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Valente MT, Orzali L, Manetti G, Magnanimi F, Matere A, Bergamaschi V, Grottoli A, Bechini S, Riccioni L, Aragona M. Rapid molecular assay for the evaluation of clove essential oil antifungal activity against wheat common bunt. Front Plant Sci 2023; 14:1130793. [PMID: 37342131 PMCID: PMC10277744 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1130793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2022] [Accepted: 05/17/2023] [Indexed: 06/22/2023]
Abstract
Common bunt of durum wheat (DW), Triticum turgidum L. ssp. durum (Desf.) Husn., is caused by the two closely related fungal species belonging to Tilletia genus (Tilletiales, Exobasidiomycetes, Ustilaginomycotina): Tilletia laevis Kühn (syn. T. foetida (Wallr.) Liro.) and T. caries (DC) Tul. (syn. T. tritici (Bjerk.) G. Winter). This is one of the most devastating diseases in wheat growing areas worldwide, causing considerable yield loss and reduction of wheat grains and flour quality. For these reasons, a fast, specific, sensitive, and cost-effective method for an early diagnosis of common bunt in wheat seedlings is urgent. Several molecular and serological methods were developed for diagnosis of common bunt in wheat seedlings but at late phenological stages (inflorescence) or based on conventional PCR amplification, with low sensitivity. In this study, a TaqMan Real Time PCR-based assay was developed for rapid diagnosis and quantification of T. laevis in young wheat seedlings, before tillering stage. This method, along with phenotypic analysis, was used to study conditions favoring pathogen infection and to evaluate the effectiveness of clove oil-based seed dressing in controlling the disease. The overall results showed that: i) the Real Time PCR assay was able to quantify T. laevis in young wheat seedlings after seed dressing by clove oil in different formulations, greatly reducing times of analysis. It showed high sensitivity, detecting up to 10 fg of pathogen DNA, specificity and robustness, allowing to directly analyze crude plant extracts and representing a useful tool to speed up the tests of genetic breeding for disease resistance; ii) temperature was a critical point for disease development when using wheat seeds contaminated by T. laevis spores; iii) at least one of the clove oil-based formulations tested was able to efficiently control wheat common bunt, suggesting that clove oil dressing could represent a promising tool for managing the disease, especially in sustainable farming.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Teresa Valente
- Council for Agricultural Research and Economics (CREA), Research Centre for Plant Protection and Certification (CREA-DC), Rome, Italy
| | - Laura Orzali
- Council for Agricultural Research and Economics (CREA), Research Centre for Plant Protection and Certification (CREA-DC), Rome, Italy
| | - Giuliano Manetti
- Council for Agricultural Research and Economics (CREA), Research Centre for Plant Protection and Certification (CREA-DC), Rome, Italy
- Department of Environmental Biology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Francesco Magnanimi
- Council for Agricultural Research and Economics (CREA), Research Centre for Plant Protection and Certification (CREA-DC), Rome, Italy
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology “Charles Darwin”, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Antonio Matere
- Council for Agricultural Research and Economics (CREA), Research Centre for Plant Protection and Certification (CREA-DC), Rome, Italy
| | - Valentino Bergamaschi
- Council for Agricultural Research and Economics (CREA), Research Centre for Plant Protection and Certification (CREA-DC), Rome, Italy
- Department of Environmental Biology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Alessandro Grottoli
- Council for Agricultural Research and Economics (CREA), Research Centre for Plant Protection and Certification (CREA-DC), Rome, Italy
| | - Sara Bechini
- Council for Agricultural Research and Economics (CREA), Research Centre for Plant Protection and Certification (CREA-DC), Rome, Italy
| | - Luca Riccioni
- Council for Agricultural Research and Economics (CREA), Research Centre for Plant Protection and Certification (CREA-DC), Rome, Italy
| | - Maria Aragona
- Council for Agricultural Research and Economics (CREA), Research Centre for Plant Protection and Certification (CREA-DC), Rome, Italy
