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Zhou Y, Lei Y, Kong Q, Cheng F, Fan M, Deng Y, Zhao Q, Qiu J, Wang P, Yang X. o-Semiquinone Radical and o-Benzoquinone Selectively Degrade Aniline Contaminants in the Periodate-Mediated Advanced Oxidation Process. Environ Sci Technol 2024; 58:2123-2132. [PMID: 38237556 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.3c08179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2024]
Abstract
Advanced oxidation processes (AOPs) often employ strong oxidizing inorganic radicals (e.g., hydroxyl and sulfate radicals) to oxidize contaminants in water treatment. However, the water matrix could scavenge the strong oxidizing radicals, significantly deteriorating the treatment efficiency. Here, we report a periodate/catechol process in which reactive quinone species (RQS) including the o-semiquinone radical (o-SQ•-) and o-benzoquinone (o-Q) were dominant to effectively degrade anilines within 60 s. The second-order reaction rate constants of o-SQ•- and o-Q with aniline were determined to be 1.0 × 108 and 4.0 × 103 M-1 s-1, respectively, at pH 7.0, which accounted for 21% and 79% of the degradation of aniline with a periodate-to-catechol molar ratio of 1:1. The major byproducts were generated via addition or polymerization. The RQS-based process exhibited excellent anti-interference performance in the degradation of aniline-containing contaminants in real water samples in the presence of diverse inorganic ions and organics. Subsequently, we extended the RQS-based process by employing tea extract and dissolved organic matter as catechol replacements as well as metal ions [e.g., Fe(III) or Cu(II)] as periodate replacements, which also exhibited good performance in aniline degradation. This study provides a novel strategy to develop RQS-based AOPs for the highly selective degradation of aniline-containing emerging contaminants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yangjian Zhou
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control and Remediation Technology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Yu Lei
- Key Laboratory of Photochemistry, Institute of Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Qingqing Kong
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control and Remediation Technology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Fangyuan Cheng
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Wetland Ecology and Vegetation Restoration, School of Environment, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130117, China
| | - Mengge Fan
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control and Remediation Technology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Yanchun Deng
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control and Remediation Technology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Qing Zhao
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control and Remediation Technology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Junlang Qiu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control and Remediation Technology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Peng Wang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control and Remediation Technology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Xin Yang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control and Remediation Technology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
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Fu Y, Xiao Y, Chen X, Qiu X, Qian Y. Long-lasting UV-blocking Mechanism of Lignin: Origin and Stabilization of Semiquinone Radicals. Small Methods 2024:e2301783. [PMID: 38195803 DOI: 10.1002/smtd.202301783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2023] [Indexed: 01/11/2024]
Abstract
Semiquinone (SQ) radicals play a critical role in the long-lasting UV-blocking application of lignin, while their origin and stable structure are unclear. Here, the organosolv lignin extracted from poplar (OL-P) is self-assembled into normal micelles (LNM) with more phenolic hydroxyl groups on the surface, and reverse micelles (LRM) with more methoxyl groups on the surface. After 12 h UV irradiation, the SQ radical contents in LNM and LRM increase 33% and 78% respectively. The performance of LNM based sunscreen keeps upswinging due to radical stabilization of phenolic hydroxyl groups. LRM based sunscreen experiences a gradual decrease after reaching maximum UV absorbance due to the quick generation and over oxidation of SQ radicals. Density functional theory (DFT) simulations reveal that methoxyl groups in OL-P has bigger bond length and smaller bond dissociation enthalpy than phenolic hydroxyl groups, and are easy to form SQ radicals. The Gibbs free energy (ΔG) needed for SQ-quinone transformation is above 26.10 kcal mol.-1 , while that for SQ-hydroquinone transformation is below -66.78 kcal mol.-1 . Hydroquinone is the stable structure of SQ radicals. This work discloses the origin and stable structure of SQ radicals in lignin under UV irradiation, and provides an important guidance for its long-lasting UV-blocking application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Fu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Green Chemical Product Technology, State Key Laboratory of Pulp and Paper Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510640, China
| | - Yuting Xiao
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Green Chemical Product Technology, State Key Laboratory of Pulp and Paper Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510640, China
| | - Xin Chen
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Green Chemical Product Technology, State Key Laboratory of Pulp and Paper Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510640, China
| | - Xueqing Qiu
- School of Chemical Engineering and Light Industry, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Yong Qian
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Green Chemical Product Technology, State Key Laboratory of Pulp and Paper Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510640, China
