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Yu X, Adronov A. Conjugated Polymers with Self-Immolative Sidechain Linkers for Carbon Nanotube Dispersion. Small 2024:e2310257. [PMID: 38497846 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202310257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2023] [Revised: 02/04/2024] [Indexed: 03/19/2024]
Abstract
Single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) are promising materials for generating high-performance electronic devices. However, these applications are greatly restricted by their lack of purity and solubility. Commercially available SWNTs are a mixture of semi-conducting (sc-) and metallic (m-) SWNTs and are insoluble in common solvents. Conjugated polymers can selectively disperse either sc- or m-SWNTs and increase their solubility; however, the conductivity of conjugated polymer-wrapped SWNTs is largely affected by the polymer side chains. Here, a poly(fluorene-co-phenylene) polymer that contains a self-immolative linker as part of its sidechains is reported. The self-immolative linker is stabilized with a tert-butyldimethylsilyl ether group that, upon treatment with tetra-n-butylammonium fluoride (TBAF), undergoes a 1,6-elimination reaction to release the sidechain. Sonication of this polymer with SWNTs in tetrahydrofuran (THF) results in concentrated dispersions that are used to prepare polymer-SWNT thin films. Treatment with TBAF caused side-chain cleavage into carbon dioxide and the corresponding diol, which can be easily removed by washing with solvent. This process is characterized by a combination of absorption and Raman spectroscopy, as well as four-point probe measurements. The conductance of the SWNT thin films increased ≈60-fold upon simple TBAF treatment, opening new possibilities for producing high-conductivity SWNT materials for numerous applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Yu
- Department of Chemistry & Chemical Biology and the Brockhouse Institute for Materials Research, McMaster University, 1280 Main St. W., Hamilton, ON, L8S 4M1, Canada
| | - Alex Adronov
- Department of Chemistry & Chemical Biology and the Brockhouse Institute for Materials Research, McMaster University, 1280 Main St. W., Hamilton, ON, L8S 4M1, Canada
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Gauthier F, Bertrand JR, Vasseur JJ, Dupouy C, Debart F. Conjugation of Doxorubicin to siRNA Through Disulfide-based Self-immolative Linkers. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25112714. [PMID: 32545345 PMCID: PMC7321315 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25112714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2020] [Revised: 06/08/2020] [Accepted: 06/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Co-delivery systems of siRNA and chemotherapeutic drugs have been developed as an attractive strategy to optimize the efficacy of chemotherapy towards cancer cells with multidrug resistance. In these typical systems, siRNAs are usually associated to drugs within a carrier but without covalent interactions with the risk of a premature release and degradation of the drugs inside the cells. To address this issue, we propose a covalent approach to co-deliver a siRNA-drug conjugate with a redox-responsive self-immolative linker prone to intracellular glutathione-mediated disulfide cleavage. Herein, we report the use of two disulfide bonds connected by a pentane spacer or a p-xylene spacer as self-immolative linker between the primary amine of the anticancer drug doxorubicin (Dox) and the 2′-position of one or two ribonucleotides in RNA. Five Dox-RNA conjugates were successfully synthesized using two successive thiol-disulfide exchange reactions. The Dox-RNA conjugates were annealed with their complementary strands and the duplexes were shown to form an A-helix sufficiently stable under physiological conditions. The enzymatic stability of Dox-siRNAs in human serum was enhanced compared to the unmodified siRNA, especially when two Dox are attached to siRNA. The release of native Dox and RNA from the bioconjugate was demonstrated under reducing conditions suggesting efficient linker disintegration. These results demonstrate the feasibility of making siRNA-drug conjugates via disulfide-based self-immolative linkers for potential therapeutic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florian Gauthier
- IBMM, University of Montpellier, CNRS, ENSCM, 34095 Montpellier, France; (F.G.); (F.D.)
| | - Jean-Rémi Bertrand
- METSY UMR 9018 CNRS, Université Paris-Sud, Gustave Roussy, University Paris-Saclay, 94800 Villejuif Cedex, France;
| | - Jean-Jacques Vasseur
- IBMM, University of Montpellier, CNRS, ENSCM, 34095 Montpellier, France; (F.G.); (F.D.)
