1
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Hsiao HC, Li MC, Vedarethinam G, Chen PL, Chuang SC. Synthesis of Benzo[ c]cinnolinium Salts from 2-Azobiaryls by Copper(II) or Electrochemical Oxidation. Org Lett 2024; 26:1694-1698. [PMID: 38360059 PMCID: PMC10913080 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.4c00213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2024] [Revised: 02/05/2024] [Accepted: 02/06/2024] [Indexed: 02/17/2024]
Abstract
Synthesis of benzo[c]cinnolinium salts by copper(II)-promoted or electrochemical oxidation of 2-azobiaryls is described. A variety of diversely functionalized benzo[c]cinnolinium salts were easily constructed by this strategy with excellent functional group tolerance and high efficiency. An interesting fluorescence centered at 571 nm is revealed by a benzo[c]cinnolinium salt with electron push-pull substitutions. The mechanism is proposed to go through single-electron transfer driven by oxidant and intramolecular cyclization via nucleophilic addition, followed by an anion exchange.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huan-Chang Hsiao
- Department of Applied Chemistry, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu 30010, Taiwan
| | - Meng-Che Li
- Department of Applied Chemistry, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu 30010, Taiwan
| | | | - Pei-Lin Chen
- Department of Applied Chemistry, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu 30010, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Ching Chuang
- Department of Applied Chemistry, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu 30010, Taiwan
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2
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Jayabal K, Elumalai D, Leelakrishnan S, Bhattacharya S, Rengarajan V, Kannan T, Chuang SC. Green and Regioselective Approach for the Synthesis of 3-Substituted Indole Based 1,2-Dihydropyridine and Azaxanthone Derivatives as a Potential Lead for SARS-CoV-2 and Delta Plus Mutant Virus: DFT and Docking Studies. ACS Omega 2022; 7:43856-43876. [PMID: 36506171 PMCID: PMC9730777 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.2c04990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2022] [Accepted: 10/12/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Great attempts have been done for the development of novel antiviral compounds against SAR-CoV-2 to end this pandemic situation and save human society. Herewith, we have synthesized 3-substituted indole/2-substituted pyrrole 1,2-dihydropyridine and azaxanthone scaffolds using simple, commercially available starting materials in a one-pot, green, and regioselective manner. Further, the regioselectivity of product formation was confirmed by various studies such as controlled experiments, density functional theory (DFT), Mulliken atomic charge, and electrostatic potential (ESP) surface. In addition, 3-substituted indole 1,2-dihydropyridine was successfully converted into a biologically enriched pharmacophore scaffold, viz., indolylimidazopyridinylbenzofuran scaffold, in excellent yield. Moreover, the synthesized 3-substituted indole 1,2-dihydropyridine/2-substituted pyrroles were analyzed in docking studies for anti-SARS-CoV-2 properties against their main protease (Mpro) and anti-Delta plus properties against their protein of the Delta plus K417N mutant. Further, the drug-likeness prediction was analyzed by the Lipinski rule and other pharmacokinetic properties like absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion, and toxicity using preADMET prediction. Interestingly, the docking results show that out of 20 synthesized compounds, 5 of them for Mpro of SAR-CoV-2 and 9 of them for 7NX7 spike glycoprotein's A chain of Delta plus K417N show greater binding affinity when compared with remdesivir that is the first to receive FDA approval and is currently used as a potent drug for the treatment of COVID-19. These results suggest that indole/pyrrole substituted 1,2-dihydropyridine derivatives are capable of combating SARS-CoV-2 and its Delta plus mutant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kamalraja Jayabal
- Department
of Chemistry, Pondicherry University, Puducherry 605014, India
- Department
of Applied Chemistry, National Yang Ming
Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu 30010, Taiwan R.O.C
| | | | - Saraswathi Leelakrishnan
- Department
of Chemistry, Pondicherry University, Puducherry 605014, India
- Department
of Chemistry, Nirmala College for Women, Coimbatore 641018, India
| | - Suman Bhattacharya
- Department
of Physics, University of Limerick, Castletroy, Limerick V94
T9PX , Republic of Ireland
| | | | | | - Shih-Ching Chuang
- Department
of Applied Chemistry, National Yang Ming
Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu 30010, Taiwan R.O.C
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3
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Ueda K, Fukuzaki R, Ito T, Toyama N, Muraoka M, Terao T, Manabe K, Hirai T, Wu CJ, Chuang SC, Kawano S, Murata M. A Highly Conductive n-Type Coordination Complex with Thieno[3,2- b]thiophene Units: Facile Synthesis, Orientation, and Thermoelectric Properties. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:18744-18749. [PMID: 36166343 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c07888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
An organometallic nickel complex containing thieno[3,2-b]thiophene units was designed and synthesized. Composite films of the resulting nickel complex and polyvinylidene difluoride, which can be fabricated via a simple solution process under atmospheric conditions, exhibit remarkably high n-type conductivity (>200 S cm-1). Moreover, the thermoelectric power factor of the n-type composite film was proven to be air stable. A grazing-incidence wide-angle X-ray diffraction analysis indicated a significant impact of introducing the thieno[3,2-b]thiophene core into the backbone of the nickel complex on the orientation within the composite films.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuki Ueda
