs. Mar Drugs 2024; 22:53. [PMID: 38393024 PMCID: PMC10890213 DOI: 10.3390/md22020053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2023] [Revised: 01/14/2024] [Accepted: 01/18/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Based on the results of our own preliminary studies, the derivative of the marine alkaloid fascaplysin containing a phenyl substituent at C-9 was selected to evaluate the therapeutic potential in vivo and in vitro. It was shown that this compound has outstandingly high antimicrobial activity against Gram-positive bacteria, including antibiotic-resistant strains in vitro. The presence of a substituent at C-9 of the framework is of fundamental importance, since its replacement to neighboring positions leads to a sharp decrease in the selectivity of the antibacterial action, which indicates the presence of a specific therapeutic target in bacterial cells. On a model of the acute bacterial sepsis in mice, it was shown that the lead compound was more effective than the reference antibiotic vancomycin seven out of nine times. However, ED50 value for 9-phenylfascaplysin (7) was similar for the unsubstituted fascaplysin (1) in vivo, despite the former being significantly more active than the latter in vitro. Similarly, assessments of the anticancer activity of compound 7 against various variants of Ehrlich carcinoma in mice demonstrated its substantial efficacy. To conduct a structure-activity relationship (SAR) analysis and searches of new candidate compounds, we synthesized a series of analogs of 9-phenylfascaplysin with varying aryl substituents. However, these modifications led to the reduced aqueous solubility of fascaplysin derivatives or caused a loss of their antibacterial activity. As a result, further research is required to explore new avenues for enhancing its pharmacokinetic characteristics, the modification of the heterocyclic framework, and optimizing of treatment regimens to harness the remarkable antimicrobial potential of fascaplysin for practical usage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maxim E. Zhidkov
- Department of Chemistry and Materials, Institute of High Technologies and Advanced Materials, FEFU Campus, Far Eastern Federal University, Ajax Bay 10, Russky Island, 690922 Vladivostok, Russia
| | - Maria A. Sidorova
- Department of Chemistry and Materials, Institute of High Technologies and Advanced Materials, FEFU Campus, Far Eastern Federal University, Ajax Bay 10, Russky Island, 690922 Vladivostok, Russia
| | - Polina A. Smirnova
- Department of Chemistry and Materials, Institute of High Technologies and Advanced Materials, FEFU Campus, Far Eastern Federal University, Ajax Bay 10, Russky Island, 690922 Vladivostok, Russia
| | - Oleg A. Tryapkin
- Department of Chemistry and Materials, Institute of High Technologies and Advanced Materials, FEFU Campus, Far Eastern Federal University, Ajax Bay 10, Russky Island, 690922 Vladivostok, Russia
| | - Andrey V. Kachanov
- Department of Chemistry and Materials, Institute of High Technologies and Advanced Materials, FEFU Campus, Far Eastern Federal University, Ajax Bay 10, Russky Island, 690922 Vladivostok, Russia
| | - Alexey V. Kantemirov
- Department of Chemistry and Materials, Institute of High Technologies and Advanced Materials, FEFU Campus, Far Eastern Federal University, Ajax Bay 10, Russky Island, 690922 Vladivostok, Russia
| | - Lyubov G. Dezhenkova
- Laboratory of Chemical Transformation of Antibiotics, Gause Institute of New Antibiotics, 119021 Moscow, Russia
| | - Natalia E. Grammatikova
- Laboratory of Chemical Transformation of Antibiotics, Gause Institute of New Antibiotics, 119021 Moscow, Russia
| | - Elena B. Isakova
- Laboratory of Chemical Transformation of Antibiotics, Gause Institute of New Antibiotics, 119021 Moscow, Russia
| | - Andrey E. Shchekotikhin
- Laboratory of Chemical Transformation of Antibiotics, Gause Institute of New Antibiotics, 119021 Moscow, Russia
| | - Marina A. Pak
- Department of Chemistry and Materials, Institute of High Technologies and Advanced Materials, FEFU Campus, Far Eastern Federal University, Ajax Bay 10, Russky Island, 690922 Vladivostok, Russia
| | - Olga N. Styshova
- Departments of Biotechnology and Marine Natural Compounds Chemistry, G.B. Elyakov Pacific Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Far Eastern Branch of The Russian Academy of Sciences, 690922 Vladivostok, Russia (A.A.K.)
| | - Anna A. Klimovich
- Departments of Biotechnology and Marine Natural Compounds Chemistry, G.B. Elyakov Pacific Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Far Eastern Branch of The Russian Academy of Sciences, 690922 Vladivostok, Russia (A.A.K.)
| | - Aleksandr M. Popov
- Departments of Biotechnology and Marine Natural Compounds Chemistry, G.B. Elyakov Pacific Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Far Eastern Branch of The Russian Academy of Sciences, 690922 Vladivostok, Russia (A.A.K.)
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Solyev PN, Isakova EB, Olsufyeva EN. Antibacterial Conjugates of Kanamycin A with Vancomycin and Eremomycin: Biological Activity and a New MS-Fragmentation Pattern of Cbz-Protected Amines. Antibiotics (Basel) 2023; 12:antibiotics12050894. [PMID: 37237799 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics12050894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2023] [Revised: 05/07/2023] [Accepted: 05/09/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
A significant increase of microbial resistance to glycopeptides (especially vancomycin-resistant enterococci and Staphylococcus aureus) prompted researchers to design new semisynthetic glycopeptide derivatives, such as dual-action antibiotics that contain a glycopeptide molecule and an antibacterial agent of a different class. We synthesized novel dimeric conjugates of kanamycin A with glycopeptide antibiotics, vancomycin and eremomycin. Using tandem mass spectrometry fragmentation, UV, IR, and NMR spectral data, it was unequivocally proven that the glycopeptide is attached to the kanamycin A molecule at the position 1 of 2-deoxy-D-streptamine. New MS fragmentation patterns for N-Cbz-protected aminoglycosides were discovered. It was found that the resulting conjugates are active against Gram-positive bacteria, and some are active against vancomycin-resistant strains. Conjugates of two different classes can serve as dual-target antimicrobial candidates for further investigation and improvement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pavel N Solyev
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, 32 Vavilov St., 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Elena B Isakova
- Gause Institute of New Antibiotics, 11 Bolshaya Pirogovskaya St., 119021 Moscow, Russia
| | - Evgenia N Olsufyeva
- Gause Institute of New Antibiotics, 11 Bolshaya Pirogovskaya St., 119021 Moscow, Russia
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3
