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Chumachenko V, Virych P, Nie G, Virych P, Yeshchenko O, Khort P, Tkachenko A, Prokopiuk V, Lukianova N, Zadvornyi T, Rawiso M, Ding L, Kutsevol N. Combined Dextran-Graft-Polyacrylamide/Zinc Oxide Nanocarrier for Effective Anticancer Therapy in vitro. Int J Nanomedicine 2023; 18:4821-4838. [PMID: 37662686 PMCID: PMC10473965 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s416046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2023] [Accepted: 08/13/2023] [Indexed: 09/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Cancer chemotherapy faces two major challenges - high toxicity of active substances and tumor resistance to drugs. Low toxic nanocarriers in combination with anticancer agents can significantly increase the effectiveness of therapy. Modern advances in nanotechnology make it easy to create materials with the necessary physical and chemical properties. Methods Two hybrid nanosystems of dextran-polyacrylamide/ zinc oxide nanoparticles (D-PAA/ZnO NPs) were synthesized in aqueous solution with zinc sulphate (D-PAA/ZnO NPs (SO42-)) and zinc acetate (D-PAA/ZnO NPs (-OAc)). The light absorption, fluorescence, dynamic light scattering and transmission electron microscopy for nanocomposite characterization were used. MTT, neutral red uptake and scratch assays were selected as fibroblasts cytotoxicity assays. Cytotoxicity was tested in vitro for normal fibroblasts, MAEC, prostate (LNCaP, PC-3, DU-145) and breast (MDA-MB-231, MCF-7) cancer cells lines. Immunocytochemical methods were used for detection of Ki-67, p53, Bcl-2, Bax, e-cadherin, N-cadherin and CD44 expression. Acridine orange was used to detect morphological changes in cells. Results The radius of ZnO NPs (SO42-) was 1.5 nm and ZnO NPs (-OAc) was 2 nm. The nanosystems were low-toxic to fibroblasts, MAEC. Cells in the last stages of apoptosis with the formation of apoptotic bodies were detected for all investigated cancer cell lines. Proapoptotic proteins expression in cancer cells indicates an apoptotic death. Increased expression of E-cadherin and N-cadherin was registered for cancer cells line LNCaP, PC-3, DU-145 and MCF-7 after 48 h incubation with D-PAA/ZnO NPs (SO42-). Conclusion The nanosystems were low-toxic to fibroblasts, MAEC. The D-PAA/ZnO NPs nanosystem synthesized using zinc sulphate demonstrates high cytotoxicity due to destruction of various types of cancer cells in vitro and potentially increases adhesion between cells. Thus, our findings indicate the selective cytotoxicity of D-PAA/ZnO NPs against cancer cells and can be potentially used for cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vasyl Chumachenko
- Chemistry Department, Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - Pavlo Virych
- Chemistry Department, Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - Guochao Nie
- Guangxi Universities Key Laboratory of Complex System Optimization and Big Data Processing, Yulin Normal University, Yulin, People’s Republic of China
| | - Petro Virych
- Laboratory of Mechanisms of Drug Resistance, R.E. Kavetsky Institute for Experimental Pathology, Oncology and Radiobiology, Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - Oleg Yeshchenko
- Physics Department, Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - Pavlo Khort
- Physics Department, Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - Anton Tkachenko
- Research Institute of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Kharkiv National Medical University, Kharkiv, Ukraine
| | - Volodymyr Prokopiuk
- Research Institute of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Kharkiv National Medical University, Kharkiv, Ukraine
- Department of Cryobiochemistry, Institute for Problems of Cryobiology and Cryomedicine of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Kharkiv, Ukraine
| | - Nataliia Lukianova
- Laboratory of Mechanisms of Drug Resistance, R.E. Kavetsky Institute for Experimental Pathology, Oncology and Radiobiology, Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - Taras Zadvornyi
- Laboratory of Mechanisms of Drug Resistance, R.E. Kavetsky Institute for Experimental Pathology, Oncology and Radiobiology, Kyiv, Ukraine
| | | | - Liyao Ding
- Guangxi Universities Key Laboratory of Complex System Optimization and Big Data Processing, Yulin Normal University, Yulin, People’s Republic of China
| | - Nataliya Kutsevol