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Osaka Institute of Technology, Osaka 535-8585, Japan
| | - Riku Fukuzaki
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Osaka Institute of Technology, Osaka 535-8585, Japan
| | - Takumu Ito
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Osaka Institute of Technology, Osaka 535-8585, Japan
| | - Nana Toyama
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Osaka Institute of Technology, Osaka 535-8585, Japan
| | - Masahiro Muraoka
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Osaka Institute of Technology, Osaka 535-8585, Japan
| | - Toshiki Terao
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Osaka Institute of Technology, Osaka 535-8585, Japan
| | - Kei Manabe
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Osaka Institute of Technology, Osaka 535-8585, Japan
| | - Tomoyasu Hirai
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Osaka Institute of Technology, Osaka 535-8585, Japan
| | - Ching-Ju Wu
- Department of Applied Chemistry, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, 30010 Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Ching Chuang
- Department of Applied Chemistry, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, 30010 Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Shintaro Kawano
- Osaka Research Institute of Industrial Science and Technology, 1-6-50 Morinomiya, Joto-ku, Osaka 536-8553, Japan
| | - Michihisa Murata
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Osaka Institute of Technology, Osaka 535-8585, Japan
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Hsieh CM, Hsiao HC, Yamada Y, Wu WR, Jeng US, Su CJ, Lin YS, Murata M, Chang YJ, Chuang SC. Promoting the Efficiency and Stability of Nonfullerene Organic Photovoltaics by Incorporating Open-Cage [60]Fullerenes in the Nonfullerene Nanocrystallites. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2022; 14:39109-39119. [PMID: 35976775 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c06354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The device efficiency of PM6:Y6-based nonfullerene organic solar cells is fast advanced recently. To maintain organic solar cells (OSCs) with high power conversion efficiency over 16% in long-term operation, however, remains a challenge. Here, a novel non-volatile additive, an open-cage [60]fullerene (8OC60Me), is incorporated into PM6:Y6-based OSCs for high-performance with high durability. With optimized addition of 1.0 wt % 8OC60Me, the PCE value of PM6:Y6/8OC60Me OSCs can be promoted to 16.5% from 15.0%. Most strikingly, such a high PCE performance can maintain nearly 100% for over 500 h at room temperature; at an elevated operation temperature of 80 °C, the PCE can be stabilized above 15.0% after 45 h of operation. Grazing incidence small- and wide- angle X-ray scattering studies reveal improved orientation and crystallinity of Y6 in a fractal-like network structure of PM6 in PM6:Y6/8OC60Me films under in situ annealing, parallel to the enhanced electron mobility. Analysis of charge distributions lines up possible van der Waals interaction between the thienyl/carbonyl moiety of 8OC60Me and difluorophenyl-based FIC-end groups of Y6. This result is of great contrast to those devices with the best-selling PC61BM as the additives─8OC60Me might be of interest to be incorporated into future Y6-based OSCs for concomitantly improved PCE and excellent stability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng-Ming Hsieh
- Department of Applied Chemistry, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, 30010 Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Huan-Chang Hsiao
- Department of Applied Chemistry, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, 30010 Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Yuto Yamada
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Osaka Institute of Technology, Osaka 535-8585, Japan
| | - Wei-Ru Wu
- National Synchrotron Radiation Research Center, Hsinchu Science Park, Hsinchu 30076, Taiwan
| | - U-Ser Jeng
- National Synchrotron Radiation Research Center, Hsinchu Science Park, Hsinchu 30076, Taiwan
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Jen Su
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan
| | - Ying-Sheng Lin
- Department of Chemistry, Tunghai University, Taichung City 40704, Taiwan
| | - Michihisa Murata
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Osaka Institute of Technology, Osaka 535-8585, Japan
| | - Yuan Jay Chang
- Department of Chemistry, Tunghai University, Taichung City 40704, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Ching Chuang
- Department of Applied Chemistry, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, 30010 Hsinchu, Taiwan
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5
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Hsiao HC, Chen PL, Chuang SC. Crystal structure and fluorescence of 1-[8-phenyl-9-(phenylethynyl)-4 H-benzo[ def]carbazol-4-yl]ethan-1-one. Acta Crystallogr E Crystallogr Commun 2022; 78:590-593. [PMID: 36072156 PMCID: PMC9431799 DOI: 10.1107/s2056989022004509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2022] [Accepted: 04/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
A dual emissive fluorescent substituted benzo[def]carbazole was obtained through C—H bond activation catalysed by Pd(OAc)2. It crystallizes in the monoclinic space group P21/n. The crystal of the title compound, C60H38N2O2, which crystallizes in the monoclinic space group P21/n, was obtained by thermal evaporation of a 1:1 dichloromethane and hexanes solution of the pure compound. The crystal structure is stabilized by π–π interactions between benzo[def]carbazole moieties and carbonyl–carbonyl interactions between the two acetyl groups.