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Tevyashova AN, Efimova SS, Alexandrov AI, Ghazy ESMO, Bychkova EN, Solovieva SE, Zatonsky GB, Grammatikova NE, Dezhenkova LG, Pereverzeva ER, Isakova EB, Ostroumova OS, Omelchuk OA, Muravieva VV, Krotova MM, Priputnevich TV, Shchekotikhin AE. Semisynthetic Amides of Polyene Antibiotic Natamycin. ACS Infect Dis 2023; 9:42-55. [PMID: 36563312 DOI: 10.1021/acsinfecdis.2c00237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Natamycin is a macrolide polyene antibiotic, characterized by a potent broad spectrum antifungal activity and low toxicity. However, it is not used for the treatment of systemic mycoses due to its low bioavailability and low solubility in aqueous solutions. In order to create new semisynthetic antifungal agents for treatment of mycoses, a series of water-soluble amides of natamycin were synthesized. Antifungal activities of natamycin derivatives were investigated against Candida spp., including a panel of Candida auris clinical isolates and filamentous fungi. Toxicity for mammalian cells was assayed by monitoring antiproliferative activity against human postnatal fibroblasts (HPF) and human embryonic kidney cells (HEK293). By comparing leakage of contents from ergosterol versus cholesterol containing vesicles, a ratio that characterizes the efficacy and safety of natamycin and its derivatives was determined (EI, efficiency index). Ability of all tested semisynthetic natamycines to prevent proliferation of the yeast Candida spp. cells was comparable or even slightly higher to those of parent antibiotic. Interestingly, amide 8 was more potent than natamycin (1) against all tested C. auris strains (MIC values 2 μg/mL vs 8 μg/mL, respectively). Among 7 derivatives, amide 10 with long lipophilic side chains showed the highest EI and strong antifungal activity in vitro but was more toxic against HPF. In vivo experiments with amide 8 showed in vivo efficacy on a mouse candidemia model with a larger LD50/ED50 ratio in comparison to amphotericin B.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna N Tevyashova
- Gause Institute of New Antibiotics, 11 B. Pirogovskaya, Moscow119021, Russia
| | - Svetlana S Efimova
- Institute of Cytology of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 4 Tikhoretsky Avenue, St. Petersburg194064, Russia
| | - Alexander I Alexandrov
- Federal Research Center "Fundamentals of Biotechnology" of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Bach Institute of Biochemistry, 33 Leninsky Avenue, Bld. 2, Moscow119071, Russia
| | - Eslam S M O Ghazy
- Federal Research Center "Fundamentals of Biotechnology" of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Bach Institute of Biochemistry, 33 Leninsky Avenue, Bld. 2, Moscow119071, Russia.,Institute of Biochemical Technology and Nanotechnology, Peoples' Friendship University of Russia (RUDN), 6 Miklukho-Maklaya Street, Moscow117198, Russia.,Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tanta University, Tanta31111, Egypt
| | - Elena N Bychkova
- Gause Institute of New Antibiotics, 11 B. Pirogovskaya, Moscow119021, Russia
| | | | - Georgy B Zatonsky
- Gause Institute of New Antibiotics, 11 B. Pirogovskaya, Moscow119021, Russia
| | | | - Lyubov G Dezhenkova
- Gause Institute of New Antibiotics, 11 B. Pirogovskaya, Moscow119021, Russia
| | | | - Elena B Isakova
- Gause Institute of New Antibiotics, 11 B. Pirogovskaya, Moscow119021, Russia
| | - Olga S Ostroumova
- Institute of Cytology of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 4 Tikhoretsky Avenue, St. Petersburg194064, Russia
| | - Olga A Omelchuk
- Gause Institute of New Antibiotics, 11 B. Pirogovskaya, Moscow119021, Russia
| | - Vera V Muravieva
- National Medical Research Center for Obstetrics, Gynecology and Perinatology Named After Academician V.I. Kulakov of Ministry of Healthcare of Russian Federation, 4 Oparin Street, Moscow117997, Russia
| | - Marina M Krotova
- National Medical Research Center for Obstetrics, Gynecology and Perinatology Named After Academician V.I. Kulakov of Ministry of Healthcare of Russian Federation, 4 Oparin Street, Moscow117997, Russia
| | - Tatiana V Priputnevich
- National Medical Research Center for Obstetrics, Gynecology and Perinatology Named After Academician V.I. Kulakov of Ministry of Healthcare of Russian Federation, 4 Oparin Street, Moscow117997, Russia
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Trenin AS, Isakova EB, Treshchalin MI, Polozkova VA, Mirchink EP, Panov AA, Simonov AY, Bychkova OP, Tatarskiy VV, Lavrenov SN. Evaluation of New Antimicrobial Agents Based on tris(1H-Indol-3-yl)methylium Salts: Activity, Toxicity, Suppression of Experimental Sepsis in Mice. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2022; 15:ph15020118. [PMID: 35215231 PMCID: PMC8878324 DOI: 10.3390/ph15020118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2021] [Revised: 01/11/2022] [Accepted: 01/18/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The antimicrobial activity and toxicity of three novel synthetic antibacterial agents containing tris(1H-indol-3-yl)methylium fragment were studied in vitro and in vivo. All compounds in vitro revealed high activity (minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) 0.13–1.0 µg/mL) against bacteria that were either sensitive or resistant to antibiotics, including multidrug-resistant clinical isolates. The derivatives combining high antimicrobial activity with relatively low cytotoxicity against human donor fibroblasts HPF-hTERT were subjected to further testing on mice. In vivo they revealed fairly good tolerance and relatively low toxicity. Acute toxicity was evaluated, and the main indicators of toxicity, including LD50 and LD10, were determined. A study of compounds in vivo showed their efficiency in the model of staphylococcal sepsis in mice. The efficiency of compounds may be due to the ability of indolylmethylium salts to form pores in the cytoplasmic membrane of microbial cells and thereby facilitate the penetration of molecules into the pathogen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexey S. Trenin
- Gause Institute of New Antibiotics, 11 B. Pirogovskaya Street, 119021 Moscow, Russia; (A.S.T.); (E.B.I.); (M.I.T.); (V.A.P.); (E.P.M.); (A.Y.S.); (O.P.B.); (S.N.L.)
| | - Elena B. Isakova
- Gause Institute of New Antibiotics, 11 B. Pirogovskaya Street, 119021 Moscow, Russia; (A.S.T.); (E.B.I.); (M.I.T.); (V.A.P.); (E.P.M.); (A.Y.S.); (O.P.B.); (S.N.L.)
| | - Michael I. Treshchalin
- Gause Institute of New Antibiotics, 11 B. Pirogovskaya Street, 119021 Moscow, Russia; (A.S.T.); (E.B.I.); (M.I.T.); (V.A.P.); (E.P.M.); (A.Y.S.); (O.P.B.); (S.N.L.)
| | - Vasilisa A. Polozkova
- Gause Institute of New Antibiotics, 11 B. Pirogovskaya Street, 119021 Moscow, Russia; (A.S.T.); (E.B.I.); (M.I.T.); (V.A.P.); (E.P.M.); (A.Y.S.); (O.P.B.); (S.N.L.)
| | - Elena P. Mirchink
- Gause Institute of New Antibiotics, 11 B. Pirogovskaya Street, 119021 Moscow, Russia; (A.S.T.); (E.B.I.); (M.I.T.); (V.A.P.); (E.P.M.); (A.Y.S.); (O.P.B.); (S.N.L.)
| | - Alexey A. Panov
- Gause Institute of New Antibiotics, 11 B. Pirogovskaya Street, 119021 Moscow, Russia; (A.S.T.); (E.B.I.); (M.I.T.); (V.A.P.); (E.P.M.); (A.Y.S.); (O.P.B.); (S.N.L.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +7-(915)-023-0657
| | - Alexander Y. Simonov
- Gause Institute of New Antibiotics, 11 B. Pirogovskaya Street, 119021 Moscow, Russia; (A.S.T.); (E.B.I.); (M.I.T.); (V.A.P.); (E.P.M.); (A.Y.S.); (O.P.B.); (S.N.L.)
| | - Olga P. Bychkova
- Gause Institute of New Antibiotics, 11 B. Pirogovskaya Street, 119021 Moscow, Russia; (A.S.T.); (E.B.I.); (M.I.T.); (V.A.P.); (E.P.M.); (A.Y.S.); (O.P.B.); (S.N.L.)
| | - Victor V. Tatarskiy
- Department of Functional Nanosystems and High-Temperature Materials, National University of Science and Technology MISiS, 4 Leninsky Avenue, 119049 Moscow, Russia;
- Institute of Gene Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences (RAS), Vavilova Street, 34/5, 119334 Moscow, Russia
| | - Sergey N. Lavrenov
- Gause Institute of New Antibiotics, 11 B. Pirogovskaya Street, 119021 Moscow, Russia; (A.S.T.); (E.B.I.); (M.I.T.); (V.A.P.); (E.P.M.); (A.Y.S.); (O.P.B.); (S.N.L.)
