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Zhang Y, Dong J, Sun T, Zhang X, Chen J, Xu L. Mo-Doped Mesoporous RuO 2 Spheres as High-Performance Acidic Oxygen Evolution Reaction Electrocatalyst. Small 2024; 20:e2305889. [PMID: 37939307 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202305889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2023] [Revised: 10/11/2023] [Indexed: 11/10/2023]
Abstract
The development of highly active and acid-stable electrocatalysts for oxygen evolution reaction (OER) is of great significance for water electrolysis technology. Herein, a highly efficient molybdenum-doped mesoporous ruthenium dioxide sphere (Mo-RuO2 ) catalyst is fabricated by a facile impregnation and post-calcination method using mesoporous carbon spheres to template the mesostructure. The optimal Mo0.15 -RuO2 catalyst with Mo doping amount of 15 mol.% exhibits a significantly low overpotential of 147 mV at 10 mA cm-2 , a small Tafel slope of 38 mV decade-1 , and enhanced electrochemical stability in acidic electrolyte, far superior to the commercial RuO2 catalyst. The experimental results and theoretical analysis reveal that the remarkable electrocatalytic performance can be attributed to the large surface area of the mesoporous spherical structure, the structural robustness of the interconnected mesoporous framework, and the change in the electronic structure of Ru active sites induced by Mo doping. These excellent advantages make Mo-doped mesoporous RuO2 spheres a promising catalyst for highly efficient electrocatalytic OER in acidic media.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yixin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Jing Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Tingting Sun
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Science and Application of Functional Molecular and Crystalline Materials, School of Chemistry and Biological Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Xiaohan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Jianfeng Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Lianbin Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, China
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2
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Wang J, Xu Q, Liu J, Kong W, Shi L. Electrostatic Self-Assembly of MXene on Ruthenium Dioxide-Modified Carbon Cloth for Electrochemical Detection of Kaempferol. Small 2023; 19:e2301709. [PMID: 37093500 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202301709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2023] [Revised: 03/26/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
A superior composite material consisting of MXene and ruthenium dioxide-modified carbon cloth is synthesized by pulsed laser deposition and electrostatic self-assembly, which is further utilized to construct a class of novel electrochemical (EC) sensors for kaempferol (KA) detection. The carbon-cloth-based electrodes modified by ruthenium dioxide and then MXene are characterized by X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscope, and X-ray photoemission spectroscopy. The EC process on the modified electrodes is analyzed by cyclic voltammetry, EC impedance spectroscopy, and differential pulse voltammetry. It is found that positively charged RuO2 not only possesses the remarkable electrical conductivity and electrocatalysis activity but also hampers the restacking of MXene, which accordingly enhances the exposure of the active surface area and greatly boosts the electrocatalysis activity of the entire composite. Consequently, this newly developed composite-based EC sensor exhibits a high sensitivity, selectivity, and remarkable stability to detect KA with two linear ranges of 0.06-1 and 1-15 µM. The inferred limit of detection is 0.039 µM via differential pulse voltammetry. More importantly, this novel EC sensor is found to be applicable for detecting KA in practical traditional Chinese medicines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Wang
- Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Resources Conservation, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine of the People's Republic of China, Engineering Research Center of Chinese Medicine Resource of Ministry of Education, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100193, P. R. China
| | - Qingbin Xu
- Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Resources Conservation, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine of the People's Republic of China, Engineering Research Center of Chinese Medicine Resource of Ministry of Education, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100193, P. R. China
| | - Jinxin Liu
- Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Resources Conservation, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine of the People's Republic of China, Engineering Research Center of Chinese Medicine Resource of Ministry of Education, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100193, P. R. China
| | - Weijun Kong
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, P. R. China
| | - Linchun Shi
- Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Resources Conservation, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine of the People's Republic of China, Engineering Research Center of Chinese Medicine Resource of Ministry of Education, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100193, P. R. China
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3
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Masia F, Langbein W, Fischer S, Krisponeit JO, Falta J. Low-energy electron microscopy intensity-voltage data - Factorization, sparse sampling and classification. J Microsc 2023; 289:91-106. [PMID: 36288376 PMCID: PMC10108219 DOI: 10.1111/jmi.13155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2022] [Revised: 09/15/2022] [Accepted: 10/17/2022] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Low-energy electron microscopy (LEEM) taken as intensity-voltage (I-V) curves provides hyperspectral images of surfaces, which can be used to identify the surface type, but are difficult to analyse. Here, we demonstrate the use of an algorithm for factorizing the data into spectra and concentrations of characteristic components (FSC3 ) for identifying distinct physical surface phases. Importantly, FSC3 is an unsupervised and fast algorithm. As example data we use experiments on the growth of praseodymium oxide or ruthenium oxide on ruthenium single crystal substrates, both featuring a complex distribution of coexisting surface components, varying in both chemical composition and crystallographic structure. With the factorization result a sparse sampling method is demonstrated, reducing the measurement time by 1-2 orders of magnitude, relevant for dynamic surface studies. The FSC3 concentrations are providing the features for a support vector machine-based supervised classification of the surface types. Here, specific surface regions which have been identified structurally, via their diffraction pattern, as well as chemically by complementary spectro-microscopic techniques, are used as training sets. A reliable classification is demonstrated on both example LEEM I-V data sets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Masia
- School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK.,School of Physics and Astronomy, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | | | - Simon Fischer
- Institute of Solid State Physics, University of Bremen, Bremen, Germany
| | - Jon-Olaf Krisponeit
- Institute of Solid State Physics, University of Bremen, Bremen, Germany.,MAPEX Center for Materials and Processes, University of Bremen, Bremen, Germany
| | - Jens Falta
- Institute of Solid State Physics, University of Bremen, Bremen, Germany.,MAPEX Center for Materials and Processes, University of Bremen, Bremen, Germany
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4
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Lenar N, Piech R, Paczosa-Bator B. Potentiometric Sensor with High Capacity Composite Composed of Ruthenium Dioxide and Poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) Polystyrene Sulfonate. Materials (Basel) 2021; 14:1891. [PMID: 33920197 PMCID: PMC8069098 DOI: 10.3390/ma14081891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2021] [Revised: 04/01/2021] [Accepted: 04/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
This work presents the first-time application of the ruthenium dioxide-poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) polystyrene sulfonate high-capacity composite material as a mediation layer in potassium selective electrodes, which turned out to significantly enhance the electrical and analytical parameters of the electrodes. The idea was to combine the properties of two different types of materials: a conducting polymer, poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) polystyrene sulfonate, and a metal oxide, ruthenium dioxide, in order to obtain the material for a solid-contact layer of great electrical and physicochemical parameters. The preparation method for composite material proposed in this work is fast and easy. The mediation layer material was examined using a scanning electron microscope and chronopotentiometry in order to confirm that all requirements for mediation layers materials were fulfilled. Ruthenium dioxide-poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) polystyrene sulfonate nancomposite material turned out to exhibit remarkably high electrical capacitance (of approximately 17.5 mF), which ensured great performance of designed K+-selective sensors. Electrodes of electrical capacity equal to 7.2 mF turned out to exhibit fast and stable (with only 0.077 mV potential change per hour) potentiometric responses in the wide range of potassium ion concentrations (10-6 M to 10-1 M). The electrical capacity of ruthenium dioxide-poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) polystyrene sulfonate-contacted electrodes characterized by electrical capacitance parameters was the highest reported so far for this type of sensor.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Beata Paczosa-Bator
- Faculty of Materials Science and Ceramics, AGH University of Science and Technology, Mickiewicza 30, 30059 Krakow, Poland; (N.L.); (R.P.)
