1
|
Flores J, Gonzalez-Hernandez I, Salazar S, Lozano R, Reyes C. Improving Optical Flow Sensor Using a Gimbal for Quadrotor Navigation in GPS-Denied Environment. Sensors (Basel) 2024; 24:2183. [PMID: 38610394 PMCID: PMC11014312 DOI: 10.3390/s24072183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2024] [Revised: 03/27/2024] [Accepted: 03/27/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024]
Abstract
This paper proposes a new sensor using optical flow to stabilize a quadrotor when a GPS signal is not available. Normally, optical flow varies with the attitude of the aerial vehicle. This produces positive feedback on the attitude control that destabilizes the orientation of the vehicle. To avoid this, we propose a novel sensor using an optical flow camera with a 6DoF IMU (Inertial Measurement Unit) mounted on a two-axis anti-shake stabilizer mobile aerial gimbal. We also propose a robust algorithm based on Sliding Mode Control for stabilizing the optical flow sensor downwards independently of the aerial vehicle attitude. This method improves the estimation of the position and velocity of the quadrotor. We present experimental results to show the performance of the proposed sensor and algorithms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Rogelio Lozano
- Department of Research and Multidisciplinary Studies, Program of Aerial and Submarine Autonomous Navigation Systems, Center for Research and Advanced Studies of the National Polytechnic Institute, Mexico City 07360, Mexico; (J.F.); (I.G.-H.); (S.S.); (C.R.)
| | | |
Collapse
|
2
|
Ren F, Wang X, Yu N, Han J. Adaptive fuzzy control for tendon-sheath actuated bending-tip system with unknown friction for robotic flexible endoscope. Front Neurosci 2024; 18:1330634. [PMID: 38595970 PMCID: PMC11002250 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2024.1330634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Accepted: 03/11/2024] [Indexed: 04/11/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction The tendon-sheath actuated bending-tip system (TAB) has been widely applied to long-distance transmission scenes due to its high maneuverability, safety, and compliance, such as in exoskeleton robots, rescue robots, and surgical robots design. Due to the suitability of operation in a narrow or tortuous environment, TAB has demonstrated great application potential in the area of minimally invasive surgery. However, TAB involves highly non-linear behavior due to hysteresis, creepage, and non-linear friction existing on the tendon routing, which is an enormous challenge for accurate control. Methods Considering the difficulties in the precise modeling of non-linearity friction, this paper proposes a novel fuzzy control scheme for the Euler-Lagrange dynamics model of TAB for achieving tracking performance and providing accurate friction compensation. Finally, the asymptotic stability of the closed-loop system is proved theoretically and the effectiveness of the controller is verified by numerical simulation carried out in MATLAB/Simulink. Results The desired angle can be reached quickly within 3 s by adopting the proposed controller without overshoot or oscillation in Tracking Experiment, demonstrating the regulation performance of the proposed control scheme. The proposed method still achieves the desired trajectory rapidly and accurately without steady-state errors in Varying-friction Experiment. The angle errors generated by external disturbances are < 1 deg under the proposed controller, which returns to zero in 2 s in Anti-disturbance Experiment. In contrast, comparative controllers take more time to be steady and are accompanied by oscillating and residual errors in all experiments. Discussion The proposed method is model-free control and has no strict requirement for the dynamics model and friction model. It is proved that advanced tracking performance and real-time response can be guaranteed under the presence of unknown bounded non-linear friction and time-varying non-linear dynamics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fan Ren
- The Tianjin Key Laboratory of Intelligent Robotics, College of Artificial Intelligence, Institute of Robotics and Automatic Information Systems, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Xiangyu Wang
- The Tianjin Key Laboratory of Intelligent Robotics, College of Artificial Intelligence, Institute of Robotics and Automatic Information Systems, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
- The Institute of Intelligence Technology and Robotic Systems, Shenzhen Research Institute of Nankai University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Ningbo Yu
- The Tianjin Key Laboratory of Intelligent Robotics, College of Artificial Intelligence, Institute of Robotics and Automatic Information Systems, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
- The Institute of Intelligence Technology and Robotic Systems, Shenzhen Research Institute of Nankai University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Jianda Han
- The Tianjin Key Laboratory of Intelligent Robotics, College of Artificial Intelligence, Institute of Robotics and Automatic Information Systems, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
- The Institute of Intelligence Technology and Robotic Systems, Shenzhen Research Institute of Nankai University, Shenzhen, China
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Brahmi B, Dahani H, Bououden S, Farah R, Rahman MH. Adaptive- Robust Controller for Smart Exoskeleton Robot. Sensors (Basel) 2024; 24:489. [PMID: 38257582 PMCID: PMC10818759 DOI: 10.3390/s24020489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2023] [Revised: 01/07/2024] [Accepted: 01/10/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024]
Abstract
Rehabilitation robotics has seen growing popularity in recent years due to its immense potential for improving the lives of people with disabilities. However, the complex, uncertain dynamics of these systems present significant control challenges, requiring advanced techniques. This paper introduces a novel adaptive control framework integrating modified function approximation (MFAT) and double-integral non-singular terminal sliding mode control (DINTSMC). The goal is to achieve precise tracking performance, high robustness, a fast response, a finite convergence time, reduced chattering, and effective handling of unknown system dynamics. A key feature is the incorporation of a higher-order sliding mode observer, eliminating the need for velocity feedback. This provides a new solution for overcoming the inherent variations and uncertainties in robot manipulators, enabling improved accuracy within fixed convergence times. The efficacy of the proposed approach was validated through simulations and experiments on an exoskeleton robot. The results successfully demonstrated the controller's effectiveness. Stability analysis using Lyapunov theory proved the closed-loop system's uniform ultimate boundedness. This contribution is expected to enable enhanced control for rehabilitation robots and improved patient outcomes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Brahim Brahmi
- Electrical Engineering Department, College Ahuntsic, Montreal, QC H2M 1Y8, Canada;
| | - Hicham Dahani
- Electrical Engineering Department, College Ahuntsic, Montreal, QC H2M 1Y8, Canada;
| | - Soraya Bououden
- Electrical Engineering Department, Ferhat Abas Setif 1 University, Setif 19137, Algeria;
| | - Raouf Farah
- Electrical Engineering Department, University of Sharjah, Sharjah P.O. Box 27272, United Arab Emirates;
| | - Mohamed Habibur Rahman
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, WI 53211, USA;
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Ramírez-Ayala O, González-Hernández I, Salazar S, Flores J, Lozano R. Real-Time Person Detection in Wooded Areas Using Thermal Images from an Aerial Perspective. Sensors (Basel) 2023; 23:9216. [PMID: 38005600 PMCID: PMC10675173 DOI: 10.3390/s23229216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2023] [Revised: 11/01/2023] [Accepted: 11/09/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023]
Abstract
Detecting people in images and videos captured from an aerial platform in wooded areas for search and rescue operations is a current problem. Detection is difficult due to the relatively small dimensions of the person captured by the sensor in relation to the environment. The environment can generate occlusion, complicating the timely detection of people. There are currently numerous RGB image datasets available that are used for person detection tasks in urban and wooded areas and consider the general characteristics of a person, like size, shape, and height, without considering the occlusion of the object of interest. The present research work focuses on developing a thermal image dataset, which considers the occlusion situation to develop CNN convolutional deep learning models to perform detection tasks in real-time from an aerial perspective using altitude control in a quadcopter prototype. Extended models are proposed considering the occlusion of the person, in conjunction with a thermal sensor, which allows for highlighting the desired characteristics of the occluded person.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Rogelio Lozano
- Aerial and Submarine Autonomous Navigation Systems Program, Cinvestav, Mexico City 07360, Mexico; (O.R.-A.); (I.G.-H.); (S.S.); (J.F.)
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Du Y, Chatterjee S, Bhattacharya A, Dutta A, Halappanavar M. Role of reinforcement learning for risk-based robust control of cyber-physical energy systems. Risk Anal 2023; 43:2280-2297. [PMID: 36746175 DOI: 10.1111/risa.14104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2021] [Revised: 10/14/2022] [Accepted: 12/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Critical infrastructures such as cyber-physical energy systems (CPS-E) integrate information flow and physical operations that are vulnerable to natural and targeted failures. Safe, secure, and reliable operation and control of CPS-E is critical to ensure societal well-being and economic prosperity. Automated control is key for real-time operations and may be mathematically cast as a sequential decision-making problem under uncertainty. Emergence of data-driven techniques for decision making under uncertainty, such as reinforcement learning (RL), have led to promising advances for addressing sequential decision-making problems for risk-based robust CPS-E control. However, existing research challenges include understanding the applicability of RL methods across diverse CPS-E applications, addressing the effect of risk preferences across multiple RL methods, and development of open-source domain-aware simulation environments for RL experimentation within a CPS-E context. This article systematically analyzes the applicability of four types of RL methods (model-free, model-based, hybrid model-free and model-based, and hierarchical) for risk-based robust CPS-E control. Problem features and solution stability for the RL methods are also discussed. We demonstrate and compare the performance of multiple RL methods under different risk specifications (risk-averse, risk-neutral, and risk-seeking) through the development and application of an open-source simulation environment. Motivating numerical simulation examples include representative single-zone and multizone building control use cases. Finally, six key insights for future research and broader adoption of RL methods are identified, with specific emphasis on problem features, algorithmic explainability, and solution stability.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yan Du
- Optimization and Control Group, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, USA
| | - Samrat Chatterjee
- Data Sciences and Machine Intelligence Group, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, USA
| | - Arnab Bhattacharya
- Optimization and Control Group, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, USA
| | - Ashutosh Dutta
- Applied Statistics and Computational Modeling Group, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, USA
| | - Mahantesh Halappanavar
- Data Sciences and Machine Intelligence Group, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Homayounzade M, Homayounzadeh M, Khooban MH. Robust positive control of tumour growth using angiogenic inhibition. IET Syst Biol 2023; 17:288-301. [PMID: 37787083 PMCID: PMC10580019 DOI: 10.1049/syb2.12076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2023] [Revised: 07/26/2023] [Accepted: 09/01/2023] [Indexed: 10/04/2023] Open
Abstract
In practice, many physical systems, including physiological ones, can be considered whose input can take only positive quantities. However, most of the conventional control methods do not support the positivity of the main input data to the system. Furthermore, the parameters of these systems, similar to other non-linear systems, are either not accurately identified or may change over time. Therefore, it is reasonable to design a controller that is robust against system uncertainties. A robust positive-input control method is proposed for the automatic treatment of targeted anti-angiogenic therapy implementing a recently published tumour growth model based on experiments conducted on mouse models. The backstepping (BS) approach is applied to design the positive input controller using sensory data of tumour volume as feedback. Unlike previous studies, the proposed controller only requires the measurement of tumour volume and does not require the measurement of inhibitor level. The exponential stability of the controlled system is proved mathematically using the Lyapunov theorem. As a result, the convergence rate of the tumour volume can be controlled, which is an important issue in cancer treatment. Moreover, the robustness of the system against parametric uncertainties is verified mathematically using the Lyapunov theorem. The real-time simulation results-based (OPAL-RT) and comparisons with previous studies confirm the theoretical findings and effectiveness of the proposed method.