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He Y, Fan Z, Sun P, Jiang H, Chen Z, Tang G, Hou Z, Sun Y, Yi Y, Shi W, Ge D. Mechanism of Self-Oxidative Copolymerization and its Application with Polydopamine-pyrrole Nano-copolymers. Small Methods 2024:e2301405. [PMID: 38168901 DOI: 10.1002/smtd.202301405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2023] [Revised: 12/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
Currently, the copolymer of dopamine (DA) and pyrrole (PY) via chemical and electrochemical oxidation usually requires additional oxidants, and lacks flexibility in regulating the size and morphology, thereby limiting the broad applications of DA-PY copolymer in biomedicine. Herein, the semiquinone radicals produced by the self-oxidation of DA is ingeniously utilized as the oxidant to initiate the following copolymerization with PY, and a series of quinone-rich polydopamine-pyrrole copolymers (PDAm -nPY) with significantly enhanced absorption in near-infrared (NIR) region without any additional oxidant assistance is obtained. Moreover, the morphology and size of PDAm -nPY can be regulated by changing the concentration of DA and PY, thereby optimizing nanoscale PDA0.05 -0.15PY particles (≈ 150 nm) with excellent NIR absorption and surface modification activity are successfully synthesized. Such PDA0.05 -0.15PY particles show effective photoacoustic (PA) imaging and photothermal therapy (PTT) against 4T1 tumors in vivo. Furthermore, other catechol derivatives can also copolymerize with PY under the same conditions. This work by fully utilizing the semiquinone radical active intermediates produced through the self-oxidation of DA reduces the dependence on external oxidants in the synthesis of composite materials and predigests the preparation procedure, which provides a novel, simple, and green strategy for the synthesis of other newly catechol-based functional copolymers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan He
- The Higher Educational Key Laboratory for Biomedical Engineering of Fujian Province/Research Center of Biomedical Engineering of Xiamen, Department of Biomaterials, College of Materials, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, 361005, China
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, The 909th Hospital, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Zhangzhou, Fujian, 363000, China
| | - Zhongxiong Fan
- Institute of Materia Medica & College of Life Science and Technology, Xinjiang University, Urumqi, Xinjiang, 830017, China
| | - Pengfei Sun
- Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, and the Key Laboratory for Chemical Biology of Fujian Province, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, 361005, China
| | - Hairong Jiang
- Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, and the Key Laboratory for Chemical Biology of Fujian Province, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, 361005, China
| | - Zhou Chen
- The Higher Educational Key Laboratory for Biomedical Engineering of Fujian Province/Research Center of Biomedical Engineering of Xiamen, Department of Biomaterials, College of Materials, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, 361005, China
| | - Guo Tang
- Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, and the Key Laboratory for Chemical Biology of Fujian Province, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, 361005, China
| | - Zhenqing Hou
- The Higher Educational Key Laboratory for Biomedical Engineering of Fujian Province/Research Center of Biomedical Engineering of Xiamen, Department of Biomaterials, College of Materials, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, 361005, China
| | - Yanan Sun
- The Higher Educational Key Laboratory for Biomedical Engineering of Fujian Province/Research Center of Biomedical Engineering of Xiamen, Department of Biomaterials, College of Materials, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, 361005, China
| | - Yunfeng Yi
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, The 909th Hospital, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Zhangzhou, Fujian, 363000, China
| | - Wei Shi
- The Higher Educational Key Laboratory for Biomedical Engineering of Fujian Province/Research Center of Biomedical Engineering of Xiamen, Department of Biomaterials, College of Materials, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, 361005, China
| | - Dongtao Ge
- The Higher Educational Key Laboratory for Biomedical Engineering of Fujian Province/Research Center of Biomedical Engineering of Xiamen, Department of Biomaterials, College of Materials, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, 361005, China
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Zhong C, Cao H, Huang Q, Xie Y, Zhao H. Degradation of Sulfamethoxazole by Manganese(IV) Oxide in the Presence of Humic Acid: Role of Stabilized Semiquinone Radicals. Environ Sci Technol 2023; 57:13625-13634. [PMID: 37650769 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.3c03698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
Abstract
In this work, we demonstrate for the first time the abatement of sulfamethoxazole (SMX) induced by stabilized ortho-semiquinone radicals (o-SQ•-) in the MnO2-mediated system in the presence of humic acid. To evaluate the performance of different MnO2/mediator systems, 16 mediators are examined for their effects on MnO2 reactions with SMX. The key role of the bidentate Mn(II)-o-SQ• complex and MnO2 surface in stabilizing SQ•- is revealed. To illustrate the formation of the Mn(II)-o-SQ• complex, electron spin resonance, cyclic voltammetry, and mass spectra were used. To demonstrate the presence of o-SQ• on the MnO2 surface, EDTA was used to quench Mn(II)-o-SQ•. The high stability of o-SQ•- on the MnO2 surface is attributed to the higher potential of o-SQ•- (0.9643 V) than the MnO2 surface (0.8598 V) at pH 7.0. The SMX removal rate constant by different stabilized o-SQ• at pH 7.0 ranges from 0.0098 to 0.2252 min-1. The favorable model is the rate constant ln (kobs, 7.0) = 6.002EHOMO(o-Qred) + 33.744(ELUMO(o-Q) - EHOMO(o-Qred)) - 32.800, whose parameters represent the generation and reactivity of o-SQ•, respectively. Moreover, aniline and cystine are competitive substrates for SMX in coupling o-SQ•-. Due to the abundance of humic constituents in aquatic environments, this finding sheds light on the low-oxidant-demand, low-carbon, and highly selective removal of sulfonamide antibiotics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Zhong