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5
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Tyurin AP, Alferova VA, Paramonov AS, Shuvalov MV, Kudryakova GK, Rogozhin EA, Zherebker AY, Brylev VA, Chistov AA, Baranova AA, Biryukov MV, Ivanov IA, Prokhorenko IA, Grammatikova NE, Kravchenko TV, Isakova EB, Mirchink EP, Gladkikh EG, Svirshchevskaya EV, Mardanov AV, Beletsky AV, Kocharovskaya MV, Kulyaeva VV, Shashkov AS, Tsvetkov DE, Nifantiev NE, Apt AS, Majorov KB, Efimova SS, Ravin NV, Nikolaev EN, Ostroumova OS, Katrukha GS, Lapchinskaya OA, Dontsova OA, Terekhov SS, Osterman IA, Shenkarev ZO, Korshun VA. Inside Cover: Gausemycins A,B: Cyclic Lipoglycopeptides from
Streptomyces
sp. (Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 34/2021). Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.202107693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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6
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Tyurin AP, Alferova VA, Paramonov AS, Shuvalov MV, Kudryakova GK, Rogozhin EA, Zherebker AY, Brylev VA, Chistov AA, Baranova AA, Biryukov MV, Ivanov IA, Prokhorenko IA, Grammatikova NE, Kravchenko TV, Isakova EB, Mirchink EP, Gladkikh EG, Svirshchevskaya EV, Mardanov AV, Beletsky AV, Kocharovskaya MV, Kulyaeva VV, Shashkov AS, Tsvetkov DE, Nifantiev NE, Apt AS, Majorov KB, Efimova SS, Ravin NV, Nikolaev EN, Ostroumova OS, Katrukha GS, Lapchinskaya OA, Dontsova OA, Terekhov SS, Osterman IA, Shenkarev ZO, Korshun VA. Gausemycins A,B: Cyclic Lipoglycopeptides from
Streptomyces
sp.**. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202104528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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7
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Tyurin AP, Alferova VA, Paramonov AS, Shuvalov MV, Kudryakova GK, Rogozhin EA, Zherebker AY, Brylev VA, Chistov AA, Baranova AA, Biryukov MV, Ivanov IA, Prokhorenko IA, Grammatikova NE, Kravchenko TV, Isakova EB, Mirchink EP, Gladkikh EG, Svirshchevskaya EV, Mardanov AV, Beletsky AV, Kocharovskaya MV, Kulyaeva VV, Shashkov AS, Tsvetkov DE, Nifantiev NE, Apt AS, Majorov KB, Efimova SS, Ravin NV, Nikolaev EN, Ostroumova OS, Katrukha GS, Lapchinskaya OA, Dontsova OA, Terekhov SS, Osterman IA, Shenkarev ZO, Korshun VA. Gausemycins A,B: Cyclic Lipoglycopeptides from Streptomyces sp.*. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:18694-18703. [PMID: 34009717 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202104528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
We report a novel family of natural lipoglycopeptides produced by Streptomyces sp. INA-Ac-5812. Two major components of the mixture, named gausemycins A and B, were isolated, and their structures were elucidated. The compounds are cyclic peptides with a unique peptide core and several remarkable structural features, including unusual positions of d-amino acids, lack of the Ca2+ -binding Asp-X-Asp-Gly (DXDG) motif, tyrosine glycosylation with arabinose, presence of 2-amino-4-hydroxy-4-phenylbutyric acid (Ahpb) and chlorinated kynurenine (ClKyn), and N-acylation of the ornithine side chain. Gausemycins have pronounced activity against Gram-positive bacteria. Mechanistic studies highlight significant differences compared to known glyco- and lipopeptides. Gausemycins exhibit only slight Ca2+ -dependence of activity and induce no pore formation at low concentrations. Moreover, there is no detectable accumulation of cell wall biosynthesis precursors under treatment with gausemycins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anton P Tyurin
- Gause Institute of New Antibiotics, B. Pirogovskaya 11, 119021, Moscow, Russia
| | - Vera A Alferova
- Gause Institute of New Antibiotics, B. Pirogovskaya 11, 119021, Moscow, Russia.,Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry RAS, Miklukho-Maklaya 16/10, 117997, Moscow, Russia
| | - Alexander S Paramonov
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry RAS, Miklukho-Maklaya 16/10, 117997, Moscow, Russia
| | - Maxim V Shuvalov
- Gause Institute of New Antibiotics, B. Pirogovskaya 11, 119021, Moscow, Russia.,Department of Chemistry, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory 1-3, 119992, Moscow, Russia
| | | | - Eugene A Rogozhin
- Gause Institute of New Antibiotics, B. Pirogovskaya 11, 119021, Moscow, Russia.,Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry RAS, Miklukho-Maklaya 16/10, 117997, Moscow, Russia
| | - Alexander Y Zherebker
- Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology, Nobel Street 3, Skolkovo, 143026, Moscow Region, Russia
| | - Vladimir A Brylev
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry RAS, Miklukho-Maklaya 16/10, 117997, Moscow, Russia
| | - Alexey A Chistov
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry RAS, Miklukho-Maklaya 16/10, 117997, Moscow, Russia
| | - Anna A Baranova
- Gause Institute of New Antibiotics, B. Pirogovskaya 11, 119021, Moscow, Russia.,Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry RAS, Miklukho-Maklaya 16/10, 117997, Moscow, Russia
| | - Mikhail V Biryukov
- Gause Institute of New Antibiotics, B. Pirogovskaya 11, 119021, Moscow, Russia.,Department of Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory 1-3, 119992, Moscow, Russia
| | - Igor A Ivanov
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry RAS, Miklukho-Maklaya 16/10, 117997, Moscow, Russia
| | - Igor A Prokhorenko
- Gause Institute of New Antibiotics, B. Pirogovskaya 11, 119021, Moscow, Russia.,Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry RAS, Miklukho-Maklaya 16/10, 117997, Moscow, Russia
| | | | - Tatyana V Kravchenko
- Gause Institute of New Antibiotics, B. Pirogovskaya 11, 119021, Moscow, Russia.,Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry RAS, Miklukho-Maklaya 16/10, 117997, Moscow, Russia
| | - Elena B Isakova
- Gause Institute of New Antibiotics, B. Pirogovskaya 11, 119021, Moscow, Russia
| | - Elena P Mirchink
- Gause Institute of New Antibiotics, B. Pirogovskaya 11, 119021, Moscow, Russia
| | - Elena G Gladkikh
- Gause Institute of New Antibiotics, B. Pirogovskaya 11, 119021, Moscow, Russia
| | - Elena V Svirshchevskaya
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry RAS, Miklukho-Maklaya 16/10, 117997, Moscow, Russia
| | - Andrey V Mardanov
- Institute of Bioengineering, Research Center of Biotechnology of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky Prospect 33-2, 119071, Moscow, Russia
| | - Aleksey V Beletsky
- Institute of Bioengineering, Research Center of Biotechnology of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky Prospect 33-2, 119071, Moscow, Russia
| | - Milita V Kocharovskaya
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry RAS, Miklukho-Maklaya 16/10, 117997, Moscow, Russia.,Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Institutsky Lane 9, Dolgoprydny, 141700, Moscow region, Russia
| | - Valeriya V Kulyaeva
- Gause Institute of New Antibiotics, B. Pirogovskaya 11, 119021, Moscow, Russia
| | - Alexander S Shashkov
- Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry RAS, Leninsky Prospect 47, 119991, Moscow, Russia
| | - Dmitry E Tsvetkov
- Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry RAS, Leninsky Prospect 47, 119991, Moscow, Russia
| | - Nikolay E Nifantiev
- Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry RAS, Leninsky Prospect 47, 119991, Moscow, Russia
| | - Alexander S Apt
- Central Tuberculosis Research Institute, Yauzskaya Alley 2, 107564, Moscow, Russia
| | - Konstantin B Majorov
- Central Tuberculosis Research Institute, Yauzskaya Alley 2, 107564, Moscow, Russia
| | - Svetlana S Efimova
- Institute of Cytology RAS, Tikhoretsky Prospect 4, 194064, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Nikolai V Ravin
- Institute of Bioengineering, Research Center of Biotechnology of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky Prospect 33-2, 119071, Moscow, Russia
| | - Evgeny N Nikolaev
- Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology, Nobel Street 3, Skolkovo, 143026, Moscow Region, Russia
| | - Olga S Ostroumova
- Institute of Cytology RAS, Tikhoretsky Prospect 4, 194064, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Genrikh S Katrukha
- Gause Institute of New Antibiotics, B. Pirogovskaya 11, 119021, Moscow, Russia
| | - Olda A Lapchinskaya
- Gause Institute of New Antibiotics, B. Pirogovskaya 11, 119021, Moscow, Russia
| | - Olga A Dontsova
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry RAS, Miklukho-Maklaya 16/10, 117997, Moscow, Russia.,Department of Chemistry, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory 1-3, 119992, Moscow, Russia.,Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology, Nobel Street 3, Skolkovo, 143026, Moscow Region, Russia
| | - Stanislav S Terekhov