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Nallapati S, Tseng MF, Chen PL, Chuang SC. Phosphine-Mediated [4 + 3] Annulation of Diynoates and 2-Arylidene Indane-1,3-diones: Access of Indeno[1,2- b]oxepin-4-ylidenes and Beyond. Org Lett 2022; 24:2993-2997. [PMID: 35442699 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.2c00893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
A novel unprecedented triphenylphosphine-mediated [4 + 3] annulation reaction of 2-benzylidene indane-1,3-diones and -diynoates through initial phosphine α-addition was discovered and found to result in biologically interesting indeno[1,2-b]oxepin-4-ylidenes in up to 75% yield. The seven-membered separable Z and E isomeric oxepins were confirmed using single-crystal X-ray diffraction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sureshbabu Nallapati
- Department of Applied Chemistry, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu 30010, Taiwan, R.O.C.,Department of Applied Chemistry, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu 30010, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Min-Feng Tseng
- Department of Applied Chemistry, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu 30010, Taiwan, R.O.C.,Department of Applied Chemistry, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu 30010, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Pei-Ling Chen
- Department of Chemistry, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30050 Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Shih-Ching Chuang
- Department of Applied Chemistry, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu 30010, Taiwan, R.O.C.,Department of Applied Chemistry, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu 30010, Taiwan, R.O.C
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7
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Hsieh CM, Chuang MR, Yamada Y, Su CJ, Chang YJ, Murata M, Jeng US, Chuang SC. p-Tetrafluorophenylene Divinylene-Bridged Nonfullerene Acceptors as Binary Components or Additives for High-Efficiency Organic Solar Cells. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2021; 13:61473-61486. [PMID: 34918898 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c19943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
In this study, we designed, synthesized, and characterized an A-D-A'-D-A-type indacenodithienothiophene (IDTT)-based molecular acceptor that exhibited a broader absorption range and higher lowest unoccupied molecular orbital energy level with a nearly comparable band gap compared to a well-known electron acceptor IT-M. The designed electron-deficient molecular acceptor FB-2IDTT-4Cl with a fluorinated benzene tether (FB), that is, p-tetrafluorophenylene divinylene, demonstrated long-wavelength absorption and high hole and electron charge mobility in the thin films blended with the electron donor PBDB-T for an inverted organic photovoltaic (OPV) binary device, resulting in a maximum power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 11.4%. Such a performance is comparably as high as that of the device with PBDB-T:IT-M, and particularly, it was 18.8% higher than that of the devices with ITIC-4Cl as the acceptor (PCE 9.1% ± 0.5%) and 24.9% higher than that of the devices with the thiophene-flanked benzothiadiazole-bridged acceptor CNDTBT-IDTT-FINCN (PCE 9.01% ± 0.13%). Furthermore, varying the illumination intensity from 200 to 2000 lux increased the Jsc and Voc values as well as the FF values, thus leading to increased PCE levels. In addition, the best PCE of the PM6:Y6 device with 1% FB-2IDTT-4Cl as additives was 16.9%. Our stability test showed that the PM6:Y6 standard device efficiency downgraded very soon either at room temperature or under thermal-annealing conditions. However, with the addition of 1% FB-2IDTT-4Cl as additives, the device efficiency still can be maintained at 90-95% in 500 h at room temperature and 95% at 20 h and 85-95% in 45 h at an annealing temperature of 80 °C. These findings demonstrate FB-2IDTT-4Cl to be a promising candidate as an electron acceptor with a fluorinated π-bridging fused-ring design for OPV applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng-Ming Hsieh
- Department of Applied Chemistry, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu 30010, Taiwan
- Department of Applied Chemistry, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu 30010, Taiwan
| | - Min-Ru Chuang
- Department of Applied Chemistry, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu 30010, Taiwan
- Department of Applied Chemistry, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu 30010, Taiwan
| | - Yuto Yamada
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Osaka Institute of Technology, Osaka 535-8585, Japan
| | - Chun-Jen Su
- National Synchrotron Radiation Research Center, Hsinchu Science Park, Hsinchu 30076, Taiwan
| | - Yuan Jay Chang
- Department of Chemistry, Tunghai University, Taichung City 40704, Taiwan
| | - Michihisa Murata
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Osaka Institute of Technology, Osaka 535-8585, Japan
| | - U-Ser Jeng
- National Synchrotron Radiation Research Center, Hsinchu Science Park, Hsinchu 30076, Taiwan
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Ching Chuang
- Department of Applied Chemistry, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu 30010, Taiwan
- Department of Applied Chemistry, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu 30010, Taiwan
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8
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Seo J, Chen CW, Chuang SC, Joo JM, Lee W, Jeon JE, Chen PL. Palladium-Catalyzed C–H Benzannulation of Functionalized Furans and Pyrroles with Alkynes. SYNTHESIS-STUTTGART 2021. [DOI: 10.1055/a-1502-3641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
AbstractA benzannulation strategy involving activation of two C–H bonds of five-membered heteroarenes was developed. Readily available furans and pyrroles stabilized by synthetically useful electron-withdrawing groups underwent Pd-catalyzed 1:2 annulation reactions with diaryl alkynes. A variety of functional groups, including ester, amide, ketone, aldehyde, and nitrile, on the heterocyclic cores were tolerated in the Pd-catalyzed oxidative reactions. In these reactions, the combination of 2,2-dimethylbutyric acid and its conjugate base facilitated metalation at the heteroaromatic rings and reoxidation of the Pd(0) species using oxygen as the terminal oxidant. This strategy provides fluorescent benzofuran and indole derivatives and is expected to allow for further development of functionalized polycyclic heteroaromatic compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Seo
- Department of Chemistry and Chemistry Institute for Functional Materials, Pusan National University
| | - Che-Wei Chen
- Department of Applied Chemistry, National Chiao Tung University
- Department of Applied Chemistry, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University
| | - Shih-Ching Chuang
- Department of Applied Chemistry, National Chiao Tung University
- Department of Applied Chemistry, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University
| | - Jung Min Joo
- Department of Chemistry and Chemistry Institute for Functional Materials, Pusan National University
| | - Woohyeong Lee
- Department of Chemistry and Chemistry Institute for Functional Materials, Pusan National University
| | - Ju Eun Jeon
- Department of Chemistry and Chemistry Institute for Functional Materials, Pusan National University