- Correspondence: (J.-J.V.); (C.D.)
| | - Christelle Dupouy
- IBMM, University of Montpellier, CNRS, ENSCM, 34095 Montpellier, France; (F.G.); (F.D.)
- Correspondence: (J.-J.V.); (C.D.)
| | - Françoise Debart
- IBMM, University of Montpellier, CNRS, ENSCM, 34095 Montpellier, France; (F.G.); (F.D.)
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Nakamura N, Uchinomiya S, Inoue K, Ojida A. Trimethyl-Substituted Carbamate as a Versatile Self-Immolative Linker for Fluorescence Detection of Enzyme Reactions. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25092153. [PMID: 32380657 PMCID: PMC7249185 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25092153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2020] [Revised: 05/01/2020] [Accepted: 05/02/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Self-immolative linker is a useful building block of molecular probes, with broad applications in the fields of enzyme activity analysis, stimuli-responsive material science, and drug delivery. This manuscript presents N-methyl dimethyl methyl (i.e., trimethyl) carbamate as a new class of self-immolative linker for the fluorescence detection of enzyme reactions. The trimethyl carbamate was shown to spontaneously undergo intramolecular cyclization upon formation of a carboxylate group, to liberate a fluorophore with the second time rapid reaction kinetics. Interestingly, the auto-cleavage reaction of trimethyl carbamate was also induced by the formation of hydroxyl and amino groups. Fluorescent probes with a trimethyl carbamate could be applicable for fluorescence monitoring of the enzyme reactions catalyzed by esterase, ketoreductase, and aminotransferase, and for fluorescence imaging of intracellular esterase activity in living cells, hence demonstrating the utility of this new class of self-immolative linker.
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Iamsaard S, Seidi F, Dararatana N, Crespy D. Redox-Responsive Polymer with Self-Immolative Linkers for the Release of Payloads. Macromol Rapid Commun 2018; 39:e1800071. [PMID: 29748982 DOI: 10.1002/marc.201800071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2018] [Revised: 04/02/2018] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Previous couplings of corrosion inhibitors to redox-responsive polymers via covalent bonding suffer from several drawbacks. It is presented here novel redox-responsive polymer-corrosion inhibitor conjugates that contain self-immolative linkers in their side chains. Very fast redox-induced release of tryptamine, a drug and a corrosion inhibitor, is observed after applying a reductive trigger.
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Affiliation(s)
- Supitchaya Iamsaard
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, School of Molecular Science and Engineering, Vidyasirimedhi Institute of Science and Technology (VISTEC), Rayong, 21210, Thailand
| | - Farzad Seidi
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, School of Molecular Science and Engineering, Vidyasirimedhi Institute of Science and Technology (VISTEC), Rayong, 21210, Thailand
| | - Naruphorn Dararatana
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, School of Molecular Science and Engineering, Vidyasirimedhi Institute of Science and Technology (VISTEC), Rayong, 21210, Thailand
| | - Daniel Crespy
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, School of Molecular Science and Engineering, Vidyasirimedhi Institute of Science and Technology (VISTEC), Rayong, 21210, Thailand
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Abstract
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An HPMA-based polymeric prodrug of
a CXCR4 antagonist, AMD3465
(P-SS-AMD), was developed as a dual-function carrier of therapeutic
miRNA. P-SS-AMD was synthesized by a copolymerization of HPMA with
a methacrylamide monomer in which the AMD3465 was attached via a self-immolative
disulfide linker. P-SS-AMD showed effective release of the parent
AMD3465 drug following treatment with intracellular levels of glutathione
(GSH). The AMD3465 was released in the cells and exhibited functional
CXCR4 antagonism, demonstrated by inhibition of the CXCR4-mediated
cancer cell invasion. Due to its cationic character, P-SS-AMD could
form polyplexes with miRNA and mediate efficient transfection of miR-200c
mimics to downregulate expression of a downstream target ZEB-1 in
cancer cells. The combined P-SS-AMD/miR-200c polyplexes showed improved
ability to inhibit cancer cell migration when compared with individual
treatments. The reported findings validate P-SS-AMD as a dual-function
delivery vector that can simultaneously deliver a therapeutic miRNA