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Lenar N, Piech R, Paczosa-Bator B. High Capacity Nanocomposite Layers Based on Nanoparticles of Carbon Materials and Ruthenium Dioxide for Potassium Sensitive Electrode. Materials (Basel) 2021; 14:1308. [PMID: 33803173 DOI: 10.3390/ma14051308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2021] [Revised: 02/26/2021] [Accepted: 03/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
This work presents the new concept of designing ion-selective electrodes based on the use of new composite materials consisting of carbon nanomaterials and ruthenium dioxide. Using two different materials varying in microstructure and properties, we could obtain one material for the mediation layer that adopted features coming of both components. Ruthenium dioxide characterized by high electrical capacity and mixed electronic-ionic transduction and nano-metric carbon materials were reportedly proved to improve the properties of ion-selective electrodes. Initially, only the materials and then the final electrodes were tested in the scope of the presented work, using scanning and transmission electron microscope, contact angle microscope, and various electrochemical techniques, including electrochemical impedance spectroscopy and chronopotentiometry. The obtained results confirmed beneficial influence of the designed nanocomposites on the ion-selective electrodes' properties. Nanosized structure, high capacity (characterized by the electrical capacitance value from approximately 5.5 mF for GR + RuO2 and CB + RuO2, up to 14 mF for NT + RuO2) and low hydrophilicity (represented by the contact angle from 60° for GR+RuO2, 80° for CB+RuO2, and up to 100° for NT + RuO2) of the mediation layer materials, allowed us to obtain water layer-free potassium-selective electrodes, characterized by rapid and stable potentiometric response in a wide range of concentrations-from 10-1 to 10-6 M K+.
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6
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Yao X, Vepsäläinen M, Isa F, Martin P, Munroe P, Bendavid A. Advanced RuO 2 Thin Films for pH Sensing Application. Sensors (Basel) 2020; 20:E6432. [PMID: 33187131 DOI: 10.3390/s20226432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2020] [Revised: 11/06/2020] [Accepted: 11/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
RuO2 thin films were prepared using magnetron sputtering under different deposition conditions, including direct current (DC) and radio frequency (RF) discharges, metallic/oxide cathodes, different substrate temperatures, pressures, and deposition times. The surface morphology, residual stress, composition, crystal structure, mechanical properties, and pH performances of these RuO2 thin films were investigated. The RuO2 thin films RF sputtered from a metallic cathode at 250 °C exhibited good pH sensitivity of 56.35 mV/pH. However, these films were rougher, less dense, and relatively softer. However, the DC sputtered RuO2 thin film prepared from an oxide cathode at 250 °C exhibited a pH sensitivity of 57.37 mV/pH with a smoother surface, denser microstructure and higher hardness. The thin film RF sputtered from the metallic cathode exhibited better pH response than those RF sputtered from the oxide cathode due to the higher percentage of the RuO3 phase present in this film.
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7
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Lee H, Kim Y, Yu A, Jin D, Jo A, Lee Y, Kim MH, Lee C. An Efficient Electrochemical Sensor Driven by Hierarchical Hetero-Nanostructures Consisting of RuO 2 Nanorods on WO 3 Nanofibers for Detecting Biologically Relevant Molecules. Sensors (Basel) 2019; 19:s19153295. [PMID: 31357512 PMCID: PMC6696473 DOI: 10.3390/s19153295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2019] [Revised: 07/17/2019] [Accepted: 07/23/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
By means of electrospinning with the thermal annealing process, we investigate a highly efficient sensing platform driven by a hierarchical hetero-nanostructure for the sensitive detection of biologically relevant molecules, consisting of single crystalline ruthenium dioxide nanorods (RuO2 NRs) directly grown on the surface of electrospun tungsten trioxide nanofibers (WO3 NFs). Electrochemical measurements reveal the enhanced electron transfer kinetics at the prepared RuO2 NRs-WO3 NFs hetero-nanostructures due to the incorporation of conductive RuO2 NRs nanostructures with a high surface area, resulting in improved relevant electrochemical sensing performances for detecting H2O2 and L-ascorbic acid with high sensitivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyerim Lee
- Department of Chemistry & Nanoscience, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Korea
| | - Yeomin Kim
- Department of Chemistry & Nanoscience, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Korea
| | - Areum Yu
- Department of Chemistry & Nanoscience, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Korea
| | - Dasol Jin
- Department of Chemistry & Nanoscience, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Korea
| | - Ara Jo
- Department of Chemistry & Nanoscience, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Korea
| | - Youngmi Lee
- Department of Chemistry & Nanoscience, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Korea.
| | - Myung Hwa Kim
- Department of Chemistry & Nanoscience, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Korea.
| | - Chongmok Lee
- Department of Chemistry & Nanoscience, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Korea.