Collapse
|
7
|
Zhang Y, Pei W, Zhang Q, Ma B. A Generalized Hamilton Robust Control Scheme of Trajectory Tracking for Intelligent Vehicles. Sensors (Basel) 2023; 23:6975. [PMID: 37571758 PMCID: PMC10422212 DOI: 10.3390/s23156975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2023] [Revised: 07/20/2023] [Accepted: 07/31/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023]
Abstract
To ensure the accuracy and stability of intelligent-vehicle-trajectory tracking, a robust trajectory-tracking control strategy based on generalized Hamilton theory is proposed. Firstly, a dynamic Hamilton dissipative controller (DHDC) and trajectory-tracking Hamilton dissipative controller (TTHDC) were designed based on the established vehicle-dynamics control system and trajectory-tracking control system using the orthogonal decomposition method and control-switching method. Next, the feedback-dissipative Hamilton realizations of the two systems were obtained separately to ensure the convergence of the system. Secondly, based on the dissipative Hamilton system designed by TTHDC, a generalized Hamilton robust controller (GHRC) was designed. Finally, the co-simulation of Carsim and MATLAB/Simulink was used to verify the effectiveness of the three control algorithms. The simulation results show that DHDC and TTHDC can achieve self-stabilizing control of vehicles and enable certain control effects for the trajectory tracking of vehicles. The GHRC solves the problems of low tracking accuracy and poor stability of DHDC and TTHDC. Compared with the sliding mode controller (SMC) and linear quadratic regulator (LQR) controller, the GHRC can reduce the lateral error by 84.44% and the root mean square error (RMSE) by 83.92%, which effectively improves the accuracy and robustness of vehicle-trajectory tracking.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yu Zhang
- School of Information Science and Electrical Engineering, Shandong Jiaotong University, Jinan 250357, China; (Y.Z.)
| | - Wenhui Pei
- School of Information Science and Electrical Engineering, Shandong Jiaotong University, Jinan 250357, China; (Y.Z.)
| | - Qi Zhang
- School of Control Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan 250061, China
| | - Baosen Ma
- School of Information Science and Electrical Engineering, Shandong Jiaotong University, Jinan 250357, China; (Y.Z.)
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Vitková Z, Dodek M, Miklovičová E, Pavlovičová J, Babinec A, Vitko A. Robust Control of Repeated Drug Administration with Variable Doses Based on Uncertain Mathematical Model. Bioengineering (Basel) 2023; 10:921. [PMID: 37627806 PMCID: PMC10451231 DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering10080921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2023] [Revised: 07/28/2023] [Accepted: 08/01/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of this paper was to design a repeated drug administration strategy to reach and maintain the requested drug concentration in the body. Conservative designs require an exact knowledge of pharmacokinetic parameters, which is considered an unrealistic demand. The problem is usually resolved using the trial-and-error open-loop approach; yet, this can be considered insufficient due to the parametric uncertainties as the dosing strategy may induce an undesired behavior of the drug concentrations. Therefore, the presented approach is rather based on the paradigms of system and control theory. An algorithm was designed that computes the required doses to be administered based on the blood samples. Since repeated drug dosing is essentially a discrete time process, the entire design considers the discrete time domain. We have also presented the idea of applying this methodology for the stabilization of an unstable model, for instance, a model of tumor growth. The simulation experiments demonstrated that all variants of the proposed control algorithm can reach and maintain the desired drug concentration robustly, i.e., despite the presence of parametric uncertainties, in a way that is superior to that of the traditional open-loop approach. It was shown that the closed-loop control with the integral controller and stabilizing state feedback is robust against large parametric uncertainties.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Martin Dodek
- Institute of Robotics and Cybernetics, Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Information Technology, Slovak University of Technology in Bratislava, 841 04 Bratislava, Slovakia; (Z.V.); (E.M.); (J.P.); (A.B.); (A.V.)
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
9
|
Nicola M, Nicola CI, Ionete C, Șendrescu D, Roman M. Improved Performance for PMSM Sensorless Control Based on Robust-Type Controller, ESO-Type Observer, Multiple Neural Networks, and RL-TD3 Agent. Sensors (Basel) 2023; 23:5799. [PMID: 37447648 DOI: 10.3390/s23135799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2023] [Revised: 06/14/2023] [Accepted: 06/19/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023]
Abstract
This paper summarizes a robust controller based on the fact that, in the operation of a permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM), a number of disturbance factors naturally occur, among which both changes in internal parameters (e.g., stator resistance Rs and combined inertia of rotor and load J) and changes in load torque TL can be mentioned. In this way, the performance of the control system can be maintained over a relatively wide range of variation in the types of parameters mentioned above. It also presents the synthesis of robust control, the implementation in MATLAB/Simulink, and an improved version using a reinforcement learning twin-delayed deep deterministic policy gradient (RL-TD3) agent, working in tandem with the robust controller to achieve superior performance of the PMSM sensored control system. The comparison of the proposed control systems, in the case of sensored control versus the classical field oriented control (FOC) structure, based on classical PI-type controllers, is made both in terms of the usual response time and error speed ripple, but also in terms of the fractal dimension (DF) of the rotor speed signal, by verifying the hypothesis that the use of a more efficient control system results in a higher DF of the controlled variable. Starting from a basic structure of an ESO-type observer which, by its structure, allows the estimation of both the PMSM rotor speed and a term incorporating the disturbances on the system (from which, in this case, an estimate of the PMSM load torque can be extracted), four variants of observers are proposed, obtained by combining the use of a multiple neural network (NN) load torque observer and an RL-TD3 agent. The numerical simulations performed in MATLAB/Simulink validate the superior performance obtained by using properly trained RL-TD3 agents, both in the case of sensored and sensorless control.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marcel Nicola
- Research and Development Department, National Institute for Research, Development and Testing in Electrical Engineering-ICMET Craiova, 200746 Craiova, Romania
- Department of Automatic Control and Electronics, University of Craiova, 200585 Craiova, Romania
| | - Claudiu-Ionel Nicola
- Research and Development Department, National Institute for Research, Development and Testing in Electrical Engineering-ICMET Craiova, 200746 Craiova, Romania
- Department of Automatic Control and Electronics, University of Craiova, 200585 Craiova, Romania
| | - Cosmin Ionete
- Department of Automatic Control and Electronics, University of Craiova, 200585 Craiova, Romania
| | - Dorin Șendrescu
- Department of Automatic Control and Electronics, University of Craiova, 200585 Craiova, Romania
| | - Monica Roman
- Department of Automatic Control and Electronics, University of Craiova, 200585 Craiova, Romania
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Saif AWA, El-Ferik S, Elkhider SM. Robust Stabilization of Linear Time-Delay Systems under Denial-of-Service Attacks. Sensors (Basel) 2023; 23:5773. [PMID: 37447623 DOI: 10.3390/s23135773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2023] [Revised: 03/19/2023] [Accepted: 06/07/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023]
Abstract
This research examines new methods for stabilizing linear time-delay systems that are subject to denial-of-service (DoS) attacks. The study takes into account the different effects that a DoS attack can have on the system, specifically delay-independent and -dependent behaviour. The traditional proportional-integral-derivative (PID) acts on the error signal, which is the difference between the reference input and the measured output. The approach in this paper uses what we call the PID state feedback strategy, where the controller acts on the state signal. Our proposed strategy uses the Lyapunov-Krasovskii functional (LKF) to develop new linear matrix inequalities (LMIs). The study considers two scenarios where the time delay is either a continuous bounded function or a differentiable and time-varying function that falls within certain bounds. In both cases, new LMIs are derived to find the PID-like state feedback gains that will ensure robust stabilization. The findings are illustrated with numerical examples.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Abdul-Wahid A Saif
- Interdisciplinary Center of Smart Mobility and Logistics, King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals, P.O. Box 5067, Dhahran 31261, Saudi Arabia
- Control and Instrumentation Engineering Department, King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals, P.O. Box 5067, Dhahran 31261, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sami El-Ferik
- Interdisciplinary Center of Smart Mobility and Logistics, King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals, P.O. Box 5067, Dhahran 31261, Saudi Arabia
- Control and Instrumentation Engineering Department, King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals, P.O. Box 5067, Dhahran 31261, Saudi Arabia
| | - Siddig M Elkhider
- Interdisciplinary Center of Smart Mobility and Logistics, King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals, P.O. Box 5067, Dhahran 31261, Saudi Arabia
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Zhang H, Chen Z, Ao W, Shi P. Improved Dynamic Event-Triggered Robust Control for Flexible Robotic Arm Systems with Semi-Markov Jump Process. Sensors (Basel) 2023; 23:5523. [PMID: 37420690 DOI: 10.3390/s23125523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2023] [Revised: 06/05/2023] [Accepted: 06/09/2023] [Indexed: 07/09/2023]
Abstract
In this paper, we investigate the problem of a dynamic event-triggered robust controller design for flexible robotic arm systems with continuous-time phase-type semi-Markov jump process. In particular, the change in moment of inertia is first considered in the flexible robotic arm system, which is necessary for ensuring the security and stability control of special robots employed under special circumstances, such as surgical robots and assisted-living robots which have strict lightweight requirements. To handle this problem, a semi-Markov chain is conducted to model this process. Furthermore, the dynamic event-triggered scheme is used to solve the problem of limited bandwidth in the network transmission environment, while considering the impact of DoS attacks. With regard to the challenging circumstances and negative elements previously mentioned, the adequate criteria for the existence of the resilient H∞ controller are obtained using the Lyapunov function approach, and the controller gains, Lyapunov parameters and event-triggered parameters are co-designed. Finally, the effectiveness of the designed controller is demonstrated via numerical simulation using the LMI toolbox in MATLAB.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Huiyan Zhang
- National Research Base of Intelligent Manufacturing Service, Chongqing Technology and Business University, Chongqing 400067, China
- National Engineering Laboratory for Industrial Big-Data Application Technology, Chongqing Innovation Center of Industrial Big-Data Co., Ltd., Chongqing 400707, China
| | - Zixian Chen
- School of Mechanical Engineering Chongqing Technology and Business University, Chongqing 400067, China
| | - Wengang Ao
- National Research Base of Intelligent Manufacturing Service, Chongqing Technology and Business University, Chongqing 400067, China
| | - Peng Shi
- School of Electrical and Mechanical Engineering, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia
- School of Information Science and Technology, Fujian University of Technology, Fuzhou 350118, China
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Beauchene C, Zurn CA, Ehrens D, Duff I, Duan W, Caterina M, Guan Y, Sarma SV. Steering Toward Normative Wide-Dynamic-Range Neuron Activity in Nerve-Injured Rats With Closed-Loop Peripheral Nerve Stimulation. Neuromodulation 2023; 26:552-562. [PMID: 36402658 PMCID: PMC10081946 DOI: 10.1016/j.neurom.2022.09.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2022] [Revised: 09/08/2022] [Accepted: 09/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Chronic pain is primarily treated with pharmaceuticals, but the effects remain unsatisfactory. A promising alternative therapy is peripheral nerve stimulation (PNS), but it has been associated with suboptimal efficacy because its modulation mechanisms are not clear and the current therapies are primarily open loop (ie, manually adjusting the stimulation parameters). In this study, we developed a proof-of-concept computational modeling as the first step toward implementing closed-loop PNS in future biological studies. When developing new pain therapies, a useful pain biomarker is the wide-dynamic-range (WDR) neuron activity in the dorsal horn. In healthy animals, the WDR neuron activity occurs in a stereotyped manner; however, this response profile can vary widely after nerve injury to create a chronic pain condition. We hypothesized that if injury-induced changes of neuronal response can be normalized to resemble those of a healthy condition, the pathological aspects of pain may be treated while maintaining protective physiological nociception. MATERIALS AND METHODS Using an in vivo electrophysiology data set of WDR neuron recordings obtained in nerve-injured rats and naïve rats, we constructed sets of linear phenomenologic models of WDR firing rate during windup stimulation for both conditions. Then, we applied robust control systems techniques to identify a closed-loop PNS controller, which can drive the dynamics of WDR neuron response in neuropathic pain model into ranges associated with normal physiological pain. RESULTS The sets of identified linear models can accurately predict, in silico, nonlinear neural responses to electrical stimulation of the peripheral nerve. In addition, we showed that continuous closed-loop control of PNS can be used to normalize WDR neuron firing responses in three injured cases. CONCLUSIONS In this proof-of-concept study, we show how tractable, linear mathematical models of pain-related neurotransmission can be used to inform the development of closed-loop PNS. This new application of robust control to neurotechnology may also be expanded and applied across other neuromodulation applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christine Beauchene
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Institute for Computational Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA.
