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Gao Y, Yang X, Wang W, Sun R, Cui J, Fu Y, Li K, Zhang M, Liu C, Zhu H, Lu X, Min J. High-Performance Small Molecule Organic Solar Cells Enabled by a Symmetric-Asymmetric Alloy Acceptor with a Broad Composition Tolerance. Adv Mater 2023:e2300531. [PMID: 36989324 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202300531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2023] [Revised: 02/25/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Using a combinatory blending strategy is demonstrated as a promising path for designing efficient organic solar cells (OSCs) by boosting the short-circuit current density and fill factor. Herein, a high-performance ternary all-small molecule OSC (all-SMOSCs) using a narrow-bandgap alloy acceptor containing symmetric and asymmetric molecules (BTP-eC9 and SSe-NIC) and a wide-bandgap small molecule donor MPhS-C2 is reported. Introducing the synthesized SSe-NIC into the MPhS-C2:BTP-eC9 host system can broaden the absorption spectrum, modulate energy offsets, and optimize the molecular packing of the host materials. After systematically optimizing the weight ratio of MPhS-C2:BTP-eC9:SSe-NIC, a champion efficiency of 18.02% is achieved. Impressively, the ternary system not only delivered a broad composition tolerance with device efficiencies over 17% throughout the whole blend ratios, but also exhibited less non-geminate recombination and energy loss, and better-light-soaking stability than the corresponding binary systems. This work promotes the development of high-performance ternary all-SMOSCs and heralds their brighter application prospects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Gao
- The Institute for Advanced Studies, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, P. R. China
| | - Xinrong Yang
- The Institute for Advanced Studies, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, P. R. China
| | - Wei Wang
- The Institute for Advanced Studies, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, P. R. China
| | - Rui Sun
- The Institute for Advanced Studies, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, P. R. China
| | - Jiting Cui
- Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, P. R. China
| | - Yuang Fu
- Department of Physics, Chinese University of Hong Kong, New Territories, Hong Kong, 999077, P. R. China
| | - Kai Li
- Skate Key Laboratory of Silicate Materials for Architectures (SMART), Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, 430070, P. R. China
| | - Meimei Zhang
- The Institute for Advanced Studies, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, P. R. China
| | - Chao Liu
- Skate Key Laboratory of Silicate Materials for Architectures (SMART), Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, 430070, P. R. China
| | - Haiming Zhu
- Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, P. R. China
| | - Xinhui Lu
- Department of Physics, Chinese University of Hong Kong, New Territories, Hong Kong, 999077, P. R. China
| | - Jie Min
- The Institute for Advanced Studies, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, P. R. China
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Hsieh CM, Hsiao HC, Yamada Y, Wu WR, Jeng US, Su CJ, Lin YS, Murata M, Chang YJ, Chuang SC. Promoting the Efficiency and Stability of Nonfullerene Organic Photovoltaics by Incorporating Open-Cage [60]Fullerenes in the Nonfullerene Nanocrystallites. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2022; 14:39109-39119. [PMID: 35976775 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c06354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The device efficiency of PM6:Y6-based nonfullerene organic solar cells is fast advanced recently. To maintain organic solar cells (OSCs) with high power conversion efficiency over 16% in long-term operation, however, remains a challenge. Here, a novel non-volatile additive, an open-cage [60]fullerene (8OC60Me), is incorporated into PM6:Y6-based OSCs for high-performance with high durability. With optimized addition of 1.0 wt % 8OC60Me, the PCE value of PM6:Y6/8OC60Me OSCs can be promoted to 16.5% from 15.0%. Most strikingly, such a high PCE performance can maintain nearly 100% for over 500 h at room temperature; at an elevated operation temperature of 80 °C, the PCE can be stabilized above 15.0% after 45 h of operation. Grazing incidence small- and wide- angle X-ray scattering studies reveal improved orientation and crystallinity of Y6 in a fractal-like network structure of PM6 in PM6:Y6/8OC60Me films under in situ annealing, parallel to the enhanced electron mobility. Analysis of charge distributions lines up possible van der Waals interaction between the thienyl/carbonyl moiety of 8OC60Me and difluorophenyl-based FIC-end groups of Y6. This result is of great contrast to those devices with the best-selling PC61BM as the additives─8OC60Me might be of interest to be incorporated into future Y6-based OSCs for concomitantly improved PCE and excellent stability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng-Ming Hsieh