- State Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Biopharmaceutical Preparation and Delivery, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- National Engineering Research Center of Green Recycling for Strategic Metal Resources, Institute of Process Engineering, Beijing 100190, China
- Chemistry & Chemical Engineering Data Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Hongbin Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Biopharmaceutical Preparation and Delivery, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- National Engineering Research Center of Green Recycling for Strategic Metal Resources, Institute of Process Engineering, Beijing 100190, China
- Chemistry & Chemical Engineering Data Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Qingguo Huang
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
| | - Yongbing Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Biopharmaceutical Preparation and Delivery, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- National Engineering Research Center of Green Recycling for Strategic Metal Resources, Institute of Process Engineering, Beijing 100190, China
- Chemistry & Chemical Engineering Data Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - He Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Biopharmaceutical Preparation and Delivery, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- National Engineering Research Center of Green Recycling for Strategic Metal Resources, Institute of Process Engineering, Beijing 100190, China
- Chemistry & Chemical Engineering Data Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
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Krayz GT, Bittner S, Dhiman A, Becker JY. Electrochemistry of Quinones with Respect to their Role in Biomedical Chemistry. CHEM REC 2021; 21:2332-2343. [PMID: 34107155 DOI: 10.1002/tcr.202100069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2021] [Revised: 05/11/2021] [Accepted: 05/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Quinones are ubiquitous in nature and form one of the largest class of antitumor agents approved for clinical use. They are known to be efficient in inhibiting cancer cells growth. Under physiological conditions they can undergo non-enzymatic one-electron reduction to give the moderately toxic species of semiquinone radical-anion. Thus, electrochemical study of quinones might provide a basic knowledge on semi-quinone radicals formation in both in vivo and in vitro under different media. Several processes are outlined briefly and discussed in the present article. Previously we investigated the electrochemical and spectral properties of ω-N-quinonyl amino acids. Such quinone-bearing peptides are known to be cytotoxic and of potential clinical significance. We were able to prove that the ω-amino quinonyl compounds are very effective in producing stable semiquinone radicals. Moreover, a direct relation was found between the first reduction potentials of the quinonyl moiety and their reactivity towards the ω-amino acids. In order to increase our knowledge of such amino quinonyl compounds and enlarge the arsenal of such cytotoxic compounds, a series of N,N-diquinonyl amines (1-6) bearing an internal proton (stems from the NH moiety) were synthesized. Their electron-transfer capabilities were probed by cyclic voltammetry measurements, in dichloromethane. It was found that the acidic NH group linking the two quinonyl moieties undergoes an initial electrochemical reduction step and generates a nitride anion. This step is followed by further reductions to yield quasi-stable semiquinone radicals and polyanions, Since these acidic diquinones (1-6) serve also as a source of internal proton donors even in non-polar medium, they might cause protonation of basic radical-anions and polyanion intermediates during the various electrochemical stages. The processes are demonstrated and discussed by analyzing different mechanistic schemes. The successful generation of relatively stable semiquinone radicals is a prerequisite for the manifestation of site directed antitumor activity by these bis-quinonyl amino derivatives. Based on the values of their redox potentials some of them could be promising candidates for clinical development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Galia Temtsin Krayz
- Department of Chemistry, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, 84105, Israel
| | - Shmuel Bittner
- Department of Chemistry, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, 84105, Israel
| | - Anand Dhiman
- Department of Chemistry, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, 84105, Israel
| | - James Y Becker
- Department of Chemistry, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, 84105, Israel
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Bogdanov NE, Milašinović V, Zakharov BA, Boldyreva EV, Molčanov K. Pancake-bonding of semiquinone radicals under variable temperature and pressure conditions. Acta Crystallogr B Struct Sci Cryst Eng Mater 2020; 76:285-291. [PMID: 32831231 DOI: 10.1107/s2052520620002772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2020] [Accepted: 02/27/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The effects of temperature (100-370 K) and pressure (0-6 GPa) on the non-localized two-electron multicentric covalent bonds (`pancake bonding') in closely bound radical dimers were studied using single-crystal X-ray diffraction on a 4-cyano-N-methylpyridinium salt of 5,6-dichloro-2,3-dicyanosemiquinone radical anion (DDQ) as the sample compound. On cooling, the anisotropic structural compression was accompanied by continuous changes in molecular stacking; the discontinuities in the changes in volume and b and c cell parameters suggest that a phase transition occurs between 210 and 240 K. At a pressure of 2.55 GPa, distances between radical dimers shortened to 2.9 Å, which corresponds to distances observed in extended π-bonded polymers. Increasing pressure further to 6 GPa reduced the interplanar separation of the radicals to 2.75 Å. This may indicate that the covalent component of the interaction significantly increased, in accordance with the results of DFT calculations reported elsewhere [Molčanov et al. (2019), Cryst. Growth Des. 19, 391-402].