- Chemistry Department, Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, Kyiv, Ukraine
- Institut Charles Sadron, Strasbourg, France
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Goswami R, Lehot V, Çiçek YA, Nagaraj H, Jeon T, Nguyen T, Fedeli S, Rotello VM. Direct Cytosolic Delivery of Citraconylated Proteins. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:pharmaceutics15010218. [PMID: 36678847 PMCID: PMC9861219 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15010218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2022] [Revised: 12/23/2022] [Accepted: 12/31/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Current intracellular protein delivery strategies face the challenge of endosomal entrapment and consequent degradation of protein cargo. Methods to efficiently deliver proteins directly to the cytosol have the potential to overcome this hurdle. Here, we report the use of a straightforward approach of protein modification using citraconic anhydride to impart an overall negative charge on the proteins, enabling them to assemble with positively charged nano vectors. This strategy uses anhydride-modified proteins to electrostatically form polymer-protein nanocomposites with a cationic guanidinium-functionalized polymer. These supramolecular self-assemblies demonstrated the efficient cytosolic delivery of modified proteins through a membrane fusion-like mechanism. This approach was validated on five cell lines and seven proteins as cargo. Retention of protein function was confirmed through efficient cell killing via the intracellular enzymatic activity of RNase A. This platform provides a versatile, straightforward, and single-step method of protein modification and efficient direct cytosolic protein delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ritabrita Goswami
- Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts Amherst, 710 North Pleasant Street, Amherst, MA 01003, USA
| | - Victor Lehot
- Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts Amherst, 710 North Pleasant Street, Amherst, MA 01003, USA
| | - Yağız Anıl Çiçek
- Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts Amherst, 710 North Pleasant Street, Amherst, MA 01003, USA
| | - Harini Nagaraj
- Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts Amherst, 710 North Pleasant Street, Amherst, MA 01003, USA
| | - Taewon Jeon
- Molecular and Cellular Biology Graduate Program, University of Massachusetts Amherst, 710 North Pleasant Street, Amherst, MA 01003, USA
| | - Terry Nguyen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts Amherst, 710 North Pleasant Street, Amherst, MA 01003, USA
| | - Stefano Fedeli
- Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts Amherst, 710 North Pleasant Street, Amherst, MA 01003, USA
| | - Vincent M. Rotello
- Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts Amherst, 710 North Pleasant Street, Amherst, MA 01003, USA
- Correspondence:
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Luther DC, Lee YW, Nagaraj H, Clark V, Jeon T, Goswami R, Gopalakrishnan S, Fedeli S, Jerome W, Elia JL, Rotello VM. Cytosolic Protein Delivery Using Modular Biotin-Streptavidin Assembly of Nanocomposites. ACS Nano 2022; 16:7323-7330. [PMID: 35435664 PMCID: PMC10586328 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.1c06768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Current strategies for the delivery of proteins into cells face general challenges of endosomal entrapment and concomitant degradation of protein cargo. Efficient delivery directly to the cytosol overcomes this obstacle: we report here the use of biotin-streptavidin tethering to provide a modular approach to the generation of nanovectors capable of a cytosolic delivery of biotinylated proteins. This strategy uses streptavidin to organize biotinylated protein and biotinylated oligo(glutamate) peptide into modular complexes that are then electrostatically self-assembled with a cationic guanidinium-functionalized polymer. The resulting polymer-protein nanocomposites demonstrate efficient cytosolic delivery of six biotinylated protein cargos of varying size, charge, and quaternary structure. Retention of protein function was established through efficient cell killing via delivery of the chemotherapeutic enzyme granzyme A. This platform represents a versatile and modular approach to intracellular delivery through the noncovalent tethering of multiple components into a single delivery vector.
