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Du R, Bao T, Kong D, Zhang Q, Jia X. Cyclodextrins-based Polyrotaxanes: From Functional Polymers to Applications in Electronics and Energy Storage Materials. Chempluschem 2024:e202300706. [PMID: 38567455 DOI: 10.1002/cplu.202300706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2023] [Revised: 02/11/2024] [Accepted: 03/29/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
The concept of polyrotaxane comes from the rotaxane structure in the supramolecular field. It is a mechanically interlocked supramolecular assembly composed of linear polymer chains and cyclic molecules. Over recent decades, the synthesis and application of polyrotaxanes have seen remarkable growth. Particularly, cyclodextrin-based polyrotaxanes have been extensively reported due to the low-price raw materials, good biocompatibility, and ease of modification. Hence, it is also one of the most promising mechanically interlocking supramolecules for wide industrialization in the future. Polyrotaxanes are widely introduced into materials such as elastomers, hydrogels, and engineering polymers to improve their mechanical properties or impart functionality to the materials. In these materials, polyrotaxane acts as a slidable cross-linker to dissipate energy through sliding or assist in dispersing stress concentration in the cross-linked network, thereby enhancing the toughness of the materials. Further, the unique sliding-ring effect of cyclodextrin-based polyrotaxanes has pioneered advancements in stretchable electronics and energy storage materials. This includes their innovative use in stretchable conductive composite and binders for anodes, addressing critical challenges in these fields. In this mini-review, our focus is to highlight the current progress and potential wider applications in the future, underlining their transformative impact across various domains of material science.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruichun Du
- Nanjing University, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, 163 Xianlin Ave., Nanjing, CHINA
| | - Tianwei Bao
- Nanjing University, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, CHINA
| | - Deshuo Kong
- Nanjing University, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, CHINA
| | - Qiuhong Zhang
- Nanjing University, Polymer Science and Engineering, 163 Xianlin Ave, Nanjing Univeristy, 210023, Nanjing, CHINA
| | - Xudong Jia
- Nanjing University, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, 163 Xianlin Ave., Nanjing, CHINA
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2
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Zhang M, Liu W, Lin Q, Ke C. Hierarchically Templated Synthesis of 3D-Printed Crosslinked Cyclodextrins for Lycopene Harvesting. Small 2023; 19:e2300323. [PMID: 37029456 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202300323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2023] [Revised: 03/14/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Plants produce a wide range of bioactive phytochemicals, such as antioxidants and vitamins, which play crucial roles in aging prevention, inflammation reduction, and reducing the risk of cancer. Selectively harvesting these phytochemicals, such as lycopene, from tomatoes through the adsorption method is cost-effective and energy efficient. In this work, a templated synthesis of 3D-printed crosslinked cyclodextrin polymers featuring nanotubular structures for highly selective lycopene harvesting is reported. Polypseudorotaxanes formed by triethoxysilane-based telechelic polyethylene glycols and α-cyclodextrins (α-CDs) are designed as the template to (1) synthetically access urethane-based nanotubular structures at the molecular level, and (2) construct 3D-printed architectures with designed macroscale voids. The polypseudorotaxane hydrogels showed good rheological properties for direct ink writing, and the 3D-printed hydrogels were converted to the desired α-CD polymer network through a three-step postprinting transformation. The obtained urethane-crosslinked α-CD monoliths possess nanotubular structures and 3D-printed voids. They selectively adsorb lycopene from raw tomato juice, protecting lycopene from photo- or thermo-degradations. This work highlights the hierarchically templated synthesis approach in developing functional 3D-printing materials by connecting the bottom-up molecular assembly and synthesis with the top-down 3D architecture control and fabrication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingshi Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Dartmouth College, 41 College Street, Hanover, NH, 03755, USA
| | - Wenxing Liu
- Department of Chemistry, Dartmouth College, 41 College Street, Hanover, NH, 03755, USA
| | - Qianming Lin
- Department of Chemistry, Dartmouth College, 41 College Street, Hanover, NH, 03755, USA
| | - Chenfeng Ke
- Department of Chemistry, Dartmouth College, 41 College Street, Hanover, NH, 03755, USA
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3
