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Qiu Q, Lin Y, Ma Y, Li X, Liang J, Chen Z, Liu K, Huang Y, Luo H, Huang R, Luo L. Exploring the Emerging Role of the Gut Microbiota and Tumor Microenvironment in Cancer Immunotherapy. Front Immunol 2021; 11:612202. [PMID: 33488618 PMCID: PMC7817884 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.612202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2020] [Accepted: 11/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The tumor microenvironment (TME) is a complex ecosystem, which includes many different types of cells, abnormal vascular systems, and immunosuppressive cytokines. TME serves an important function in tumor tolerance and escapes from immune surveillance leading to tumor progression. Indeed, there is increasing evidence that gut microbiome is associated with cancer in a variety of ways, as specific microbial signatures are known to promote cancer development and influence safety, tolerability, and efficacy of therapies. Studies over the past five years have shown that the composition of the intestinal microbiota has a significant impact on the efficacy of anticancer immunosurveillance, which contribute to the therapeutic activity of cancer immunotherapies based on targeting cytotoxic T lymphocyte protein 4 (CTLA-4) or programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1)-programmed cell death 1 ligand 1 (PD-L1) axis. In this review, we mainly discuss the impact of TME on cancer and immunotherapy through immune-related mechanisms. We subsequently discuss the influence of gut microbiota and its metabolites on the host immune system and the formation of TME. In addition, this review also summarizes the latest research on the role of gut microbiota in cancer immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qin Qiu
- Graduate School, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Yuqi Lin
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety, College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yucui Ma
- The Marine Biomedical Research Institute, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Xiaoling Li
- Animal Experiment Center, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Juan Liang
- Graduate School, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Zhiyan Chen
- The First Clinical College, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Kaifeng Liu
- The First Clinical College, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Yuge Huang
- Department of Pediatrics, The Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Hui Luo
- The Marine Biomedical Research Institute, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Riming Huang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety, College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lianxiang Luo
- The Marine Biomedical Research Institute, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China.,The Marine Biomedical Research Institute of Guangdong Zhanjiang, Zhanjiang, China.,Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhanjiang), Zhanjiang, China
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