| | - Claire A Zurn
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Institute for Computational Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Daniel Ehrens
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Institute for Computational Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Irina Duff
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Wanru Duan
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Michael Caterina
- Department of Neurosurgery, Neurosurgery Pain Research Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA; Department of Biological Chemistry, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA; Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Yun Guan
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA; Department of Neurosurgery, Neurosurgery Pain Research Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Sridevi V Sarma
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Institute for Computational Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Lee J, Kim SH, Lee H, Kim Y. Self-Scheduled LPV Control of Asymmetric Variable-Span Morphing UAV. Sensors (Basel) 2023; 23:3075. [PMID: 36991786 PMCID: PMC10053703 DOI: 10.3390/s23063075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2023] [Revised: 03/07/2023] [Accepted: 03/10/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
In this study, a novel framework for the flight control of a morphing unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) based on linear parameter-varying (LPV) methods is proposed. A high-fidelity nonlinear model and LPV model of an asymmetric variable-span morphing UAV were obtained using the NASA generic transport model. The left and right wing span variation ratios were decomposed into symmetric and asymmetric morphing parameters, which were then used as the scheduling parameter and the control input, respectively. LPV-based control augmentation systems were designed to track the normal acceleration, angle of sideslip, and roll rate commands. The span morphing strategy was investigated considering the effects of morphing on various factors to aid the intended maneuver. Autopilots were designed using LPV methods to track commands for airspeed, altitude, angle of sideslip, and roll angle. A nonlinear guidance law was coupled with the autopilots for three-dimensional trajectory tracking. A numerical simulation was performed to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed scheme.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jihoon Lee
- Department of Aerospace Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Seong-Hun Kim
- Department of Aerospace Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Hanna Lee
- Department of Aerospace Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Youdan Kim
- Department of Aerospace Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
- Institute of Advanced Aerospace Technology, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Nicola M, Nicola CI. Comparative Performance Analysis of the DC-AC Converter Control System Based on Linear Robust or Nonlinear PCH Controllers and Reinforcement Learning Agent. Sensors (Basel) 2022; 22:9535. [PMID: 36502236 PMCID: PMC9736123 DOI: 10.3390/s22239535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2022] [Revised: 11/24/2022] [Accepted: 12/01/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Starting from the general topology and the main elements that connect a microgrid represented by a DC power source to the main grid, this article presents the performance of the control system of a DC-AC converter. The main elements of this topology are the voltage source inverter represented by a DC-AC converter and the network filters. The active Insulated Gate Bipolar Transistor (IGBT) or Metal-Oxide-Semiconductor Field-Effect Transistor (MOSFET) elements of the DC-AC converter are controlled by robust linear or nonlinear Port Controlled Hamiltonian (PCH) controllers. The outputs of these controllers are modulation indices which are inputs to a Pulse-Width Modulation (PWM) system that provides the switching signals for the active elements of the DC-AC converter. The purpose of the DC-AC converter control system is to maintain ud and uq voltages to the prescribed reference values where there is a variation of the three-phase load, which may be of balanced/unbalanced or nonlinear type. The controllers are classic PI, robust or nonlinear PCH, and their performance is improved by the use of a properly trained Reinforcement Learning-Twin Delayed Deep Deterministic Policy Gradient (RL-TD3) agent. The performance of the DC-AC converter control systems is compared using performance indices such as steady-state error, error ripple and Total Harmonic Distortion (THD) current value. Numerical simulations are performed in Matlab/Simulink and conclude the superior performance of the nonlinear PCH controller and the improvement of the performance of each controller presented by using an RL-TD3 agent, which provides correction signals to improve the performance of the DC-AC converter control systems when it is properly trained.
Collapse
|
15
|
Govind K.R. A, Mahapatra S. Frequency Domain Specifications Based Robust Decentralized PI/PID Control Algorithm for Benchmark Variable-Area Coupled Tank Systems. Sensors (Basel) 2022; 22:9165. [PMID: 36501864 PMCID: PMC9741177 DOI: 10.3390/s22239165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2022] [Revised: 11/18/2022] [Accepted: 11/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
A decentralized PI/PID controller based on the frequency domain analysis for two input two output (TITO) coupled tank systems is exploited in this paper. The fundamentals of the gain margin and phase margin are used to design the proposed PI/PID controller. The basic objective is to keep the tank at the predetermined level. To satisfy the design specifications, the control algorithm is implemented for decoupled subsystems by employing a decoupler. First-order plus dead time (FOPDT) models are obtained for the decoupled subsystems using the model-reduction technique. In addition, the control law is realized by considering the frequency domain analysis. Further, the robustness of the controller is verified by considering multiplicative input and output uncertainties. The proposed method is briefly contrasted with existing techniques. It is envisaged that the proposed control algorithm exhibits better servo and regulatory responses compared to the existing techniques.
Collapse
|
16
|
Lin M, Wang H, Yang C, Liu W, Niu J, Vladareanu L. Human-Robot Cooperative Strength Training Based on Robust Admittance Control Strategy. Sensors (Basel) 2022; 22:7746. [PMID: 36298097 PMCID: PMC9611061 DOI: 10.3390/s22207746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2022] [Revised: 09/20/2022] [Accepted: 10/08/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
A stroke is a common disease that can easily lead to lower limb motor dysfunction in the elderly. Stroke survivors can effectively train muscle strength through leg flexion and extension training. However, available lower limb rehabilitation robots ignore the knee soft tissue protection of the elderly in training. This paper proposes a human-robot cooperative lower limb active strength training based on a robust admittance control strategy. The stiffness change law of the admittance model is designed based on the biomechanics of knee joints, and it can guide the user to make force correctly and reduce the stress on the joint soft tissue. The controller will adjust the model stiffness in real-time according to the knee joint angle and then indirectly control the exertion force of users. This control strategy not only can avoid excessive compressive force on the joint soft tissue but also can enhance the stimulation of quadriceps femoris muscles. Moreover, a dual input robust control is proposed to improve the tracking performance under the disturbance caused by model uncertainty, interaction force and external noise. Experiments about the controller performance and the training feasibility were conducted with eight stroke survivors. Results show that the designed controller can effectively influence the interaction force; it can reduce the possibility of joint soft tissue injury. The robot also has a good tracking performance under disturbances. This control strategy also can enhance the stimulation of quadriceps femoris muscles, which is proved by measuring the muscle electrical signal and interaction force. Human-robot cooperative strength training is a feasible method for training lower limb muscles with the knee soft tissue protection mechanism.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Musong Lin
- Hebei Provincial Key Laboratory of Parallel Robot and Mechatronic System, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao 066004, China
| | - Hongbo Wang
- Hebei Provincial Key Laboratory of Parallel Robot and Mechatronic System, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao 066004, China
- Academy for Engineering & Technology, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
- Shanghai Clinical Research Center for Aging and Medicine, Shanghai 200040, China
| | - Congliang Yang
- Hebei Provincial Key Laboratory of Parallel Robot and Mechatronic System, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao 066004, China
| | - Wenjie Liu
- Hebei Provincial Key Laboratory of Parallel Robot and Mechatronic System, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao 066004, China
| | - Jianye Niu
- Hebei Provincial Key Laboratory of Parallel Robot and Mechatronic System, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao 066004, China
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Forging & Stamping Technology and Science of Ministry of Education, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao 066004, China
| | - Luige Vladareanu
- Robotics and Mechatronics Department, Institute of Solid Mechanics of Romanian Academy, 010141 Bucharest, Romania
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Bashir A, Khan S, Bashmal S, Iqbal N, Ullah S, Ali L. Designing Highly Efficient Temperature Controller for Nanoparticles Hyperthermia. Nanomaterials (Basel) 2022; 12:3539. [PMID: 36234672 PMCID: PMC9565335 DOI: 10.3390/nano12193539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2022] [Revised: 10/02/2022] [Accepted: 10/04/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