- Department of Applied Chemistry, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, 30010 Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Huan-Chang Hsiao
- Department of Applied Chemistry, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, 30010 Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Yuto Yamada
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Osaka Institute of Technology, Osaka 535-8585, Japan
| | - Wei-Ru Wu
- National Synchrotron Radiation Research Center, Hsinchu Science Park, Hsinchu 30076, Taiwan
| | - U-Ser Jeng
- National Synchrotron Radiation Research Center, Hsinchu Science Park, Hsinchu 30076, Taiwan
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Jen Su
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan
| | - Ying-Sheng Lin
- Department of Chemistry, Tunghai University, Taichung City 40704, Taiwan
| | - Michihisa Murata
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Osaka Institute of Technology, Osaka 535-8585, Japan
| | - Yuan Jay Chang
- Department of Chemistry, Tunghai University, Taichung City 40704, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Ching Chuang
- Department of Applied Chemistry, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, 30010 Hsinchu, Taiwan
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Liu C, Qiu N, Sun Y, Ke X, Zhang H, Li C, Wan X, Chen Y. All-Small-Molecule Organic Solar Cells Based on a Fluorinated Small Molecule Donor With High Open-Circuit Voltage of 1.07 V. Front Chem 2020; 8:329. [PMID: 32411669 PMCID: PMC7198867 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2020.00329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2020] [Accepted: 03/31/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
A new small molecule donor with an acceptor-donor-acceptor (A-D-A) structure, namely DRTB-FT, has been designed and synthesized for all-small-molecule organic solar cells (ASM-OSCs). By introducing fluorine atoms on the thienyl substituent of the central benzodithiophene unit, DRTB-FT shows a low-lying highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO) energy level of -5.64 eV. Blending with an A-D-A type acceptor F-2Cl, DRTB-FT based ASM-OSCs gave a power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 7.66% with a high open-circuit voltage (V oc) of 1.070 V and a low energy loss of 0.47 eV. The results indicate that high V oc of ASM-OSC devices can be obtained through careful donor molecular optimization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunyan Liu
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jining University, Qufu, China
| | - Nailiang Qiu
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jining University, Qufu, China
| | - Yanna Sun
- The Centre of Nanoscale Science and Technology and Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials, Renewable Energy Conversion and Storage Center (RECAST), College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Xin Ke
- The Centre of Nanoscale Science and Technology and Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials, Renewable Energy Conversion and Storage Center (RECAST), College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Hongtao Zhang
- The Centre of Nanoscale Science and Technology and Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials, Renewable Energy Conversion and Storage Center (RECAST), College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Chenxi Li
- The Centre of Nanoscale Science and Technology and Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials, Renewable Energy Conversion and Storage Center (RECAST), College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Xiangjian Wan
- The Centre of Nanoscale Science and Technology and Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials, Renewable Energy Conversion and Storage Center (RECAST), College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Yongsheng Chen
- The Centre of Nanoscale Science and Technology and Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials, Renewable Energy Conversion and Storage Center (RECAST), College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
