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Nguyen TTP, Rencz F, Brodszky V. Subjective well-being population norms and inequalities in Hungary: a large cross-sectional, internet-based survey. Value Health 2024:S1098-3015(24)02337-4. [PMID: 38641059 DOI: 10.1016/j.jval.2024.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2023] [Revised: 03/27/2024] [Accepted: 04/08/2024] [Indexed: 04/21/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study aims to provide subjective well-being (SWB) population norms in Hungary and explore the contribution of explanatory factors of SWB inequality among the Hungarian adult general population. METHODS The data originated from a large representative internet-based cross-sectional survey in Hungary, which was conducted in 2020. We applied validated multi-item instruments for measuring SWB, namely SWLS and WHO-5. Multiple linear regressions were employed to examine the relationship between demographic-socioeconomic-health status and both well-being instruments. The concentration index (CI) was used to measure the degree of income-related inequality in well-being. RESULTS A total of 2,001 respondents were enrolled with the means ± SD WHO-5 scores and SWLS scores of 0.51 ± 0.21 and 0.51 ± 0.23, respectively. Higher household income, higher educational level, better general health status, and absence of chronic morbidity were significant positive predictors for both WHO-5 and SWLS scores. The CI of WHO-5 scores was lower than that of SWLS scores in the total sample (0.0480 vs. 0.0861) and in subgroups by gender (male: 0.0584 vs. 0.1035, female: 0.0302 vs. 0.0726). The positive CI values implied a slight pro-rich SWB inequality in this population. The regression analyses showed a positive association of SWB with having a higher household income and a better general health status. CONCLUSIONS This is the first representative study in Hungary to compare population norm of two well-being instruments and analyze well-being inequality. Slight pro-rich inequality was found consistently with both SWB measures. Our findings support the need for health and social policies that effectively tackle inequalities in Hungary.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thao T P Nguyen
- Institute for Community Health Research, Hue University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Hue University, Hue City, Thua Thien Hue province, Vietnam
| | - Fanni Rencz
- Department of Health Economics, Corvinus University of Budapest, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Valentin Brodszky
- Department of Health Policy, Corvinus University of Budapest, Budapest, Hungary.
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Mousavi A, Sari AA, Daastari F, Daroudi R. Health-related quality of life measured using the EQ-5D-3L: iranian population norms. Expert Rev Pharmacoecon Outcomes Res 2024:1-9. [PMID: 38450671 DOI: 10.1080/14737167.2024.2328061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2023] [Accepted: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 03/08/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Normative values are valuable for comparing a specific population with the general population, making them particularly useful in disease burden studies and cost-effectiveness analysis. The objective of this study was to estimate HRQoL normative values for the EQ-5D measure in Iran. METHODS The analysis was performed using a sample (n = 27,704) of the Iranian adult population, which was extracted from a nationwide survey conducted in 2021. Participants assessed their health-related quality of life using the EQ-5D-3 L instrument and a visual analogue scale (EQ VAS). Multivariable regression analyses were performed to examine the relationships between utility scores, EQ VAS scores, and various socio-demographic factors. RESULTS The mean utility and EQ VAS scores of the total sample were 0.87 (95% CI: 0.86, 0.88) and 72.9 (95% CI: 72.7, 73.1), respectively. Almost half of the respondents (46.8%) reported a health state without any problems. The most prevalent problems were pain/discomfort (38.3%) and anxiety/depression (35.2%). Furthermore, EQ-5D values and EQ VAS scores were associated with gender, age, employment status, education level, marital status, and chronic illness. CONCLUSIONS This study provided normative values for the general population in Iran. Policymakers and researchers can use these values as a reference for population norms in economic assessments and studies focusing on the population's health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdoreza Mousavi