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8
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Zhang W, Jiang Q, Lei Y, Alshareef HN. Wettability-Driven Assembly of Electrochemical Microsupercapacitors. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2019; 11:20905-20914. [PMID: 31099549 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.9b05635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
In this work, we demonstrate a wettability-driven assembly (WDA) process of active particulate materials for microsupercapacitor (MSC) fabrication. Our process uses three-dimensional laser-scribed graphene (LSG), derived from polyimide, as a current collector. We exploit the drastic wettability difference between LSG and unconverted polyimide toward water to assemble various electrodes on the LSG collectors. The WDA process is demonstrated using porous carbon and RuO2 nanoparticles, which are spontaneously and selectively assembled onto the LSG finger electrodes. The MSCs assembled using the WDA process with porous carbon as active material deliver a much higher areal capacitance (41.2 mF cm-2) compared to MSCs using LSG-only electrodes (1.2 mF cm-2). Thus, they deliver a high areal energy density of 5.71 μWh cm-2 with an areal power density of 4.0 mW cm-2. The capacitance and energy density of these porous carbon MSCs outperform most recently reported carbon-based MSCs. In comparison, the MSCs assembled using the WDA process with RuO2 nanoparticles as active material deliver an areal capacitance of 70.3 mF cm-2 and an areal energy density of 9.71 μWh cm-2. All in all, the WDA process is green, simple, and well suited for the fabrication of MSCs using many types of active materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenli Zhang
- Materials Science and Engineering, Physical Science and Engineering Division , King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST) , Thuwal 23955-6900 , Saudi Arabia
| | - Qiu Jiang
- Materials Science and Engineering, Physical Science and Engineering Division , King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST) , Thuwal 23955-6900 , Saudi Arabia
| | - Yongjiu Lei
- Materials Science and Engineering, Physical Science and Engineering Division , King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST) , Thuwal 23955-6900 , Saudi Arabia
| | - Husam N Alshareef
- Materials Science and Engineering, Physical Science and Engineering Division , King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST) , Thuwal 23955-6900 , Saudi Arabia
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9
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Abstract
Conventional development of nanomaterials for efficient electrocatalysis is largely based on performance-oriented trial-and-error/iterative approaches, while a rational design approach at the atomic/molecular level is yet to be found. Here, inspired by a fundamental understanding of the mechanism for both oxygen and hydrogen evolution half reactions (OER/HER), a unique strategy is presented to engineer RuO2 for superior alkaline water electrolysis through coupling with NiO as an efficient bifunctional promoter. Benefitting from desired potential-induced interfacial synergies, NiO-derived NiOOH improves the oxygen binding energy of RuO2 for enhanced OER, and NiO also promotes water dissociation for enhanced HER on RuO2 -derived Ru. The resulting hybrid material exhibits remarkable bifunctional activities, affording 2.6 times higher OER activity than that of RuO2 and an HER activity comparable to Pt/C. As a result, the simple system requires only 1.5 V to deliver 10 mA cm-2 for overall alkaline water splitting, outperforming the benchmark PtC/NF||IrO2 /NF couple with high mass loading. Comprehensive electrochemical investigation reveals the unique and critical role of NiO on the optimized RuO2 /NiO interface for synergistically enhanced activities, which may be extended to broader (electro)catalytic systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinlong Liu
- School of Chemical Engineering, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, 5005, Australia
| | - Yao Zheng
- School of Chemical Engineering, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, 5005, Australia
| | - Yan Jiao
- School of Chemical Engineering, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, 5005, Australia
| | - Zhenyu Wang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, South University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518005, P. R. China
| | - Zhouguang Lu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, South University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518005, P. R. China
| | - Anthony Vasileff
- School of Chemical Engineering, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, 5005, Australia
| | - Shi-Zhang Qiao
- School of Chemical Engineering, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, 5005, Australia
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, P. R. China
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10