This paper presents various control system design techniques for temperature control of Magnetic Fluid hyperthermia. The purpose of this research is to design a cost-effective, efficient, and practically implementable temperature controller for Magnetic Fluid hyperthermia, which is presently under research as a substitute to the radiation and chemotherapy treatment of cancer. The principle of this phenomenon centers on the greater sensitivity of tumor cells to changes in temperature in comparison to healthy cells. Once the nanoparticles reach the desired tissue, it can then be placed in a varying magnetic field to dissipate the heat locally by raising the temperature to 45 °C in order to kill cancerous cells. One of the challenging tasks is to maintain the temperature strictly at desired point i.e., 45 °C. Temperature controller for magnetic fluid hyperthermia provides the tight control of temperature in order to avoid folding of proteins and save the tissues around the cancerous tissue from getting destroyed. In contrast with most of the existing research on this topic, which are based on linear control strategies or their improved versions, the novelty of this research lies in applying nonlinear control technique like Sliding Mode Control (SMC) to accurately control the temperature at desired value. A comparison of the control techniques is presented in this paper, based on reliability, robustness, precision and the ability of the controller to handle the non-linearities that are faced during the treatment of cancer. SMC showed promising results in terms of settling time and rise time. Steady state error was also reduced to zero using this technique.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Adeel Bashir
- Department of Electrical Engineering, COMSATS University, Islamabad 45550, Pakistan
| | - Sikandar Khan
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals, Dhahran 31261, Saudi Arabia
| | - Salem Bashmal
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals, Dhahran 31261, Saudi Arabia
- Interdisciplinary Research Center for Intelligent Manufacturing and Robotics, King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals, Dhahran 31261, Saudi Arabia
| | - Naveed Iqbal
- Department of Electrical Engineering, King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals, Dhahran 31261, Saudi Arabia
- Center of Energy and Geo Processing, King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals, Dhahran 31261, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sami Ullah
- K. A. CARE Energy Research & Innovation Center (ERIC), King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals, Dhahran 31261, Saudi Arabia
| | - Liaqat Ali
- College of Civil Engineering & Architecture, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Ghasemabad ES, Zamani I, Tourajizadeh H, Mirhadi M, Zarandi ZG. Design and implementation of an adaptive fuzzy sliding mode controller for drug delivery in treatment of vascular cancer tumours and its optimisation using genetic algorithm tool. IET Syst Biol 2022; 16:201-219. [PMID: 36181296 PMCID: PMC9675414 DOI: 10.1049/syb2.12051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2022] [Revised: 07/21/2022] [Accepted: 09/18/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
In this paper, the side effects of drug therapy in the process of cancer treatment are reduced by designing two optimal non-linear controllers. The related gains of the designed controllers are optimised using genetic algorithm and simultaneously are adapted by employing the Fuzzy scheduling method. The cancer dynamic model is extracted with five differential equations, including normal cells, endothelial cells, cancer cells, and the amount of two chemotherapy and anti-angiogenic drugs left in the body as the engaged state variables, while double drug injection is considered as the corresponding controlling signals of the mentioned state space. This treatment aims to reduce the tumour cells by providing a timely schedule for drug dosage. In chemotherapy, not only the cancer cells are killed but also other healthy cells will be destroyed, so the rate of drug injection is highly significant. It is shown that the simultaneous application of chemotherapy and anti-angiogenic therapy is more efficient than single chemotherapy. Two different non-linear controllers are employed and their performances are compared. Simulation results and comparison studies show that not only adding the anti-angiogenic reduce the side effects of chemotherapy but also the proposed robust controller of sliding mode provides a faster and stronger treatment in the presence of patient parametric uncertainties in an optimal way. As a result of the proposed closed-loop drug treatment, the tumour cells rapidly decrease to zero, while the normal cells remain healthy simultaneously. Also, the injection rate of the chemotherapy drug is very low after a short time and converges to zero.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Iman Zamani
- Electrical and Electronic Engineering DepartmentShahed UniversityTehranIran
| | - Hami Tourajizadeh
- Department of Mechanical EngineeringFaculty of EngineeringKharazmi UniversityTehranIran
| | - Mahdi Mirhadi
- Electrical and Electronic Engineering DepartmentKharazmi UniversityTehranIran
| | | |
Collapse
|
19
|
Alwan NAS, Hussain ZM. Deep Learning for Robust Adaptive Inverse Control of Nonlinear Dynamic Systems: Improved Settling Time with an Autoencoder. Sensors (Basel) 2022; 22:5935. [PMID: 36015696 PMCID: PMC9415480 DOI: 10.3390/s22165935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2022] [Revised: 08/05/2022] [Accepted: 08/05/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
An adaptive deep neural network is used in an inverse system identification setting to approximate the inverse of a nonlinear plant with the aim of constituting the plant controller by copying to the latter the weights and architecture of the converging deep neural network. This deep learning (DL) approach to the adaptive inverse control (AIC) problem is shown to outperform the adaptive filtering techniques and algorithms normally used in adaptive control, especially when in nonlinear plants. The deeper the controller, the better the inverse function approximation, provided that the nonlinear plant has an inverse and that this inverse can be approximated. Simulation results prove the feasibility of this DL-based adaptive inverse control scheme. The DL-based AIC system is robust to nonlinear plant parameter changes in that the plant output reassumes the value of the reference signal considerably faster than with the adaptive filter counterpart of the deep neural network. The settling and rise times of the step response are shown to improve in the DL-based AIC system.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nuha A. S. Alwan
- College of Engineering, University of Baghdad, Baghdad 10017, Iraq
| | - Zahir M. Hussain
- School of Engineering, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, WA 6027, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Zhao P, Guo Z, Hovakimyan N. Robust Nonlinear Tracking Control with Exponential Convergence Using Contraction Metrics and Disturbance Estimation. Sensors (Basel) 2022; 22:4743. [PMID: 35808237 PMCID: PMC9269074 DOI: 10.3390/s22134743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2022] [Revised: 06/09/2022] [Accepted: 06/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
This paper presents a tracking controller for nonlinear systems with matched uncertainties based on contraction metrics and disturbance estimation that provides exponential convergence guarantees. Within the proposed approach, a disturbance estimator is proposed to estimate the pointwise value of the uncertainties, with a pre-computable estimation error bounds (EEB). The estimated disturbance and the EEB are then incorporated in a robust Riemannian energy condition to compute the control law that guarantees exponential convergence of actual state trajectories to desired ones. Simulation results on aircraft and planar quadrotor systems demonstrate the efficacy of the proposed controller, which yields better tracking performance than existing controllers for both systems.
Collapse
|
21
|
Shahzad E, Khan AU, Iqbal M, Saeed A, Hafeez G, Waseem A, Albogamy FR, Ullah Z. Sensor Fault-Tolerant Control of Microgrid Using Robust Sliding-Mode Observer. Sensors (Basel) 2022; 22:2524. [PMID: 35408147 PMCID: PMC9003115 DOI: 10.3390/s22072524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2021] [Revised: 03/19/2022] [Accepted: 03/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
This work investigates sensor fault diagnostics and fault-tolerant control for a voltage source converter based microgrid (model) using a sliding-mode observer. It aims to provide a diagnosis of multiple faults (i.e., magnitude, phase, and harmonics) occurring simultaneously or individually in current/potential transformers. A modified algorithm based on convex optimization is used to determine the gains of the sliding-mode observer, which utilizes the feasibility optimization or trace minimization of a Ricatti equation-based modification of H-Infinity (H∞) constrained linear matrix inequalities. The fault and disturbance estimation method is modified and improved with some corrections in previous works. The stability and finite-time reachability of the observers are also presented for the considered faulty and perturbed microgrid system. A proportional-integral (PI) based control is utilized for the conventional regulations required for frequency and voltage sags occurring in a microgrid. However, the same control block features fault-tolerant control (FTC) functionality. It is attained by incorporating a sliding-mode observer to reconstruct the faults of sensors (transformers), which are fed to the control block after correction. Simulation-based analysis is performed by presenting the results of state/output estimation, state/output estimation errors, fault reconstruction, estimated disturbances, and fault-tolerant control performance. Simulations are performed for sinusoidal, constant, linearly increasing, intermittent, sawtooth, and random sort of often occurring sensor faults. However, this paper includes results for the sinusoidal nature voltage/current sensor (transformer) fault and a linearly increasing type of fault, whereas the remaining results are part of the supplementary data file. The comparison analysis is performed in terms of observer gains being estimated by previously used techniques as compared to the proposed modified approach. It also includes the comparison of the voltage-frequency control implemented with and without the incorporation of the used observer based fault estimation and corrections, in the control block. The faults here are considered for voltage/current sensor transformers, but the approach works for a wide range of sensors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ebrahim Shahzad
- Department of Electrical Engineering, FET, International Islamic University, Islamabad 44000, Pakistan; (E.S.); (A.U.K.); (A.S.); (A.W.)
| | - Adnan Umar Khan
- Department of Electrical Engineering, FET, International Islamic University, Islamabad 44000, Pakistan; (E.S.); (A.U.K.); (A.S.); (A.W.)
| | - Muhammad Iqbal
- Research and Innovation Centre of Excellence (KIOS CoE), University of Cyprus, P.O. Box 20537, Nicosia 1678, Cyprus;
| | - Ahmad Saeed
- Department of Electrical Engineering, FET, International Islamic University, Islamabad 44000, Pakistan; (E.S.); (A.U.K.); (A.S.); (A.W.)
| | - Ghulam Hafeez
- Centre of Renewable Energy, Government Advance Technical Training Centre, Peshawar 25100, Pakistan
- Department of Electrical Engineering, University of Engineering and Technology, Mardan 23200, Pakistan
| | - Athar Waseem
- Department of Electrical Engineering, FET, International Islamic University, Islamabad 44000, Pakistan; (E.S.); (A.U.K.); (A.S.); (A.W.)
