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Avila Cartes J, Bonizzoni P, Ciccolella S, Della Vedova G, Denti L, Didelot X, Monti D, Pirola Y. RecGraph: recombination-aware alignment of sequences to variation graphs. Bioinformatics 2024:btae292. [PMID: 38676570 DOI: 10.1093/bioinformatics/btae292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2023] [Revised: 02/23/2024] [Accepted: 04/25/2024] [Indexed: 04/29/2024]
Abstract
MOTIVATION Bacterial genomes present more variability than human genomes, which requires important adjustments in computational tools that are developed for human data. In particular, bacteria exhibit a mosaic structure due to homologous recombinations, but this fact is not sufficiently captured by standard read mappers that align against linear reference genomes. The recent introduction of pangenomics provides some insights in that context, as a pangenome graph can represent the variability within a species. However, the concept of sequence-to-graph alignment that captures the presence of recombinations has not been previously investigated. RESULTS In this paper, we present the extension of the notion of sequence-to-graph alignment to a variation graph that incorporates a recombination, so that the latter are explicitly represented and evaluated in an alignment. Moreover, we present a dynamic programming approach for the special case where there is at most a recombination-we implement this case as RecGraph. From a modeling point of view, a recombination corresponds to identifying a new path of the variation graph, where the new arc is composed of two halves, each extracted from an original path, possibly joined by a new arc. Our experiments show that RecGraph accurately aligns simulated recombinant bacterial sequences that have at most a recombination, providing evidence for the presence of recombination events. AVAILABILITY Our implementation is open source and available at https://github.com/AlgoLab/RecGraph. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorge Avila Cartes
- Department of Computer Science, Univ. of Milano-Bicocca, Milano, viale Sarca 336,20126, Milano, Italy
| | - Paola Bonizzoni
- Department of Computer Science, Univ. of Milano-Bicocca, Milano, viale Sarca 336,20126, Milano, Italy
| | - Simone Ciccolella
- Department of Computer Science, Univ. of Milano-Bicocca, Milano, viale Sarca 336,20126, Milano, Italy
| | - Gianluca Della Vedova
- Department of Computer Science, Univ. of Milano-Bicocca, Milano, viale Sarca 336,20126, Milano, Italy
| | - Luca Denti
- Department of Computer Science, Univ. of Milano-Bicocca, Milano, viale Sarca 336,20126, Milano, Italy
| | - Xavier Didelot
- School of Life Sciences, Univ. of Warwick, Gibbet Hill Road, CV47AL, Coventry, United Kingdom
| | - Davide Monti
- Department of Computer Science, Univ. of Milano-Bicocca, Milano, viale Sarca 336,20126, Milano, Italy
| | - Yuri Pirola
- Department of Computer Science, Univ. of Milano-Bicocca, Milano, viale Sarca 336,20126, Milano, Italy
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Li M, Li J, Kang L, Gong C, Luo M, Wang X, Guan X, Tong Y, Huang F. Genome sequencing reveals molecular epidemiological characteristics and new recombinations of adenovirus in Beijing, China, 2014-2019. J Med Virol 2023; 95:e29284. [PMID: 38087446 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.29284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2023] [Revised: 10/13/2023] [Accepted: 11/19/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023]
Abstract
To investigate the molecular epidemiological characteristics and genetic variations of human adenovirus (HAdV) in acute respiratory tract infections in Beijing. Whole-genome sequencing and phylogenetic analyses were performed for 83 strains of HAdV with different types in Beijing from 2014 to 2019. The clinical characteristics of HAdV infection were analyzed statistically. HAdV-B was divided into four genotypes, including B3 (n = 11), B7 (n = 13), B14 (n = 4), and B55 (n = 2). HAdV-C was divided into three genotypes, including C1 (n = 14), C2 (n = 13), and C5 (n = 10). In HAdV-C, nine recombinant adenovirus strains were identified in type 1, and seven recombinant strains were found in type 2. In type 1, we found three newly emerged intraspecific recombinant strains (A47, A48, and A52) collected in 2017, 2018, and 2019, respectively. In addition, the previously reported recombinant strains of HAdV-C1 showed more severe disease than other strains of HAdV-C, causing severe community-acquired pneumonia in both the elderly and children. Continuous population-wide molecular epidemiological surveillance of HAdV is essential for the prevention and control of respiratory infectious diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maozhong Li