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry RAS, Miklukho-Maklaya 16/10, 117997, Moscow, Russia.,Department of Chemistry, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory 1-3, 119992, Moscow, Russia
| | - Ilya A Osterman
- Department of Chemistry, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory 1-3, 119992, Moscow, Russia.,Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology, Nobel Street 3, Skolkovo, 143026, Moscow Region, Russia
| | - Zakhar O Shenkarev
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry RAS, Miklukho-Maklaya 16/10, 117997, Moscow, Russia.,Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Institutsky Lane 9, Dolgoprydny, 141700, Moscow region, Russia
| | - Vladimir A Korshun
- Gause Institute of New Antibiotics, B. Pirogovskaya 11, 119021, Moscow, Russia.,Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry RAS, Miklukho-Maklaya 16/10, 117997, Moscow, Russia
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8
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Tyurin AP, Alferova VA, Paramonov AS, Shuvalov MV, Kudryakova GK, Rogozhin EA, Zherebker AY, Brylev VA, Chistov AA, Baranova AA, Biryukov MV, Ivanov IA, Prokhorenko IA, Grammatikova NE, Kravchenko TV, Isakova EB, Mirchink EP, Gladkikh EG, Svirshchevskaya EV, Mardanov AV, Beletsky AV, Kocharovskaya MV, Kulyaeva VV, Shashkov AS, Tsvetkov DE, Nifantiev NE, Apt AS, Majorov KB, Efimova SS, Ravin NV, Nikolaev EN, Ostroumova OS, Katrukha GS, Lapchinskaya OA, Dontsova OA, Terekhov SS, Osterman IA, Shenkarev ZO, Korshun VA. Innentitelbild: Gausemycins A,B: Cyclic Lipoglycopeptides from
Streptomyces
sp. (Angew. Chem. 34/2021). Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202107693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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9
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Moiseenko EI, Erdei R, Grammatikova NE, Mirchink EP, Isakova EB, Pereverzeva ER, Batta G, Shchekotikhin AE. Aminoalkylamides of Eremomycin Exhibit an Improved Antibacterial Activity. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2021; 14:379. [PMID: 33921612 PMCID: PMC8072890 DOI: 10.3390/ph14040379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2021] [Revised: 04/15/2021] [Accepted: 04/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
After decades, the glycopeptide vancomycin is still the preferred antibiotic against resistant strains of Gram-positive bacteria. Although its clinical use is strictly regulated, the gradual spread of vancomycin-resistant bacteria, such as glycopeptide-resistant and glycopeptide-intermediate Staphylococcus aureus and vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus spp., is a serious health problem. Based on the literature data and previous studies, our main goal was to assess the antimicrobial potential and to study the structure-activity relationship of new eremomycin aminoalkylamides. We designed and synthesized a series of new eremomycin amides in which eremomycin is conjugated with a hydrophobic arylalkyl group via an alkylenediamine spacer, and tested their antibacterial activities on a panel of Gram-positive strains that were sensitive and resistant to a "gold-standard" vancomycin. Based on the data obtained, the structure-activity relationships were investigated, and a lead compound was selected for in-depth testing. Research carried out using an in vivo model of staphylococcus sepsis, acute toxicity studies, and the estimated therapeutic index also showed the advantage of the selected eremomycin amide derivative in particular, as well as the chosen direction in general.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena I. Moiseenko
- Gause Institute of New Antibiotics, 119021 Moscow, Russia; (E.I.M.); (N.E.G.); (E.P.M.); (E.B.I.); (E.R.P.)
| | - Réka Erdei
- Department of Organic Chemistry, University of Debrecen, Egyetem tér 1, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary; (R.E.); (G.B.)
| | - Natalia E. Grammatikova
- Gause Institute of New Antibiotics, 119021 Moscow, Russia; (E.I.M.); (N.E.G.); (E.P.M.); (E.B.I.); (E.R.P.)
| | - Elena P. Mirchink
- Gause Institute of New Antibiotics, 119021 Moscow, Russia; (E.I.M.); (N.E.G.); (E.P.M.); (E.B.I.); (E.R.P.)
| | - Elena B. Isakova
- Gause Institute of New Antibiotics, 119021 Moscow, Russia; (E.I.M.); (N.E.G.); (E.P.M.); (E.B.I.); (E.R.P.)
| | - Eleonora R. Pereverzeva
- Gause Institute of New Antibiotics, 119021 Moscow, Russia; (E.I.M.); (N.E.G.); (E.P.M.); (E.B.I.); (E.R.P.)
| | - Gyula Batta
- Department of Organic Chemistry, University of Debrecen, Egyetem tér 1, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary; (R.E.); (G.B.)
| | - Andrey E. Shchekotikhin
- Gause Institute of New Antibiotics, 119021 Moscow, Russia; (E.I.M.); (N.E.G.); (E.P.M.); (E.B.I.); (E.R.P.)
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10
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Tevyashova AN, Bychkova EN, Solovieva SE, Zatonsky GV, Grammatikova NE, Isakova EB, Mirchink EP, Treshchalin ID, Pereverzeva ER, Bykov EE, Efimova SS, Ostroumova OS, Shchekotikhin AE. Discovery of Amphamide, a Drug Candidate for the Second Generation of Polyene Antibiotics. ACS Infect Dis 2020; 6:2029-2044. [PMID: 32598131 DOI: 10.1021/acsinfecdis.0c00068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Amphotericin B (AmB, 1) is the drug of choice for treating the most serious systemic fungal or protozoan infections. Nevertheless, its application is limited by low solubility in aqueous media and serious side effects such as infusion-related reactions, hemolytic toxicity, and nephrotoxicity. Owing to these limitations, it is essential to search for the polyene derivatives with better chemotherapeutic properties. With the objective of obtaining AmB derivatives with lower self-aggregation and improved solubility, we synthesized a series of amides of AmB bearing an additional basic group in the introduced residue. The screening of antifungal activity in vitro revealed that N-(2-aminoethyl)amide of AmB (amphamide, 6) had superior antifungal activity compared to that of the paternal AmB. Preclinical studies in mice confirmed that compound 6 had a much lower acute toxicity and higher antifungal efficacy in the model of mice candidosis sepsis compared with that of AmB (1). Thus, the discovered amphamide is a promising drug candidate for the second generation of polyene antibiotics and is also prospective for in-depth preclinical and clinical evaluation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna N. Tevyashova
- Gause Institute of New Antibiotics, 11 B. Pirogovskaya, Moscow, 199021, Russia
- D. Mendeleev University of Chemical Technology of Russia, 9 Miusskaya sq., Moscow, 125047, Russia
| | - Elena N. Bychkova
- Gause Institute of New Antibiotics, 11 B. Pirogovskaya, Moscow, 199021, Russia
| | | | - George V. Zatonsky
- Gause Institute of New Antibiotics, 11 B. Pirogovskaya, Moscow, 199021, Russia
| | | | - Elena B. Isakova
- Gause Institute of New Antibiotics, 11 B. Pirogovskaya, Moscow, 199021, Russia
| | - Elena P. Mirchink
- Gause Institute of New Antibiotics, 11 B. Pirogovskaya, Moscow, 199021, Russia
| | - Ivan D. Treshchalin
- Gause Institute of New Antibiotics, 11 B. Pirogovskaya, Moscow, 199021, Russia
| | | | - Evgeny E. Bykov
- Gause Institute of New Antibiotics, 11 B. Pirogovskaya, Moscow, 199021, Russia
| | - Svetlana S. Efimova
- Institute of Cytology of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 4 Tikhoretsky ave., St. Petersburg, 194064, Russia
| | - Olga S. Ostroumova
- Institute of Cytology of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 4 Tikhoretsky ave., St. Petersburg, 194064, Russia
| | - Andrey E. Shchekotikhin
- Gause Institute of New Antibiotics, 11 B. Pirogovskaya, Moscow, 199021, Russia
- D. Mendeleev University of Chemical Technology of Russia, 9 Miusskaya sq., Moscow, 125047, Russia
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11
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Panov AA, Lavrenov SN, Simonov AY, Mirchink EP, Isakova EB, Trenin AS. Synthesis and antimicrobial activity of 3,4-bis(arylthio)maleimides. J Antibiot (Tokyo) 2018; 72:122-124. [PMID: 30482908 DOI: 10.1038/s41429-018-0122-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2018] [Revised: 10/10/2018] [Accepted: 10/28/2018] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
A series of 3,4-bis(arylthio)maleimides were synthesized and their antimicrobial activity was evaluated against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, including multidrug resistant (MDR) strains and some fungi. Most compounds turned out to be highly active, activity being dependent on substituents on phenyl rings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexey A Panov
- Gause Institute of New Antibiotics, 11 B. Pirogovskaya Street, Moscow, Russia, 119021.