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikita E Bogdanov
- Boreskov Institute of Catalysis SB RAS, Lavrentiev Ave. 5, Novosibirsk, Russia 630090, Russian Federation
| | | | - Boris A Zakharov
- Boreskov Institute of Catalysis SB RAS, Lavrentiev Ave. 5, Novosibirsk, Russia 630090, Russian Federation
| | - Elena V Boldyreva
- Boreskov Institute of Catalysis SB RAS, Lavrentiev Ave. 5, Novosibirsk, Russia 630090, Russian Federation
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Woźniak A, Formela M, Bilman P, Grześkiewicz K, Bednarski W, Marczak Ł, Narożna D, Dancewicz K, Mai VC, Borowiak-Sobkowiak B, Floryszak-Wieczorek J, Gabryś B, Morkunas I. The Dynamics of the Defense Strategy of Pea Induced by Exogenous Nitric Oxide in Response to Aphid Infestation. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:E329. [PMID: 28165429 PMCID: PMC5343865 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18020329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2016] [Revised: 01/12/2017] [Accepted: 01/19/2017] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of exogenous nitric oxide (NO), i.e., S-nitrosoglutathione (GSNO) and sodium nitroprusside (SNP), on the metabolic status of Pisum sativum L. cv. Cysterski leaves infested by Acyrthosiphon pisum Harris, population demographic parameters and A. pisum feeding activity. A reduction in the level of semiquinone radicals in pea seedling leaves pretreated with exogenous NO occurred 24 h after A. pisum infestation, which was earlier than in non-pretreated leaves. A decrease in the level of O₂•- was observed in leaves pretreated with GSNO and infested by aphids at 48 and 72 h post-infestation (hpi). Directly after the pretreatment with GSNO, an increase in the level of metal ions was recorded. NO considerably induced the relative mRNA levels for phenylalanine ammonia-lyase in 24-h leaves pretreated with NO donors, both non-infested and infested. NO stimulated the accumulation of pisatin in leaves until 24 h. The Electrical Penetration Graph revealed a reduction in the feeding activity of the pea aphid on leaves pretreated with NO. The present study showed that foliar application of NO donors induced sequentially defense reactions of pea against A. pisum and had a deterrent effect on aphid feeding and limited the population growth rate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnieszka Woźniak
- Department of Plant Physiology, Poznań University of Life Sciences, Wołyńska 35, 60-637 Poznań, Poland.
| | - Magda Formela
- Department of Plant Physiology, Poznań University of Life Sciences, Wołyńska 35, 60-637 Poznań, Poland.
| | - Piotr Bilman
- Department of Plant Physiology, Poznań University of Life Sciences, Wołyńska 35, 60-637 Poznań, Poland.
| | - Katarzyna Grześkiewicz
- Department of Plant Physiology, Poznań University of Life Sciences, Wołyńska 35, 60-637 Poznań, Poland.
| | - Waldemar Bednarski
- Institute of Molecular Physics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Smoluchowskiego 17, 60-179 Poznań, Poland.
| | - Łukasz Marczak
- Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Noskowskiego 12/14, 61-704 Poznań, Poland.
| | - Dorota Narożna
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Poznań University of Life Sciences, Dojazd 11, 60-632 Poznań, Poland.
| | - Katarzyna Dancewicz
- Department of Botany and Ecology, University of Zielona Góra, Prof. Z. Szafrana 1, 65-516 Zielona Góra, Poland.
| | - Van Chung Mai
- Department of Plant Physiology, Poznań University of Life Sciences, Wołyńska 35, 60-637 Poznań, Poland.
| | - Beata Borowiak-Sobkowiak
- Department of Entomology and Environmental Protection, Poznań University of Life Sciences, Dąbrowskiego 159, 60-594 Poznań, Poland.
| | | | - Beata Gabryś
- Department of Botany and Ecology, University of Zielona Góra, Prof. Z. Szafrana 1, 65-516 Zielona Góra, Poland.
| | - Iwona Morkunas
- Department of Plant Physiology, Poznań University of Life Sciences, Wołyńska 35, 60-637 Poznań, Poland.