- Beijing Center for Disease Control and Prevention/Beijing Academy for Preventive Medicine/Beijing Institute of Tuberculosis Control Research and Prevention, Institute for immunization and prevention, Beijing, China
- Beijing Research Center for Respiratory Infectious Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Jing Li
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Lu Kang
- Beijing Center for Disease Control and Prevention/Beijing Academy for Preventive Medicine/Beijing Institute of Tuberculosis Control Research and Prevention, Institute for immunization and prevention, Beijing, China
- Beijing Research Center for Respiratory Infectious Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Cheng Gong
- Beijing Center for Disease Control and Prevention/Beijing Academy for Preventive Medicine/Beijing Institute of Tuberculosis Control Research and Prevention, Institute for immunization and prevention, Beijing, China
- Beijing Research Center for Respiratory Infectious Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Ming Luo
- Beijing Center for Disease Control and Prevention/Beijing Academy for Preventive Medicine/Beijing Institute of Tuberculosis Control Research and Prevention, Institute for immunization and prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Xue Wang
- Beijing Center for Disease Control and Prevention/Beijing Academy for Preventive Medicine/Beijing Institute of Tuberculosis Control Research and Prevention, Institute for immunization and prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Xuejiao Guan
- Beijing Center for Disease Control and Prevention/Beijing Academy for Preventive Medicine/Beijing Institute of Tuberculosis Control Research and Prevention, Institute for immunization and prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Yigang Tong
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Fang Huang
- Beijing Center for Disease Control and Prevention/Beijing Academy for Preventive Medicine/Beijing Institute of Tuberculosis Control Research and Prevention, Institute for immunization and prevention, Beijing, China
- Beijing Research Center for Respiratory Infectious Diseases, Beijing, China
- College of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
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Mlaga KD, Garcia V, Colson P, Ruimy R, Rolain JM, Diene SM. Extensive Comparative Genomic Analysis of Enterococcus faecalis and Enterococcus faecium Reveals a Direct Association between the Absence of CRISPR-Cas Systems, the Presence of Anti-Endonuclease (ardA) and the Acquisition of Vancomycin Resistance in E. faecium. Microorganisms 2021; 9:1118. [PMID: 34064241 PMCID: PMC8224324 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms9061118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2021] [Revised: 05/19/2021] [Accepted: 05/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Here, we performed a comparative genomic analysis of all available genomes of E. faecalis (n = 1591) and E. faecium (n = 1981) and investigated the association between the presence or absence of CRISPR-Cas systems, endonuclease/anti-endonuclease systems and the acquisition of antimicrobial resistance, especially vancomycin resistance genes. Most of the analysed Enterococci were isolated from humans and less than 14% of them were from foods and animals. We analysed and detected CRISPR-Cas systems in 75.36% of E. faecalis genomes and only 4.89% of E. faecium genomes with a significant difference (p-value < 10-5). We found a negative correlation between the number of CRISPR-Cas systems and genome size (r = -0.397, p-value < 10-5) and a positive correlation between the genome %GC content and the number of CRISPR-Cas systems (r = 0.215, p-value < 10-5). Our findings showed that the presence of the anti-endonuclease ardA gene may explain the decrease in the number of CRISPR-Cas systems in E. faecium, known to deactivate the endonucleases' protective activities and enable the E. faecium genome to be versatile in acquiring mobile genetic elements, including carriers of antimicrobial resistance genes, especially vanB. Most importantly, we observed that there was a direct association between the absence of CRISPR-Cas, the presence of the anti-CRISPR ardA gene and the acquisition of vancomycin resistance genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kodjovi D. Mlaga
- Aix Marseille University, IRD, APHM, MEPHI, IHU-Mediterranee Infection, 13005 Marseille, France; (K.D.M.); (V.G.); (P.C.); (J.-M.R.)
| | - Vincent Garcia
- Aix Marseille University, IRD, APHM, MEPHI, IHU-Mediterranee Infection, 13005 Marseille, France; (K.D.M.); (V.G.); (P.C.); (J.-M.R.)
| | - Philippe Colson
- Aix Marseille University, IRD, APHM, MEPHI, IHU-Mediterranee Infection, 13005 Marseille, France; (K.D.M.); (V.G.); (P.C.); (J.-M.R.)