| | - Sergey N Lavrenov
- Gause Institute of New Antibiotics, 11 B. Pirogovskaya Street, Moscow, Russia, 119021
| | - Alexander Y Simonov
- Gause Institute of New Antibiotics, 11 B. Pirogovskaya Street, Moscow, Russia, 119021
| | - Elena P Mirchink
- Gause Institute of New Antibiotics, 11 B. Pirogovskaya Street, Moscow, Russia, 119021
| | - Elena B Isakova
- Gause Institute of New Antibiotics, 11 B. Pirogovskaya Street, Moscow, Russia, 119021
| | - Alexey S Trenin
- Gause Institute of New Antibiotics, 11 B. Pirogovskaya Street, Moscow, Russia, 119021
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12
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Tevyashova AN, Bychkova EN, Korolev AM, Isakova EB, Mirchink EP, Osterman IA, Erdei R, Szücs Z, Batta G. Synthesis and evaluation of biological activity for dual-acting antibiotics on the basis of azithromycin and glycopeptides. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2018; 29:276-280. [PMID: 30473176 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2018.11.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2018] [Revised: 11/15/2018] [Accepted: 11/18/2018] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
One of the promising directions of the combined approach is the design of dual-acting antibiotics - heterodimeric structures on the basis of antimicrobial agents of different classes. In this study a novel series of azithromycin-glycopeptide conjugates were designed and synthesized. The structures of the obtained compounds were confirmed using NMR spectroscopy and mass spectrometry data including MS/MS analysis. All novel hybrid antibiotics were found to be either as active as azithromycin and vancomycin against Gram-positive bacterial strains or have superior activity in comparison with their parent antibiotics. One compound, eremomycin-azithromycin conjugate 16, demonstrated moderate activity against Enterococcus faecium and Enterococcus faecalis strains resistant to vancomycin, and equal to vancomycin's activity for the treatment of mice with Staphylococcus aureus sepsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna N Tevyashova
- Gause Institute of New Antibiotics, 11 B. Pirogovskaya, Moscow, Russia; D. Mendeleev University of Chemical Technology of Russia, 9 Miusskaya sq., Moscow, Russia.
| | - Elena N Bychkova
- Gause Institute of New Antibiotics, 11 B. Pirogovskaya, Moscow, Russia
| | | | - Elena B Isakova
- Gause Institute of New Antibiotics, 11 B. Pirogovskaya, Moscow, Russia
| | - Elena P Mirchink
- Gause Institute of New Antibiotics, 11 B. Pirogovskaya, Moscow, Russia
| | - Ilya A Osterman
- Department of Chemistry and A.N. Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory, Moscow, Russia; Centre for Life Sciences, Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology, Skolkovo, Russia
| | - Réka Erdei
- Department of Organic Chemistry, University of Debrecen, Egyetem ter 1, Debrecen, 4032, Hungary
| | - Zsolt Szücs
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Debrecen, Egyetem ter 1, Debrecen 4032, Hungary
| | - Gyula Batta
- Department of Organic Chemistry, University of Debrecen, Egyetem ter 1, Debrecen, 4032, Hungary
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13
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Tevyashova AN, Korolev AM, Mirchink EP, Isakova EB, Osterman IA. Synthesis and evaluation of biological activity of benzoxaborole derivatives of azithromycin. J Antibiot (Tokyo) 2018; 72:22-33. [DOI: 10.1038/s41429-018-0107-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2018] [Revised: 09/03/2018] [Accepted: 09/25/2018] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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14
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Olsufyeva EN, Shchekotikhin AE, Bychkova EN, Pereverzeva ER, Treshalin ID, Mirchink EP, Isakova EB, Chernobrovkin MG, Kozlov RS, Dekhnich AV, Preobrazhenskaya MN. Eremomycin pyrrolidide: a novel semisynthetic glycopeptide with improved chemotherapeutic properties. Drug Des Devel Ther 2018; 12:2875-2885. [PMID: 30237697 PMCID: PMC6137948 DOI: 10.2147/dddt.s173923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Development of new semisynthetic glycopeptides with improved antibacterial efficacy and reduced pseudoallergic reactions. METHODS Semisynthetic glycopeptides 3-6 were synthesized from vancomycin (1) or eremomycin (2) by the condensation with pyrrolidine or piperidine. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) for the new derivatives was measured by the broth micro-dilution method on a panel of clinical isolates of Staphylococcus and Enterococcus. Acute toxicity (50% lethal dose, maximum tolerated doses), antibacterial efficacy on model of systemic bacterial infection with S. aureus and pseudoallergic inflammatory reaction (on concanavalin A) of eremomycin pyrrolidide (5) were evaluated in mice according to standard procedures. RESULTS The eremomycin pyrrolidide (5) was the most active compound and showed a high activity against Gram-positive bacteria: vancomycin-susceptible staphylococci and enterococci (minimum inhibitory concentrations [MICs] 0.13-0.25 mg/L), as well as vancomycin-intermediate resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MICs 1 mg/L). Antimicrobial susceptibility tested on a panel of 676 isolates showed that 5 had similar activity for the genera Staphylococcus and Enterococcus with MIC90=0.5 mg/L, while vancomycin had MIC90=1-2 mg/L. The number of resistant strains of Enterococcus faecium (vancomycin-resistant enterococci) (MIC =64 mg/L) with this value was 7 (8%) for vancomycin (1) and 0 for the compound 5. In vivo comparative studies in a mouse model of systemic bacterial infection with S. aureus demonstrated that the efficacy of 5 was notably higher than that of the original antibiotics 1 and 2. In contrast to 1, compound 5 did not induce pseudoallergic inflammatory reaction (on concanavalin A). CONCLUSION The new semisynthetic derivative eremomycin pyrrolidide (5) has high activity against staphylococci and enterococci including vancomycin-resistant strains. Compound 5 has a higher efficacy in a model of staphylococcal sepsis than vancomycin (1) or eremomycin (2). In striking contrast to natural antibiotics, the novel derivative 5 does not induce a pseudoallergic inflammatory reaction to concanavalin A and therefore has no histamine release activity. These results indicate the advantages of a new semisynthetic glycopeptide antibiotic eremomycin pyrrolidide (5) which may be a prospective antimicrobial agent for further pre-clinical and clinical evaluations.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Andrey E Shchekotikhin
- Gause Institute of New Antibiotics, Moscow, Russia,
- Mendeleyev University of Chemical Technology, Moscow, Russia
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Roman S Kozlov
- Institute of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy, Smolensk State Medical University, Smolensk, Russia
| | - Andrey V Dekhnich
- Institute of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy, Smolensk State Medical University, Smolensk, Russia
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15