- National Center for Health Insurance Research, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Health Management, Policy and Economics, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ali Akbari Sari
- Department of Health Management, Policy and Economics, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fakhraddin Daastari
- Department of Health Management, Policy and Economics, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Rajabali Daroudi
- Department of Health Management, Policy and Economics, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Buchholz I, Janssen MF. EQ-5D-3L Norms for the European Older Population: Country-Specific Norms for 15 European Countires Based on the Survey of Health, Ageing, and Retirement in Europe. Value Health 2023; 26:721-732. [PMID: 36396535 DOI: 10.1016/j.jval.2022.09.2478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2022] [Revised: 08/11/2022] [Accepted: 09/29/2022] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study presents a country-specific 3-level version of EQ-5D population norms for the European older population. METHODS Norm data were obtained from the fourth wave of the Survey of Health, Ageing and Retirement in Europe, and determined, for each EQ-5D dimension, the EQ-visual analog scale (EQ-VAS) and EQ-5D index values by 7 age groups and sex for 15 European countries. The EQ-5D index values were calculated using the European VAS value set for all countries. RESULTS Data resulting from 50 013 older respondents (mean age 65.9 years, range 50-111 years, 55.6% women) revealed an increasing number of self-reported health problems on EQ-5D dimensions and decreasing EQ-VAS scores with increasing age and for women compared with men. There are notable differences between countries in terms of the age gradient, the proportion of respondents in full health, and sex. Across all age groups, problems with pain & discomfort are the most frequent (36%-73% any problems), whereas problems with self-care are the least frequent (3%-31% any problems). The mean EQ-VAS score is 71.2 and the mean European VAS score is 0.79. CONCLUSIONS Given the growing number of older adults and elderly people in Europe, these population norms provide a valuable source of reference data that can be used to compare older adults or patient subgroups to the average of the general elderly population in a similar age or sex group in 15 European countries. The index value results may be further used to assess the burden of disease across older European populations and to identify the unmet needs of targeted older patient populations.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mathieu F Janssen
- Department of Medical Psychology and Psychotherapy Erasmus MC, Erasmus University, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
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Abstract
AIMS The aims of this study were to provide Danish population norms for the EQ-5D-5L and to assess the measurement properties of the instrument in a Danish population setting. METHODS We used data from the Danish 5L valuation study in which a representative sample of the Danish population completed the EQ-5D-5L and answered socio-demographic questions. We generated population norms for the five EQ-5D-5L dimensions, corresponding utility scores and the EQ-5D visual analogue scale (EQ VAS) according to age and sex. Measurement properties of ceiling effects, known-group construct validity and convergent validity were assessed. RESULTS The mean EQ-5D-5L utility score for the 1014 respondents completing the EQ-5D-5L was 0.90 (standard deviation (SD)=0.16). No significant differences emerged across age groups (minimum mean utility score=0.88 (SD=0.19); maximum mean utility score=0.93 (SD=0.11)) or sex (mean utility score for women=0.89 (SD=0.17); mean utility score for men=0.91 (SD=0.15)). Statistical differences were found across educational level, occupational status, income and living situation. Similar patterns were observed for the EQ VAS. Generally, respondents most often reported problems with pain and discomfort, but young women most often reported problems with anxiety/depression. There was a significant strong correlation between EQ-5D-5L utility and the EQ VAS and a significant correlation between overall health and each of the five EQ-5D-5L dimensions. The overall ceiling effect for the EQ-5D-5L was 39% (compared to 56% for the EQ-5D-3L). CONCLUSIONS
Danish population norms for the EQ-5D-5L are now available. We found fewer ceiling effects for the EQ-5D-5L compared to the EQ-5D-3L, and we provide evidence for convergent and known-group validity of the EQ-5D-5L.