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Masuda H, Arisaka Y, Hakariya M, Iwata T, Yoda T, Yui N. Molecular Mobility of Polyrotaxane Surfaces Alleviates Oxidative Stress-Induced Senescence in Mesenchymal Stem Cells. Macromol Biosci 2023; 23:e2300053. [PMID: 36942889 DOI: 10.1002/mabi.202300053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2023] [Revised: 03/14/2023] [Indexed: 03/23/2023]
Abstract
Polyrotaxane is a supramolecular assembly consisting of multiple cyclic molecules threaded by a linear polymer. One of the unique properties of polyrotaxane is molecular mobility, cyclic molecules moving along the linear polymer. Molecular mobility of polyrotaxane surfaces affects cell spreading, differentiation, and other cell-related aspects through changing subcellular localization of yes-associated proteins (YAPs). Subcellular YAP localization is also related to cell senescence derived from oxidative stress, which is known to cause cancer, diabetes, and heart disease. Herein, the effects of polyrotaxane surface molecular mobility on subcellular YAP localization and cell senescence following H2 O2 -induced oxidative stress are evaluated in human mesenchymal stem cells (HMSCs) cultured on polyrotaxane surfaces with different molecular mobilities. Oxidative stress promotes cytoplasmic YAP localization in HMSCs on high-mobility polyrotaxane surfaces; however, low-mobility polyrotaxane surfaces more effectively maintain nuclear YAP localization, exhibiting lower senescence-associated β-galactosidase activity and senescence-related gene expression and DNA damage than that seen with the high-mobility surfaces. These results suggest that the molecular mobility of polyrotaxane surfaces regulates subcellular YAP localization, thereby protecting HMSCs from oxidative stress-induced cell senescence. Applying the molecular mobility of polyrotaxane surfaces to implantable scaffolds can provide insights into the prevention and treatment of diseases caused by oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroki Masuda
- Department of Maxillofacial Surgery, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo, Tokyo, 113-8549, Japan
| | - Yoshinori Arisaka
- Department of Organic Biomaterials, Institute of Biomaterials and Bioengineering, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), 2-3-10 Kanda-Surugadai, Chiyoda, Tokyo, 101-0062, Japan
| | - Masahiro Hakariya
- Department of Periodontology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo, Tokyo, 113-8549, Japan
| | - Takanori Iwata
- Department of Periodontology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo, Tokyo, 113-8549, Japan
| | - Tetsuya Yoda
- Department of Maxillofacial Surgery, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo, Tokyo, 113-8549, Japan
| | - Nobuhiko Yui
- Department of Organic Biomaterials, Institute of Biomaterials and Bioengineering, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), 2-3-10 Kanda-Surugadai, Chiyoda, Tokyo, 101-0062, Japan
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Dikshit KV, Visal AM, Janssen F, Larsen A, Bruns CJ. Pressure-Sensitive Supramolecular Adhesives Based on Lipoic Acid and Biofriendly Dynamic Cyclodextrin and Polyrotaxane Cross-Linkers. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2023; 15:17256-17267. [PMID: 36926820 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c00927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Slide-ring materials are polymer networks with mobile cross-links that exhibit impressive stress dissipation and fracture resistance owing to the pulley effect. On account of their remarkable ability to dissipate the energy of deformation, these materials have found their way into advanced materials such as abrasion-resistant coatings and elastic battery electrode binders. In this work, we explore the role of mobile cross-links on the properties of a biofriendly pressure-sensitive adhesive made using composites of cyclodextrin-based macromolecules and poly(lipoic acid). We modify cyclodextrin-based hosts and polyrotaxanes with pendant groups of lipoic acid (a commonly ingested antioxidant) to incorporate them as cross-links in poly(lipoic acid) networks obtained by simple heating in open air. By systematically varying the adhesive formulations while probing their mechanical and adhesive properties, we uncover trends in structure-property relationships that enable one to tune network properties and access biofriendly, high-tack adhesives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karan Vivek Dikshit
- Materials Science and Engineering, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado 80303, United States
| | - Aseem Milind Visal
- Materials Science and Engineering, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado 80303, United States
| | - Femke Janssen
- Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado 80303, United States
| | - Alexander Larsen
- Paul M. Rady Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States
| | - Carson J Bruns
- Paul M. Rady Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States