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Lapa GB, Mirchink EP, Isakova EB, Preobrazhenskaya MN. Two approaches to the use of benzo[c][1,2]oxaboroles as active fragments for synthetic transformation of clarithromycin . J Enzyme Inhib Med Chem 2017; 32:452-456. [PMID: 28097898 PMCID: PMC6009856 DOI: 10.1080/14756366.2016.1261129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Clarithromycin (active against Gram positive infections) and 1-hydroxy-1,3-dihydrobenzo[c][1,2]oxaborole derivatives (effective for Gram negative microbes) are the ligands of bacterial RNA. The antimicrobial activities of these benzoxaboroles linked with clarithromycin at 9 or 4″ position were compared. Two synthetic pathways for these conjugates were elaborated. First pathway explored the substitution of the C-9 carbonyl group of macrolactone’s cycle via oxime linker, the second direction used the modification of the 4″-O-group of cladinose via the formation of carbamates of benzoxaboroles. 4″-O-(3-S-(1-Hydroxy-1,3-dihydro-benzo[c][1,2]oxaborole)-methyl-carbamoyl-clarithromycin showed twofold decrease in MICs for S. epidermidis and S. pneumoniae than clarithromycin. 4″-O-Modified clarithromycin demonstrated an efficacy against Gram positive strains only. Compounds with C-9 substitution were more active than 4″-O-substituted antibiotics for susceptible strains E. coli tolC and did not exceed the activity of initial antibiotics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gennady B Lapa
- a Blokhin Cancer Center , Moscow , Russia.,b Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University (RNRMU) , Moscow , Russia.,c Gause Institute of New Antibiotics , Moscow , Russian Federation
| | - Elena P Mirchink
- c Gause Institute of New Antibiotics , Moscow , Russian Federation
| | - Elena B Isakova
- c Gause Institute of New Antibiotics , Moscow , Russian Federation
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16
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Krasnopolskaya LM, Shuktueva MI, Avtonomova AV, Yarina MS, Dzhavakhyan BR, Isakova EB, Bukhman VM. Antitumor and Antioxidant Properties of Water-Soluble Polysaccharides from Submerged Mycelium of Flammulina velutipes. Antibiot Khimioter 2016; 61:16-20. [PMID: 29558056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The aim of the study was to evaluate antitumor and antioxidant properties of water-soluble polysaccharides from submerged myceliumn of Flammulina velutipes grown under optimized conditions. The optimization of the nutrient medium composition allowed to increase the biomass yield by more than 2 times (up to 35 g/l) and to reduce the time of the cultivation process. The submerged mycelium of F.velutipes strain Fv-1 contained 14.8% of a water-soluble polysaccharides, 31.6% of proteins, 2.5% of total lipids, vitamins B (B1, B5, B6). The polysaccharides contained glucose, galactose, fucose, mannose, xylose, rhamnose. The proteins contained all the essential amino acids except for tryptophan. Dry powder of the submerged mycelium, water extract of the mycelium and total fraction of the water-soluble polysaccharides demonstrated the antitumor activity against murine lymphocytic leukemia P 388 in vivo. The antitumor activity of the substances was mainly due to the polysaccharides, since their purification increased the tumor growth inhibition. The maximum tumor growth inhibition by the water-soluble polysaccharides amounted to 94%. The total fraction of the water-soluble polysaccharides from F.velutipes strain Fv-1 demonstrated antioxidant activity. The antioxidant capacity (AOC) of the water-soluble fraction from F.velutipes was higher than that of the water-soluble polysaccharides from the sub- merged mycelium of Grifolafrondosa, but inferior to the AOC of the water-soluble polysaccharides from the submerged mycelium of Ganoderma luciduma.
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17
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Printsevskaya SS, Korolev AM, Isakova EB, Mirchink EP, Tevyashova AN. Hybrid Antibiotics Based on Azithromycin and Glycopeptides: Synthesis and Antibacterial Activity. Antibiot Khimioter 2016; 61:3-8. [PMID: 29558054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
A series of hybrid antibiotics on the basis of azithromycin and glycopeptides with the glycopeptide molecule attached via the aminoalkylcarbamoyl spacer to 11-position of the macrolide was synthesized. All the synthesized compounds demonstrated equal or superior to azithromycin and vancomycin antibacterial activity against 7 tested strains of grampositive bacteria. The new hybrid antibiotics were more active than azithromycin or vancomycin against S.pneumoniae ATCC 49619. Some of the compounds were active against E.faecium and E.faecalis strains resistant to vancomycin.
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18
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Avtonomova AV, Krasnopolskaya LM, Shuktueva MI, Isakova EB, Bukhman VM. [Assessment of Antitumor Effect of Submerged Culture of Ophiocordyceps sinensis and Cordyceps militaris]. Antibiot Khimioter 2015; 60:14-17. [PMID: 26863737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Ophiocordyceps sinensis and Cordyceps militaris metabolites showed a high potential in the treatment of tumors as well as some other diseases. Antitumor properties of O. sinensis and C. militaris submerged mycelium were investigated. It was found that the O. sinensis dry biomass in a dose of 50 mg/kg administered once a day to the mice with subcutaneously inoculated P388 lympholeucosis lowered the tumor growth by 65% vs. 54% for the C. militaris dry biomass. The water extract of O. sinensis submerged culture however accelerated the growth of the P388 lympholeucosis tumor node in the mice almost two times, compared to the control. A greater caution in using this fungus as a source of biologically active substances is required since unwanted tumor-stimulating effects can arise.
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19
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Efremenkova OV, Vasiljeva BF, Zenkova VA, Korolev AM, Lusikov YN, Efimenko TA, Malanicheva IA, Mirchink EP, Isakova EB, Bilanenko EN, Kamzolkina OV. [Antimicrobial Properties of Eremoxylarin A Produced by Ascomycete of Sordariomycetes in Submerged Culture]. Antibiot Khimioter 2015; 60:23-28. [PMID: 27141643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The fungal strain INA 01108 producing antibiotic substances with broad spectrum of antibacterial activity was isolated from the natural environment. By the morphological characteristics and DNA analysis it was shown to belong to Ascomycetes of Sordariomycetes. In submerged culture the strain produced at least four antibiotics. The major component of them was identified as eremophilane-type sesquiterpene eremoxylarin A. Eremoxylarin A is effective in vitro against grampositive bacteria, including methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and vancomycin group glycopeptide antibiotics resistant Leuconostoc mesenteroides VKPM B-4177. The efficacy and toxicity of eremoxylarin A was determined on a murine staphylococcal sepsis model. The dose of 6.25 mg/kg provided 100% recovery and survival of the animals, while the dose of 3.12 mg/kg was close to the ED50. The chemical structure of eremoxylarin A allows to modify the antibiotic and such studies may be relevant to design a less toxic derivative without loss of the valuable antimicrobial properties.