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Tseng SC, Wu TY, Chou JC, Liao YH, Lai CH, Yan SJ, Tseng TW. Investigation of Sensitivities and Drift Effects of the Arrayed Flexible Chloride Sensor Based on RuO₂/GO at Different Temperatures. Sensors (Basel) 2018; 18:s18020632. [PMID: 29461506 PMCID: PMC5855318 DOI: 10.3390/s18020632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2018] [Revised: 02/17/2018] [Accepted: 02/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
We investigate the temperature effect on sensing characteristics and drift effect of an arrayed flexible ruthenium dioxide (RuO2)/graphene oxide (GO) chloride sensor at different solution temperatures between 10 °C and 50 °C. The average sensor sensitivities according to our experimental results were 28.2 ± 1.4 mV/pCl (10 °C), 42.5 ± 2.0 mV/pCl (20 °C), 47.1 ± 1.8 mV/pCl (30 °C), 54.1 ± 2.01 mV/pCl (40 °C) and 46.6 ± 2.1 mV/pCl (50 °C). We found the drift effects of an arrayed flexible RuO2/GO chloride sensor in a 1 M NaCl solution to be between 8.2 mV/h and 2.5 mV/h with solution temperatures from 10 °C to 50 °C.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shi-Chang Tseng
- Graduate School of Mechanical Engineering, National Yunlin University of Science and Technology, Douliu 64002, Taiwan.
| | - Tong-Yu Wu
- Graduate School of Mechanical Engineering, National Yunlin University of Science and Technology, Douliu 64002, Taiwan.
| | - Jung-Chuan Chou
- Department of Electronic Engineering, National Yunlin University of Science and Technology, Douliu 64002, Taiwan.
- Graduate School of Electronic Engineering, National Yunlin University of Science and Technology, Douliu 64002, Taiwan.
| | - Yi-Hung Liao
- Department of Information and Electronic Commerce Management, TransWorld University, Douliu 64002, Taiwan.
| | - Chih-Hsien Lai
- Department of Electronic Engineering, National Yunlin University of Science and Technology, Douliu 64002, Taiwan.
- Graduate School of Electronic Engineering, National Yunlin University of Science and Technology, Douliu 64002, Taiwan.
| | - Siao-Jie Yan
- Graduate School of Electronic Engineering, National Yunlin University of Science and Technology, Douliu 64002, Taiwan.
| | - Ting-Wei Tseng
- Department of Electronic Engineering, National Yunlin University of Science and Technology, Douliu 64002, Taiwan.
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11
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Exner KS, Anton J, Jacob T, Over H. Controlling selectivity in the chlorine evolution reaction over RuO₂-based catalysts. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2014; 53:11032-5. [PMID: 25154724 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201406112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2014] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
In the industrially important Chlor-Alkali process, the chlorine evolution reaction (CER) over a ruthenium dioxide (RuO2) catalyst competes with the oxygen evolution reaction (OER). This selectivity issue is elucidated on the microscopic level with the single-crystalline model electrode RuO2(110) by employing density functional theory (DFT) calculations in combination with the concept of volcano plots. We demonstrate that one monolayer of TiO2(110) supported on RuO2(110) enhances the selectivity towards the CER by several orders of magnitudes, while preserving the high activity for the CER. This win-win situation is attributed to the different slopes of the volcano curves for the CER and OER.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai S Exner
- Physical Chemistry Department, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 58, 35392 Giessen (Germany)
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12
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Liao YH, Chou JC, Lin CY. Reliability of measured data for pH sensor arrays with fault diagnosis and data fusion based on LabVIEW. Sensors (Basel) 2013; 13:17281-17291. [PMID: 24351636 PMCID: PMC3892877 DOI: 10.3390/s131217281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2013] [Revised: 11/19/2013] [Accepted: 12/11/2013] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Fault diagnosis (FD) and data fusion (DF) technologies implemented in the LabVIEW program were used for a ruthenium dioxide pH sensor array. The purpose of the fault diagnosis and data fusion technologies is to increase the reliability of measured data. Data fusion is a very useful statistical method used for sensor arrays in many fields. Fault diagnosis is used to avoid sensor faults and to measure errors in the electrochemical measurement system, therefore, in this study, we use fault diagnosis to remove any faulty sensors in advance, and then proceed with data fusion in the sensor array. The average, self-adaptive and coefficient of variance data fusion methods are used in this study. The pH electrode is fabricated with ruthenium dioxide (RuO2) sensing membrane using a sputtering system to deposit it onto a silicon substrate, and eight RuO2 pH electrodes are fabricated to form a sensor array for this study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Hung Liao
- Department of Information Management, Transworld University, 1221 Zhennan Rd., Yunlin 64063, Taiwan
| | - Jung-Chuan Chou
- Graduate School of Electronic and Optoelectronic Engineering, National Yunlin University of Science and Technology, 123 University Rd., Yunlin 64002, Taiwan; E-Mails: (J.-C.C.); (C.-Y.L.)