- ATLAS Institute, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States
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Rial-Hermida MI, Costa DCS, Jiang L, Rodrigues JMM, Ito K, Mano JF. Bioinspired Oxidation-Resistant Catechol-like Sliding Ring Polyrotaxane Hydrogels. Gels 2023; 9. [PMID: 36826257 DOI: 10.3390/gels9020085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2022] [Revised: 01/13/2023] [Accepted: 01/15/2023] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Adaptable hydrogels have been used in the biomedical field to address several pathologies, especially those regarding tissue defects. Here, we describe unprecedented catechol-like functionalized polyrotaxane (PR) polymers able to form hydrogels. PR were functionalized with the incorporation of hydroxypyridinone (HOPO) moieties into the polymer backbone, with a degree of substitution from 4 to 22%, depending on the PR type. The hydrogels form through the functionalized supramolecular systems when in contact with a Fe(III) solution. Despite the hydrogel formation being at physiological pH (7.4), the HOPO derivatives are extremely resistant to oxidation, unlike common catechols; consequently, they prevent the formation of quinones, which can lead to irreversible bounds within the matrix. The resulting hydrogels demonstrated properties lead to unique hydrogels with improved mechanical behavior obtained by metallic coordination crosslinking, due to the synergies of the sliding-ring PR and the non-covalent (reversible) catechol analogues. Following this strategy, we successfully developed innovative, cytocompatible, oxidative-resistant, and reversible crosslinked hydrogels, with the potential of being used as structural self-materials for a variety of applications, including in the biomedical field.
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Choi S, Kim B, Park S, Seo JH, Ahn SK. Slidable Cross-Linking Effect on Liquid Crystal Elastomers: Enhancement of Toughness, Shape-Memory, and Self-Healing Properties. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2022; 14:32486-32496. [PMID: 35792581 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c06462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The network structures of liquid crystal elastomers (LCEs) are crucial to impart rubbery behavior to LCEs and enable reversible actuation. Most LCEs developed to date are covalently linked, implying that the cross-links are fixed at a particular position. Herein, we report a new class of LCEs integrating polyrotaxanes (PRs) as slidable cross-links (PR-LCEs). Interestingly, the incorporation of a low loading (0.3-2.0 wt %) of the PR cross-linkers to the LCE causes a significant impact on various properties of the resulting PR-LCEs due to the pulley effect. The optimum PR loading is determined to be 0.5 wt %, at which point the toughness and damping behavior are maximized. The robust mechanical properties of the PR-LCE offers a superior actuation performance to that of the pristine LCE along with an excellent quadruple shape-memory effect. Furthermore, the incorporation of PR is useful to enhance the efficiency of shape-memory-assisted self-healing when heating above the nematic-isotropic transition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Subi Choi
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea
| | - Bitgaram Kim
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Sungmin Park
- Advanced Materials Division, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology, Daejeon 34114, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji-Hun Seo
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Suk-Kyun Ahn
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea
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Cho Y, Kim J, Elabd A, Choi S, Park K, Kwon TW, Lee J, Char K, Coskun A, Choi JW. A Pyrene-Poly(acrylic acid)-Polyrotaxane Supramolecular Binder Network for High-Performance Silicon Negative Electrodes. Adv Mater 2019; 31:e1905048. [PMID: 31693231 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201905048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2019] [Revised: 10/06/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Although being incorporated in commercial lithium-ion batteries for a while, the weight portion of silicon monoxide (SiOx , x ≈ 1) is only less than 10 wt% due to the insufficient cycle life. Along this line, polymeric binders that can assist in maintaining the mechanical integrity and interfacial stability of SiOx electrodes are desired to realize higher contents of SiOx . Herein, a pyrene-poly(acrylic acid) (PAA)-polyrotaxane (PR) supramolecular network is reported as a polymeric binder for SiOx with 100 wt%. The noncovalent functionalization of a carbon coating layer on the SiOx is achieved by using a hydroxylated pyrene derivative via the π-π stacking interaction, which simultaneously enables hydrogen bonding interactions with the PR-PAA network through its hydroxyl moiety. Moreover, the PR's ring sliding while being crosslinked to PAA endows a high elasticity to the entire polymer network, effectively buffering the volume expansion of SiOx and largely mitigating the electrode swelling. Based on these extraordinary physicochemical properties of the pyrene-PAA-PR supramolecular binder, the robust cycling of SiOx electrodes is demonstrated at commercial levels of areal loading in both half-cell and full-cell configurations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunshik Cho