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Affiliation(s)
- David C. Luther
- Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts Amherst, 710 North Pleasant Street, Amherst, Massachusetts, 01003, USA
| | - Yi-Wei Lee
- Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts Amherst, 710 North Pleasant Street, Amherst, Massachusetts, 01003, USA
| | - Harini Nagaraj
- Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts Amherst, 710 North Pleasant Street, Amherst, Massachusetts, 01003, USA
| | - Vincent Clark
- Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts Amherst, 710 North Pleasant Street, Amherst, Massachusetts, 01003, USA
| | - Taewon Jeon
- Molecular and Cellular Biology Graduate Program, University of Massachusetts Amherst, 710 North Pleasant Street, Amherst, Massachusetts, 01003, USA
| | - Ritabrita Goswami
- Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts Amherst, 710 North Pleasant Street, Amherst, Massachusetts, 01003, USA
| | - Sanjana Gopalakrishnan
- Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts Amherst, 710 North Pleasant Street, Amherst, Massachusetts, 01003, USA
| | - Stefano Fedeli
- Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts Amherst, 710 North Pleasant Street, Amherst, Massachusetts, 01003, USA
| | - William Jerome
- Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts Amherst, 710 North Pleasant Street, Amherst, Massachusetts, 01003, USA
| | - James L. Elia
- Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts Amherst, 710 North Pleasant Street, Amherst, Massachusetts, 01003, USA
| | - Vincent M. Rotello
- Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts Amherst, 710 North Pleasant Street, Amherst, Massachusetts, 01003, USA
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Fernández M, Orozco J. Advances in Functionalized Photosensitive Polymeric Nanocarriers. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:2464. [PMID: 34372067 DOI: 10.3390/polym13152464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2021] [Revised: 06/30/2021] [Accepted: 07/01/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The synthesis of light-responsive nanocarriers (LRNs) with a variety of surface functional groups and/or ligands has been intensively explored for space-temporal controlled cargo release. LRNs have been designed on demand for photodynamic-, photothermal-, chemo-, and radiotherapy, protected delivery of bioactive molecules, such as smart drug delivery systems and for theranostic duties. LRNs trigger the release of cargo by a light stimulus. The idea of modifying LRNs with different moieties and ligands search for site-specific cargo delivery imparting stealth effects and/or eliciting specific cellular interactions to improve the nanosystems’ safety and efficacy. This work reviews photoresponsive polymeric nanocarriers and photo-stimulation mechanisms, surface chemistry to link ligands and characterization of the resultant nanosystems. It summarizes the interesting biomedical applications of functionalized photo-controlled nanocarriers, highlighting the current challenges and opportunities of such high-performance photo-triggered delivery systems.
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Lee YW, Luther DC, Goswami R, Jeon T, Clark V, Elia J, Gopalakrishnan S, Rotello VM. Direct Cytosolic Delivery of Proteins through Coengineering of Proteins and Polymeric Delivery Vehicles. J Am Chem Soc 2020; 142:4349-4355. [PMID: 32049533 PMCID: PMC7392052 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.9b12759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Nanocarrier-mediated protein delivery is a promising strategy for fundamental research and therapeutic applications. However, the efficacy of the current platforms for delivery into cells is limited by endosomal entrapment of delivered protein cargo with concomitantly inefficient access to the cytosol and other organelles, including the nucleus. We report here a robust, versatile polymeric-protein nanocomposite (PPNC) platform capable of efficient (≥90%) delivery of proteins to the cytosol. We synthesized a library of guanidinium-functionalized poly(oxanorborneneimide) (PONI) homopolymers with varying molecular weights to stabilize and deliver engineered proteins featuring terminal oligoglutamate "E-tags". The polymers were screened for cytosolic delivery efficiency using imaging flow cytometry with cytosolic delivery validated using confocal microscopy and activity of the delivered proteins demonstrated through functional assays. These studies indicate that the PPNC platform provides highly effective and tunable cytosolic delivery over a wide range of formulations, making them robust agents for therapeutic protein delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Wei Lee
- Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts Amherst, 710 North Pleasant Street, Amherst, Massachusetts, 01003, USA
| | - David C. Luther
- Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts Amherst, 710 North Pleasant Street, Amherst, Massachusetts, 01003, USA
| | - Ritabrita Goswami
- Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts Amherst, 710 North Pleasant Street, Amherst, Massachusetts, 01003, USA
| | - Taewon Jeon
- Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts Amherst, 710 North Pleasant Street, Amherst, Massachusetts, 01003, USA
- Molecular and Cellular Biology Graduate Program, University of Massachusetts Amherst, 710 North Pleasant Street, Amherst, Massachusetts, 01003, USA
| | - Vincent Clark
- Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts Amherst, 710 North Pleasant Street, Amherst, Massachusetts, 01003, USA
| | - James Elia
- Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts Amherst, 710 North Pleasant Street, Amherst, Massachusetts, 01003, USA
| | - Sanjana Gopalakrishnan
- Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts Amherst, 710 North Pleasant Street, Amherst, Massachusetts, 01003, USA
| | - Vincent M. Rotello
- Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts Amherst, 710 North Pleasant Street, Amherst, Massachusetts, 01003, USA
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Abstract
Diets with naturally occuring chemopreventive agents are showing good potentials in serving dual purposes: firstly, for maintaining health, and secondly, for emerging as most puissant cost-effective strategy against chronic diseases like cancer. Genistein, one of the active soy isoflavone, is gaining attention due to its ability to impede carcinogenic processes by regulating wide range of associated molecules and signalling mechanisms. Epidemiologic and preclinical evidences suggest that sufficient consumption of soy-based food having genistein can be correlated to the reduction of cancer risk. However, certain adverse effects like poor oral bioavailability, low aqueous solubility and inefficient pharmacokinetics have pushed it down in the list of phytoconstituents currently undergoing successful clinical trials. In order to maximise the utilisation of therapeutic benefits of this phytoestrogen, suitable drug carrier designs are required. Recently, nanocarriers, mainly composed of polymeric materials, are progressively and innovatively exploited with the aim to improve pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of genistein. Here, we have briefly reviewed (a) the targeted molecular mechanisms of geinstein, (b) nanopolymeric approaches opted so far in designing carriers and (c) the reasons behind their restricted clinical applications. Finally, some mechanism-based approaches are proposed presenting genistein as the future paradigm in cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nisha Tyagi
- a Department of Chemistry , Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST) , Gwangju , South Korea
| | - Yo Han Song
- a Department of Chemistry , Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST) , Gwangju , South Korea
| | - Ranjit De
- a Department of Chemistry , Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST) , Gwangju , South Korea
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Zhao Y, Tian W, Yang G, Fan X. Linear-g-hyperbranched and cyclodextrin-based amphiphilic block copolymer as a multifunctional nanocarrier. Beilstein J Org Chem 2015; 10:2696-703. [PMID: 25550733 PMCID: PMC4273233 DOI: 10.3762/bjoc.10.284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2014] [Accepted: 10/30/2014] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
In this paper, a novel, multifunctional polymer nanocarrier was designed to provide adequate volume for high drug loading, to afford a multiregion encapsulation ability, and to achieve controlled drug release. An amphiphilic, triblock polymer (ABC) with hyperbranched polycarbonsilane (HBPCSi) and β-cyclodextrin (β-CD) moieties were first synthesized by the combination of a two-step reversible addition-fragmentation transfer polymerization into a pseudo-one-step hydrosilylation and quaternization reaction. The ABC then self-assembled into stable micelles with a core–shell structure in aqueous solution. These resulting micelles are multifunctional nanocarriers which possess higher drug loading capability due to the introduction of HBPCSi segments and β-CD moieties, and exhibit controlled drug release based on the diffusion release mechanism. The novel multifunctional nanocarrier may be applicable to produce highly efficient and specialized delivery systems for drugs, genes, and diagnostic agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yamei Zhao
- College of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Xi'an Polytechnic University, Xi'an, 710048, P. R. China
| | - Wei Tian
- The Key Laboratory of Space Applied Physics and Chemistry, Ministry of Education and Shanxi Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Science and Technology, School of Science, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, 710072, P. R. China
| | - Guang Yang
- The Key Laboratory of Space Applied Physics and Chemistry, Ministry of Education and Shanxi Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Science and Technology, School of Science, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, 710072, P. R. China
| | - Xiaodong Fan
- The Key Laboratory of Space Applied Physics and Chemistry, Ministry of Education and Shanxi Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Science and Technology, School of Science, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, 710072, P. R. China
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