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Wienhold KS, Körstgens V, Grott S, Jiang X, Schwartzkopf M, Roth SV, Müller-Buschbaum P. Effect of Solvent Additives on the Morphology and Device Performance of Printed Nonfullerene Acceptor Based Organic Solar Cells. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2019; 11:42313-42321. [PMID: 31644257 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.9b16784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Printing of active layers of high-efficiency organic solar cells and morphology control by processing with varying solvent additive concentrations are important to realize real-world use of bulk-heterojunction photovoltaics as it enables both up-scaling and optimization of the device performance. In this work, active layers of the conjugated polymer with benzodithiophene units PBDB-T-SF and the nonfullerene small molecule acceptor IT-4F are printed using meniscus guided slot-die coating. 1,8-Diiodooctane (DIO) is added to optimize the power conversion efficiency (PCE). The effect on the inner nanostructure and surface morphology of the material is studied for different solvent additive concentrations with grazing incidence small-angle X-ray scattering (GISAXS), grazing incidence wide-angle X-ray scattering (GIWAXS), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and atomic force microscopy (AFM). Optical properties are studied with photoluminescence (PL), UV/vis absorption spectroscopy, and external quantum efficiency (EQE) measurements and correlated to the corresponding PCEs. The addition of 0.25 vol % DIO enhances the average PCE from 3.5 to 7.9%, whereas at higher concentrations the positive effect is less pronounced. A solar cell performance of 8.95% is obtained for the best printed device processed with an optimum solvent additive concentration. Thus, with the large-scale preparation method printing similarly well working solar cells can be realized as with the spin-coating method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kerstin S Wienhold
- Physik-Department, Lehrstuhl für Funktionelle Materialien , Technische Universität München , James-Franck-Str. 1 , 85748 Garching , Germany
| | - Volker Körstgens
- Physik-Department, Lehrstuhl für Funktionelle Materialien , Technische Universität München , James-Franck-Str. 1 , 85748 Garching , Germany
| | - Sebastian Grott
- Physik-Department, Lehrstuhl für Funktionelle Materialien , Technische Universität München , James-Franck-Str. 1 , 85748 Garching , Germany
| | - Xinyu Jiang
- Physik-Department, Lehrstuhl für Funktionelle Materialien , Technische Universität München , James-Franck-Str. 1 , 85748 Garching , Germany
| | | | - Stephan V Roth
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron (DESY) , Notkestraße 85 , 22607 Hamburg , Germany
- Department of Fibre and Polymer Technology , KTH , Teknikringen 56-58 , SE-100 44 Stockholm , Sweden
| | - Peter Müller-Buschbaum
- Physik-Department, Lehrstuhl für Funktionelle Materialien , Technische Universität München , James-Franck-Str. 1 , 85748 Garching , Germany
- Heinz Maier-Leibnitz-Zentrum , Lichtenbergstr. 1 , 85748 Garching , Germany
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Yan D, Xin J, Li W, Liu S, Wu H, Ma W, Yao J, Zhan C. 13%-Efficiency Quaternary Polymer Solar Cell with Nonfullerene and Fullerene as Mixed Electron Acceptor Materials. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2019; 11:766-773. [PMID: 30525389 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.8b17246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
In this article, we report 13%-efficiency quaternary polymer solar cell. By introducing bis-PC71BM:PC71BM into a known nonfullerene system-poly[(2,6-(4,8-bis(5-(2-ethylhexyl)thiophen-2-yl))benzo[1,2- b:4,5- b']dithiophene)- co-(1,3-di(5-thiophene-2-yl)-5,7-bis(2-ethylhexyl)benzo[1,2- c:4,5- c']dithiophene-4,8-dione):3,9-bis(2-methylene-(3-(1,1-dicyanomethylene)-indanone-methyl))-5,5,11,11-tetrakis(4- n-hexylphenyl)-dithieno[2,3 d:2',3' d']- s-indaceno[1,2 b:5,6 b']dithiophene (PBDB-T:IT-M), the quaternary solar cell significantly outperforms the nonfullerene binary and the ternary (PBDB-T:IT-M:fullerene) devices with a significant increase in the short-circuit current-density (18.2 vs 16.5 and 16.8-17.5 mA/cm2) and the fill factor (0.73 vs 0.67 and 0.707-0.726), and hence, large power conversion efficiency (13% for quaternary vs 11% for the binary and 12% for the ternary). Grazing incidence wide-angle X-ray scattering data indicate that both the polymer and IT-M phase crystallinity becomes greater upon introduction of PC71BM as the forth additive into the host ternary PBDB-T:IT-M:bis-PC71BM, which results in an increase in both the electron and hole mobilities, contributing to the Jsc enhancement. Our results indicate that the use of the forth fullerene component provides more choices and more mechanisms than the ternary systems for tuning the photon-to-electron conversion; therefore, sheds light on the realization of high-efficiency polymer solar cells by designing the multiacceptor components with aligned energy levels, complementary absorption spectra, and improved film morphologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Yan
