Early diagnosis of HIV/aids infection: concept analysis

OBJECTIVES

to analyze the concept of "early diagnosis of HIV/Aids infection" in light of Walker and Avant's conceptual analysis model.

METHODS

concept analysis study based on the framework proposed by Walker and Avant, instrumented by a scoping review conducted in April 2022, following the recommendations of the Joanna Briggs Institute and checklist Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses extension for Scoping Reviews. The search was made in eight data sources, obtaining sixteen articles.

RESULTS

the study found homosexual intercourses, early examination, anti-HIV antibodies, CD4 count, and sexually transmitted infection as the main attributes of the concept. As antecedents: information, risky behavior, unprotected sexual relations, prevention, and access to the service. As main consequences: antiretroviral treatment, seroconversion, transmission, and consultations.

FINAL CONSIDERATIONS

the study approached the circumstantial situations of the theme, its attributes, antecedents, and consequences, qualifying the work process based on knowledge of nursing practice.

"Educational Material on HIV": validity of health educational technology for people living with HIV

OBJECTIVES

to validate the educational technology "Educational Material on HIV" (INPI - BR 10 2020 003765 0).

METHODS

a methodological study with 39 expert judges in HIV/AIDS, using a 5-point Likert scale for assessment. Data were tabulated, processed and analyzed through descriptive analysis. Cronbach's alpha and McDonald's omega tests were performed to analyze internal consistency, and the Intraclass Correlation Coefficient, for reliability. Agreement was established by a Level Content Validity Index greater than 0.90.

RESULTS

the assessment instrument showed high internal consistency (Cronbach's alpha of 0.89; McDonald's omega of 0.91) with reliable values. Based on the Intraclass Correlation Coefficient, judges' answers showed acceptable reliability, mean score 0.89 (p<0.001). Agreement among judges was greater than 0.90 in the three assessed dimensions (objectives, presentation and relevance).

CONCLUSIONS

the technology was considered a qualified and adequate tool by the judges regarding its objectives, presentation and relevance.

Development and validation of an instrument for the evaluation of HIV care in Primary Health Care

OBJECTIVE

To develop and validate an instrument to evaluate the decentralization process of care for People Living with HIV in Primary Health Care.

METHOD

Methodological study, developed in four stages: elaboration of the logical model based on the triad Structure-Process-Outcomes; development of the instrument; content validation by expert judges and technical reviewers; and semantic validation. Online questionnaires were used, and the Kappa index was used for analysis.

RESULTS

The instrument with 68 items and 8 factors was submitted to validation by expert judges who recommended the exclusion of 3 items and the alteration of 2 factors. In the validation by technical reviewers, 2 items were excluded and 6 factors were highlighted; the agreement index was ≥0.75. In the semantic validation, 87.3% of the judges answered "totally agree" for the items presented.

CONCLUSION

The instrument is validated for its content, has 63 items and has the potential to assess the care provided for people living with HIV in Primary Health Care.

Assessment of pain and associated factors in people living with HIV/AIDS

OBJECTIVE

to evaluate pain in people living with human immunodeficiency virus/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome and to relate it to sociodemographic and clinical factors, depressive symptoms and health-related quality of life.

METHOD

descriptive, analytical, observational, cross-sectional and quantitative study. Three hundred and two (302) people assisted at a specialized care service participated in the study. Instruments were used to evaluate sociodemographic and clinical data, depressive symptoms, and health-related quality of life. Descriptive, bivariate analysis and multiple logistic regression were used.

RESULTS

the incidence of pain of mild intensity was 59.27%, recurrent in the head, with interference in mood, mostly affecting females and individuals with no schooling/low schooling. Women were more likely to have moderate or severe pain. People aged 49 to 59 years had greater pain intensity than people aged 18 to 29 years. The variables depressive symptoms and pain were directly proportional. The higher the health-related quality of life and schooling, the lower was the possibility of presence of pain.

CONCLUSION

presence of pain is of concern and has association with female sex, lack of schooling/low schooling, worse level of health-related quality of life and presence of depressive symptoms.

Histoplasmosis in the nasal septum without pulmonary involvement in a patient with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome: case report and literature review

CONTEXT

Histoplasmosis is a fungal disease caused by inhaling spores of the fungus Histoplasma capsulatum. The spores can be found in soil contaminated with bird, bat or chicken feces. Histoplasmosis occurs worldwide and is one of the most common pulmonary and systemic mycoses.

CASE REPORT

We report here the case of a 37-year-old man with acquired immune deficiency syndrome and histoplasmosis in the nasal septum, without pulmonary involvement, that evolved rapidly to disseminated infection, multiple organ failure and death.

The experience of infectologists faced with death and dying among their patients over the course of the AIDS epidemic in the city of São Paulo: qualitative study

CONTEXT AND OBJECTIVE

With the emergence of the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) in 1981, infectologists' care practices went through great changes. The objective of this study was to describe and analyze the experiences of infectologists in dealing with death and dying among their patients, over the course of the AIDS epidemic in the city of São Paulo.

DESIGN AND SETTING

A qualitative approach was used. Twenty infectologists from five hospitals that treat human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)/AIDS patients in the municipality of São Paulo were interviewed.

METHODS

The sample was formed through the snowball process. The sample size was determined using the saturation criterion. To analyze the material obtained from the interviews, the procedure of thematic analysis was used. This consisted of finding the core meaning relating to the study objective, within the set of materials obtained.

RESULTS

Analysis of the material obtained from the interviews led to three main themes: 1. The initial context of AIDS and its impact on infectologists; 2. Modifications to the infectologists' attachments to patients after the introduction of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART); 3. Coping with death and dying.

CONCLUSIONS

This study shows the importance of considering the distress, emotional overload and adaptive mechanisms relating to death and dying among patients, both in training and in professional practice.