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Gao P, Qi K, Han Y, Ma L, Zhang B, Zhang Y, Guan X, Qi J. Effect of Trichoderma viride on rhizosphere microbial communities and biocontrol of soybean root rot. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1204688. [PMID: 37333630 PMCID: PMC10272447 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1204688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2023] [Accepted: 05/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Biological seed dressing is a cost-effective means to protect plant roots from pathogens. Trichoderma is generally considered as one of the most common biological seed dressings. However, there is still a dearth of information on the effects of Trichoderma on microbial community of rhizosphere soil. High-throughput sequencing was used to analyze the effects of Trichoderma viride and a chemical fungicide on microbial community of soybean rhizosphere soil. The results showed that both T. viride and chemical fungicide could significantly reduce the disease index of soybean (15.11% for Trichoderma and 17.33% for Chemical), while no significant difference was observed between them. Both T. viride and chemical fungicide could affect the structure of rhizosphere microbial community, they increased the β-diversity of microbial community and significantly reduce the relative abundance of Saprotroph-Symbiotroph. Chemical fungicide could reduce the complexity and stability of co-occurrence network. However, T. viride is beneficial for maintaining network stability and increasing network complexity. There were 31 bacterial genera and 21 fungal genera significantly correlated with the disease index. Furthermore, several potential plant pathogenic microorganisms were also positively correlated with disease index, such as Fusarium, Aspergillus, Conocybe, Naganishia, and Monocillium. From this work, T. viride may be used as a substitute for chemical fungicide to control soybean root rot and be more friendly to soil microecology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peixin Gao
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Plant Virology, Institution of Plant Protection, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan, China
| | - Kai Qi
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Plant Virology, Institution of Plant Protection, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan, China
| | - Yujuan Han
- Institute of Vegetables, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan, China
| | - Liguo Ma
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Plant Virology, Institution of Plant Protection, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan, China
| | - Bo Zhang
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Plant Virology, Institution of Plant Protection, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan, China
| | - Yueli Zhang
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Plant Virology, Institution of Plant Protection, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan, China
| | - Xiumin Guan
- Shandong Agricultural Technology Extension Center, Jinan, China
| | - Junshan Qi
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Plant Virology, Institution of Plant Protection, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan, China
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Gubišová M, Hudcovicová M, Matušinský P, Ondreičková K, Klčová L, Gubiš J. Superabsorbent Polymer Seed Coating Reduces Leaching of Fungicide but Does Not Alter Their Effectiveness in Suppressing Pathogen Infestation. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 14:76. [PMID: 35012099 PMCID: PMC8747295 DOI: 10.3390/polym14010076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2021] [Revised: 12/03/2021] [Accepted: 12/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Superabsorbent polymers (SAPs) applied to soil have been recognized as water reservoirs that allow plants to cope with periods of drought. Their application as a seed coat makes water available directly to the seeds during their germination and early growth phase, but on the other hand, it can affect the efficiency of plant protection substances used in seed dressing. In our experiments, we evaluated the effect of seed coating with SAP on fungicide leaching and changes in their effectiveness in suppressing Fusarium culmorum infestation. Leaching of fungicide from wheat seeds coated with SAP after fungicide dressing, as measured by the inhibition test of mycelium growth under in vitro conditions, was reduced by 14.2-15.8% compared to seeds without SAP coating. Germination of maize seeds and growth of juvenile plants in artificially infected soil did not differ significantly between seeds dressed with fungicide alone and seeds treated with SAP and fungicide. In addition, plants from the seeds coated with SAP alone grew significantly better compared to untreated seeds. Real-time PCR also confirmed this trend by measuring the amount of pathogen DNA in plant tissue. Winter wheat was less tolerant to F. culmorum infection and without fungicide dressing, the seeds were unable to germinate under strong pathogen attack. In the case of milder infection, similar results were observed as in the case of maize seeds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcela Gubišová
- National Agricultural and Food Centre, Research Institute of Plant Production, Bratislavská cesta 122, 921 68 Piestany, Slovakia; (M.G.); (M.H.); (L.K.); (J.G.)
| | - Martina Hudcovicová
- National Agricultural and Food Centre, Research Institute of Plant Production, Bratislavská cesta 122, 921 68 Piestany, Slovakia; (M.G.); (M.H.); (L.K.); (J.G.)