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Krasnopolskaya LM, Yarina MS, Avtonomova AV, Usov AI, Isakova EB, Bukchman VM. [Antitumor Activity of Polysaccharides from Ganoderma lucidum Mycelium: in vivo Comparative Study]. Antibiot Khimioter 2015; 60:29-34. [PMID: 27141644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Fractions of water soluble and alkali soluble polysaccharides, as well as fucogalactan, a water soluble polysaccharide, and xylomannan, an alkali soluble polysaccharide, were isolated from the Ganoderma lucidum submerged mycelium. When administered orally, the polysaccharides showed antitumor activity in vivo on murine models of solid tumors. Xylomannan and fucogalactan showed the highest antitumor activity. Sensitivity to xylomannan was more pronounced in adenocarcinoma Ca755 as compared to the T-cell lymphocytic leukemia P388. The antitumor activity of the water soluble polysaccharides total fractions from the mycelium and fruiting bodies of the G. lucidum strain was almost identical. The maximum antitumor effect of the mycelium water soluble polysaccharides total fraction was observed with the use of the daily dose of 2 mg/kg.
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21
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Bychkova EN, Korolev AM, Olsufyeva EN, Mirchink EP, Isakova EB. [Design of Novel Carboxamides of Eremomycin and Vancomycin with 4- or 3-Amino Methyl Phenyl Boric Acid and Their Investigation]. Antibiot Khimioter 2015; 60:7-11. [PMID: 27141632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Amidation of the end carboxyl group of eremomycin and vancomycin by pinacolinic 4- or 3-amino methyl phenyl boron acids esters in the presence of the condensing reagent PyBOP resulted in formation of novel carboxamides of the antibiotics (IIIa-VIa). After elimination of the pinacolinic group under mild hydrolysis in weak acid aqueous medium there formed the respective derivatives with a residue of the nonprotected boric acid (III-VI). It was shown that the activity of the 4-substituted derivatives of the borole-containing eremomycin and vancomycin practically was the same as that of the initial antibiotics, while higher than that of the respective 3-substituted derivatives of the borole-containing derivatives against 8 strains of grampositive bacteria.
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22
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Okorochenkov SA, Zheltukhina GA, Mirchink EP, Isakova EB, Feofanov AV, Nebolsin VE. Synthesis, Anti-MRSA, and Anti-VRE Activity of Hemin Conjugates with Amino Acids and Branched Peptides. Chem Biol Drug Des 2013; 82:410-7. [DOI: 10.1111/cbdd.12163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2012] [Revised: 03/31/2013] [Accepted: 04/30/2013] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sergei A. Okorochenkov
- Department of Biotechnology and Organic synthesis; Moscow State University of Fine Chemical Technology; Vernadskogo prosp., 86 119571 Moscow Russia
| | - Galina A. Zheltukhina
- Department of Biotechnology and Organic synthesis; Moscow State University of Fine Chemical Technology; Vernadskogo prosp., 86 119571 Moscow Russia
| | - Elena P. Mirchink
- Gause Institute of New Antibiotics; Russian Academy of Medical Sciences; Bolshaya Pirogovskaya st, 11 119021 Moscow Russia
| | - Elena B. Isakova
- Gause Institute of New Antibiotics; Russian Academy of Medical Sciences; Bolshaya Pirogovskaya st, 11 119021 Moscow Russia
| | - Alexey V. Feofanov
- M.M. Shemyakin and Yu.A. Ovchinnikov Institute of bioorganic chemistry; Miklukho-Maklaya st, 16/10, GSP-7 117997 Moscow Russia
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Tevyashova AN, Shtil AA, Olsufyeva EN, Luzikov YN, Reznikova MI, Dezhenkova LG, Isakova EB, Bukhman VM, Durandin NA, Vinogradov AM, Kuzmin VA, Preobrazhenskaya MN. Modification of olivomycin A at the side chain of the aglycon yields the derivative with perspective antitumor characteristics. Bioorg Med Chem 2011; 19:7387-93. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2011.10.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2011] [Revised: 10/17/2011] [Accepted: 10/18/2011] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
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24
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Krasnopolskaya LM, Leontieva MI, Avtonomova AV, Isakova EB, Belitsky IV, Usov AI, Bukhman VM. Antitumor Properties of Submerged Cultivated Biomass and Extracts of Medicinal Mushrooms of Genus Hypsizygus Singer (Agaricomycetideae). Int J Med Mushrooms 2008. [DOI: 10.1615/intjmedmushr.v10.i1.40] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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25
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Plattner JJ, Chu D, Mirchink EP, Isakova EB, Preobrazhenskaya MN, Olsufyeva EN, Miroshnikova OV, Printsevskaya SS. N'-(alpha-aminoacyl)- and N'-alpha-(N-alkylamino)acyl derivatives of vancomycin and eremomycin. II. Antibacterial activity of N'-(alpha-aminoacyl)- and N'-alpha-(N-alkylamino)acyl derivatives of vancomycin and eremomycin. J Antibiot (Tokyo) 2007; 60:245-50. [PMID: 17456974 DOI: 10.1038/ja.2007.29] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The antibacterial activities of the series of novel N'-(alpha-aminoacyl)- and N'-alpha-(N-akylamino)acyl derivatives of eremomycin and vancomycin containing hydrophobic moieties have been investigated. The N'-(N-alkylglycyl) derivatives of vancomycin are more active against vancomycin-susceptible staphylococci and enterococci and glycopeptide intermediate-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (GISA) than the corresponding eremomycin derivatives, but except for N'-[N-(p-octyloxybenzyl)glycyl-vancomycin] (28) and N'-[N-(p-octyloxybenzyl)-L-alanyl-vancomycin (33)--they are less active against glycopeptide-resistant enterococci (GRE). Derivatives 28 and 33 are the most active compounds (MIC's for glycopeptide-sensitive staphylococci and enterococci are 0.25 approximately 1 microg/ml, for GISA 1 approximately 2 microg/ml, for GRE 2 approximately 6 microg/ml). In in vivo studies, derivative 28 was active against S. aureus infections in mice with ED(50) 1 mg/kg versus 2 mg/kg for vancomycin (iv). In general N'-(N-alkylglycyl)-derivatives of vancomycin and eremomycin were more active than the corresponding N'-aminoacylated derivatives of these antibiotics containing other than glycin amino acids (L-Lys, L-Met, L-Orn, L- and D-Ala) and also L- and D-Phe or benzyl-O-L-Tyr.
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26
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Bukhman VM, Treshchalina EM, Krasnopol'skaia LM, Isakova EB, Sedakova LA, Avtonomova AV, Leont'eva MI, Soboleva NI, Belitskiĭ IV, Bakanov AV. [Preparation and biological properties of basidiomycete aqueous extracts and their mycelial compositions]. Antibiot Khimioter 2007; 52:4-9. [PMID: 18461802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
The basidiomycetes Ganoderma lucidum, Hericium erinaceus, Lentinus edodes and Trametes versicolor were used for preparation of aqueous extracts. A polysaccharide preparation (VPG) was isolated from the G. lucidum aqueous extracts. The mycelium was grown under submerged conditions according to an original procedure. Preliminary exposure of mice with tumors to cyclosphosphamide in a low dose for prolonged elimination of T-suppressors and rapid recovery of T-killers induced an increase in the efficacy of the H. erinaceus and L. edodes extracts. Investigation of the aqueous extracts and VPG on different tumor strain lines for the potential Modifiers of Biological Response (Ca755, s/c P388, s-180) demonstrated antitumor activity and satisfactory tolerabily after oral administration. Inhibition of the tumor growth by the H. erinaceus and T. versicolor extracts and VPG amounted to 88-99% and that of s-180 treated with the L. edodes aqueous extract amounted to 66-75%. Compositions 1, 2, 4 amd 5 were significantly more active by the duration and value of the effect on the animal tumor nodes as compared to the aqueous extracts and VPG included to the compositions and composition 4. Composition 5 (T. versicolor + H. erinaceus + G. Lucidum) proved to be the most efficient by all the criteria. The results of the design of the technologies for cultivation of the mycelum of the medicinal basidiomycetes, investigation of the antumor properties of the extracts and polysaccharide fraction of the mycelium and development of efficient compositions on their basis are summarized. Composition 5 proved to be the most promising for the clinical trials.