| | - Fahad R. Albogamy
- Computer Sciences Program, Turabah University College, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Zahid Ullah
- Department of Electrical Engineering, University of Management and Technology Lahore, Sialkot Campus, Sialkot 51310, Pakistan;
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Abstract
Dopamine (DA) is an important signal mediator in the brain as well as in the periphery. The term "dopamine homeostasis" occasionally found in the literature refers to the fact that abnormal DA levels can be associated with a variety of neuropsychiatric disorders. An analysis of the negative feedback inhibition of tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) by DA indicates, with support from the experimental data, that the TH-DA negative feedback loop has developed to exhibit 3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine (DOPA) homeostasis by using DA as a derepression regulator. DA levels generally decline when DOPA is removed, for example, by increased oxidative stress. Robust DOPA regulation by DA further implies that maximum vesicular DA levels are established, which appear necessary for a reliable translation of neural activity into a corresponding chemical transmitter signal. An uncontrolled continuous rise (windup) in DA occurs when Levodopa treatment exceeds a critical dose. Increased oxidative stress leads to the successive breakdown of DOPA homeostasis and to a corresponding reduction in DA levels. To keep DOPA regulation robust, the vesicular DA loading requires close to zero-order kinetics combined with a sufficiently high compensatory flux provided by TH. The protection of DOPA and DA due to a channeling complex is discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rune Kleppe
- Norwegian Center for Maritime and Diving Medicine, Haukeland University Hospital, 5021 Bergen, Norway;
| | - Qaiser Waheed
- Department of Chemistry, Bioscience and Environmental Engineering, University of Stavanger, 4021 Stavanger, Norway;
| | - Peter Ruoff
- Department of Chemistry, Bioscience and Environmental Engineering, University of Stavanger, 4021 Stavanger, Norway;
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Holmes C. Practical Design Considerations for Performance and Robustness in the Face of Uncertain Flexible Dynamics in Space Manipulators. Front Robot AI 2021; 8:708388. [PMID: 34604316 PMCID: PMC8486003 DOI: 10.3389/frobt.2021.708388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2021] [Accepted: 09/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Low frequency dynamics introduced by structural flexibility can result in considerable performance degradation and even instability in on-orbit, robotic manipulators. Although there is a wealth of literature that addresses this problem, the author has found that many advanced solutions are often precluded by practical considerations. On the other hand, classical, robust control methods are tractable for these systems if the design problem is properly constrained. This paper investigates a pragmatic engineering approach that evaluates the system's stability margins in the face of uncertain, flexible perturbation dynamics with frequencies that lie close to or within the bandwidth of the nominal closed-loop system. The robustness of classical control strategies is studied in the context of both collocated (joint rate) and non-collocated (force/torque and vision-based) feedback. It is shown that robust stability and performance depend on the open-loop control bandwidth of the nominal control law (as designed for a simplified, rigid plant). Namely, the designed bandwidth must be constrained to be lower than the minimum flexible mode frequency of the unmodeled dynamics by a given factor. This strategy gives credence to popular heuristic methods commonly used to reduce the effect of unmodeled dynamics in complex manipulator systems.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Connor Holmes
- Guidance Navigation and Control, MacDonald Dettwiler and Associates, Brampton, ON, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Shi B, Wu H, Zhu Y, Shang M. Robust Control of a New Asymmetric Teleoperation Robot Based on a State Observer. Sensors (Basel) 2021; 21:s21186197. [PMID: 34577403 PMCID: PMC8472916 DOI: 10.3390/s21186197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2021] [Revised: 09/02/2021] [Accepted: 09/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
This study is mainly about the designation of a new type of haptic device and an asymmetric teleoperation robot system. Aiming at the problems of tracking and transparency of an asymmetric teleoperation system, a robust control algorithm based on a state observer was proposed. The Haptic Device was designed and was chosen as the master-robot of the system. The Baxter dual-arm robot was chosen as the slave-robot of the system. The simulation experiment of robust control based on a state observer of the asymmetric teleoperation robot was carried out. The experiment results showed that the maximum values of displacement tracking errors in three directions x, y, and z are 0.02 m, 0.01 m, and 0.015 m, respectively. Compared with single- joint PID control, the performance of the new control algorithm is improved. The force feedback experiment on the real asymmetric teleoperation robot system was carried out. The results showed that the force feedback wave is consistent with the actual situation and showed that the robust control algorithm proposed is superior to PID. Therefore, the algorithm perfectly satisfied the system. The experiment parameters also demonstrate that the haptic device satisfies the design requirements of the asymmetric teleoperation robots system and the industry standards.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Baoyu Shi
- College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing 210016, China;
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Anhui University of Technology, Maanshan 243032, China; (Y.Z.); (M.S.)
| | - Hongtao Wu
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Anhui University of Technology, Maanshan 243032, China; (Y.Z.); (M.S.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Yongfei Zhu
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Anhui University of Technology, Maanshan 243032, China; (Y.Z.); (M.S.)
| | - Mingming Shang
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Anhui University of Technology, Maanshan 243032, China; (Y.Z.); (M.S.)
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Azar AT, Serrano FE, Zhu Q, Bettayeb M, Fusco G, Na J, Zhang W, Kamal NA. Robust Stabilization and Synchronization of a Novel Chaotic System with Input Saturation Constraints. Entropy (Basel) 2021; 23:e23091110. [PMID: 34573735 PMCID: PMC8470018 DOI: 10.3390/e23091110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2021] [Revised: 08/22/2021] [Accepted: 08/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
In this paper, the robust stabilization and synchronization of a novel chaotic system are presented. First, a novel chaotic system is presented in which this system is realized by implementing a sigmoidal function to generate the chaotic behavior of this analyzed system. A bifurcation analysis is provided in which by varying three parameters of this chaotic system, the respective bifurcations plots are generated and evinced to analyze and verify when this system is in the stability region or in a chaotic regimen. Then, a robust controller is designed to drive the system variables from the chaotic regimen to stability so that these variables reach the equilibrium point in finite time. The robust controller is obtained by selecting an appropriate robust control Lyapunov function to obtain the resulting control law. For synchronization purposes, the novel chaotic system designed in this study is used as a drive and response system, considering that the error variable is implemented in a robust control Lyapunov function to drive this error variable to zero in finite time. In the control law design for stabilization and synchronization purposes, an extra state is provided to ensure that the saturated input sector condition must be mathematically tractable. A numerical experiment and simulation results are evinced, along with the respective discussion and conclusion.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ahmad Taher Azar
- College of Computer and Information Sciences, Prince Sultan University, Riyadh 11586, Saudi Arabia
- Faculty of Computers and Artificial Intelligence, Benha University, Benha 13511, Egypt
- Correspondence: or or
| | - Fernando E. Serrano
- Instituto de Investigación en Energía, Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Honduras (UNAH), Tegucigalpa 11101, Honduras; or
- Research Collaborator, Prince Sultan University, Riyadh 11586, Saudi Arabia
| | - Quanmin Zhu
- FET–Engineering, Design and Mathematics, University of the West of England, Bristol BS16 1QY, UK;
| | - Maamar Bettayeb
- Electrical Engineering Department, University of Sharjah, Sharjah 27272, United Arab Emirates;
| | - Giuseppe Fusco
- Department of Electrical and Information Engineering, Universita degli Studi di Cassino e del Lazio Meridionale, 03043 Cassino, Italy;
| | - Jing Na
- Faculty of Mechanical & Electrical Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, No. 727 Jingming South Road, Chenggong, Kunming 650500, China;
| | - Weicun Zhang
- School of Automation and Electrical Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China;
| | | |
Collapse
|
26
|
Javan AAK, Jafari M, Shoeibi A, Zare A, Khodatars M, Ghassemi N, Alizadehsani R, Gorriz JM. Medical Images Encryption Based on Adaptive-Robust Multi-Mode Synchronization of Chen Hyper-Chaotic Systems. Sensors (Basel) 2021; 21:3925. [PMID: 34200287 PMCID: PMC8200970 DOI: 10.3390/s21113925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2021] [Revised: 06/01/2021] [Accepted: 06/02/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
In this paper, a novel medical image encryption method based on multi-mode synchronization of hyper-chaotic systems is presented. The synchronization of hyper-chaotic systems is of great significance in secure communication tasks such as encryption of images. Multi-mode synchronization is a novel and highly complex issue, especially if there is uncertainty and disturbance. In this work, an adaptive-robust controller is designed for multimode synchronized chaotic systems with variable and unknown parameters, despite the bounded disturbance and uncertainty with a known function in two modes. In the first case, it is a main system with some response systems, and in the second case, it is a circular synchronization. Using theorems it is proved that the two synchronization methods are equivalent. Our results show that, we are able to obtain the convergence of synchronization error and parameter estimation error to zero using Lyapunov's method. The new laws to update time-varying parameters, estimating disturbance and uncertainty bounds are proposed such that stability of system is guaranteed. To assess the performance of the proposed synchronization method, various statistical analyzes were carried out on the encrypted medical images and standard benchmark images. The results show effective performance of the proposed synchronization technique in the medical images encryption for telemedicine application.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ali Akbar Kekha Javan
- Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Zabol Branch, Islamic Azad University, Zabol 1939598616, Iran;
| | - Mahboobeh Jafari
- Electrical and Computer Engineering Faculty, Semnan University, Semnan 3513119111, Iran;
| | - Afshin Shoeibi
- Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Biomedical Data Acquisition Lab (BDAL), K. N. Toosi University of Technology, Tehran 1631714191, Iran;
| | - Assef Zare
- Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Gonabad Branch, Islamic Azad University, Gonabad 6518115743, Iran
| | - Marjane Khodatars
- Faculty of Engineering, Mashhad Branch, Islamic Azad University, Mashhad 91735413, Iran;
| | - Navid Ghassemi
- Computer Engineering Department, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad 9177948974, Iran;
| | - Roohallah Alizadehsani
- Institute for Intelligent Systems Research and Innovation (IISRI), Deakin University, Waurn Ponds, VIC 3217, Australia;
| | - Juan Manuel Gorriz
- Department of Signal Theory, Networking and Communications, Universidad de Granada, 52005 Granada, Spain;
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Ullah H, Malik FM, Raza A, Mazhar N, Khan R, Saeed A, Ahmad I. Robust Output Feedback Control of Single-Link Flexible-Joint Robot Manipulator with Matched Disturbances Using High Gain Observer. Sensors (Basel) 2021; 21:3252. [PMID: 34066796 DOI: 10.3390/s21093252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2021] [Revised: 03/27/2021] [Accepted: 04/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
This article focuses on the output feedback control of single-link flexible-joint robot manipulators (SFJRMs) with matched disturbances and parametric uncertainties. Formally, four sensing elements are required to design the controller for single-link manipulators. We have designed a robust control technique for the semiglobal stabilization problem of the angular position of the link in the SFJRM system, with the availability of only a position sensing device. The sliding mode control (SMC) based output feedback controller is devised for SFJRM dynamics. The nonlinear model of SFJRM is considered to estimate the unknown states utilizing the high-gain observer (HGO). It is shown that the output under SMC using HGO-based estimated states coincides with that using original states when the gains of HGO are sufficiently high. Finally, the results are presented showing that the designed control technique works well when the SFJRM model is uncertain and matched perturbations are expected.