| | - Pei-Ling Chen
- Department of Chemistry, National Tsing Hua University
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Sun SY, Raju S, Vedarethinam G, Chen PL, Chuang SC. TfOH-promoted Classical Nazarov-type Cyclization of Benzofulvenes: Synthesis of Polycyclic 5 H,10' H-spiro[benzo[ k]phenanthridine-5,6'-dibenzopentalenes]. Org Lett 2021; 23:6212-6216. [PMID: 34355911 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.1c01809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
The reaction of o-benzofulvene with TfOH leads to intramolecular cyclization through novel C-C and C-N bond formation, resulting in the formation of 5H,10'H-spiro[benzo[k]phenanthridine-5,6'-dibenzopentalene]. This protocol provides a new molecular framework with reasonable to excellent yields and tolerates various electron-withdrawing/donating substituents. This method yields diastereoselectivity of up to >20:1. Furthermore, it is free of bases, oxidants, and metals and proceeds under mild reaction conditions, which are favorable for synthetic organic chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shang-You Sun
- Department of Applied Chemistry, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, Taiwan 30010, ROC
| | - Selvam Raju
- Department of Applied Chemistry, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, Taiwan 30010, ROC
| | - Guganchandar Vedarethinam
- Department of Applied Chemistry, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, Taiwan 30010, ROC
| | - Pei-Lin Chen
- Department of Chemistry, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan 30013, ROC
| | - Shih-Ching Chuang
- Department of Applied Chemistry, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, Taiwan 30010, ROC
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10
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Jillella R, Raju S, Hsiao HC, Hsu DS, Chuang SC. Pd-Catalyzed Redox-Neutral C–N Coupling Reaction of Iminoquinones with Electron-Deficient Alkenes without External Oxidants: Access of Tertiary ( E)-Enamines and Application to the Synthesis of Indoles and Quinolin-4-ones. Org Lett 2020; 22:6252-6256. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.0c01929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Raveendra Jillella
- Department of Applied Chemistry, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu 30010, Taiwan
| | - Selvam Raju
- Department of Applied Chemistry, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu 30010, Taiwan
| | - Huan-Chang Hsiao
- Department of Applied Chemistry, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu 30010, Taiwan
| | - Day-Shin Hsu
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, National Chung Cheng University, Chiayi 62102, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Ching Chuang
- Department of Applied Chemistry, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu 30010, Taiwan
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11
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Annamalai P, Hsiao HC, Raju S, Fu YH, Chen PL, Horng JC, Liu YH, Chuang SC. Synthesis, Isolation, and Characterization of Mono- and Bis-norbornene-Annulated Biarylamines through Pseudo-Catellani Intermediates. Org Lett 2019; 21:1182-1186. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.9b00119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Huan-Chang Hsiao
- Department of Applied Chemistry, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu 30010, Taiwan
| | - Selvam Raju
- Department of Applied Chemistry, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu 30010, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Hsuan Fu
- Department of Chemistry, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30010, Taiwan
| | - Pei-Ling Chen
- Department of Chemistry, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30010, Taiwan
| | - Jia-Cherng Horng
- Department of Chemistry, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30010, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Hung Liu
- Instrumentation Center, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Ching Chuang
- Department of Applied Chemistry, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu 30010, Taiwan
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12
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Raju S, Hsiao HC, Thirupathi S, Chen PL, Chuang SC. Palladium-Catalyzed Benzofulvenation of o
-Arylanilines through C−H Bond Activation by Using Two Diarylacetylenes as an Implicit Benzofulvene. Adv Synth Catal 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.201801352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Selvam Raju
- Department of Applied Chemistry; National Chiao Tung University; 1001 Ta-Hsueh Road Hsinchu Taiwan 30010
| | - Huan-Chang Hsiao
- Department of Applied Chemistry; National Chiao Tung University; 1001 Ta-Hsueh Road Hsinchu Taiwan 30010
| | - Selvakumar Thirupathi
- Department of Applied Chemistry; National Chiao Tung University; 1001 Ta-Hsueh Road Hsinchu Taiwan 30010
| | - Pei-Ling Chen
- Department of Chemistry; National Tsing Hua University; Hsinchu Taiwan 30013
| | - Shih-Ching Chuang
- Department of Applied Chemistry; National Chiao Tung University; 1001 Ta-Hsueh Road Hsinchu Taiwan 30010
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13
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Shih-Ching Chuang
- Department of Applied Chemistry; National Chiao Tung University; Hsinchu 300 Taiwan
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14
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Chiou MF, Jayakumar J, Cheng CH, Chuang SC. Impact of the Valence Charge of Transition Metals on the Cobalt- and Rhodium-Catalyzed Synthesis of Indenamines, Indenols, and Isoquinolinium Salts: A Catalytic Cycle Involving M III/M V [M = Co, Rh] for [4 + 2] Annulation. J Org Chem 2018; 83:7814-7824. [PMID: 29896964 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.8b00711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Reaction mechanisms for the synthesis of indenamines, indenols, and isoquinolinium salts through cobalt- and rhodium-catalysis were investigated using density functional theory calculations. We found that the valence charge of transition metals dramatically influences the reaction pathways. Catalytic reactions involving lower-oxidation-state transition metals (MI/MIII, M = Co and Rh) generally favor a [3 + 2] cyclization pathway, whereas those involving higher oxidation states (MIII/MV) proceed through a [4 + 2] cyclization pathway. A catalytic cycle with novel MIII/MV as a crucial species was successfully revealed for isoquinolinium salts synthesis, in which highly valent MV was encountered not only in the [RhCp*]-catalysis but also in the [CoCp*]-catalysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mong-Feng Chiou
- Department of Applied Chemistry , National Chiao Tung University , Hsinchu 30010 , Taiwan
| | | | - Chien-Hong Cheng
- Department of Chemistry , National Tsing Hua University , Hsinchu 30010 , Taiwan
| | - Shih-Ching Chuang
- Department of Applied Chemistry , National Chiao Tung University , Hsinchu 30010 , Taiwan
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15
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Annamalai P, Hsu KC, Raju S, Hsiao HC, Chou CW, Lin GY, Hsieh CM, Chen PL, Liu YH, Chuang SC. Palladium(II)-Catalyzed Mono- and Bis-alkenylation of N-Acetyl-2-aminobiaryls through Regioselective C-H Bond Activation. J Org Chem 2018. [PMID: 29521504 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.8b00194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
