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Proskurnina EV, Liaukovich KM, Bychkovskaya LS, Mikheev IV, Alshanskaia EI, Proskurnin MA, Martynova OV, Portnova GV. Salivary Antioxidant Capacity and Magnesium in Generalized Anxiety Disorder. Metabolites 2023; 13. [PMID: 36676998 DOI: 10.3390/metabo13010073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2022] [Revised: 12/29/2022] [Accepted: 12/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) is a prevalent disorder. The search for biomarkers may contribute to new knowledge about molecular pathogenesis and treatment. Since oxidative stress and micronutrient imbalance play a key role in the development of mental disorders, we aimed to study salivary antioxidant capacity and magnesium in patients with GAD in an anxiety model of solving problems with increasing complexity. The study subgroup consisted of 15 patients with GAD, and 17 healthy volunteers of the same age made up the control subgroup. Participants took a test with six levels of difficulty, which included false feedback. In this test, the participants were asked to remember the colors of balloons and react when the color changed. The reaction time, the number of correct answers, as well as biochemical parameters such as the antioxidant capacity of saliva and salivary magnesium, were assessed. There was no difference in the results of the quest between the subgroups; however, anxious participants spent more time at the moment of experimental frustration due to incorrect feedback and additional negative psycho-emotional load. Antioxidant capacity did not differ between the subgroups both before and after the experimental session. Average antioxidant capacity also did not change significantly at the endpoint of the experiment. However, the endpoint antioxidant capacity correlated negatively with the reaction time in anxious patients in the second block (where the false feedback as a frustrating factor appeared). Magnesium was initially significantly higher in the group of anxious participants and decreased at the experiment endpoint; in healthy patients, there were no changes in salivary magnesium at the endpoint. In conclusion, the compensatory potential of oxidative metabolism and magnesium in patients with GAD was spent with additional psycho-emotional stress, in contrast to healthy individuals, but it was sufficient to avoid exhaustion during experimental frustrating exposure.
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Proskurnina EV, Sokolova SV, Portnova GV. Touch-induced emotional comfort results in an increase in the salivary antioxidant potential: A correlational study. Psychophysiology 2021; 58:e13854. [PMID: 34061347 DOI: 10.1111/psyp.13854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2020] [Revised: 05/05/2021] [Accepted: 05/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
A pleasant touch reduces psychoemotional stress via the oxytocin mechanism due to its anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects. Our research is aimed to reveal the correlations between the subjectively perceived pleasantness of touch, the antioxidant potential of saliva, and salivary oxytocin. A total of 56 healthy volunteers aged 18-38 years participated in the study. The control group consisted of 24 volunteers. The participants were subjected to tactile stimulation using a specially designed protocol. They ranked the touch pleasantness on a scale from 1 to 10. Heart rate variability and low-frequency/high-frequency ratios from the power spectral density of ECG were determined to assess psychoemotional relaxation. Salivary oxytocin and antioxidant capacity were quantified before and after the touch test. We found a significant increase in salivary antioxidant potential and oxytocin after pleasant tactile stimulation for the participants compared to the control group. The difference in antioxidant capacity values before and after the test positively correlated with mean pleasantness in the touch test (r = 0.57) and the difference in heart rate variability (r = 0.67); it negatively correlated with the difference in low-frequency/high-frequency ECG band ratio (r = -0.59). Oxytocin ratio positively correlated with the difference in antioxidant capacity values (r = 0.47). As a result of tactile stimulation, a significant increase in the antioxidant capacity of saliva and salivary oxytocin was found in the test group compared to the control group. These findings support further studies of the effects of pleasant touch on hormonal and oxidative metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena V Proskurnina
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Research Centre for Medical Genetics, Moscow, Russia
| | - Svetlana V Sokolova
- Medical Research and Educational Center, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Galina V Portnova
- Laboratory of the Human Higher Nervous Activity, Institute of Higher Nervous Activity and Neurophysiology of Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
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Maciejczyk M, Taranta-Janusz K, Wasilewska A, Kossakowska A, Zalewska A. A Case-Control Study of Salivary Redox Homeostasis in Hypertensive Children. Can Salivary Uric Acid be a Marker of Hypertension? J Clin Med 2020; 9:E837. [PMID: 32204502 PMCID: PMC7141280 DOI: 10.3390/jcm9030837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2020] [Revised: 03/12/2020] [Accepted: 03/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress plays a critical role in the pathogenesis of hypertension; however, there are no data on salivary redox homeostasis and salivary gland function in children with hypertension. A total of 53 children with hypertension and age- and sex-matched controls were classified for the study. The antioxidant barrier and oxidative/nitrosative stress were evaluated in non-stimulated (NWS) and stimulated (SWS) whole saliva, plasma, and erythrocytes, with Student's t-test and Mann-Whitney U-test used for statistical analysis. We demonstrated that the activities of superoxide dismutase, catalase, and peroxidase were significantly higher in NWS, SWS, and erythrocytes of children with hypertension, similar to oxidative damage in proteins (advanced glycation end products) and lipids (malondialdehyde) as well as nitrosative stress markers (peroxynitrite and nitrotyrosine). The level of uric acid (UA) was significantly higher in NWS, SWS, and plasma of children with hypertension. UA concentration in SWS correlated positively with systolic and diastolic blood pressure and UA content in plasma. This parameter differentiates children with hypertension from healthy controls (AUC = 0.98) with a high degree of sensitivity (94%) and specificity (94%). Stimulated salivary flow was significantly lower in the hypertension group, similar to total protein content and salivary amylase activity. In summary, childhood hypertension is associated with hyposalivation as well as disturbances in antioxidant defense and enhanced oxidative/nitrosative damage both in the plasma/erythrocytes as well as saliva. Salivary UA may be a potential biomarker of hypertension in children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mateusz Maciejczyk
- Department of Hygiene, Epidemiology and Ergonomics, Medical University of Bialystok, 2c Mickiewicza Street, 15-233 Bialystok, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Taranta-Janusz
- Department of Pediatrics and Nephrology, Medical University of Bialystok, 24a M. Sklodowskiej-Curie Street, 15-274 Bialystok, Poland; (K.T.-J.); (A.W.)