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Affiliation(s)
- Morten B. Jensen
- Danish Center for Healthcare
Improvements, Faculty of Social Sciences and Faculty of Health Sciences, Aalborg
University, Denmark,Department of Economics and Business
Economics, Aarhus University, Denmark,Morten B. Jensen, Aarhus University,
Fuglesangs Alle 4, DK8210 Aarhus V, Denmark. E-mail:
| | - Cathrine E. Jensen
- Danish Center for Healthcare
Improvements, Faculty of Social Sciences and Faculty of Health Sciences, Aalborg
University, Denmark
| | - Claire Gudex
- Department of Clinical Research,
University of Southern Denmark and OPEN, Open Patient data Explorative Network,
Odense University Hospital, Denmark
| | - Kjeld M. Pedersen
- Danish Center for Healthcare
Improvements, Faculty of Social Sciences and Faculty of Health Sciences, Aalborg
University, Denmark,Department of Economics, University of
Southern Denmark, Denmark
| | - Sabrina S. Sørensen
- Danish Center for Healthcare
Improvements, Faculty of Social Sciences and Faculty of Health Sciences, Aalborg
University, Denmark
| | - Lars H. Ehlers
- Danish Center for Healthcare
Improvements, Faculty of Social Sciences and Faculty of Health Sciences, Aalborg
University, Denmark
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Zagrebneva AI, Luchinin EA, Smirnova AV, Mitrofanova VI, Holownia-Voloskova ME. [ASSESSMENT OF THE QUALITY OF LIFE OF PATIENTS WITH RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS IN COMPARISON WITH POPULATION NORMS IN MOSCOW]. Probl Sotsialnoi Gig Zdravookhranenniiai Istor Med 2022; 30:1004-1009. [PMID: 36385065 DOI: 10.32687/0869-866x-2022-30-s1-1004-1009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The article is a comparative analysis of the quality of life indicators of patients with rheumatoid arthritis with similar indicators in the Moscow population. We conducted a survey of patients in the register of rheumatoid patients in Moscow using the EQ-5D-5L questionnaire and the EQ-VAS visual analog scale. The population of patients with rheumatoid arthritis, in accordance with the recommendations of EuroQoL, was divided into 6 age and sex groups. The responses of patients from each age and sex group were compared with similar groups of respondents in the Moscow population. Key differences in the quality of life of rheumatoid patients were identified in comparison with both the population norm in Moscow and similar foreign registries.
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Affiliation(s)
- A I Zagrebneva
- Research Institute for Healthcare Organization and Medical Management of Moscow Healthcare Department
- N. I. Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University
- City Clinical Hospital No. 52 of the Moscow Health Department
| | - E A Luchinin
- Research Institute for Healthcare Organization and Medical Management of Moscow Healthcare Department
- V. I. Razumovsky Saratov State Medical University
| | - A V Smirnova
- Research Institute for Healthcare Organization and Medical Management of Moscow Healthcare Department
| | | | - M E Holownia-Voloskova
- Research Institute for Healthcare Organization and Medical Management of Moscow Healthcare Department
- Medical University of Warsaw
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Jyani G, Sharma A, Prinja S, Kar SS, Trivedi M, Patro BK, Goyal A, Purba FD, Finch AP, Rajsekar K, Raman S, Stolk E, Kaur M. Development of an EQ-5D Value Set for India Using an Extended Design (DEVINE) Study: The Indian 5-Level Version EQ-5D Value Set. Value Health 2022; 25:1218-1226. [PMID: 35779943 DOI: 10.1016/j.jval.2021.11.1370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2021] [Revised: 10/27/2021] [Accepted: 11/22/2021] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study aimed to develop the Indian 5-level version EQ-5D (EQ-5D-5L) value set, which is a key input in health technology assessment for resource allocation in healthcare. METHODS A cross-sectional survey using the EuroQol Group's Valuation Technology was undertaken in a representative sample of 3548 adult respondents, selected from 5 different states of India using a multistage stratified random sampling technique. The participants were interviewed using a computer-assisted personal interviewing technique. This study adopted a novel extended EuroQol Group's Valuation Technology design that included 18 blocks of 10 composite time trade-off (c-TTO) tasks, comprising 150 unique health states, and 36 blocks of 7 discrete choice experiment (DCE) tasks, comprising 252 DCE pairs. Different models were explored for their predictive performance. Hybrid modeling approach using both c-TTO and DCE data was used to estimate the value set. RESULTS A total of 2409 interviews were included in the analysis. The hybrid heteroscedastic model with censoring at -1 combining c-TTO and DCE data yielded the most consistent results and was used for the generation of the value set. The predicted values for all 3125 health states ranged from -0.923 to 1. The preference values were most affected by the pain/discomfort dimension. CONCLUSIONS This is the largest EQ-5D-5L valuation study conducted so far in the world. The Indian EQ-5D-5L value set will promote the effective conduct of health technology assessment studies in India, thereby generating credible evidence for efficient resource use in healthcare.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaurav Jyani
- Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Atul Sharma
- Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Shankar Prinja
- Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India.