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS key Laboratory of Photochemistry , Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100190 , China
- College of Chemical Science , University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100049 , China
| | - Jingming Xin
- State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials , Xi'an Jiaotong University , Xi'an 710049 , China
| | - Weiping Li
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS key Laboratory of Photochemistry , Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100190 , China
- College of Chemical Science , University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100049 , China
| | - Sha Liu
- Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials and Devices , South China University of Technology , Guangzhou 510640 , China
| | - Hongbin Wu
- Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials and Devices , South China University of Technology , Guangzhou 510640 , China
| | - Wei Ma
- State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials , Xi'an Jiaotong University , Xi'an 710049 , China
| | - Jiannian Yao
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS key Laboratory of Photochemistry , Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100190 , China
- College of Chemical Science , University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100049 , China
| | - Chuanlang Zhan
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS key Laboratory of Photochemistry , Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100190 , China
- College of Chemical Science , University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100049 , China
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Swick SM, Zhu W, Matta M, Aldrich TJ, Harbuzaru A, Lopez Navarrete JT, Ponce Ortiz R, Kohlstedt KL, Schatz GC, Facchetti A, Melkonyan FS, Marks TJ. Closely packed, low reorganization energy π-extended postfullerene acceptors for efficient polymer solar cells. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2018; 115:E8341-8. [PMID: 30127011 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1807535115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
New organic semiconductors are essential for developing inexpensive, high-efficiency, solution-processable polymer solar cells (PSCs). PSC photoactive layers are typically fabricated by film-casting a donor polymer and a fullerene acceptor blend, with ensuing solvent evaporation and phase separation creating discrete conduits for photogenerated holes and electrons. Until recently, n-type fullerene acceptors dominated the PSC literature; however, indacenodithienothiophene (IDTT)-based acceptors have recently enabled remarkable PSC performance metrics, for reasons that are not entirely obvious. We report two isomeric IDTT-based acceptors 3,9-bis(2-methylene-(3-(1,1-dicyanomethylene)-benz-(5, 6)indanone))-5,5,11,11-tetrakis(4-nonylphenyl)-dithieno[2,3-d:2',3'-d']-s-indaceno[1,2-b:5,6-b']di-thiophene (ITN-C9) and 3,9-bis(2-methylene-(3-(1,1-dicyanomethylene)-benz(6,7)indanone))-5,5,11,11-tetrakis(4-nonylphenyl)-dithieno[2,3-d:2',3'-d']-s-indaceno[1,2-b:5,6-b']dithiophene (ITzN-C9) that shed light on the exceptional IDTT properties vis-à-vis fullerenes. The neat acceptors and blends with fluoropolymer donor poly{[4,8-bis[5-(2- ethylhexyl)-4-fluoro-2-thienyl]benzo[1,2-b:4,5-b']dithiophene2,6-diyl]-alt-[2,5-thiophenediyl[5,7-bis(2-ethylhexyl)-4,8-dioxo4H,8H-benzo[1,2-c:4,5-c']dithiophene-1,3-diyl]]} (PBDB-TF) are investigated by optical spectroscopy, cyclic voltammetry, thermogravimetric analysis, differential scanning calorimetry, single-crystal X-ray diffraction, photovoltaic response, space-charge-limited current transport, atomic force microscopy, grazing incidence wide-angle X-ray scattering, and density functional theory-level quantum chemical analysis. The data reveal that ITN-C9 and ITzN-C9 organize such that the lowest unoccupied molecular orbital-rich end groups have intermolecular π-π distances as close as 3.31(1) Å, with electronic coupling integrals as large as 38 meV, and internal reorganization energies as small as 0.133 eV, comparable to or superior to those in fullerenes. ITN-C9 and ITzN-C9 have broad solar-relevant optical absorption, and, when blended with PBDB-TF, afford devices with power conversion efficiencies near 10%. Performance differences between ITN-C9 and ITzN-C9 are understandable in terms of molecular and electronic structure distinctions via the influences on molecular packing and orientation with respect to the electrode.