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering and Institute of Chemical Processes, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Jaemin Kim
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering and Institute of Chemical Processes, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Ahmed Elabd
- Department of Chemistry, University of Fribourg, Chemin de Musee 9, Fribourg, 1700, Switzerland
| | - Sunghun Choi
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering and Institute of Chemical Processes, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Kiho Park
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering and Institute of Chemical Processes, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae-Woo Kwon
- Graduate School of Energy, Environment, Waterm, and Sustainability (EEWS), Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Jungmin Lee
- Samsung SDI R&D Center, 130 Samsung-ro, Yeongtong-gu, Suwon, Gyeonggi-do, 16678, Republic of Korea
| | - Kookheon Char
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering and Institute of Chemical Processes, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Ali Coskun
- Department of Chemistry, University of Fribourg, Chemin de Musee 9, Fribourg, 1700, Switzerland
| | - Jang Wook Choi
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering and Institute of Chemical Processes, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
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Arisaka Y, Yui N. Suspending Polyrotaxane Dissociation via Photo-Reversible Capping of Terminals. Macromol Rapid Commun 2019; 40:e1900323. [PMID: 31429992 DOI: 10.1002/marc.201900323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2019] [Revised: 08/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Reversible covalent bonds yield polymeric materials with functional characteristics such as self-healing, shape memory, stress relaxation, and stimuli-responsiveness. Here, photo-reversibly cappable polyrotaxanes are designed and the on-off controlled dissociation of their supramolecular architectures is demonstrated. The polyrotaxanes are synthesized by capping dithiobenzoates at both terminals of polyethylene glycol threaded through multiple α-cyclodextrins. Since dethreading of the α-cyclodextrins is prevented by the dithiobenzoate stoppers, the supramolecular dissociation is induced by their photo-cleavage. Subsequently, the cleaved dithiobenzoates spontaneously re-cap the polyrotaxane terminals in darkness. Thus, the supramolecular dissociation can be modulated by photo-reversible capping of the dithiobenzoate stoppers. These polyrotaxanes with dithiobenzoate stoppers are promising functional materials for photo-controlling physical properties and structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshinori Arisaka
- Department of Organic Biomaterials, Institute of Biomaterials and Bioengineering, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 12-3-10 Kanda-Surugadai, Chiyoda, Tokyo, 101-0062, Japan
| | - Nobuhiko Yui
- Department of Organic Biomaterials, Institute of Biomaterials and Bioengineering, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 12-3-10 Kanda-Surugadai, Chiyoda, Tokyo, 101-0062, Japan
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Liu S, Jin J, Jia YG, Wang J, Mo L, Chen X, Qi D, Chen Y, Ren L. Glycopolymers Made from Polyrotaxanes Terminated with Bile Acids: Preparation, Self-Assembly, and Targeting Delivery. Macromol Biosci 2019; 19:e1800478. [PMID: 30694599 DOI: 10.1002/mabi.201800478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2018] [Revised: 01/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The use of natural compounds to construct biomaterials, including delivery system, is an attractive strategy. In the present study, through threading functional α-cyclodextrins onto the conjugated macromolecules of poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) and natural compound bile acid, glycopolymers of polyrotaxanes with the active targeting ability are obtained. These glycopolymers self-assemble into micelles as evidenced by dynamic light scattering and transmission electron microscopy, in which glucosamine, as an example of targeting groups, is introduced. These micelles after loading doxorubicin (DOX) exhibit the selective recognition with cancer cells 4T1. Meanwhile, the maximal half inhibitory concentration is determined to be ≈2.5 mg L-1 for the DOX-loaded micelles, close to the value of free DOX·HCl (1.9 mg L-1 ). The cumulative release of DOX at pH 5.5 is faster than at pH 7.4, which may be used as the controlled release system. This drug delivery system assembled by glycopolymers features high drug loading of DOX, superior biocompatibility. The strategy not only utilizes the micellization induced by bile acids, but also overcomes the major limitation of PEG such as the lack of targeting groups. In particular, this drug delivery platform can extend to grafting the other targeting groups, rendering this system more versatile.