and function as a polymeric prodrug of CXCR4 antagonist.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng-Hong Peng
- Center for Drug Delivery and Nanomedicine, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Nebraska Medical Center , Omaha, Nebraska 68198, United States
| | - Ying Xie
- Center for Drug Delivery and Nanomedicine, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Nebraska Medical Center , Omaha, Nebraska 68198, United States
| | - Yan Wang
- Center for Drug Delivery and Nanomedicine, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Nebraska Medical Center , Omaha, Nebraska 68198, United States
| | - Jing Li
- Center for Drug Delivery and Nanomedicine, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Nebraska Medical Center , Omaha, Nebraska 68198, United States
| | - David Oupický
- Center for Drug Delivery and Nanomedicine, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Nebraska Medical Center , Omaha, Nebraska 68198, United States
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Zhu Y, Li J, Kanvinde S, Lin Z, Hazeldine S, Singh R, Oupický D. Self-immolative polycations as gene delivery vectors and prodrugs targeting polyamine metabolism in cancer. Mol Pharm 2015; 12:332-41. [PMID: 25153488 PMCID: PMC4319695 DOI: 10.1021/mp500469n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2014] [Revised: 08/16/2014] [Accepted: 08/18/2014] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Polycations are explored as carriers to deliver therapeutic nucleic acids. Polycations are conventionally pharmacological inert with the sole function of delivering therapeutic cargo. This study reports synthesis of a self-immolative polycation (DSS-BEN) based on a polyamine analogue drug N(1),N(11)-bisethylnorspermine (BENSpm). The polycation was designed to function dually as a gene delivery carrier and a prodrug targeting dysregulated polyamine metabolism in cancer. Using a combination of NMR and HPLC, we confirm that the self-immolative polycation undergoes intracellular degradation into the parent drug BENSpm. The released BENSpm depletes cellular levels of spermidine and spermine and upregulates polyamine catabolic enzymes spermine/spermidine N(1)-acetyltransferase (SSAT) and spermine oxidase (SMO). The synthesized polycations form polyplexes with DNA and facilitate efficient transfection. Taking advantage of the ability of BENSpm to sensitize cancer cells to TNFα-induced apoptosis, we show that DSS-BEN enhances the cell killing activity of TNFα gene therapy. The reported findings validate DSS-BEN as a dual-function delivery system that can deliver a therapeutic gene and improve the outcome of gene therapy as a result of the intracellular degradation of DSS-BEN to BENSpm and the subsequent beneficial effect of BENSpm on dysregulated polyamine metabolism in cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Zhu
- Center for Drug Delivery and Nanomedicine,
Department of Pharmaceutical
Sciences, and Department of Pathology and Microbiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska 68198, United States
- Department
of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wayne State
University, Detroit, Michigan 48202, United
States
| | - Jing Li
- Center for Drug Delivery and Nanomedicine,
Department of Pharmaceutical
Sciences, and Department of Pathology and Microbiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska 68198, United States
| | - Shrey Kanvinde
- Center for Drug Delivery and Nanomedicine,
Department of Pharmaceutical
Sciences, and Department of Pathology and Microbiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska 68198, United States
| | - Zhiyi Lin
- Center for Drug Delivery and Nanomedicine,
Department of Pharmaceutical
Sciences, and Department of Pathology and Microbiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska 68198, United States
| | - Stuart Hazeldine
- Department
of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wayne State
University, Detroit, Michigan 48202, United
States
| | - Rakesh
K. Singh
- Center for Drug Delivery and Nanomedicine,
Department of Pharmaceutical
Sciences, and Department of Pathology and Microbiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska 68198, United States
| | - David Oupický
- Center for Drug Delivery and Nanomedicine,
Department of Pharmaceutical
Sciences, and Department of Pathology and Microbiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska 68198, United States
- Department
of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wayne State
University, Detroit, Michigan 48202, United
States
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