We developed palladium-catalyzed oxidative coupling of olefins with N-acyl 2-aminobiaryls through a sequence of ortho C-H bond activation/alkene insertion/reductive elimination. Furthermore, we controlled the selectivity of mono- and bis-alkenylation products with the solvent effect. The developed protocol was promising for a broad substrate scope ranging from activated olefins with a wide variety of functional groups to unactivated olefins.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kou-Chi Hsu
- Department of Applied Chemistry , National Chiao Tung University , Hsinchu 30013 , Taiwan
| | - Selvam Raju
- Department of Applied Chemistry , National Chiao Tung University , Hsinchu 30013 , Taiwan
| | - Huan-Chang Hsiao
- Department of Applied Chemistry , National Chiao Tung University , Hsinchu 30013 , Taiwan
| | - Chih-Wei Chou
- Department of Applied Chemistry , National Chiao Tung University , Hsinchu 30013 , Taiwan
| | - Gu-Ying Lin
- Department of Applied Chemistry , National Chiao Tung University , Hsinchu 30013 , Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Ming Hsieh
- Department of Applied Chemistry , National Chiao Tung University , Hsinchu 30013 , Taiwan
| | - Pei-Ling Chen
- Department of Chemistry , National Tsing Hua University , Hsinchu , Taiwan 30013
| | - Yi-Hung Liu
- Instrumentation Center , National Taiwan University , Taipei , Taiwan 30010
| | - Shih-Ching Chuang
- Department of Applied Chemistry , National Chiao Tung University , Hsinchu 30013 , Taiwan
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16
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Abstract
Isolated traumatic gallbladder rupture subsequent to blunt abdominal injury is rare. Most literatures on the subjects consist of case reports. We reported a rare case of isolated gallbladder rupture and discussed the possible predisposing factors to gallbladder rupture.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - S C Chuang
- Division of Hepatobiliary-Pancreatic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital; Division of Hepatobiliary-Pancreatic Surgery, Transplantation Center, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital; Department of Surgery, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
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17
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Hsieh CM, Liao YS, Lin YR, Chen CP, Tsai CM, Wei-Guang Diau E, Chuang SC. Low-temperature, simple and efficient preparation of perovskite solar cells using Lewis bases urea and thiourea as additives: stimulating large grain growth and providing a PCE up to 18.8%. RSC Adv 2018; 8:19610-19615. [PMID: 35540970 PMCID: PMC9080687 DOI: 10.1039/c8ra03175d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2018] [Accepted: 05/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
We demonstrated that urea can be used as an efficient additive for perovskite solar cells with a remarkable performance of 18.8%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng-Ming Hsieh
- Department of Applied Chemistry
- National Chiao Tung University
- Hsinchu
- Taiwan
| | - Yung-Sheng Liao
- Department of Materials Engineering
- Ming Chi University of Technology
- New Taipei City
- Taiwan
| | - Yan-Ru Lin
- Department of Materials Engineering
- Ming Chi University of Technology
- New Taipei City
- Taiwan
| | - Chih-Ping Chen
- Department of Materials Engineering
- Ming Chi University of Technology
- New Taipei City
- Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Min Tsai
- Department of Applied Chemistry
- National Chiao Tung University
- Hsinchu
- Taiwan
| | | | - Shih-Ching Chuang
- Department of Applied Chemistry
- National Chiao Tung University
- Hsinchu
- Taiwan
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18
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Chuang SC, Raju S, Annamalai P, Chan FW, Tseng PY, Chen PY, Kuo TS. Palladium-Catalyzed Regio- and Stereoselective Hydrosulfonation of Propiolate Esters. SYNTHESIS-STUTTGART 2017. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0036-1588501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
An efficient palladium-catalyzed addition reaction of alkyl- and arylsulfonic acids to propiolate esters to yield alkenyl sulfonates is demonstrated. The formation of alkenyl sulfonates is highly regio- and stereoselective with favorable yields of up to 95%, and two of the alkenyl sulfonates are utilized for a Sonogashira cross-coupling reaction to produce (Z)-1,3-enynoates.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Selvam Raju
- Department of Applied Chemistry, National Chiao Tung University
| | | | - Fu-Wei Chan
- Department of Applied Chemistry, National Chiao Tung University
| | - Po-Yen Tseng
- Department of Applied Chemistry, National Chiao Tung University
| | - Po-Yen Chen
- Department of Applied Chemistry, National Chiao Tung University
| | - Ting-Shen Kuo
- Department of Chemistry, National Taiwan Normal University
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19
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Raju S, Annamalai P, Chen PL, Liu YH, Chuang SC. Palladium-Catalyzed C–H Bond Activation by Using Iminoquinone as a Directing Group and an Internal Oxidant or a Co-oxidant: Production of Dihydrophenanthridines, Phenanthridines, and Carbazoles. Org Lett 2017; 19:4134-4137. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.7b01956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Selvam Raju
- Department
of Applied Chemistry, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu 30010, Taiwan
| | | | - Pei-Ling Chen
- Department
of Chemistry, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Hung Liu
- Instrumentation
Center, National Taiwan University, Taipei 30010, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Ching Chuang
- Department
of Applied Chemistry, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu 30010, Taiwan
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20
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Hsieh CM, Yu YL, Chen CP, Chuang SC. Effects of the additives n-propylammonium or n-butylammonium iodide on the performance of perovskite solar cells. RSC Adv 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c7ra11286f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The presence of C3H7NH3I caused the perovskite films to grow with high coverage, thereby allowing the devices to display high performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng-Ming Hsieh
- Department of Applied Chemistry
- National Chiao Tung University
- Hsinchu
- Republic of China
| | - Yen-Lin Yu
- Department of Materials Engineering
- Ming Chi University of Technology
- New Taipei City
- Republic of China
| | - Chih-Ping Chen
- Department of Materials Engineering
- Ming Chi University of Technology
- New Taipei City
- Republic of China
| | - Shih-Ching Chuang
- Department of Applied Chemistry
- National Chiao Tung University
- Hsinchu
- Republic of China
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21
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Raju S, Annamalai P, Chen PL, Liu YH, Chuang SC. Iptycenes with an acridinone motif developed through [4+2] cycloaddition of tethered naphthalene and iminoquinone via a radical reaction. Chem Commun (Camb) 2017; 53:6247-6250. [DOI: 10.1039/c7cc03030d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