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sa Liu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510641, China.,National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China.,Key Laboratory of Biomedical Materials and Engineering of the Ministry of Education, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Jiahong Jin
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510641, China.,National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China.,Key Laboratory of Biomedical Materials and Engineering of the Ministry of Education, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Yong-Guang Jia
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510641, China.,National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China.,Key Laboratory of Biomedical Materials and Engineering of the Ministry of Education, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Jin Wang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510641, China.,National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China.,Key Laboratory of Biomedical Materials and Engineering of the Ministry of Education, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Lina Mo
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510641, China.,National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China.,Key Laboratory of Biomedical Materials and Engineering of the Ministry of Education, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Xiaohui Chen
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510641, China.,National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China.,Key Laboratory of Biomedical Materials and Engineering of the Ministry of Education, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Dawei Qi
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510641, China.,National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China.,Key Laboratory of Biomedical Materials and Engineering of the Ministry of Education, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Yunhua Chen
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510641, China.,National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China.,Key Laboratory of Biomedical Materials and Engineering of the Ministry of Education, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Li Ren
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510641, China.,National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China.,Key Laboratory of Biomedical Materials and Engineering of the Ministry of Education, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China
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Farcas A, Tregnago G, Resmerita AM, Aubert PH, Cacialli F. Synthesis and photophysical characteristics of polyfluorene polyrotaxanes. Beilstein J Org Chem 2015; 11:2677-88. [PMID: 26877789 PMCID: PMC4734422 DOI: 10.3762/bjoc.11.288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2015] [Accepted: 12/04/2015] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Two alternating polyfluorene polyrotaxanes (3·TM-βCD and 3·TM-γCD) have been synthesized by the coupling of 2,7-dibromofluorene encapsulated into 2,3,6-tri-O-methyl-β- or γ-cyclodextrin (TM-βCD, TM-γCD) cavities with 9,9-dioctylfluorene-2,7-diboronic acid bis(1,3-propanediol) ester. Their optical, electrochemical and morphological properties have been evaluated and compared to those of the non-rotaxane counterpart 3. The influence of TM-βCD or TM-γCD encapsulation on the thermal stability, solubility in common organic solvents, film forming ability was also investigated. Polyrotaxane 3·TM-βCD exhibits a hypsochromic shift, while 3·TM-γCD displays a bathochromic with respect to the non-rotaxane 3 counterpart. For the diluted CHCl3 solutions the fluorescence lifetimes of all compounds follow a mono-exponential decay with a time constant of ≈0.6 ns. At higher concentration the fluorescence decay remains mono-exponential for 3·TM-βCD and polymers 3, with a lifetime τ = 0.7 ns and 0.8 ns, whereas the 3·TM-γCD polyrotaxane shows a bi-exponential decay consisting of a main component (with a weight of 98% of the total luminescence) with a relatively short decay constant of τ1 = 0.7 ns and a minor component with a longer lifetime of τ2 = 5.4 ns (2%). The electrochemical band gap (ΔEg) of 3·TM-βCD polyrotaxane is smaller than that of 3·TM-γCD and 3, respectively. The lower ΔEg value for 3·TM-βCD suggests that the encapsulation has a greater effect on the reduction process, which affects the LUMO energy level value. Based on AFM analysis, 3·TM-βCD and 3·TM-γCD polyrotaxane compounds exhibit a granular morphology with lower dispersity and smaller roughness exponent of the film surfaces in comparison with those of the neat copolymer 3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aurica Farcas
