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Turpin W, Bedrani L, Espin-Garcia O, Xu W, Silverberg MS, Smith MI, Garay JAR, Lee SH, Guttman DS, Griffiths A, Moayyedi P, Panaccione R, Huynh H, Steinhart HA, Aumais G, Dieleman LA, Turner D, Paterson AD, Croitoru K. Associations of NOD2 polymorphisms with Erysipelotrichaceae in stool of in healthy first degree relatives of Crohn's disease subjects. BMC Med Genet 2020; 21:204. [PMID: 33059653 PMCID: PMC7566148 DOI: 10.1186/s12881-020-01115-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2020] [Accepted: 08/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Genetic analyses have identified many variants associated with the risk of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) development. Among these variants, the ones located within the NOD2 gene have the highest odds ratio of all IBD genetic risk variants. Also, patients with Crohn's disease (CD) have been shown to have an altered gut microbiome, which might be a reflection of inflammation itself or an effect of other parameters that contribute to the risk of the disease. Since NOD2 is an intracellular pattern recognition receptor that senses bacterial peptidoglycan in the cytosol and stimulates the host immune response (Al Nabhani et al., PLoS Pathog 13:e1006177, 2017), it is hypothesized that NOD2 variants represent perfect candidates for influencing host-microbiome interactions. We hypothesized that NOD2 risk variants affect the microbiome composition of healthy first degree relative (FDR) of CD patients and thus potentially contribute to an altered microbiome state before disease onset. METHODS Based on this, we studied a large cohort of 1546 healthy FDR of CD patients and performed a focused analysis of the association of three major CD SNPs in the coding region of the NOD2 gene, which are known to confer a 15-40-fold increased risk of developing CD in homozygous or compound heterozygous individuals. RESULTS Our results show that carriers of the C allele at rs2066845 was significantly associated with an increase in relative abundance in the fecal bacterial family Erysipelotrichaceae. CONCLUSIONS This result suggests that NOD2 polymorphisms contribute to fecal microbiome composition in asymptomatic individuals. Whether this modulation of the microbiome influences the future development of CD remains to be assessed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Williams Turpin
- Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Zane Cohen Centre for Digestive Diseases, Mount Sinai Hospital, 600 University Avenue Room 437, Toronto, Ontario, M5G 1X5, Canada
| | - Larbi Bedrani
- Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Osvaldo Espin-Garcia
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Sinai Health System, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Division of Biostatistics, Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Wei Xu
- Division of Biostatistics, Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Mark S Silverberg
- Zane Cohen Centre for Digestive Diseases, Mount Sinai Hospital, 600 University Avenue Room 437, Toronto, Ontario, M5G 1X5, Canada
| | - Michelle I Smith
- Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Juan Antonio Raygoza Garay
- Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Zane Cohen Centre for Digestive Diseases, Mount Sinai Hospital, 600 University Avenue Room 437, Toronto, Ontario, M5G 1X5, Canada
| | - Sun-Ho Lee
- Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Zane Cohen Centre for Digestive Diseases, Mount Sinai Hospital, 600 University Avenue Room 437, Toronto, Ontario, M5G 1X5, Canada
| | - David S Guttman
- Department of Cell & Systems Biology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Centre for the Analysis of Genome Evolution & Function, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Anne Griffiths
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Department of Paediatrics, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Paul Moayyedi
- Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Remo Panaccione
- Inflammatory Bowel Disease Clinic, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology of Gastroenterology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Hien Huynh
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Hillary A Steinhart
- Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Zane Cohen Centre for Digestive Diseases, Mount Sinai Hospital, 600 University Avenue Room 437, Toronto, Ontario, M5G 1X5, Canada
| | - Guy Aumais
- Hôpital Maisonneuve-Rosemont, Department of Medicine, Montreal University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Levinus A Dieleman
- Division of Gastroenterology and CEGIIR, Department of Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Dan Turner
- Department of pediatric GI, Shaare Zedek Medical Center, 91031, Jerusalem, Israel
| | | | - Andrew D Paterson
- Division of Biostatistics, Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Division of Epidemiology, Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Genetics and Genome Biology, The Hospital for Sick Children Research Institute, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Kenneth Croitoru
- Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada. .,Zane Cohen Centre for Digestive Diseases, Mount Sinai Hospital, 600 University Avenue Room 437, Toronto, Ontario, M5G 1X5, Canada.
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