A new class of iptycenes was developed by combining 2-(naphthalen-1-yl)anilines and p-benzoquinones through copper(ii)-mediated radical cyclisation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Selvam Raju
- Department of Applied Chemistry
- National Chiao Tung University
- Hsinchu
- Taiwan 30010
| | | | - Pei-Ling Chen
- Department of Chemistry
- National Tsing Hua University
- Hsinchu
- Taiwan 30013
| | - Yi-Hung Liu
- Instrumentation Center
- National Taiwan University
- Taipei
- Taiwan 30010
| | - Shih-Ching Chuang
- Department of Applied Chemistry
- National Chiao Tung University
- Hsinchu
- Taiwan 30010
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22
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Annamalai P, Chen WY, Raju S, Hsu KC, Upadhyay NS, Cheng CH, Chuang SC. Palladium-Catalyzed Selective Aryl Ring C-H Activation ofN-Acyl-2-aminobiaryls: Efficient Access to Multiaryl-Substituted Naphthalenes. Adv Synth Catal 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.201600488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Wu-Yin Chen
- Department of Applied Chemistry; National Chiao Tung University; Hsinchu 30003 Taiwan
| | - Selvam Raju
- Department of Applied Chemistry; National Chiao Tung University; Hsinchu 30003 Taiwan
| | - Kou-Chi Hsu
- Department of Applied Chemistry; National Chiao Tung University; Hsinchu 30003 Taiwan
| | | | - Chien-Hong Cheng
- Department of Chemistry; National Tsing Hua University; Hsinchu 30013 Taiwan
| | - Shih-Ching Chuang
- Department of Applied Chemistry; National Chiao Tung University; Hsinchu 30003 Taiwan
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23
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Chuang SC, Sung SP, Deng JC, Chiou MF, Hsu DS. Multicomponent reactions of phosphines, enynedioates and benzylidene malononitriles generated highly substituted cyclopentenes through an unexpected phosphine α-addition-δ-evolvement of an anion pathway. Org Biomol Chem 2016; 14:2306-17. [PMID: 26806006 DOI: 10.1039/c5ob02445e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Multicomponent reactions of phosphines, enynedioates and benzylidene malononitriles provide highly substituted syn-selective cyclopentenes appending the phosphorus ylide moiety in good yield with a diastereoselectivity of up to 100% through resonance-derived 1,5-dipolar species as the key intermediates, via the nucleophilic α(δ')-attack of phosphines toward enynedioates followed by addition to benzylidene malononitriles and 5-exo-dig cyclization. Through computational analyses, the overall reactions for the formation of syn- and anti-diastereomers are both exothermic with 65.6 and 66.3 kcal mol(-1) at the B3LYP-D3/6-31G(d) level of theory and were found to be kinetically controlled, which favours the formation of syn-diastereomers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shih-Ching Chuang
- Department of Applied Chemistry, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu 30010, Taiwan, Republic of China.
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24
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Wu AJ, Tseng PY, Hsu WH, Chuang SC. Tricyclohexylphosphine-Catalyzed Cycloaddition of Enynoates with [60]Fullerene and the Application of Cyclopentenofullerenes as n-Type Materials in Organic Photovoltaics. Org Lett 2015; 18:224-7. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.5b03293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- An-Ju Wu
- Department of Applied Chemistry, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu 30010, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Po-Yen Tseng
- Department of Applied Chemistry, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu 30010, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Wei-Hsin Hsu
- Department of Applied Chemistry, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu 30010, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Shih-Ching Chuang
- Department of Applied Chemistry, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu 30010, Taiwan, R.O.C
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25
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Chuang SC, Tai HC, Chavan A. Nucleophilic Conjugate 1,5-Addition of Gilman Reagents to (E)-Hex-2-en-4-ynedioates: An Access to β(γ′)-Substituted Muconates. SYNTHESIS-STUTTGART 2015. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0034-1378856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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26
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Deng JC, Chen WY, Zhu C, Chuang SC. Multicomponent Reactions of Phosphines, Enynedioates and Cinnamaldimines Give γ-Lactams with a 1,3,5-Hexatriene Moiety for Facile 6π Electrocyclization: Access to Oxindoles, Isatins and Isoxazolinones. Adv Synth Catal 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.201401134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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27
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Deng JC, Chuang SC. Multicomponent Reactions of Phosphines, Diynedioates, and Aryl Aldehydes Generated Furans Appending Reactive Phosphorus Ylides through Cumulated Trienoates as Key Intermediates: A Phosphine α-Addition-δ-Evolvement of an Anion Pathway. Org Lett 2014; 16:5792-5. [DOI: 10.1021/ol502879c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jie-Cheng Deng
- Department of Applied Chemistry, National Chiao Tung University, 1001, Ta-Hsueh Road, Hsinchu 30010, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Shih-Ching Chuang
- Department of Applied Chemistry, National Chiao Tung University, 1001, Ta-Hsueh Road, Hsinchu 30010, Taiwan, R.O.C
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28
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Jayakumar J, Parthasarathy K, Chen YH, Lee TH, Chuang SC, Cheng CH. One-Pot Synthesis of Highly Substituted Polyheteroaromatic Compounds by Rhodium(III)-Catalyzed Multiple CH Activation and Annulation. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201405183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
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29
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Jayakumar J, Parthasarathy K, Chen YH, Lee TH, Chuang SC, Cheng CH. One-Pot Synthesis of Highly Substituted Polyheteroaromatic Compounds by Rhodium(III)-Catalyzed Multiple CH Activation and Annulation. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2014; 53:9889-92. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201405183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 135] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2014] [Revised: 06/12/2014] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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30
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Lee TH, Jayakumar J, Cheng CH, Chuang SC. One pot synthesis of bioactive benzopyranones through palladium-catalyzed C-H activation and CO insertion into 2-arylphenols. Chem Commun (Camb) 2014; 49:11797-9. [PMID: 24212301 DOI: 10.1039/c3cc47197g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Palladium-catalyzed oxidative carbonylation of 2-arylphenols through C-H bond activation and C-C and C-O bond formation under acid-base free and mild conditions has been developed. The reaction tolerates a variety of substrates and provides biologically important benzopyranone derivatives in up to 87% isolated yield.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tai-Hua Lee
- Department of Applied Chemistry, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu 30010, Taiwan, R.O.C..