| | - Anna Wasilewska
- Department of Pediatrics and Nephrology, Medical University of Bialystok, 24a M. Sklodowskiej-Curie Street, 15-274 Bialystok, Poland; (K.T.-J.); (A.W.)
| | - Agnieszka Kossakowska
- Experimental Dentistry Laboratory, Medical University of Bialystok, 24a M. Sklodowskiej-Curie Street, 15-274 Bialystok, Poland; (A.K.); (A.Z.)
| | - Anna Zalewska
- Experimental Dentistry Laboratory, Medical University of Bialystok, 24a M. Sklodowskiej-Curie Street, 15-274 Bialystok, Poland; (A.K.); (A.Z.)
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Maciejczyk M, Matczuk J, Żendzian-Piotrowska M, Niklińska W, Fejfer K, Szarmach I, Ładny JR, Zieniewska I, Zalewska A. Eight-Week Consumption of High-Sucrose Diet Has a Pro-Oxidant Effect and Alters the Function of the Salivary Glands of Rats. Nutrients 2018; 10:E1530. [PMID: 30336621 PMCID: PMC6212933 DOI: 10.3390/nu10101530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2018] [Revised: 10/02/2018] [Accepted: 10/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
A high-sucrose diet (HSD) is widely known for its cariogenic effects and promotion of obesity, insulin resistance, type 2 diabetes, and cancer. However, the impact of the HSD diet on the salivary gland function as well as the level of salivary oxidative stress is still unknown and requires evaluation. Our study is the first to determine both redox balance and oxidative injury in the parotid and submandibular glands of rats fed the HSD diet compared to the control group. We have demonstrated that uric acid concentration and the activity of superoxide dismutase and peroxidase varied significantly in both the submandibular and parotid glands of HSD rats vs. the control group. However, enhanced oxidative damage to proteins, lipids, and DNA (increase in advanced glycation end products, advanced oxidation protein products, 4-hydroxynonenal, and 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine) was observed only in the parotid glands of HSD rats. Moreover, the HSD diet also reduced the total protein content and amylase activity in both types of salivary glands and decreased the stimulated salivary flow rate. To sum up, an HSD diet reduces salivary gland function and disturbs the redox balance of the parotid as well as submandibular salivary glands. However, the parotid glands are more vulnerable to both antioxidant disturbances and oxidative damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mateusz Maciejczyk
- Department of Physiology, Medical University of Bialystok, 2c Mickiewicza Street, 15-233 Bialystok, Poland.
| | - Jan Matczuk
- County Veterinary Inspection, Zwycięstwa 26b Street, 15-959 Bialystok, Poland.
| | | | - Wiesława Niklińska
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Medical University of Bialystok, Waszyngtona 13 Street, 15-233 Bialystok, Poland.
| | - Katarzyna Fejfer
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, Medical University of Bialystok, Sklodowska 24a Street, 15-274 Bialystok, Poland.
| | - Izabela Szarmach
- Department of Orthodontics, Medical University of Bialystok, Waszyngtona 15a Street, 15-274 Bialystok, Poland.
| | - Jerzy Robert Ładny
- Department of Emergency Medicine and Disasters, Medical University of Bialystok, Szpitalna 37 Street, 15-767 Bialystok, Poland.
| | - Izabela Zieniewska
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, Medical University of Bialystok, Sklodowska 24a Street, 15-274 Bialystok, Poland.
| | - Anna Zalewska
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, Medical University of Bialystok, Sklodowska 24a Street, 15-274 Bialystok, Poland.