| | - Sitanshu Sekhar Kar
- Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research, Puducherry, India
| | - Mayur Trivedi
- Indian Institute of Public Health, Gandhinagar, India
| | | | - Aarti Goyal
- Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Fredrick Dermawan Purba
- Department of Developmental Psychology, Faculty of Psychology, Universitas Padjadjaran, Indonesia
| | | | - Kavitha Rajsekar
- Indian Council of Medical Research, Department of Health Research, Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, Government of India, New Delhi, India
| | - Swati Raman
- Academy of Management Studies, Lucknow, India
| | - Elly Stolk
- EuroQol Research Foundation, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Manmeet Kaur
- Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
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Sullivan T, Turner RM, Derrett S, Hansen P. New Zealand Population Norms for the EQ-5D-5L Constructed From the Personal Value Sets of Participants in a National Survey. Value Health 2021; 24:1308-1318. [PMID: 34452711 DOI: 10.1016/j.jval.2021.04.1280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2020] [Revised: 03/10/2021] [Accepted: 04/05/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To derive New Zealand (NZ) population norms for the EQ-5D-5L and to examine the association between participants' sociodemographic characteristics and their health-related quality of life. METHODS Data from the 2018 NZ EQ-5D-5L valuation study (n = 2468) were used. Each participant's 5-digit profile was converted to a single utility value using their personal value set. The profiles, mean utility values, and mean EuroQol visual analog scale (EQ-VAS) scores were summarized by dimension and disaggregated by age group and gender. Multivariable logistic and Tobit regressions were used to investigate the association between participants' sociodemographic characteristics and the EQ-5D-5L dimensions, utility values, and EQ-VAS scores. RESULTS The mean utility value was 0.847 and the mean EQ-VAS score was 74.8. Of the 3125 possible EQ-5D-5L profiles, 25 profiles represented the current health status of the majority of participants (78%). The odds of having problems with anxiety or depression was greatest for people aged 18 to 24 years and decreased with age. People with a long-term disability or chronic illness had greater odds of problems on all dimensions and lower (poorer) utility values and EQ-VAS scores. Age, ethnicity, employment status, long-term disability, and chronic illness were associated with utility. CONCLUSION EQ-5D-5L population norms were derived for the NZ population using the personal value sets of 2468 participants. Consistent with other countries' population norms, EQ-5D-5L utility values and EQ-VAS scores were associated with age, employment status, long-term disability, and chronic illness. These norms will support resource allocation decision making and help in understanding the health-related quality of life of the NZ population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Trudy Sullivan
- Department of Preventive and Social Medicine, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand.
| | - Robin M Turner
- Biostatistics Centre, Division of Health Sciences, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Sarah Derrett
- Department of Preventive and Social Medicine, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Paul Hansen
- Department of Economics, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
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Shiroiwa T, Noto S, Fukuda T. Japanese Population Norms of EQ-5D-5L and Health Utilities Index Mark 3: Disutility Catalog by Disease and Symptom in Community Settings. Value Health 2021; 24:1193-1202. [PMID: 34372985 DOI: 10.1016/j.jval.2021.03.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2020] [Revised: 03/03/2021] [Accepted: 03/07/2021] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study aimed to establish the Japanese population norms of the EQ-5D-5L and Health Utilities Index Mark 3 (HUI3) and estimate the disutility associated with diseases and symptoms. METHODS We performed a door-to-door survey of the general population by random sampling. The planned sample size was 10 000 residents (age ≥16 years) of 334 districts in Japan. In addition to the EQ-5D-5L and HUI3 questionnaires, questions regarding demographic factors and self-reported main diseases and symptoms were asked. The EQ-5D-5L and HUI3 responses were converted to index values on the basis of Japanese value sets. Summary values by age and sex were calculated to obtain Japanese normative values. A multiple linear model was used to examine relationships between these values and diseases and symptoms. RESULTS We collected 10 183 responses from 334 districts. The mean EQ-5D-5L index values were 0.821 (male) and 0.774 (female) in the age group of 80 to 89 years, which were lower compared with 0.978 (male) and 0.967 (female) in the age group of 16 to 19 years. Similar trends were observed for the HUI3 values. Age, sex, household income, and education level had a significant influence on the values of both instruments. When measured with the EQ-5D-5L, Parkinson disease, dementia, and stroke were associated with the largest disutility (>0.2), and the disutility for depression was approximately 0.18. In contrast, the HUI3 disutility values for Parkinson disease and dementia were approximately 0.4. CONCLUSIONS This study established the Japanese population norms of the EQ-5D-5L and HUI3, which can be used in healthcare decision making and contribute to a more reliable analysis of economic evaluations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takeru Shiroiwa
- Center for Outcomes Research and Economic Evaluation for Health, National Institute of Public Health, Wako, Saitama, Japan.