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31
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32
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Lin YW, Deng JC, Hsieh YZ, Chuang SC. One-pot formation of fluorescent γ-lactams having an α-phosphorus ylide moiety through three-component α(δ′)-Michael reactions of phosphines with an enyne and N-tosyl aldimines. Org Biomol Chem 2014; 12:162-70. [DOI: 10.1039/c3ob41811a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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33
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Murata Y, Chuang SC, Tanabe F, Murata M, Komatsu K. Recognition of hydrogen isotopomers by an open-cage fullerene. Philos Trans A Math Phys Eng Sci 2013; 371:20110629. [PMID: 23918711 DOI: 10.1098/rsta.2011.0629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
We present our study on the recognition of hydrogen isotopes by an open-cage fullerene through determination of binding affinity of isotopes H₂/HD/D₂ with the open-cage fullerene and comparison of their relative molecular sizes through kinetic-isotope-release experiments. We took advantage of isotope H₂/D₂ exchange that generated an equilibrium mixture of H₂/HD/D₂ in a stainless steel autoclave to conduct high-pressure hydrogen insertion into an open-cage fullerene. The equilibrium constants of three isotopes with the open-cage fullerene were determined at various pressures and temperatures. Our results show a higher equilibrium constant for HD into open-cage fullerene than the other two isotopomers, which is consistent with its dipolar nature. D₂ molecule generally binds stronger than H₂ because of its heavier mass; however, the affinity for H₂ becomes larger than D₂ at lower temperature, when size effect becomes dominant. We further investigated the kinetics of H₂/HD/D₂ release from open-cage fullerene, proving their relative escaping rates. D₂ was found to be the smallest and H₂ the largest molecule. This notion has not only supported the observed inversion of relative binding affinities between H₂ and D₂, but also demonstrated that comparison of size difference of single molecules through non-convalent kinetic-isotope effect was applicable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasujiro Murata
- Institute for Chemical Research, Kyoto University, Uji, Kyoto 611-0011, Japan.
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34
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Tseng PY, Chuang SC. Chemo-, Regio- and Stereoselective Tricyclohexylphosphine-Catalyzed [3+2] Cycloaddition of Enynes with [60]Fullerene Initiated by 1,4-Michael Addition: Synthesis of Cyclopenteno[60]fullerenes and their Electrochemical Properties. Adv Synth Catal 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.201300255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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35
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Rajeshkumar V, Lee TH, Chuang SC. Palladium-Catalyzed Oxidative Insertion of Carbon Monoxide to N-Sulfonyl-2-aminobiaryls through C–H Bond Activation: Access to Bioactive Phenanthridinone Derivatives in One Pot. Org Lett 2013; 15:1468-71. [DOI: 10.1021/ol4001922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Tai-Hua Lee
- Department of Applied Chemistry, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu 30010, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Shih-Ching Chuang
- Department of Applied Chemistry, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu 30010, Taiwan, R.O.C
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36
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Fedirko V, Lukanova A, Bamia C, Trichopolou A, Trepo E, Nöthlings U, Schlesinger S, Aleksandrova K, Boffetta P, Tjønneland A, Johnsen NF, Overvad K, Fagherazzi G, Racine A, Boutron-Ruault MC, Grote V, Kaaks R, Boeing H, Naska A, Adarakis G, Valanou E, Palli D, Sieri S, Tumino R, Vineis P, Panico S, Bueno-de-Mesquita HBA, Siersema PD, Peeters PH, Weiderpass E, Skeie G, Engeset D, Quirós JR, Zamora-Ros R, Sánchez MJ, Amiano P, Huerta JM, Barricarte A, Johansen D, Lindkvist B, Sund M, Werner M, Crowe F, Khaw KT, Ferrari P, Romieu I, Chuang SC, Riboli E, Jenab M. Glycemic index, glycemic load, dietary carbohydrate, and dietary fiber intake and risk of liver and biliary tract cancers in Western Europeans. Ann Oncol 2013; 24:543-553. [PMID: 23123507 PMCID: PMC3551485 DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mds434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2012] [Revised: 07/20/2012] [Accepted: 07/24/2012] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The type and quantity of dietary carbohydrate as quantified by glycemic index (GI) and glycemic load (GL), and dietary fiber may influence the risk of liver and biliary tract cancers, but convincing evidence is lacking. PATIENTS AND METHODS The association between dietary GI/GL and carbohydrate intake with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC; N = 191), intrahepatic bile duct (IBD; N = 66), and biliary tract (N = 236) cancer risk was investigated in 477 206 participants of the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition cohort. Dietary intake was assessed by country-specific, validated dietary questionnaires. Hazard ratios and 95% confidence intervals were estimated from proportional hazard models. HBV/HCV status was measured in a nested case-control subset. RESULTS Higher dietary GI, GL, or increased intake of total carbohydrate was not associated with liver or biliary tract cancer risk. For HCC, divergent risk estimates were observed for total sugar = 1.43 (1.17-1.74) per 50 g/day, total starch = 0.70 (0.55-0.90) per 50 g/day, and total dietary fiber = 0.70 (0.52-0.93) per 10 g/day. The findings for dietary fiber were confirmed among HBV/HCV-free participants [0.48 (0.23-1.01)]. Similar associations were observed for IBD [dietary fiber = 0.59 (0.37-0.99) per 10 g/day], but not biliary tract cancer. CONCLUSIONS Findings suggest that higher consumption of dietary fiber and lower consumption of total sugars are associated with lower HCC risk. In addition, high dietary fiber intake could be associated with lower IBD cancer risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Fedirko
- Nutritional Epidemiology Group, Section of Nutrition and Metabolism, International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC-WHO), Lyon, France.