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Gao W, Zhang M, Liu T, Ming R, An Q, Wu K, Xie D, Luo Z, Zhong C, Liu F, Zhang F, Yan H, Yang C. Asymmetrical Ladder-Type Donor-Induced Polar Small Molecule Acceptor to Promote Fill Factors Approaching 77% for High-Performance Nonfullerene Polymer Solar Cells. Adv Mater 2018; 30:e1800052. [PMID: 29766573 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201800052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2018] [Revised: 03/15/2018] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
In this work, an effectual strategy of constructing polar small molecule acceptors (SMAs) to promote fill factor (FF) of nonfullerene polymer solar cells (PSCs) is first reported. Three asymmetrical SMAs of IDT6CN, IDT6CN-Th, and IDT6CN-M, which own large dipole moments, are designed and synthesized. The PSCs based on three polar SMAs exhibit apparently higher FFs compared with their symmetrical analogues. The asymmetrical design strategy accompanied with side chain and end group engineering makes IDT6CN-Th- and IDT6CN-M-based nonfullerene PSCs achieve high power conversion efficiency with FFs approaching 77%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Gao
- Department of Chemistry, Hubei Key Lab on Organic and Polymeric Optoelectronic Materials, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, P. R. China
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Polymer Science and Technology, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, P. R. China
| | - Miao Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Luminescence and Optical Information, Ministry of Education, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing, 100044, P. R. China
| | - Tao Liu
- Department of Chemistry and Hong Kong Branch of Chinese National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration & Reconstruction, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong
| | - Ruijie Ming
- Department of Chemistry, Hubei Key Lab on Organic and Polymeric Optoelectronic Materials, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, P. R. China
| | - Qiaoshi An
- Key Laboratory of Luminescence and Optical Information, Ministry of Education, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing, 100044, P. R. China
| | - Kailong Wu
- Department of Chemistry, Hubei Key Lab on Organic and Polymeric Optoelectronic Materials, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, P. R. China
| | - Dongjun Xie
- Department of Chemistry, Hubei Key Lab on Organic and Polymeric Optoelectronic Materials, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, P. R. China
| | - Zhenghui Luo
- Department of Chemistry, Hubei Key Lab on Organic and Polymeric Optoelectronic Materials, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, P. R. China
| | - Cheng Zhong
- Department of Chemistry, Hubei Key Lab on Organic and Polymeric Optoelectronic Materials, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, P. R. China
| | - Feng Liu
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, and Collaborative Innovation Center of IFSA (CICIFSA), Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, 200240, P. R. China
| | - Fujun Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Luminescence and Optical Information, Ministry of Education, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing, 100044, P. R. China
| | - He Yan
- Department of Chemistry and Hong Kong Branch of Chinese National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration & Reconstruction, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong
| | - Chuluo Yang
- Department of Chemistry, Hubei Key Lab on Organic and Polymeric Optoelectronic Materials, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, P. R. China
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Polymer Science and Technology, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, P. R. China
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