- Supramolecular Chemistry Group, ''Petru Poni'' Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, Grigore Ghica Voda Alley, 700487-Iasi, Romania
| | - Giulia Tregnago
- London Centre for Nanotechnology and Department of Physics and Astronomy University College London, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Ana-Maria Resmerita
- Supramolecular Chemistry Group, ''Petru Poni'' Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, Grigore Ghica Voda Alley, 700487-Iasi, Romania
| | - Pierre-Henri Aubert
- Laboratoire de Physicochimie des Polymères et des Interfaces (EA 2528), Institut des Matériaux, Université de Cergy-Pontoise, F-95031 Cergy-Pontoise Cedex, France
| | - Franco Cacialli
- London Centre for Nanotechnology and Department of Physics and Astronomy University College London, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, UK
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11
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Tzeng BC, Chang TY, Tsai MH, Lin YT, Lee SF, Sheu HS. Structural Transformation of Zn II -Dipyridylamide-Based Coordination Frameworks: Hybrid-Ligand and Metal Effects. Chempluschem 2015; 80:878-885. [PMID: 31973347 DOI: 10.1002/cplu.201402453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2014] [Revised: 02/05/2015] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
A series of one-dimensional (1D) double-zigzag ({[Zn(papx)2 (H2 O)2 ](ClO4 )2 }n (x=so 1, sc 3, oc 5, and soc 7) and 2D polyrotaxane ([Zn(papx)2 (ClO4 )2 ]n (x=so 2, sc 4, oc 6, and soc 8) frameworks are synthesized by the reactions of Zn(ClO4 )2 with equimolar amounts of papx (i.e., papso=1/2paps+1/2papo, papsc=1/2paps+1/2papc, papoc=1/2papo+1/2papc, and papsoc=1/3paps+1/3papo+1/3papc; paps=N,N'-bis(pyridylcarbonyl)-4,4'-diaminodiphenyl thioether, papo=N,N'-bis(pyridylcarbonyl)-4,4'-diaminodiphenyl ether, papc=N,N'-(methylenedi-p-phenylene)bispyridine-4-carboxamide). The new frameworks are isolated and characterized by single-crystal and powder X-ray diffraction studies, elemental analysis, and 1 H NMR spectroscopy. In addition, synthesis and structural characterization of 2D polyrotaxane frameworks of [Cu(papx)2 (ClO4 )2 ]n (x=s 9, o 10, and c 11) by the reaction of Cu(ClO4 )2 with the respective dipyridylamide ligands are carried out. Based on the PXRD experiments, upon heating, the double-zigzag frameworks of 1, 3, 5, and 7 undergo structural transformation to give the respective polyrotaxane frameworks of 2, 4, 6, and 8. Moreover, grinding the solid samples of 2, 4, 6, and 8 in the presence of moisture also result in the total conversion back into the double-zigzag frameworks of 1, 3, 5, and 7, respectively. Remarkably, grinding the solid samples of polyrotaxane frameworks of 9 and 10 in the presence of moisture fails to induce a structural transformation process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Biing-Chiau Tzeng
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, National Chung Cheng University, 168 University Road, Min-Hsiung, Chiayi 62102 (Taiwan)
| | - Tsung-Yi Chang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, National Chung Cheng University, 168 University Road, Min-Hsiung, Chiayi 62102 (Taiwan)
| | - Miao-Hsin Tsai
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, National Chung Cheng University, 168 University Road, Min-Hsiung, Chiayi 62102 (Taiwan)
| | - Yu-Ting Lin
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, National Chung Cheng University, 168 University Road, Min-Hsiung, Chiayi 62102 (Taiwan)
| | - Shiu-Feng Lee
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, National Chung Cheng University, 168 University Road, Min-Hsiung, Chiayi 62102 (Taiwan)
| | - Hwo-Shuenn Sheu
- National Synchrotron Radiation Research Center, Hsinchu 30076 (Taiwan)
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Marangoci N, Ardeleanu R, Ursu L, Ibanescu C, Danu M, Pinteala M, Simionescu BC. Polysiloxane ionic liquids as good solvents for β-cyclodextrin-polydimethylsiloxane polyrotaxane structures. Beilstein J Org Chem 2012; 8:1610-8. [PMID: 23209493 PMCID: PMC3510993 DOI: 10.3762/bjoc.8.184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2012] [Accepted: 08/17/2012] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
An ionic liquid based on polydimethylsiloxane with imidazolium salt brushes was synthesized as a good solvent for β-cyclodextrin-polydimethylsiloxane rotaxane. As expected the PDMS-Im/Br ionic liquid had a liquid-like non-Newtonian behavior with rheological parameters dependent on frequency and temperature. The addition of rotaxane to the ionic liquid strengthened the non-Newtonian character of the sample and a type of stable liquid-like network was formed due to the contribution of weak ionic interactions. The structure is stable in the 20 to 80 °C domain as proved by the oscillatory and rotational rheological tests.
