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De Falco P, Weinkamer R, Wagermaier W, Li C, Snow T, Terrill NJ, Gupta HS, Goyal P, Stoll M, Benner P, Fratzl P. Tomographic X-ray scattering based on invariant reconstruction: analysis of the 3D nanostructure of bovine bone. J Appl Crystallogr 2021; 54:486-497. [PMID: 33953654 PMCID: PMC8056764 DOI: 10.1107/s1600576721000881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2020] [Accepted: 01/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
A new tomographic approach using X-ray scattering is presented, allowing the characterization of the 3D nanostructure of hybrid materials. Small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) is an effective characterization technique for multi-phase nanocomposites. The structural complexity and heterogeneity of biological materials require the development of new techniques for the 3D characterization of their hierarchical structures. Emerging SAXS tomographic methods allow reconstruction of the 3D scattering pattern in each voxel but are costly in terms of synchrotron measurement time and computer time. To address this problem, an approach has been developed based on the reconstruction of SAXS invariants to allow for fast 3D characterization of nanostructured inhomogeneous materials. SAXS invariants are scalars replacing the 3D scattering patterns in each voxel, thus simplifying the 6D reconstruction problem to several 3D ones. Standard procedures for tomographic reconstruction can be directly adapted for this problem. The procedure is demonstrated by determining the distribution of the nanometric bone mineral particle thickness (T parameter) throughout a macroscopic 3D volume of bovine cortical bone. The T parameter maps display spatial patterns of particle thickness in fibrolamellar bone units. Spatial correlation between the mineral nanostructure and microscopic features reveals that the mineral particles are particularly thin in the vicinity of vascular channels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paolino De Falco
- Department of Biomaterials, Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, Am Mühlenberg 1, 14476 Potsdam, Germany
| | - Richard Weinkamer
- Department of Biomaterials, Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, Am Mühlenberg 1, 14476 Potsdam, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Wagermaier
- Department of Biomaterials, Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, Am Mühlenberg 1, 14476 Potsdam, Germany
| | - Chenghao Li
- Department of Biomaterials, Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, Am Mühlenberg 1, 14476 Potsdam, Germany
| | - Tim Snow
- Diamond Light Source Ltd, Diamond House, Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, Didcot, Oxfordshire OX11 0DE, United Kingdom
| | - Nicholas J Terrill
- Diamond Light Source Ltd, Diamond House, Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, Didcot, Oxfordshire OX11 0DE, United Kingdom
| | - Himadri S Gupta
- School of Engineering and Materials Science, Queen Mary University of London, London E1 4NS, United Kingdom
| | - Pawan Goyal
- Max Planck Institute for Dynamics of Complex Technical Systems, Sandtorstrasse 1, 39106 Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Martin Stoll
- Max Planck Institute for Dynamics of Complex Technical Systems, Sandtorstrasse 1, 39106 Magdeburg, Germany.,Department of Mathematics, TU Chemnitz, Reichenhainer Strasse 41, 09126 Chemnitz, Germany
| | - Peter Benner
- Max Planck Institute for Dynamics of Complex Technical Systems, Sandtorstrasse 1, 39106 Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Peter Fratzl
- Department of Biomaterials, Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, Am Mühlenberg 1, 14476 Potsdam, Germany
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