Collapse
|
28
|
Alam W, Khan Q, Riaz RA, Akmeliawati R. Arbitrary-order sliding mode-based robust control algorithm for the developing artificial pancreas mechanism. IET Syst Biol 2020; 14:307-313. [PMID: 33399094 PMCID: PMC8687268 DOI: 10.1049/iet-syb.2018.5075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2018] [Revised: 04/15/2020] [Accepted: 05/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
In Diabetes Mellitus, the pancreas remains incapable of insulin administration that leads to hyperglycaemia, an escalated glycaemic concentration, which may stimulate many complications. To circumvent this situation, a closed-loop control strategy is much needed for the exogenous insulin infusion in diabetic patients. This closed-loop structure is often termed as an artificial pancreas that is generally established by the employment of different feedback control strategies. In this work, the authors have proposed an arbitrary-order sliding mode control approach for development of the said mechanism. The term, arbitrary, is exercised in the sense of its applicability to any n-order controllable canonical system. The proposed control algorithm affirms the finite-time effective stabilisation of the glucose-insulin regulatory system, at the desired level, with the alleviation of sharp fluctuations. The novelty of this work lies in the sliding manifold that incorporates indirect non-linear terms. In addition, the necessary discontinuous terms are filtered-out once before its employment to the plant, i.e. diabetic patient. The robustness, in the presence of external disturbances, i.e. meal intake is confirmed via rigorous mathematical stability analysis. In addition, the effectiveness of the proposed control strategy is ascertained by comparing the results with the standard literature.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Waqar Alam
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, COMSATS University Islamabad, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Qudrat Khan
- Center for Advanced Studies in Telecommunications (CAST), COMSATS University Islamabad, Islamabad, Pakistan.
| | - Raja Ali Riaz
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, COMSATS University Islamabad, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Rini Akmeliawati
- School of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia 5005, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Monje CA, Laschi C. Editorial: Advances in Soft Robotics Based on Outputs From IROS 2018. Front Robot AI 2020; 7:124. [PMID: 33501290 PMCID: PMC7805609 DOI: 10.3389/frobt.2020.00124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2020] [Accepted: 08/05/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Concepción A. Monje
- Systems Engineering and Automation, Universidad Carlos III de Madrid, Leganés, Spain
| | | |
Collapse
|
30
|
Shin JH, Choi Y. Robust Control for the Detection Threshold of CFAR Process in Cluttered Environments. Sensors (Basel) 2020; 20:s20143904. [PMID: 32668801 PMCID: PMC7412031 DOI: 10.3390/s20143904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2020] [Revised: 07/07/2020] [Accepted: 07/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The constant false alarm rate (CFAR) process is essential for target detection in radar systems. Although the detection performance of the CFAR process is normally guaranteed in noise-limited environments, it may be dramatically degraded in clutter-limited environments since the probabilistic characteristics for clutter are unknown. Therefore, sophisticated CFAR processes that suppress the effect of clutter can be used in actual applications. However, these methods have the fundamental limitation of detection performance because there is no feedback structure in terms of the probability of false alarm for determining the detection threshold. This paper presents a robust control scheme for adjusting the detection threshold of the CFAR process while estimating the clutter measurement density (CMD) that uses only the measurement sets over a finite time interval in order to adapt to time-varying cluttered environments, and the probability of target existence with finite measurement sets required for estimating CMD is derived. The improved performance of the proposed method was verified by simulation experiments for heterogeneous situations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jeong Hoon Shin
- 1st Research and Development Institute, Agency for Defense Development, Daejeon 34060, Korea;
| | - Youngjin Choi
- Department of Electronic Systems Engineering, Hanyang University, Ansan 15588, Korea
- Correspondence:
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Zhao Y, Chen X, Zhao H. Robust control design for home pension service mobile robots with passive and servo constraints. Sci Prog 2020; 103:36850420952219. [PMID: 32880526 PMCID: PMC10450905 DOI: 10.1177/0036850420952219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
This paper presents a novel robust control design for a class of home pension service mobile robots (HPSMRs) with non-holonomic passive constraints, based on the Udwadia-Kalaba theory and Udwadia control. The approach has two portions: dynamics modeling and robust control design. The Udwadia-Kalaba theory is employed to deal with the non-holonomic passive constraints. The frame of the Udwadia control is employed to design the robust control to tracking the servo constraints. The designed approach is easy to implement because the analytical solution of the control force can explicitly be obtained even if the non-holonomic passive constraints exists. The uniform boundedness and uniform ultimate boundedness are demonstrated by the theoretical analysis. The effectiveness of the proposed approach is verified through the numerical simulation by a HPSMR.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yating Zhao
- College of Economics and Management, Hefei Normal University, Hefei, Anhui Province, People’s Republic of China
- School of Management, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, Anhui Province, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiaolong Chen
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, Anhui Province, People’s Republic of China
| | - Han Zhao
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, Anhui Province, People’s Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Ahmad NS. Robust H∞-Fuzzy Logic Control for Enhanced Tracking Performance of a Wheeled Mobile Robot in the Presence of Uncertain Nonlinear Perturbations. Sensors (Basel) 2020; 20:s20133673. [PMID: 32630046 PMCID: PMC7374517 DOI: 10.3390/s20133673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2020] [Revised: 06/28/2020] [Accepted: 06/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Motion control involving DC motors requires a closed-loop system with a suitable compensator if tracking performance with high precision is desired. In the case where structural model errors of the motors are more dominating than the effects from noise disturbances, accurate system modelling will be a considerable aid in synthesizing the compensator. The focus of this paper is on enhancing the tracking performance of a wheeled mobile robot (WMR), which is driven by two DC motors that are subject to model parametric uncertainties and uncertain deadzones. For the system at hand, the uncertain nonlinear perturbations are greatly induced by the time-varying power supply, followed by behaviour of motion and speed. In this work, the system is firstly modelled, where correlations between the model parameters and different input datasets as well as voltage supply are obtained via polynomial regressions. A robust H∞-fuzzy logic approach is then proposed to treat the issues due to the aforementioned perturbations. Via the proposed strategy, the H∞ controller and the fuzzy logic (FL) compensator work in tandem to ensure the control law is robust against the model uncertainties. The proposed technique was validated via several real-time experiments, which showed that the speed and path tracking performance can be considerably enhanced when compared with the results via the H∞ controller alone, and the H∞ with the FL compensator, but without the presence of the robust control law.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nur Syazreen Ahmad
- School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Engineering Campus, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Nibong Tebal 14300, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Gierusz W, Rybczak M. Effectiveness of Multidimensional Controllers Designated to Steering of the Motions of Ship at Low Speed. Sensors (Basel) 2020; 20:E3533. [PMID: 32580369 DOI: 10.3390/s20123533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2020] [Revised: 06/14/2020] [Accepted: 06/15/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The article described two full multidimensional controllers applied to steer a real vessel named ‘Blue Lady’ that is used by the Foundation for Safety of Navigation and Environment Protection at its training and research facility loacted at Silm lake in Poland. Both controllers were based on different approaches, but finally gave similar results. The first part describes the object to be controlled which is a training ship used for training of navigators in various conditions, areas and manoeuvres. This is followed by a short description of the theory for both controllers, Robust and Linear Matrix Inequalities (LMI). Next real time trials are described, which are 3 different manouvers for low velocities, executed by both LMI and Robust contrllers. In these trials ‘Blue Lady’ velocities, silhouete trajectory ans wind data are recorded. Finally the quality of work for both controllers is collected in two tables.
Collapse
|
34
|
Hattori Y, Naganuma M, Otsuka M. Partial Least Squares Regression-Based Robust Forward Control of the Tableting Process. Pharmaceutics 2020; 12:E85. [PMID: 31968698 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics12010085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2019] [Revised: 01/17/2020] [Accepted: 01/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, we established a robust feed-forward control model for the tableting process by partial least squares regression using the near-infrared (NIR) spectra and physical attributes of the granules to be compressed. The NIR spectra of granules are rich in information about chemical attributes, such as the compositions of any ingredients and moisture content. Polymorphism and pseudo-polymorphism can also be quantitatively evaluated by NIR spectra. We used the particle size distribution, flowability, and loose and tapped density as the physical attributes of the granules. The tableting process was controlled by the lower punch fill depth and the minimum distance between the upper and lower punches at compression, which were specifically related to the tablet weight and thickness, respectively. The feed-forward control of the process would be expected to provide some advantages for automated and semi-automated continuous pharmaceutical manufacturing. As a result, our model, using a combination of NIR spectra and the physical attributes of granules to control the distance between punches, resulted in respectable agreement between the predicted process parameters and actual settings to produce tablets of the desired thickness.
Collapse
|
35
|
Velasco J, Barambones O, Calvo I, Zubia J, Saez de Ocariz I, Chouza A. Sliding Mode Control with Dynamical Correction for Time-Delay Piezoelectric Actuator Systems. Materials (Basel) 2019; 13:ma13010132. [PMID: 31892249 PMCID: PMC6981594 DOI: 10.3390/ma13010132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2019] [Revised: 12/06/2019] [Accepted: 12/19/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
In piezoelectric actuators (PEAs), which suffer from inherent nonlinearities, sliding mode control (SMC) has proven to be a successful control strategy. Nonetheless, in micropositioning systems with time delay, integral proportional control (PI), and SMC, feedback control schemes have a tendency to overcompensate and, consequently, high controller gains must be rejected. This may produce a slow and inaccurate response. This paper presents a novel control strategy that deals with time-delay micropositioning systems aimed at achieving precise positioning by combining an open-loop control with a modified SMC scheme. The proposed SMC with dynamical correction (SMC-WDC) uses the dynamical system model to adapt the SMC inputs and avoid undesirable control response caused by delays. In order to develop the SMC-WDC scheme, an exhaustive analysis on the micropositioning system was first performed. Then, a mixed control strategy, combining inverse open-loop control and SMC-WDC, was developed. The performance of the presented control scheme was analyzed and compared experimentally with other control strategies (i.e., PI and SMC with saturation and hyperbolic functions) using different reference signals. It was found that the SMC-WDC strategy presents the best performance, that is, the fastest response and highest accuracy, especially against sudden changes of reference setpoints (frequencies >10 Hz). Additionally, if the setpoint reference frequencies are higher than 10 Hz, high integral gains are counterproductive (since the control response increases the delay), although if frequencies are below 1 Hz the integral control delay does not affect the system's accuracy. The SMC-WDC proved to be an effective strategy for micropositioning systems, dealing with time delay and other uncertainties to achieve the setpoint command fast and precisely without chattering.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Javier Velasco
- Fundación Centro de Tecnologías Aeronáuticas (CTA), Juan de la Cierva 1, 01510 Miñano, Spain;
- Correspondence:
| | - Oscar Barambones
- Department of System Engineering and Automation, Faculty of Engineering Vitoria-Gasteiz, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Nieves Cano 12, 01006 Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain; (O.B.); (I.C.); (A.C.)
| | - Isidro Calvo
- Department of System Engineering and Automation, Faculty of Engineering Vitoria-Gasteiz, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Nieves Cano 12, 01006 Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain; (O.B.); (I.C.); (A.C.)
| | - Joseba Zubia
- Department of Communications Engineering, Faculty of Engineering Bilbao, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Plaza Ingeniero Torres Quevedo 1, E-48013 Bilbao, Spain;
| | - Idurre Saez de Ocariz
- Fundación Centro de Tecnologías Aeronáuticas (CTA), Juan de la Cierva 1, 01510 Miñano, Spain;
| | - Ander Chouza
- Department of System Engineering and Automation, Faculty of Engineering Vitoria-Gasteiz, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Nieves Cano 12, 01006 Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain; (O.B.); (I.C.); (A.C.)
