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Qian J, Wang N, Ren W, Zhang R, Hong X, Chen L, Zhang K, Shu Y, Hu N, Yang Y. Molecular Dissection Unveiling Dwarfing Effects of Plant Growth Retardants on Pomegranate. Front Plant Sci 2022; 13:866193. [PMID: 35360308 PMCID: PMC8961278 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.866193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2022] [Accepted: 02/14/2022] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Dwarfed stature is a desired trait for modern orchard production systems. One effective strategy for dwarfing cultivation is exogenously applying plant growth retardants (PGRs) to plants. However, for many economic fruit trees, the current knowledge on the regulatory mechanisms underlying the dwarfing effect of PGRs is limited, which largely restricts the agricultural application of PGRs. In this study, we exogenously applied three kinds of PGRs [paclobutrazol, daminozide (B9), and mannitol] to the seedlings of pomegranate (Punica granatum L.) and performed comparative transcriptome analysis to elucidate the molecular features of PGR-induced dwarfing in pomegranates. Our results showed that all the three PGRs could significantly suppress plant growth of pomegranate. The inhibition of auxin biosynthetic processes, as well as auxin-mediated shoot development, may be considered as the main reason for the dwarfing. Besides that, different PGRs were also found to induce dwarfing via specific mechanisms, for example, cellular response to strigolactone was particularly suppressed by the application of paclobutrazol, while the level of carbohydrate homeostasis and metabolism were downregulated in conditions of either B9 or mannitol treatments. Furthermore, exogenous PGR application was supposed to cause adverse impacts on the normal physiological process of pomegranate seedlings, which may bring extra burden to pomegranate plants. These novel findings unveiled the genetic basis underlying the dwarfing in pomegranates, which provides deeper insights into PGR-mediated dwarfing cultivation of pomegranates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingjing Qian
- College of Agriculture, Anhui Science and Technology University, Fengyang, China
| | - Ning Wang
- College of Agriculture, Anhui Science and Technology University, Fengyang, China
| | - Wenxu Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Ecology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Rufan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Science, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiyao Hong
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lingyue Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Ecology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Kaijing Zhang
- College of Agriculture, Anhui Science and Technology University, Fengyang, China
| | - Yingjie Shu
- College of Agriculture, Anhui Science and Technology University, Fengyang, China
| | - Nengbing Hu
- College of Agriculture, Anhui Science and Technology University, Fengyang, China
| | - Yuchen Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Ecology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
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Xie R, Wu B, Dou H, Liu C, Knox GW, Qin H, Gu M. Feeding Preference of Crapemyrtle Bark Scale ( Acanthococcus lagerstroemiae) on Different Species. Insects 2020; 11:E399. [PMID: 32605244 PMCID: PMC7412028 DOI: 10.3390/insects11070399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2020] [Revised: 06/23/2020] [Accepted: 06/25/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Crapemyrtle bark scale (CMBS; Acanthococcus lagerstroemiae) is an exotic pest species that causes aesthetic and economic damage to crapemyrtles and poses potential threats to other horticultural crops in the United States. Although previous studies reported the infestation of CMBS on several alternative hosts across multiple families in Asia, its potential threats to other documented alternative hosts remain elusive and yet to be confirmed. In this study, feeding preference studies of CMBS were conducted on forty-nine plant species and cultivars in 2016 and 2019, in order to gain insight into the expansion of CMBS distribution in the United States, as well as other regions of the world. The infestations of CMBS were confirmed on apple (Malus domestica), Chaenomeles speciosa, Disopyros rhombifolia, Heimia salicifolia, Lagerstroemia 'Spiced Plum', M. angustifolia, and twelve out of thirty-five pomegranate cultivars. However, the levels of CMBS infestation on these test plant hosts in this study is very low compared to Lagerstroemia, and may not cause significant damage. No sign of CMBS infestation was observed on Rubus 'Arapaho', R. 'Navaho', R. idaeus 'Dorman Red', R. fruticosus, B. microphylla var. koreana × B. sempervirens, B. harlandii, or D. virginiana.
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Affiliation(s)
- Runshi Xie
- Department of Horticultural Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA; (R.X.); (B.W.); (H.D.)
| | - Bin Wu
- Department of Horticultural Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA; (R.X.); (B.W.); (H.D.)
| | - Haijie Dou
- Department of Horticultural Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA; (R.X.); (B.W.); (H.D.)
