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Hu CX, Read O, Shin Y, Chen Y, Wang J, Boyes M, Zeng N, Panigrahi A, Kostarelos K, Larrosa I, Vranic S, Casiraghi C. Effects of Lateral Size, Thickness, and Stabilizer Concentration on the Cytotoxicity of Defect-Free Graphene Nanosheets: Implications for Biological Applications. ACS Appl Nano Mater 2022; 5:12626-12636. [PMID: 36185165 PMCID: PMC9513747 DOI: 10.1021/acsanm.2c02403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2022] [Accepted: 08/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
In this work, we apply liquid cascade centrifugation to highly concentrated graphene dispersions produced by liquid-phase exfoliation in water with an insoluble bis-pyrene stabilizer to obtain fractions containing nanosheets with different lateral size distributions. The concentration, stability, size, thickness, and the cytotoxicity profile are studied as a function of the initial stabilizer concentration for each fraction. Our results show that there is a critical initial amount of stabilizer (0.4 mg/mL) above which the dispersions show reduced concentration, stability, and biocompatibility, no matter the lateral size of the flakes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen-Xia Hu
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, UK
| | - Oliver Read
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, UK
| | - Yuyoung Shin
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, UK
| | - Yingxian Chen
- Nanomedicine
Lab, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, AV Hill Building, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, UK
- National
Graphene Institute, University of Manchester, Booth Street East, Manchester M13 9PL, UK
| | - Jingjing Wang
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, UK
| | - Matthew Boyes
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, UK
| | - Niting Zeng
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, UK
| | - Adyasha Panigrahi
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, UK
| | - Kostas Kostarelos
- Nanomedicine
Lab, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, AV Hill Building, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, UK
- National
Graphene Institute, University of Manchester, Booth Street East, Manchester M13 9PL, UK
- Catalan
Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (ICN2), UAB Campus Bellaterra, Barcelona 08193, Spain
| | - Igor Larrosa
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, UK
| | - Sandra Vranic
- Nanomedicine
Lab, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, AV Hill Building, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, UK
- National
Graphene Institute, University of Manchester, Booth Street East, Manchester M13 9PL, UK
| | - Cinzia Casiraghi
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, UK
| |
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