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Falkowski M, Maciejczyk M, Koprowicz T, Mikołuć B, Milewska A, Zalewska A, Car H. Whey Protein Concentrate WPC-80 Improves Antioxidant Defense Systems in the Salivary Glands of 14-Month Wistar Rats. Nutrients 2018; 10:nu10060782. [PMID: 29914217 PMCID: PMC6024865 DOI: 10.3390/nu10060782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2018] [Revised: 06/14/2018] [Accepted: 06/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Whey protein concentrate (WPC) is characterized by powerful antioxidant properties, but its effect on redox homeostasis of salivary glands of aging organisms is still unknown. In this study, we are the first to evaluate the antioxidant barrier of salivary glands of 14-month Wistar rats fed WPC-80. Total antioxidant status (TAS), total oxidant status (TOS), oxidative stress index (OSI), activities of glutathione peroxidase (GPx), superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) as well as concentrations of reduced glutathione (GSH) are estimated in the submandibular and parotid glands of rats administered WPC-80 intragastrically for a period of 7 and 14 days. We demonstrate a significant increase in GSH, GPx and SOD in the salivary glands of rats fed WPC-80 for 14 days and a significant increase in TAS, GPx and SOD in the parotid glands of rats fed WPC-80 for 7 days compared to control rats. The beneficial effects of WPC-80 on salivary glands are also demonstrated by lower TOS and OSI in the parotid glands of rats fed WPC-80 compared to the submandibular glands. In summary, we demonstrate that WPC-80 improves redox homeostasis in salivary glands, particularly in the parotid glands of old rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mateusz Falkowski
- Department of Experimental Pharmacology, Medical University of Bialystok, 37 Szpitalna Street, 15-767 Bialystok, Poland.
- ZOZ Clinic of Dentistry and Medicine, E. and B. Falkowscy CLP., 17B Zarzecze Street, 16-300 Augustów, Poland.
| | - Mateusz Maciejczyk
- Department of Experimental Pharmacology, Medical University of Bialystok, 37 Szpitalna Street, 15-767 Bialystok, Poland.
- Department of Physiology, Medical University of Bialystok, 2c Mickiewicza Street, 15-233 Bialystok, Poland.
| | - Tomasz Koprowicz
- Department of Experimental Pharmacology, Medical University of Bialystok, 37 Szpitalna Street, 15-767 Bialystok, Poland.
- Servier Polska LTD, 10 Jana Kazimierza Street, 01-248 Warszawa, Poland.
| | - Bożena Mikołuć
- Department of Pediatrics, Rheumatology, Immunology and Metabolic Bone Diseases, Medical University of Bialystok, 17 Waszyngtona Street, 15-274 Białystok, Poland.
| | - Anna Milewska
- Department of Statistics and Medical Informatics, Medical University of Bialystok, 37 Szpitalna Street, 15-767 Bialystok, Poland.
| | - Anna Zalewska
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, Medical University of Bialystok, 24a M. Sklodowskiej-Curie Street, 15-274 Bialystok, Poland.
| | - Halina Car
- Department of Experimental Pharmacology, Medical University of Bialystok, 37 Szpitalna Street, 15-767 Bialystok, Poland.
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Zalewska A, Knaś M, Zendzian-Piotrowska M, Waszkiewicz N, Szulimowska J, Prokopiuk S, Waszkiel D, Car H. Antioxidant profile of salivary glands in high fat diet-induced insulin resistance rats. Oral Dis 2013; 20:560-6. [PMID: 24106991 DOI: 10.1111/odi.12173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2013] [Revised: 07/10/2013] [Accepted: 08/04/2013] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE There is no study analyzing the salivary antioxidant profile in the course of the insulin resistance. MATERIALS AND METHODS Rats were divided into two groups. One group was fed with a normal diet, another one with a high fat diet for 5 weeks. The analysis included: catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase, peroxidase activities, uric acid, and total antioxidant status concentrations. RESULTS The activity of peroxidase in both kind of glands of insulin resistance rats was significantly reduced than in the control rats. The protein concentration, total amount of total antioxidant status in the parotid glands of insulin resistance rats were significantly lower than in the control glands The total amount of superoxide dismutase, CAT, and uric acid in the parotid glands of insulin resistance rats were significantly elevated in comparison with the control rats. The median values of the total amount of superoxide dismutase, CAT, peroxidase, total antioxidant status were significantly higher in the parotid than in the submandibular glands of the insulin resistance and control rats. CONCLUSION Parotid and submandibular glands of rats react differently when exposed to insulin resistance condition; however, the parotid glands seem to be more affected. The main source of antioxidants is parotid glands of rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Zalewska
- Department of Pedodontics, Medical University, Bialystok, Poland
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