- Department of Science & Technology Development, Beijing Industrial Technology Research Institute, No.5, Xingguang 4th Ave, Tongzhou District, Beijing 101111, China
| | - Cuiyu Liu
- College of Forestry, Nanjing Forestry University, 159 Longpan Rd., Nanjing 210037, China;
| | - Gary W. Knox
- Department of Environmental Horticulture, University of Florida/IFAS North Florida Research and Education Center, Quincy, FL 32351, USA;
| | - Hongmin Qin
- Department of Biology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77840, USA
| | - Mengmeng Gu
- Department of Horticultural Sciences, Texas A&M AgriLife Extension Service, College Station, TX 77843, USA
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Silva FSB, Silva FA. A low cost alternative, using mycorrhiza and organic fertilizer, to optimize the production of foliar bioactive compounds in pomegranates. J Appl Microbiol 2019; 128:513-517. [PMID: 31587491 DOI: 10.1111/jam.14477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2019] [Revised: 09/27/2019] [Accepted: 09/29/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
AIM To select the best combination of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi and efficient vermicompost dose in maximizing the production of leaf metabolites in Punica granatum seedlings. METHODS AND RESULTS The experimental design was in a 3 × 3 factorial arrangement: three inoculation treatments (inoculated with Gigaspora albida, inoculated with Acaulospora longula and control not inoculated) × 3 doses of vermicompost (0, 5 and 7·5%). After 120 days of inoculation, biomolecules, plant growth parameters and mycorrhizal colonization were evaluated. The combination of 7·5% of vermicompost and A. longula was favourable to the accumulation of leaf phenols, with an increase of 116·11% in relation to the non-inoculated control. The total tannins was optimized/enhanced when G. albida and 7·5% of fertilizer were used, registering an increase of 276·71%. CONCLUSIONS The application of 7·5% of vermicompost associated with A. longula and G. albida is a low cost alternative to increase the levels of bioactive compounds in pomegranate leaves. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY This is the first published report of optimization of bioactive compound production in P. granatum by the combined use of mycorrhiza and vermicompost doses.
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Affiliation(s)
- F S B Silva
- Laboratório de Análises, Pesquisas e Estudos em Micorrizas, Centro de Pesquisas do Instituto de Ciências Biológicas/Universidade de Pernambuco e Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Celular e Molecular Aplicada- ICB/UPE, Santo Amaro - Recife, Brasil
| | - F A Silva
- Laboratório de Tecnologia Micorrízica, Universidade de Pernambuco, Petrolina, Brasil
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Braidy N, Essa MM, Poljak A, Selvaraju S, Al-Adawi S, Manivasagm T, Thenmozhi AJ, Ooi L, Sachdev P, Guillemin GJ. Consumption of pomegranates improves synaptic function in a transgenic mice model of Alzheimer's disease. Oncotarget 2018; 7:64589-64604. [PMID: 27486879 PMCID: PMC5323101 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.10905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2016] [Accepted: 06/17/2016] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's Disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder characterized by extracellular plaques containing abnormal Amyloid Beta (Aβ) aggregates, intracellular neurofibrillary tangles containing hyperphosphorylated tau protein, microglia-dominated neuroinflammation, and impairments in synaptic plasticity underlying cognitive deficits. Therapeutic strategies for the treatment of AD are currently limited. In this study, we investigated the effects of dietary supplementation of 4% pomegranate extract to a standard chow diet on neuroinflammation, and synaptic plasticity in APPsw/Tg2576 mice brain. Treatment with a custom mixed diet (pellets) containing 4% pomegranate for 15 months ameliorated the loss of synaptic structure proteins, namely PSD-95, Munc18-1, and SNAP25, synaptophysin, phosphorylation of Calcium/Calmodulin Dependent Protein Kinase IIα (p-CaMKIIα/ CaMKIIα), and phosphorylation of Cyclic AMP-Response Element Binding Protein (pCREB/CREB), inhibited neuroinflammatory activity, and enhanced autophagy, and activation of the phophoinositide-3-kinase-Akt-mammalian target of rapamycin signaling pathway. These neuroprotective effects were associated with reduced β-site cleavage of Amyloid Precursor Protein in APPsw/Tg2576 mice. Therefore, long-term supplementation with pomegranates can attenuate AD pathology by reducing inflammation, and altering APP-dependent processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nady Braidy
- Centre for Healthy Brain Ageing, School of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Musthafa Mohamed Essa
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, College of Agricultural and Marine Sciences, Sultan Qaboos University, Al Khoudh, Oman.,Ageing and Dementia Research Group, Sultan Qaboos University, Al Khoudh, Oman
| | - Anne Poljak
- Centre for Healthy Brain Ageing, School of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia.,College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Sultan Qaboos University, Al Khoudh, Oman
| | - Subash Selvaraju