| | - Shinichi Noto
- Department of Health Sciences, Niigata University of Health and Welfare, Kita-ku, Niigata, Japan
| | - Takashi Fukuda
- Center for Outcomes Research and Economic Evaluation for Health, National Institute of Public Health, Wako, Saitama, Japan
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Prevolnik Rupel V, Slabe-Erker R, Divjak M. Comparing Quality of Life of General Population and Orthopedic Patients in Slovenia. Value Health Reg Issues 2020; 22:93-8. [PMID: 32823061 DOI: 10.1016/j.vhri.2020.07.575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2019] [Revised: 07/11/2020] [Accepted: 07/20/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To our knowledge this is the first study presenting descriptive EQ-5D health profile and VAS scores for orthopedic patients in Slovenia. Furthermore, EQ-5D-3L population norms for Slovenia are presented. The aims of this study are (1) to provide population norms for EQ-5D-3L in Slovenia according to age and sex and (2) to compare different groups of orthopaedic patients' health state among themselves as well as to the general population. METHODS Data on orthopedic patients' preoperative health status assessment were recorded (n = 1118). The health status of 4 groups of orthopedic patients was analyzed and compared using EQ VAS and the EQ-5D descriptive profile. The results were compared with Slovenian population norms, which were calculated using the EQ-5D valuation set database from year 2000 (n = 708). RESULTS As expected, a higher proportion of patients than the general population report problems on all dimensions. The opposite is true only for mobility and anxiety/depression dimension for shoulder surgery patients. Hip endoscopy patients have the lowest health-related quality of life (HRQoL) out of all patient groups using EQ VAS and EQ-5D descriptive profiles. CONCLUSION The population norms presented will be useful for many researchers trying to compare HRQoL among various patient groups or the general population. Separate use of the descriptive profile of the EQ-5D is informative when assessing HRQoL in orthopedic patients and is in line with VAS values. The results can support further studies on health needs assessment as well as decisions on funds allocation among groups of orthopedic patients.
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Poder TG, Carrier N, Kouakou CRC. Quebec Health-Related Quality-of-Life Population Norms Using the EQ-5D-5L: Decomposition by Sociodemographic Data and Health Problems. Value Health 2020; 23:251-259. [PMID: 32113631 DOI: 10.1016/j.jval.2019.08.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2018] [Revised: 07/15/2019] [Accepted: 08/09/2019] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Population norms for the EQ-5D-5L were published in Canada but only for Alberta province. The purpose of this study was to derive Quebec population norms from the EQ-5D-5L. METHODS The data came from a larger study conducted between September 2016 and March 2018 using elicitation techniques for a quality-adjusted life-year project. The online survey was distributed randomly in the province of Quebec. To best describe the entire population, data were stratified by various sociodemographic characteristics such as age, gender, urban and rural populations, whether disadvantaged or not, immigrant or nonimmigrant, and health problems. RESULTS A total of 2704 (53.8%) respondents completed the EQ-5D-5L. Mean (95% confidence interval) and median (interquartile range) utility scores were 0.824 (0.818-0.829) and 0.867 (0.802-0.911), respectively. The EQ-VAS scores were estimated at 75.9 (75.2-76.6) and 80 (69-90). Subjects with lower scores were those who had a low or high body mass index; were smokers; were single, divorced, or widowed; had no children; were unemployed or sick; had lower education or lower annual income; and had a family or personal history of serious illness. Immigrants had higher scores. There was no difference in gender and urban or rural population. The score logically decreased with worsening health status, from a mean score of 0.896 (0.884-0.908) to 0.443 (0.384-0.501; P < .0001. Similar results were observed for subjects' satisfaction with their health or life. Subjects with lower scores were less willing to take risks. Subjects who declared they were affected by health problems presented significant lower utility scores, ranging from 0.554 (nervous problem) to 0.750 (cancer), compared with those without health problems (0.871; confidence interval: 0.867-0.876). CONCLUSION This is the first study to present utility score norms for EQ-5D-5L for the Quebec population. These results will be useful for comparison with quality-adjusted life-year studies to better interpret their results. Moreover, utility norms were provided for 21 health problems, which was rarely done.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas G Poder
- School of Public Health, University of Montreal, Montreal, QC, Canada; Centre de recherche de l'IUSMM, Montreal, QC, Canada; CRCHUS, CIUSSS de l'Estrie-CHUS, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada.