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Affiliation(s)
- Narcisa Marangoci
- Centre of Advanced Research in Bionanoconjugates and Biopolymers, "Petru Poni" Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, 700487 Iasi, Romania
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13
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Farcas A, Resmerita AM, Stefanache A, Balan M, Harabagiu V. Synthesis and characterization of low-molecular-weight π-conjugated polymers covered by persilylated β-cyclodextrin. Beilstein J Org Chem 2012; 8:1505-14. [PMID: 23019485 PMCID: PMC3458775 DOI: 10.3762/bjoc.8.170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2012] [Accepted: 08/13/2012] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The paper reports the preparation of a poly[2,7-(9,9-dioctylfluorene)-alt-5,5'-bithiophene/PS-βCD] (PDOF-BTc) polyrotaxane copolymer, through a Suzuki coupling reaction between the 5,5'-dibromo-2,2'-bithiophene (BT) inclusion complex with persilylated β-cyclodextrin (PS-βCD), and 9,9-dioctylfluorene-2,7-bis(trimethylene borate) (DOF) as the blocking group. The chemical structure and the thermal and morphological properties of the resulting polyrotaxane were investigated by using NMR and FT-IR spectroscopy, TGA, DSC and AFM analysis. The encapsulation of BT inside the PS-βCD cavity results in improvements in the solubility, as well as in different surface morphology and thermal properties of the PDOF-BTc rotaxane copolymer compared to its noncomplexed PDOF-BT homologue. In contrast, the number-average molecular weight (Mn) of PDOF-BTc rotaxane copolymer indicated lower values suggesting that the condensation reaction is subjected to steric effects of the bulkier silylated groups, affecting the ability of the diborate groups from the DOF molecule to partially penetrate the PS-βCD cavity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aurica Farcas
- Inorganic Polymers, ''Petru Poni'' Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, Grigore Ghica Voda Alley, 700487-Iasi, Romania
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Wu J, Leung KCF, Stoddart JF. Efficient production of [n]rotaxanes by using template-directed clipping reactions. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2007; 104:17266-71. [PMID: 17947382 PMCID: PMC2077244 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.0705847104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2007] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
In this article, we report on the efficient synthesis of well defined, homogeneous [n]rotaxanes (n up to 11) by a template-directed thermodynamic clipping approach. By employing dynamic covalent chemistry in the form of reversible imine bond formation, [n]rotaxanes with dialkylammonium ion (-CH(2)NH(2)(+)CH(2)-) recognition sites, encircled by [24]crown-8 rings, were prepared by a thermodynamically controlled, template-directed clipping procedure, that is, by mixing together a dumbbell compound containing a discrete number of CH(2)NH(2)(+)CH(2)- ion centers with appropriate amounts of a dialdehyde and a diamine to facilitate the [n]rotaxane formation. A 21-component self-assembly process is operative during the formation of the [11]rotaxane. The oligomeric dumbbells containing CH(2)NH(2)(+)CH(2)- ion recognition sites were prepared by a stepwise protocol. Several of the dynamic [n]rotaxanes were converted into their kinetically stable counterparts, first by reduction ("fixing") of imine bonds with the BH(3).THF complex, then by protonation of the complex by addition of acid.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jishan Wu
- California NanoSystems Institute and Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, 405 Hilgard Avenue, Los Angeles, CA 90095
| | - Ken Cham-Fai Leung
- California NanoSystems Institute and Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, 405 Hilgard Avenue, Los Angeles, CA 90095
| | - J. Fraser Stoddart
- California NanoSystems Institute and Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, 405 Hilgard Avenue, Los Angeles, CA 90095
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