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Reis MF, Jain RP, Aguiar AP, de Sousa JB. Robust Cooperative Moving Path Following Control for Marine Robotic Vehicles. Front Robot AI 2019; 6:121. [PMID: 33501136 PMCID: PMC7805841 DOI: 10.3389/frobt.2019.00121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2019] [Accepted: 11/04/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
This paper presents results on recent developments pertaining to the coordinated motion control of a fleet of marine robotic vehicles. Specifically, we address the Cooperative Moving Path Following (CMPF) motion control problem, that consists of steering the robotic vehicles along a priori specified geometric paths that jointly move according to a target frame, while achieving a pre-defined coordination objective. To this end, each vehicle will need to communicate with their neighbors in order to cooperatively solve the CMPF task. Two distinct robust Moving Path Following motion control strategies for achieving robustness on the moving path following tasks are proposed. Experimental results demonstrating the application of CMPF to marine vehicles in the context of source localization and tracking of underwater targets are presented backed with stability and convergence guarantees.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Matheus F. Reis
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
37
|
Crevecoeur F, Scott SH, Cluff T. Robust Control in Human Reaching Movements: A Model-Free Strategy to Compensate for Unpredictable Disturbances. J Neurosci 2019; 39:8135-48. [PMID: 31488611 DOI: 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.0770-19.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2019] [Revised: 08/09/2019] [Accepted: 08/24/2019] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Current models of motor learning suggest that multiple timescales support adaptation to changes in visual or mechanical properties of the environment. These models capture patterns of learning and memory across a broad range of tasks, yet do not consider the possibility that rapid changes in behavior may occur without adaptation. Such changes in behavior may be desirable when facing transient disturbances, or when unpredictable changes in visual or mechanical properties of the task make it difficult to form an accurate model of the perturbation. Whether humans can modulate control strategies without an accurate model of the perturbation remains unknown. Here we frame this question in the context of robust control (H ∞-control), a control strategy that specifically considers unpredictable disturbances by increasing initial movement speed and feedback gains. Correspondingly, we demonstrate in two human reaching experiments including males and females that the occurrence of a single unpredictable disturbance led to an increase in movement speed and in the gain of rapid feedback responses to mechanical disturbances on subsequent movements. This strategy reduced perturbation-related motion regardless of the direction of the perturbation. Furthermore, we found that changes in the control strategy were associated with co-contraction, which amplified the gain of muscle responses to both lengthening and shortening perturbations. These results have important implications for studies on motor adaptation because they highlight that trial-by-trial changes in limb motion also reflected changes in control strategies dissociable from error-based adaptation.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Humans and animals use internal representations of movement dynamics to anticipate the impact of predictable disturbances. However, we are often confronted with transient or unpredictable disturbances, and it remains unknown whether and how the nervous system handles these disturbances over fast time scales. Here we hypothesized that humans can modulate their control strategy to make reaching movements less sensitive to perturbations. We tested this hypothesis in the framework of robust control, and found changes in movement speed and feedback gains consistent with the model predictions. These changes impacted participants' behavior on a trial-by-trial basis. We conclude that compensation for disturbances over fast time scales involves a robust control strategy, which potentially plays a key role in motor planning and execution.
Collapse
|
38
|
Rizwan Azam M, Utkin VI, Arshad Uppal A, Bhatti AI. Sliding mode controller-observer pair for p53 pathway. IET Syst Biol 2019; 13:204-211. [PMID: 31318338 PMCID: PMC8687316 DOI: 10.1049/iet-syb.2018.5121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2018] [Revised: 04/29/2019] [Accepted: 05/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
A significant loss of p53 protein, an anti-tumour agent, is observed in early cancerous cells. Induction of small molecules based drug is by far the most prominent technique to revive and maintain wild-type p53 to the desired level. In this study, a sliding mode control (SMC) based robust non-linear technique is presented for the drug design of a control-oriented p53 model. The control input generated by conventional SMC is discontinuous; however, depending on the physical nature of the system, drug infusion needs to be continuous. Therefore, to obtain a smooth control signal, a dynamic SMC (DSMC) is designed. Moreover, the boundedness of the zero-dynamics is also proved. To make the model-based control design possible, the unknown states of the system are estimated using an equivalent control based, reduced-order sliding mode observer. The robustness of the proposed technique is assessed by introducing input disturbance and parametric uncertainty in the system. The effectiveness of the proposed control scheme is witnessed by performing in-silico trials, revealing that the sustained level of p53 can be achieved by controlled drug administration. Moreover, a comparative quantitative analysis shows that both controllers yield similar performance. However, DSMC consumes less control energy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Rizwan Azam
- CASPR, Department of Electronics Engineering, Capital University of Science & Technology, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Vadim I Utkin
- Electrical and Computer Engineering Department, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Ali Arshad Uppal
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, COMSATS University Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Aamer Iqbal Bhatti
- CASPR, Department of Electronics Engineering, Capital University of Science & Technology, Islamabad, Pakistan.
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Bera MK, Kumar P, Biswas RK. Robust control of HIV infection by antiretroviral therapy: a super-twisting sliding mode control approach. IET Syst Biol 2019; 13:120-128. [PMID: 31170691 PMCID: PMC8687324 DOI: 10.1049/iet-syb.2018.5063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2018] [Revised: 09/08/2018] [Accepted: 11/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Acquired immune deficiency syndrome is an epidemic infectious disease which is caused by the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and that has proliferated across worldwide. It has been a matter of concern for the scientific community to develop an antiretroviral therapy, which will prompt a rapid decline in viral abundance. With this motivation, this study proposes the design of a robust super twisting sliding mode controller based on output information for an uncertain HIV infection model. The control objective is to decrease the concentration of infected CD4+ T cells to a specified level by drug administration using only the output information of the uncertain HIV infection model which is total CD4+ T cell concentration. The robust output-feedback controller has been developed in combination with a robust exact differentiator, functioning as an observer. The reported analysis demonstrates that the approach proposed here is capable of ensuring robust performance under several operating conditions, measurement and modelling error, parametric uncertainties and external disturbances and the simulation results prove the proficiency of the controller proposed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Manas Kumar Bera
- Department of Electronics and Instrumentation Engineering, National Institute of Technology Silchar, Silchar 788010, Assam, India.
| | - Pintu Kumar
- Department of Electrical Engineering, National Institute of Technology Silchar, Silchar 788010, Assam, India
| | - Raj Kumar Biswas
- Department of Electrical Engineering, National Institute of Technology Silchar, Silchar 788010, Assam, India
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Rouhollahi K, Emadi Andani M, Askari Marnanii J, Karbassi SM. Rehabilitation of the Parkinson's tremor by using robust adaptive sliding mode controller: a simulation study. IET Syst Biol 2019; 13:92-99. [PMID: 33444477 DOI: 10.1049/iet-syb.2018.5043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2018] [Revised: 10/17/2018] [Accepted: 01/08/2019] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
One of the efficient methods in controlling the Parkinson's tremor is Deep Brain Stimulation (DBS) therapy. The stimulation of Basal Ganglia (BG) by DBS brings no feedback though the existence of feedback reduces the additional stimulatory signal delivered to the brain. So this study offers a new adaptive architecture of a closed-loop control system in which two areas of BG are stimulated simultaneously to decrease the following three indicators: hand tremor, the level of a delivered stimulation signal in the disease condition, and the level of a delivered stimulation signal in health condition to the disease condition. One area (STN: subthalamic nucleus) is stimulated with an adaptive sliding mode controller and the other area (GPi: Globus Pallidus internal) with partial state feedback controller. The simulation results of stimulating two areas of BG showed satisfactory performance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Mehran Emadi Andani
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Isfahan, Isfahan, Iran.,Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Javad Askari Marnanii
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan, Iran
| | | |
Collapse
|
41
|
Liu Q, Liu Y, Liu C, Chen B, Zhang W, Li L, Ji X. Hierarchical Lateral Control Scheme for Autonomous Vehicle with Uneven Time Delays Induced by Vision Sensors. Sensors (Basel) 2018; 18:s18082544. [PMID: 30081510 PMCID: PMC6111847 DOI: 10.3390/s18082544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2018] [Revised: 07/31/2018] [Accepted: 08/02/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Vision-based sensors are widely used in lateral control of autonomous vehicles, but the large computational cost of the visual algorithms often induces uneven time delays. In this paper, a hierarchical vision-based lateral control scheme is proposed, where the upper controller is designed by robust H∞-based linear quadratic regulator (LQR) algorithm to compensate sensor-induced delays, and the lower controller is based on logic threshold method, in order to achieve strong convergence of the steering angle. Firstly, the vehicle lateral model is built, and the nonlinear uncertainties induced by time delays are linearized with Taylor expansion. Secondly, the state space of the system is augmented to describe such uncertainties with polytopic inclusions, which is controlled by an H∞-based LQR controller with a low cost of online computation. Then, a lower controller is designed for the control of the steering motor. According to the results of the vehicle experiment as well as the hardware-in-the-loop (HIL) experiment, the proposed control scheme shows good performance in vehicle’s lateral control task, and exhibits better robustness compared with a conventional LQR controller. The proposed control scheme provides a feasible solution for the lateral control of autonomous driving.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Yahui Liu
- Correspondence: (Y.L.); (X.J.); Tel.: +86-010-6279-6579 (Y.L.)
| | | | | | | | | | - Xuewu Ji
- Correspondence: (Y.L.); (X.J.); Tel.: +86-010-6279-6579 (Y.L.)
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Bolat FC, Sivrioglu S. Active Control of a Small-Scale Wind Turbine Blade Containing Magnetorheological Fluid. Micromachines (Basel) 2018; 9:E80. [PMID: 30393356 DOI: 10.3390/mi9020080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2017] [Revised: 01/29/2018] [Accepted: 02/12/2018] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
This research study proposes a new active control structure to suppress vibrations of a small-scale wind turbine blade filled with magnetorheological (MR) fluid and actuated by an electromagnet. The aluminum blade structure is manufactured using the SH3055 (Bergey Windpower Co. Inc., Norman, OK, USA) code numbered airfoil which is designed for use on small wind turbines. A dynamic interaction model between the MR fluid and the electromagnetic actuator is constructed to obtain a force relation. A detailed characterization study is presented for the proposed actuator to understand the nonlinear behavior of the electromagnetic force. A norm based multi-objective H2/H∞ controller is designed using the model of the elastic blade element. The H2/H∞ controller is experimentally implemented under the impact and steady state aerodynamic load conditions. The results of experiments show that the MR fluid- electromagnetic actuator is effective for suppressing vibrations of the blade structure.