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27
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Pereverzeva ER, Mirchink EP, Isakova EB, Bukhman VM, Preobrazhenskaia MN. [Fortification of antimicrobial barrier of the small intestine in newborn mice after oral administration of ascorbigen]. Antibiot Khimioter 2006; 51:13-7. [PMID: 16878387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Ascorbigen, a natural product, is an indole derivative of L-ascorbic acid. Its effect on postnatal development and antibacterial resistance of the small intestine was studied on newborn mice. Ascorbigen was administered to 3-5-day old mice in a dose of 100 mg/kg orally every day for 7-10 days. 30 minutes before the last administration of the drug clinical isolates of Staphylococcus aureus or Escherichia coli were administered intragastrically to the young mice. The animals were killed in 24 hours and the frequency of the isolation of the microbes from the blood, spleen, kidneys and liver was developed. The oral use of the drug normalized the intestinal microflora, provided a reliable decrease of the bacteria isolation from the blood, spleen, kidneys and liver and prevented the animal death. The morphological examination showed that ascorbigen significantly increased the number and activity of the Paneth cells in the gland crypts, the goblet cells in the villi and mononuclear cells in the selfplate of the intestine mucous membrane vs. the intact control.
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28
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Printsevskaya SS, Solovieva SE, Olsufyeva EN, Mirchink EP, Isakova EB, De Clercq E, Balzarini J, Preobrazhenskaya MN. Structure-activity relationship studies of a series of antiviral and antibacterial aglycon derivatives of the glycopeptide antibiotics vancomycin, eremomycin, and dechloroeremomycin. J Med Chem 2005; 48:3885-90. [PMID: 15916441 DOI: 10.1021/jm0500774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
N-(adamantyl-1)methyl, N-(adamantyl-2), and N-(omega-aminodecyl) amides of vancomycin, eremomycin, and dechloroeremomycin aglycons and their des-(N-Me-D-Leu) derivatives were synthesized and their antibacterial and anti-HIV activities were investigated. Carboxamides with an intact peptide core demonstrated activity against glycopeptide-susceptible and -resistant bacteria (1-32 microM). N-(adamantyl-1)methylcarboxamide of eremomycin aglycons had good antiretroviral activity (1.6 microM against HIV-1). Compounds with destroyed peptide core [des-(N-Me-D-Leu)-aglycon amides] were inactive against both glycopeptide-sensitive and -resistant bacteria. (Adamantyl-1)methylamide of des-(N-Me-D-Leu)-eremomycin aglycon had good antiretroviral activity (EC50 of 5.5 microM for HIV-1 and 3.5 microM for HIV-2). (Adamantyl-1)methylamides of eremomycin aglycon and its des-(N-Me-d-Leu)-derivative are the most promising and selective antiretroviral agents. Their ability to induce bacterial resistance to glycopeptide antibiotics during prolonged administration may be expected to be very low or absent. This might make the use of these derivatives feasible in the prolonged therapy or prophylaxis of HIV infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Svetlana S Printsevskaya
- Gause Institute of New Antibiotics, Russian Academy of Medical Sciences, B. Pirogovskaya 11, Moscow 119021, Russia
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29
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Krasnopolskaya LM, Belitsky IV, Avtonomova AV, Soboleva N, Usov AI, Isakova EB, Libenzon A, Bukhman VM. Screening Systems for Medicinal Basidiomycetes Antitumor Extracts. Int J Med Mushrooms 2005. [DOI: 10.1615/intjmedmushrooms.v7.i3.660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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30
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Krasnopolskaya LM, Belitsky IV, Avtonomova AV, Soboleva N, Usov AI, Isakova EB, Libenzon A, Bukhman VM. Screening Systems for Medicinal Basidiomycetes Antitumor Extracts. Int J Med Mushrooms 2005. [DOI: 10.1615/intjmedmushr.v7.i3.660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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31
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Shcherbakova EG, Bukhman VM, Isakova EB, Bodiagin DA, Arkhipova NA, Rastunova GA, Vorob'eva LS, Lipatov NN. [Effect of lysozyme on the growth of murine lymphoma and antineoplastic activity of cyclophosphamide]. Antibiot Khimioter 2003; 47:3-8. [PMID: 12698573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/01/2023]
Abstract
It was shown that hen egg-white lysozyme (LM) in the dose 100 mg/kg under the daily intragastral use slightly inhibited tumor grown or did not influence significantly upon it and did not change antitumor activity of cyclophosphamide. When used at mice C57Bl/6J with the transplanted ascitic or solid T-cell lymphoma EL4 (syngeneic system). On model of the same tumors in ascitic form at mice-hybrids (C57Bl/6J x DBA2)F1 (semisingeneic system) LM significantly potentiates antitumor activity of cyclophosphamide, though it had no effect on the rate of tumor growth. Potentiation of the effect of cyclophosphamide revealed itself in more slow development of ascite, increased mean life-span and the overall survival, appearance of completely cured animals. Our clinic-laboratory studies have revealed a sharp deficit of endogenic lysozyme in the blood serum of leukemic patients and extremely low lysozyme content in lavage liquid, from leukemic patients, with pneumonia. These data suggest that LM can be useful as a food additive in the complex treatment of oncological patients for enhancing antineoplastic chemotherapy efficacy.
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32
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Printsevskaya SS, Pavlov AY, Olsufyeva EN, Mirchink EP, Isakova EB, Reznikova MI, Goldman RC, Branstrom AA, Baizman ER, Longley CB, Sztaricskai F, Batta G, Preobrazhenskaya MN. Synthesis and mode of action of hydrophobic derivatives of the glycopeptide antibiotic eremomycin and des-(N-methyl-D-leucyl)eremomycin against glycopeptide-sensitive and -resistant bacteria. J Med Chem 2002; 45:1340-7. [PMID: 11882003 DOI: 10.1021/jm010460i] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Des-(N-methyl-D-leucyl)eremomycin was obtained by Edman degradation of eremomycin. Derivatives with a hydrophobic substituent at the exterior of the molecule were then synthesized, and their antibacterial activities were compared with similar derivatives of eremomycin. Comparison of derivatives of eremomycin containing the n-decyl or p-(p-chlorophenyl)benzyl substituent in the eremosamine moiety (N') and n-decyl or p-(p-chlorophenyl)benzylamides with similar derivatives of eremomycin possessing the damaged peptide core (a defective binding pocket) showed that compounds of both types are almost equally active against glycopeptide-resistant strains of enterococci (GRE), whereas eremomycin derivatives are more active against staphylococci. Hydrophobic 7d-alkylaminomethylated derivatives of eremomycin (9, 10) demonstrated similar antibacterial properties. Since the basic mode of action of glycopeptide antibiotics involves binding to cell wall intermediates terminating in -D-Ala-D-Ala and this interaction is seriously decreased in the hexapeptide derivatives (lacking the critical N-methyl-D-leucine), we suggest that these hydrophobic derivatives may inhibit peptidoglycan synthesis in the absence of dipeptide binding. NMR binding experiments using Ac-D-Ala-D-Ala show that binding constants of these hexapeptide derivativies are decreased in comparison with the corresponding heptapeptides with intact binding pocket. This is in agreement with the decreased biological activity of the hexapeptide derivatives against vancomycin-sensitive strains in comparison with the activity of parent compounds. Binding to the lactate cell wall analogue Ac-D-Ala-D-Lac with decylamide of eremomycin 8 was not observed, demonstrating that the interaction with this target in GRE does not occur. While hydrophobic glycopeptide derivatives retain the ability to inhibit the synthesis of peptidoglycan in manner of natural glycopeptides, biochemical investigation supports the hypothesis that they inhibit the transglycosylase stage of bacterial peptidoglycan biosynthesis even in the absence of dipeptide or depsipeptide binding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Svetlana S Printsevskaya
- Gause Institute of New Antibiotics, Russian Academy of Medical Sciences, B. Pirogovskaya 11, Moscow, 119867 Russia
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