| | - Pavel Matušinský
- Department of Botany, Faculty of Science, Palacký University in Olomouc, Šlechtitelů 27, 783 71 Olomouc, Czech Republic; or
- Department of Plant Pathology, Agrotest Fyto, Ltd., Havlíčkova 2787, 767 01 Kromeriz, Czech Republic
| | - Katarína Ondreičková
- National Agricultural and Food Centre, Research Institute of Plant Production, Bratislavská cesta 122, 921 68 Piestany, Slovakia; (M.G.); (M.H.); (L.K.); (J.G.)
| | - Lenka Klčová
- National Agricultural and Food Centre, Research Institute of Plant Production, Bratislavská cesta 122, 921 68 Piestany, Slovakia; (M.G.); (M.H.); (L.K.); (J.G.)
| | - Jozef Gubiš
- National Agricultural and Food Centre, Research Institute of Plant Production, Bratislavská cesta 122, 921 68 Piestany, Slovakia; (M.G.); (M.H.); (L.K.); (J.G.)
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Abstract
A study into doses of seed treatments and foliar plant protection products containing an identical active substance registered to control the same pest in the same crops was carried out in the European Union. The results show that, for fungicides, the use of seed treatment is often connected with a significantly lower release of active substance per hectare when compared to foliar treatments. In 11 of 13 cases, the difference was 8-fold or higher. For insecticides, in most of the cases, the consumption of an active substance was several times higher for seed treatment, in one case for foliar application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ewa Matyjaszczyk
- Plant Protection Institute - National Research Institute , Ulica Władysława Węgorka 20; 60-318 Poznań, Poland
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Wettstein FE, Kasteel R, Garcia Delgado MF, Hanke I, Huntscha S, Balmer ME, Poiger T, Bucheli TD. Leaching of the Neonicotinoids Thiamethoxam and Imidacloprid from Sugar Beet Seed Dressings to Subsurface Tile Drains. J Agric Food Chem 2016; 64:6407-15. [PMID: 27529118 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.6b02619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Pesticide transport from seed dressings toward subsurface tile drains is still poorly understood. We monitored the neonicotinoid insecticides imidacloprid and thiamethoxam from sugar beet seed dressings in flow-proportional drainage water samples, together with spray applications of bromide and the herbicide S-metolachlor in spring and the fungicides epoxiconazole and kresoxim-methyl in summer. Event-driven, high first concentration maxima up to 2830 and 1290 ng/L for thiamethoxam and imidacloprid, respectively, were followed by an extended period of tailing and suggested preferential flow. Nevertheless, mass recoveries declined in agreement with the degradation and sorption properties collated in the groundwater ubiquity score, following the order bromide (4.9%), thiamethoxam (1.2%), imidacloprid (0.48%), kresoxim-methyl acid (0.17%), S-metolachlor (0.032%), epoxiconazole (0.013%), and kresoxim-methyl (0.003%), and indicated increased leaching from seed dressings compared to spray applications. Measured concentrations and mass recoveries indicate that subsurface tile drains contribute to surface water contamination with neonicotinoids from seed dressings.
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Orion D, Shlevin E. Nematicide seed dressing for cyst and lesion nematode control in wheat. J Nematol 1989; 21:629-631. [PMID: 19287661 PMCID: PMC2618976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023] Open
Abstract
A trial was conducted in the northern Negev region of Israel in a field heavily infested with both cyst (Heterodera avenae) and lesion (Pratylenchus mediterraneus) nematodes. Wheat (Triticum aestivum cv. Bet Lehem) seeds were coated with either seed-dressing formulation of furathiocarb 10 g a.i./kg seed or emulsifiable concentrate formulations ofcarbofuran 10 g a.i./kg seed or oxamyl 3.6 g a.i./kg seed. Untreated seeds served as control. The trial was arranged in a randomized block design with six replicates. Two months after germination, the population density of H. avenae in three treatments was 10-20% of that of the control and that of P. mediterraneus was 20-35%. The height of the wheat plants in the treated plots was 150% of the control. Toward ripening, ear counts in the treatments were 20-31% higher than in the control. Grain yield of the treatments was 38-48% higher than that of the control.
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