| | - Chin-Yi Lin
- Graduate School of Electronic and Optoelectronic Engineering, National Yunlin University of Science and Technology, 123 University Rd., Yunlin 64002, Taiwan; E-Mails: (J.-C.C.); (C.-Y.L.)
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13
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Liao YH, Chou JC. Comparison of pH Data Measured with a pH Sensor Array Using Different Data Fusion Methods. Sensors (Basel) 2012; 12:12098-12109. [PMCID: PMC3478829 DOI: 10.3390/s120912098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2012] [Revised: 08/21/2012] [Accepted: 08/24/2012] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
This paper introduces different data fusion methods which are used for an electrochemical measurement using a sensor array. In this study, we used ruthenium dioxide sensing membrane pH electrodes to form a sensor array. The sensor array was used for detecting the pH values of grape wine, generic cola drink and bottled base water. The measured pH data were used for data fusion methods to increase the reliability of the measured results, and we also compared the fusion results with other different data fusion methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Hung Liao
- Department of Information Management, TransWorld University, 1221 Zhennan Rd., Yunlin 64063, Taiwan; E-Mail:
| | - Jung-Chuan Chou
- Graduate School of Electronic and Optoelectronic Engineering, National Yunlin University of Science and Technology, 123 University Rd., Yunlin 64002, Taiwan
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14
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Liao YH, Chou JC. Drift and Hysteresis Characteristics of Drug Sensors Based on Ruthenium Dioxide Membrane. Sensors (Basel) 2008; 8:5386-5396. [PMID: 27873820 PMCID: PMC3705510 DOI: 10.3390/s8095386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2008] [Revised: 08/14/2008] [Accepted: 08/29/2008] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The drug sensing properties of procaine and berberine drug sensors based on ruthenium dioxide thin film were investigated. Ruthenium dioxide (RuO2) membrane prepared using a sputtering method was used as substrates for the drug sensors. The procaine and berberine drug sensors were prepared using a drug-saensitive membrane that measured the procaine and berberine concentration in a linear range from 1×10-2 M to 1×10-6 M and from 1×10-2 M to 1×10-7 M, respectively. The drift rates and hyteresis widths of these ruthenium dioxide based drug sensors were also investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Hung Liao
- Graduate School of Engineering Science and Technology, National Yunlin University of Science and Technology / 123, 3 sec. University Rd., Douliou, Yunlin, Taiwan.
- Department of Information Management, Transworld of Institute of Technology / 1221, Jen-Nang Rd., Chia-Tong Li, Douliou, Yunlin, Taiwan.
| | - Jung-Chuan Chou
- Graduate School of Engineering Science and Technology, National Yunlin University of Science and Technology / 123, 3 sec. University Rd., Douliou, Yunlin, Taiwan.
- Graduate School of Electronic Engineering, National Yunlin University of Science and Technology/ 123, 3 sec. University Rd., Douliou, Yunlin, Taiwan.
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