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Junghans BM, Khuu SK. Populations Norms for "SLURP"-An iPad App for Quantification of Visuomotor Coordination Testing. Front Neurosci 2019; 13:711. [PMID: 31354420 PMCID: PMC6636550 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2019.00711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2019] [Accepted: 06/24/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Currently the integrity of brain function that drives behavior is predominantly measured in terms of pure motor function, yet most human behavior is visually driven. A means of easily quantifying such visually-driven brain function for comparison against population norms is lacking. Analysis of eye-hand coordination (EHC) using a digital game-like situation with downloadable spatio-temporal details has potential for clinicians and researchers. A simplified protocol for the Lee-Ryan EHC (Slurp) Test app for iPad® has been developed to monitor EHC. The two subtests selected, each of six quickly completed items with appeal to all ages, were found equivalent in terms of total errors/time and sensitive to developmental and aging milestones known to affect EHC. The sensitivity of outcomes due to the type of stylus being used during testing was also explored. Populations norms on 221 participants aged 5 to 80+years are presented for each test item according to two commonly used stylus types. The Slurp app uses two-dimensional space and is suited to clinicians for pre/post-intervention testing and to researchers in psychological, medical, and educational domains who are interested in understanding brain function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara M Junghans
- School of Optometry and Vision Science, University of New South Wales Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Sieu K Khuu
- School of Optometry and Vision Science, University of New South Wales Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
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Søgaard R, Sørensen J. Health Care Costs attributable to Hospital-diagnosed Back Pain: A Longitudinal Register-based Study of the Danish Population. J Health Econ Outcomes Res 2014; 1:266-275. [PMID: 37662877 PMCID: PMC10471425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/05/2023]
Abstract
Background: Back pain is one of most frequent musculoskeletal conditions with enormous impact to health care systems and society. Analytical studies that guide the management of this disease are strongly needed, but there is a lack of cost estimates for the attributable cost of severe or chronic back pain in particular. Objective: The objective of this study was to estimate the health care costs attributable to hospitaldiagnosed back pain across strata of age-, gender- and diagnostic entity. Methods: All adult Danes (N=4.3 million) were included in this longitudinal, controlled register-based study. One-year prevalence was defined according to a previously published and validated algorithm, which was applied to the Danish national patient registry. Data from other relevant health service use registries was appended along with data from the national cause of death registry in order to calculate cost rates per life year (2011 price year). The attributable health care cost was defined as the absolute difference in cost rates between individuals with versus individuals without hospital-diagnosed back pain, whereas the ratio between the two groups was used for the reporting of reference values. Results: The health care costs attributable to hospital-diagnosed back pain were estimated at Danish Crowns (DKK) 22,700 per year for the youngest age strata (16-24 years) and increased up to DKK 72,700 per year for the oldest age strata of males (>85 years). Hospital admissions and outpatient visits accounted for the majority of these costs. The ratio of health care costs for individuals with versus individuals without the condition ranged from less than 1 to almost 6, depending on the type of service use, age and gender. Conclusion: At the disease stage where back pain leads to contact with specialised health care, diseased individuals appear to use on average three times more health care than non-diseased individuals. This study provides detailed reference values, which can be used to inform health economic models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rikke Søgaard
- CFK - Centre for Health Services Research (CAST), University of Southern Denmark, JB, Odense, Denmark
| | - Jan Sørensen
- CFK - Centre for Health Services Research (CAST), University of Southern Denmark, JB, Odense, Denmark
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