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, College of Agricultural and Marine Sciences, Sultan Qaboos University, Al Khoudh, Oman.,Ageing and Dementia Research Group, Sultan Qaboos University, Al Khoudh, Oman
| | - Samir Al-Adawi
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, College of Agricultural and Marine Sciences, Sultan Qaboos University, Al Khoudh, Oman.,College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Sultan Qaboos University, Al Khoudh, Oman
| | | | | | - Lezanne Ooi
- Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute, University of Wollongong, NSW, Australia
| | - Perminder Sachdev
- Centre for Healthy Brain Ageing, School of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia.,Neuropsychiatric Institute, The Prince of Wales Hospital, Sydney, Australia
| | - Gilles J Guillemin
- Neuroinflammation Group, MND and Neurodegenerative Diseases Research Centre, Macquarie University, NSW, Australia
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Abstract
In accordance with Article 6 of Regulation (EC) No 396/2005, Bayer SAS CropScience submitted an application to the competent national authority in Austria to modify the maximum residue levels (MRLs) for the active substance spirotetramat in pomegranates and various vegetables. On the basis of the Austrian evaluation report, EFSA concluded that for chicory roots and the crops belonging to the group of other root and tuber vegetables (except sugar beets) the data submitted in support of the MRL application are compliant with the data requirements; for pomegranate, a data gap was identified as regards the storage stability of residue trials. Adequate analytical enforcement methods are available to control the residues of spirotetramat in the plant matrices under consideration. Based on the risk assessment results, EFSA concluded that the proposed uses of spirotetramat on the crops under consideration will not result in a consumer exposure exceeding the toxicological reference values and therefore are unlikely to pose a consumer health risk.
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Abstract
The treatment based on plant or plant derivatives is a promising strategy in the killing of cancers cells. Moreover, wide-ranging finding has established that medicinal plant and its ingredient modulate several cells signaling pathways or inhibiting the carcinogenesis process. In this vista, pomegranates fruits, seeds and peels illustrate cancer preventive role seems to be due to rich source of antioxidant and other valuable ingredients. Furthermore, anti-tumour activities of pomegranates have been evidences through the modulation of cell signaling pathways including transcription factor, apoptosis and angiogenesis. In this review article, anti-tumor activity of pomegranates and its components or its different type of extracts are described to understand the mechanism of action of pomegranates in cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arshad H Rahmani
- Department of Medical Laboratories, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Qassim University, Buraydah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed A Alsahli
- Department of Medical Laboratories, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Qassim University, Buraydah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Saleh A Almatroodi
- Department of Medical Laboratories, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Qassim University, Buraydah, Saudi Arabia
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Braidy N, Subash S, Essa MM, Vaishnav R, Al-Adawi S, Al-Asmi A, Al-Senawi H, Alobaidy AAR, Lakhtakia R, Guillemin GJ. Neuroprotective Effects of a Variety of Pomegranate Juice Extracts (PJE) Against the Excitotoxin Quinolinic Acid in Human Primary Neurons. J Prev Alzheimers Dis 2014; 1:84-90. [PMID: 29255836 DOI: 10.14283/jpad.2014.3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Quinolinic acid (QUIN) excitotoxicity is mediated by elevated intracellular Ca2+ levels, and nitric oxide (NO•) mediated oxidative stress leading to DNA damage, and cell death due to energy restriction. METHODS We evaluated the effect of a series of pomegranate juice extracts (PJE), Helow, Malasi, Qusum, and Hamedh, with antioxidant properties on QUIN induced excitotoxicity on primary cultures of human neurons. RESULTS We showed that Helow and Malasi can attenuate QUIN-induced excitotoxicity to a greater extent than Qusum and Hamedh from Oman. Similarly, both Helow and Malasi were able to attenuate QUIN-induced Ca2+ influx and nNOS activity to a greater extent compared to Qusum, and Hamedh. All extracts reduced the oxidative effects of increased NO• production, and hence preventing NAD+ depletion and cell death. CONCLUSION In addition to the well-known antioxidant properties of these natural phytochemicals, the inhibitory effect of some of these compounds on specific excitotoxic processes such as calcium influx provides additional evidence for the beneficial health effects of PJE in excitable tissue, particularly within the CNS.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Braidy
- G.J. Guillemin, Neuroinflammation group MND and Neurodegenerative diseases Research Group, Australian School of Advanced Medicine (ASAM), Macquarie University, NSW, 2109 Australia. Tel.: +61 02 9850 2727; fax: +61 02 9850 2701. E-mail address:
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