- IHU-Mediterranee Infection, Aix-Marseille University, 13005 Marseille, France
| | - Raymond Ruimy
- Department of Bacteriology at Nice Academic Hospital, Nice Medical University, 06003 Nice, France;
| | - Jean-Marc Rolain
- Aix Marseille University, IRD, APHM, MEPHI, IHU-Mediterranee Infection, 13005 Marseille, France; (K.D.M.); (V.G.); (P.C.); (J.-M.R.)
- IHU-Mediterranee Infection, Aix-Marseille University, 13005 Marseille, France
| | - Seydina M. Diene
- Aix Marseille University, IRD, APHM, MEPHI, IHU-Mediterranee Infection, 13005 Marseille, France; (K.D.M.); (V.G.); (P.C.); (J.-M.R.)
- IHU-Mediterranee Infection, Aix-Marseille University, 13005 Marseille, France
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Kim EJ, Yoon KS, Arakaki M, Otsu K, Fukumoto S, Harada H, Green DW, Lee JM, Jung HS. Effective Differentiation of Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells Into Dental Cells. Dev Dyn 2018; 248:129-139. [PMID: 30106495 DOI: 10.1002/dvdy.24663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2018] [Revised: 06/11/2018] [Accepted: 08/08/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND A biotooth is defined as a complete living tooth, made in laboratory cultures from a spontaneous interplay between epithelial and mesenchymal cell-based frontal systems. A good solution to these problems is to use induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs). However, no one has yet formulated culture conditions that effectively differentiate iPSCs into dental epithelial and dental mesenchymal cells phenotypes analogous to those present in tooth development. RESULTS Here, we tried to induce differentiation methods for dental epithelial cells (DEC) and dental mesenchymal cells from iPSCs. For the DEC differentiation, the conditional media of SF2 DEC was adjusted to embryoid body. Moreover, we now report on a new cultivation protocol, supported by transwell membrane cell culture that make it possible to differentiate iPSCs into dental epithelial and mesenchymal cells with abilities to initiate the first stages in de novo tooth formation. CONCLUSIONS Implementation of technical modifications to the protocol that maximize the number and rate of iPSC differentiation, into mesenchymal and epithelial cell layers, will be the next step toward growing an anatomically accurate biomimetic tooth organ. Developmental Dynamics 248:129-139, 2019. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eun-Jung Kim
- Division in Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Department of Oral Biology, Oral Science Research Center, BK21 PLUS Project, Yonsei University College of Dentistry, Seoul, Korea
| | - Kyung-Sik Yoon
- Division in Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Department of Oral Biology, Oral Science Research Center, BK21 PLUS Project, Yonsei University College of Dentistry, Seoul, Korea
| | - Makiko Arakaki
- Division of Pediatric Dentistry, Department of Oral Health and Development Sciences, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry, Sendai, Japan
| | - Keishi Otsu
- Division of Developmental Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Anatomy, Iwate Medical University, Yahaba, Japan
| | - Satoshi Fukumoto
- Division of Pediatric Dentistry, Department of Oral Health and Development Sciences, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry, Sendai, Japan
| | - Hidemitsu Harada
- Division of Developmental Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Anatomy, Iwate Medical University, Yahaba, Japan
| | - David William Green
- Division in Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Department of Oral Biology, Oral Science Research Center, BK21 PLUS Project, Yonsei University College of Dentistry, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jong-Min Lee
- Division in Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Department of Oral Biology, Oral Science Research Center, BK21 PLUS Project, Yonsei University College of Dentistry, Seoul, Korea
| | - Han-Sung Jung
- Division in Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Department of Oral Biology, Oral Science Research Center, BK21 PLUS Project, Yonsei University College of Dentistry, Seoul, Korea