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Borowiak-Sobkowiak B, Woźniak A, Bednarski W, Formela M, Samardakiewicz S, Morkunas I. Brachycorynella asparagi (Mordv.) Induced-Oxidative Stress and Antioxidative Defenses of Asparagus officinalis L. Int J Mol Sci 2016; 17:E1740. [PMID: 27775613 DOI: 10.3390/ijms17101740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2016] [Revised: 10/09/2016] [Accepted: 10/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate whether and to what extent oxidative stress is induced in leaves of one- and two-month-old plants of Asparagus officinalis L. cv. Argenteuil infested by Brachycorynella asparagi (Mordvilko) at a varied population size. The pest B. asparagi has been described as the most damaging species feeding on asparagus. Analyses using electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) demonstrated generally higher concentrations of semiquinone radicals with g-values of 2.0045 ± 0.0005 and 2.0026 ± 0.0005 in Asparagus officinalis (A. officinalis) leaves after Brachycorynella asparagi (B. asparagi) infestation than in the control. Observations of leaves under a confocal microscope showed a post-infestation enhanced generation of the superoxide anion radical (O₂•-) and hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂) in comparison to the control. Strong fluctuations in Mn2+ ion levels detected by EPR spectroscopy versus time were detected in leaves infested by aphids, which may indicate the involvement of these ions in the control of O₂•- production. An enhanced superoxide dismutase activity is an important element in leaf defense against oxidative stress. Visible symptoms were found in aphid-infested A. officinalis. Damage to leaves of one- and two-month-old A. officinalis plants by the aphid B. asparagi was dependent on the intensity, duration of infestation and plant age.
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Morkunas I, Formela M, Marczak L, Stobiecki M, Bednarski W. The mobilization of defence mechanisms in the early stages of pea seed germination against Ascochyta pisi. Protoplasma 2013; 250:63-75. [PMID: 22274650 PMCID: PMC3557380 DOI: 10.1007/s00709-012-0374-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2011] [Accepted: 01/03/2012] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Ascochyta pisi is a necrotrophic pathogenic fungus, which mainly survives between seasons through infected seeds. Defence responses of pea embryo axes to A. pisi were investigated in the heterotrophic phase of seed germination and during the transition from the heterotrophic to the autotrophic phase. Germinated pea seeds, both non-inoculated and inoculated with A. pisi, were cultured in perlite for 96 h. Polarographic studies performed on intact embryo axes of germinating pea seeds infected with A. pisi showed a high respiratory intensity in time from 48 to 96 h after inoculation. Forty-eight-hour embryo axes of germinating pea seeds exhibited the highest respiration rate, which in infected axes was maintained at the following time points after inoculation. Moreover, at 72 and 96 h after inoculation, respiratory intensity was by 64% and 73% higher than in the control. Electron paramagnetic resonance analysis revealed a higher concentration of semiquinone free radicals with g values of g (||) = 2.0031 ± 0.0004 and g (⊥) = 2.0048 ± 0.0004 in infected axes than in the control. Generation of superoxide anion radical was also higher in infected axes than in the control but stronger at 72 and 96 h after inoculation. Starting from 72 h after infection, the level of Mn(2+) ions in infected axes decreased in relation to the control. At the same time, the highest activity of superoxide dismutase (EC 1.15.1.1) and catalase (EC 1.11.1.6) was observed in 72-h infected axes. In turn, the activity of peroxidase (EC 1.11.1.7) up to 72 h after infection was lower than in the control. In 48-h infected embryo axes, a very high level of pterocarpan pisatin was observed. Infection of germinating pea seeds with A. pisi restricted mainly the growth of the epicotyl, but did not inhibit the increase in length and fresh weight of root embryo axes versus cultivation time. These results indicate that in pea during the stages of seed germination and early seedling growth, protective mechanisms are induced in embryo axes against A. pisi.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iwona Morkunas
- Department of Plant Physiology, Poznań University of Life Sciences, Wołyńska 35, 60-637 Poznań, Poland.
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