Collapse
|
43
|
Chen H, Li M, Zhang Y, Xie H, Chen C, Peng Z, Su S. H∞ Robust Control of a Large-Piston MEMS Micromirror for Compact Fourier Transform Spectrometer Systems. Sensors (Basel) 2018; 18:E508. [PMID: 29419765 DOI: 10.3390/s18020508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2017] [Revised: 01/24/2018] [Accepted: 01/31/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Incorporating linear-scanning micro-electro-mechanical systems (MEMS) micromirrors into Fourier transform spectral acquisition systems can greatly reduce the size of the spectrometer equipment, making portable Fourier transform spectrometers (FTS) possible. How to minimize the tilting of the MEMS mirror plate during its large linear scan is a major problem in this application. In this work, an FTS system has been constructed based on a biaxial MEMS micromirror with a large-piston displacement of 180 μm, and a biaxial H∞ robust controller is designed. Compared with open-loop control and proportional-integral-derivative (PID) closed-loop control, H∞ robust control has good stability and robustness. The experimental results show that the stable scanning displacement reaches 110.9 μm under the H∞ robust control, and the tilting angle of the MEMS mirror plate in that full scanning range falls within ±0.0014°. Without control, the FTS system cannot generate meaningful spectra. In contrast, the FTS yields a clean spectrum with a full width at half maximum (FWHM) spectral linewidth of 96 cm-1 under the H∞ robust control. Moreover, the FTS system can maintain good stability and robustness under various driving conditions.
Collapse
|
44
|
Jutinico AL, Jaimes JC, Escalante FM, Perez-Ibarra JC, Terra MH, Siqueira AAG. Impedance Control for Robotic Rehabilitation: A Robust Markovian Approach. Front Neurorobot 2017; 11:43. [PMID: 28883790 PMCID: PMC5573722 DOI: 10.3389/fnbot.2017.00043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2017] [Accepted: 08/07/2017] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The human-robot interaction has played an important role in rehabilitation robotics and impedance control has been used in the regulation of interaction forces between the robot actuator and human limbs. Series elastic actuators (SEAs) have been an efficient solution in the design of this kind of robotic application. Standard implementations of impedance control with SEAs require an internal force control loop for guaranteeing the desired impedance output. However, nonlinearities and uncertainties hamper such a guarantee of an accurate force level in this human-robot interaction. This paper addresses the dependence of the impedance control performance on the force control and proposes a control approach that improves the force control robustness. A unified model of the human-robot system that considers the ankle impedance by a second-order dynamics subject to uncertainties in the stiffness, damping, and inertia parameters has been developed. Fixed, resistive, and passive operation modes of the robotics system were defined, where transition probabilities among the modes were modeled through a Markov chain. A robust regulator for Markovian jump linear systems was used in the design of the force control. Experimental results show the approach improves the impedance control performance. For comparison purposes, a standard [Formula: see text] force controller based on the fixed operation mode has also been designed. The Markovian control approach outperformed the [Formula: see text] control when all operation modes were taken into account.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andres L. Jutinico
- Robotic Rehabilitation Laboratory, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Center for Robotics of São Carlos, University of São PauloSão Paulo, Brazil
- Intelligent Systems Laboratory, Department of Electrical Engineering, Center for Robotics of São Carlos, University of São PauloSão Paulo, Brazil
| | - Jonathan C. Jaimes
- Robotic Rehabilitation Laboratory, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Center for Robotics of São Carlos, University of São PauloSão Paulo, Brazil
| | - Felix M. Escalante
- Intelligent Systems Laboratory, Department of Electrical Engineering, Center for Robotics of São Carlos, University of São PauloSão Paulo, Brazil
| | - Juan C. Perez-Ibarra
- Robotic Rehabilitation Laboratory, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Center for Robotics of São Carlos, University of São PauloSão Paulo, Brazil
| | - Marco H. Terra
- Intelligent Systems Laboratory, Department of Electrical Engineering, Center for Robotics of São Carlos, University of São PauloSão Paulo, Brazil
| | - Adriano A. G. Siqueira
- Robotic Rehabilitation Laboratory, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Center for Robotics of São Carlos, University of São PauloSão Paulo, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Abstract
The designing of H∞ fuzzy controller for HIV/AIDS infected dynamic system has been considered in this paper. With TS fuzzy model and LMIs approach, the proposed controller is obtained for such a system. A set of sufficient conditions of the H∞ controller is given to ensure the closed-loop system asymptotic stability and the prescribed H∞ performance level. Finally, the effectiveness of the fuzzy controller design approach is finally presented through the simulation results.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wudhichai Assawinchaichote
- The Department of Electronic and Telecommunication Engineering, the King Mongkut's University of Technology Thonburi, 126 Pracha Uthit Rd., Bangkok 10140, Thailand
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Hahne JM, Farina D, Jiang N, Liebetanz D. A Novel Percutaneous Electrode Implant for Improving Robustness in Advanced Myoelectric Control. Front Neurosci 2016; 10:114. [PMID: 27065783 PMCID: PMC4814550 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2016.00114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2015] [Accepted: 03/07/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite several decades of research, electrically powered hand and arm prostheses are still controlled with very simple algorithms that process the surface electromyogram (EMG) of remnant muscles to achieve control of one prosthetic function at a time. More advanced machine learning methods have shown promising results under laboratory conditions. However, limited robustness has largely prevented the transfer of these laboratory advances to clinical applications. In this paper, we introduce a novel percutaneous EMG electrode to be implanted chronically with the aim of improving the reliability of EMG detection in myoelectric control. The proposed electrode requires a minimally invasive procedure for its implantation, similar to a cosmetic micro-dermal implant. Moreover, being percutaneous, it does not require power and data telemetry modules. Four of these electrodes were chronically implanted in the forearm of an able-bodied human volunteer for testing their characteristics. The implants showed significantly lower impedance and greater robustness against mechanical interference than traditional surface EMG electrodes used for myoelectric control. Moreover, the EMG signals detected by the proposed systems allowed more stable control performance across sessions in different days than that achieved with classic EMG electrodes. In conclusion, the proposed implants may be a promising interface for clinically available prostheses.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Janne M Hahne
- Institute of Neurorehabilitation Systems, University Medical Center Göttingen Göttingen, Germany
| | - Dario Farina
- Institute of Neurorehabilitation Systems, University Medical Center Göttingen Göttingen, Germany
| | - Ning Jiang
- Department of Systems Design Engineering, Centre for Bioengineering and Biotechnology, University of Waterloo Waterloo, ON, Canada
| | - David Liebetanz
- Department of Clinical Neurophysiology, University Medical Center Göttingen Göttingen, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Ueyama Y. Mini-max feedback control as a computational theory of sensorimotor control in the presence of structural uncertainty. Front Comput Neurosci 2014; 8:119. [PMID: 25309415 PMCID: PMC4173646 DOI: 10.3389/fncom.2014.00119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2014] [Accepted: 09/05/2014] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
We propose a mini-max feedback control (MMFC) model as a robust approach to human motor control under conditions of uncertain dynamics, such as structural uncertainty. The MMFC model is an expansion of the optimal feedback control (OFC) model. According to this scheme, motor commands are generated to minimize the maximal cost, based on an assumption of worst-case uncertainty, characterized by familiarity with novel dynamics. We simulated linear dynamic systems with different types of force fields–stable and unstable dynamics–and compared the performance of MMFC to that of OFC. MMFC delivered better performance than OFC in terms of stability and the achievement of tasks. Moreover, the gain in positional feedback with the MMFC model in the unstable dynamics was tuned to the direction of instability. It is assumed that the shape modulations of the gain in positional feedback in unstable dynamics played the same role as that played by end-point stiffness observed in human studies. Accordingly, we suggest that MMFC is a plausible model that predicts motor behavior under conditions of uncertain dynamics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuki Ueyama
- Department of Rehabilitation Engineering, Research Institute of National Rehabilitation Center for Persons with Disabilities Tokorozawa, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Generating optimal control algorithms for an artificial pancreas is an intensively researched problem. The available models are all nonlinear and rather complex. Model predictive control or run-to-run-based methodologies have proven to be efficient solutions for individualized treatment of type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM). However, the controller has to ensure safety and stability under all circumstances. Robust control methods seek to provide this safety and guarantee to handle even the worst-case situations and, hence, to generalize and complement results obtained by individualized control algorithms. METHODS Modern robust (e.g., Hinf) control is a linear model-based methodology that we have combined with the nonlinear model-based linear parameter varying technique. The control algorithm was designed on the high-complexity modified nonlinear glucose-insulin model of Sorensen, and it was compared step-by-step with linear model-based Hinf control results published in the literature. The applicability of the developed algorithm was tested first on a control cohort of 10 healthy persons' oral glucose tolerance test results and then on a large meal absorption profile adapted from the literature. In the latter case, two preliminary virtual patients were generated based on 1-1 week real continuous glucose monitor measurements. RESULTS We have found that the algorithm avoids hypoglycemia (not caused by physical activity or stress) independently from the considered absorption profiles. CONCLUSION Use of hard constraints proved their efficiency in fitting blood glucose level within a defined interval. However, in the future, more data of different T1DM patients will be collected and tested, including dynamic absorption model and in silico tests on validated simulators.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Levente Kovacs
- Óbuda University, John von Neumann Faculty of Informatics, Bécsi út 96/b, Budapest, Hungary.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
49
|
Hernandez W. Input-output Transfer Function Analysis of a Photometer Circuit Based on an Operational Amplifier. Sensors (Basel) 2008; 8:35-50. [PMID: 27879695 PMCID: PMC3681145 DOI: 10.3390/s8010035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2007] [Accepted: 01/07/2008] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
In this paper an input-output transfer function analysis based on the frequencyresponse of a photometer circuit based on operational amplifier (op amp) is carried out. Opamps are universally used in monitoring photodetectors and there are a variety of amplifierconnections for this purpose. However, the electronic circuits that are usually used to carryout the signal treatment in photometer circuits introduce some limitations in theperformance of the photometers that influence the selection of the op amps and otherelectronic devices. For example, the bandwidth, slew-rate, noise, input impedance and gain,among other characteristics of the op amp, are often the performance limiting factors ofphotometer circuits. For this reason, in this paper a comparative analysis between twophotodiode amplifier circuits is carried out. One circuit is based on a conventional currentto-voltage converter connection and the other circuit is based on a robust current-to-voltageconverter connection. The results are satisfactory and show that the photodiode amplifierperformance can be improved by using robust control techniques.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wilmar Hernandez
- Department of Circuits and Systems in the EUIT de Telecomunicacion at the Universidad Politecnica de Madrid (UPM), Campus Sur UPM, Ctra. Valencia km 7, Madrid 28031, Spain.
| |
Collapse
|