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Saxena K, Kitzmiller KJ, Wu YL, Zhou B, Esack N, Hiremath L, Chung EK, Yang Y, Yu CY. Great genotypic and phenotypic diversities associated with copy-number variations of complement C4 and RP-C4-CYP21-TNX (RCCX) modules: a comparison of Asian-Indian and European American populations. Mol Immunol 2009; 46:1289-303. [PMID: 19135723 PMCID: PMC2716727 DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2008.11.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2008] [Accepted: 11/22/2008] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Inter-individual gene copy-number variations (CNVs) probably afford human populations the flexibility to respond to a variety of environmental challenges, but also lead to differential disease predispositions. We investigated gene CNVs for complement component C4 and steroid 21-hydroxylase from the RP-C4-CYP21-TNX (RCCX) modules located in the major histocompatibility complex among healthy Asian-Indian Americans (AIA) and compared them to European Americans. A combination of definitive techniques that yielded cross-confirmatory results was used. The medium gene copy-numbers for C4 and its isotypes, acidic C4A and basic C4B, were 4, 2 and 2, respectively, but their frequencies were only 53-56%. The distribution patterns for total C4 and C4A are skewed towards the high copy-number side. For example, the frequency of AIA-subjects with three copies of C4A (30.7%) was 3.92-fold of those with a single copy (7.83%). The monomodular-short haplotype with a single C4B gene and the absence of C4A, which is in linkage-disequilibrium with HLA DRB1*0301 in Europeans and a strong risk factor for autoimmune diseases, has a frequency of 0.012 in AIA but 0.106 among healthy European Americans (p=6.6x10(-8)). The copy-number and the size of C4 genes strongly determine the plasma C4 protein concentrations. Parallel variations in copy-numbers of CYP21A (CYP21A1P) and TNXA with total C4 were also observed. Notably, 13.1% of AIA-subjects had three copies of the functional CYP21B, which were likely generated by recombinations between monomodular and bimodular RCCX haplotypes. The high copy-numbers of C4 and the high frequency of RCCX recombinants offer important insights to the prevalence of autoimmune and genetic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kapil Saxena
- Center for Molecular and Human Genetics, The Research Institute at Nationwide Children’s Hospital, 700 Children’s Drive, Columbus Ohio 43205
| | - Kathryn J. Kitzmiller
- Center for Molecular and Human Genetics, The Research Institute at Nationwide Children’s Hospital, 700 Children’s Drive, Columbus Ohio 43205
- Department of Pediatrics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Yee Ling Wu
- Center for Molecular and Human Genetics, The Research Institute at Nationwide Children’s Hospital, 700 Children’s Drive, Columbus Ohio 43205
- Department of Pediatrics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Bi Zhou
- Center for Molecular and Human Genetics, The Research Institute at Nationwide Children’s Hospital, 700 Children’s Drive, Columbus Ohio 43205
| | - Nazreen Esack
- Center for Molecular and Human Genetics, The Research Institute at Nationwide Children’s Hospital, 700 Children’s Drive, Columbus Ohio 43205
| | - Leena Hiremath
- Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Erwin K. Chung
- Center for Molecular and Human Genetics, The Research Institute at Nationwide Children’s Hospital, 700 Children’s Drive, Columbus Ohio 43205
- Department of Molecular Virology, Immunology and Medical Genetics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Yan Yang
- Center for Molecular and Human Genetics, The Research Institute at Nationwide Children’s Hospital, 700 Children’s Drive, Columbus Ohio 43205
- Department of Molecular Virology, Immunology and Medical Genetics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
| | - C. Yung Yu
- Center for Molecular and Human Genetics, The Research Institute at Nationwide Children’s Hospital, 700 Children’s Drive, Columbus Ohio 43205
- Department of Pediatrics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
- Department of Molecular Virology, Immunology and Medical Genetics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
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