| | - A Lukanova
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Centre (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - C Bamia
- WHO Collaborating Center for Food and Nutrition Policies, Department of Hygiene, Epidemiology, Medical Statistics, University of Athens Medical School, Athens
| | - A Trichopolou
- WHO Collaborating Center for Food and Nutrition Policies, Department of Hygiene, Epidemiology, Medical Statistics, University of Athens Medical School, Athens; Hellenic Health Foundation, Athens, Greece
| | - E Trepo
- Centre de Bioloqie Republique, Lyon, France
| | - U Nöthlings
- Section of Epidemiology, Institute for Experimental Medicine, Christian-Albrechts University of Kiel, Kiel
| | - S Schlesinger
- Section of Epidemiology, Institute for Experimental Medicine, Christian-Albrechts University of Kiel, Kiel
| | - K Aleksandrova
- Department of Epidemiology, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbruecke, Nuthetal, Germany
| | - P Boffetta
- Institute for Translational Epidemiology, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, The Tisch Cancer Institute, New York, USA
| | - A Tjønneland
- Institute of Cancer Epidemiology, Danish Cancer Society, Copenhagen
| | - N F Johnsen
- Institute of Cancer Epidemiology, Danish Cancer Society, Copenhagen
| | - K Overvad
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - G Fagherazzi
- Centre for Research in Epidemiology and Population Health, Inserm (Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale), Institut Gustave Roussy Villejuif; Paris South University, UMRS 1018 Villejuif, France
| | - A Racine
- Centre for Research in Epidemiology and Population Health, Inserm (Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale), Institut Gustave Roussy Villejuif; Paris South University, UMRS 1018 Villejuif, France
| | - M C Boutron-Ruault
- Centre for Research in Epidemiology and Population Health, Inserm (Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale), Institut Gustave Roussy Villejuif; Paris South University, UMRS 1018 Villejuif, France
| | - V Grote
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Centre (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - R Kaaks
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Centre (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - H Boeing
- Department of Epidemiology, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbruecke, Nuthetal, Germany
| | - A Naska
- WHO Collaborating Center for Food and Nutrition Policies, Department of Hygiene, Epidemiology, Medical Statistics, University of Athens Medical School, Athens
| | - G Adarakis
- Hellenic Health Foundation, Athens, Greece
| | - E Valanou
- Hellenic Health Foundation, Athens, Greece
| | - D Palli
- Molecular and Nutritional Epidemiology Unit, Cancer Research and Prevention Institute - ISPO, Florence
| | - S Sieri
- Nutritional Epidemiology Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan
| | - R Tumino
- Cancer Registry and Histopathology Unit, "Civile M.P.Arezzo" Hospital, Ragusa, Italy
| | - P Vineis
- School of Public Health, Imperial College, London, UK; HuGeF Foundation, Turin
| | - S Panico
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Federico II University, Naples, Italy
| | - H B As Bueno-de-Mesquita
- Centre for Nutrition and Health, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven; Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Medical Centre Utrecht (UMCU), Utrecht
| | - P D Siersema
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Medical Centre Utrecht (UMCU), Utrecht
| | - P H Peeters
- Department of Epidemiology Julius Centre for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Centre, Utrecht, the Netherlands; School of Public Health, Imperial College, London, UK
| | - E Weiderpass
- Department of Community Medicine, University of Tromsø, Tromsø; Cancer Registry of Norway, Oslo, Norway; Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Samfundet Folkhälsan, Genetic Epidemiology Group, Folkhälsan Research Center, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - G Skeie
- Department of Community Medicine, University of Tromsø, Tromsø
| | - D Engeset
- Department of Community Medicine, University of Tromsø, Tromsø
| | - J R Quirós
- Public Health Directorate, Health and Health Care Services Council, Asturias
| | - R Zamora-Ros
- Unit of Nutrition, Environment and Cancer, Catalan Institute of Oncology (ICO-IDIBELL), Barcelona
| | - M J Sánchez
- Andalusian School of Public Health, Granada; Consortium for Biomedical Research in Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública-CIBERESP) Granada
| | - P Amiano
- Public Health Division of Gipuzkoa, BIODonostia Research Institute, Department ofHealth of the regional Government of the Basque Country, San Sebastian; Consortium for Biomedical Research in Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública-CIBERESP) Granada
| | - J M Huerta
- Department of Epidemiology, Murcia Regional Health Council, Murcia; Consortium for Biomedical Research in Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública-CIBERESP) Granada
| | - A Barricarte
- Navarre Public Health Institute, Pamplona, Spain; Consortium for Biomedical Research in Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública-CIBERESP) Granada
| | | | - B Lindkvist
- Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg
| | - M Sund
- Department of Surgical and Perioperative Sciences, Umea University
| | - M Werner
- Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Umea University, Sweden
| | - F Crowe
- Cancer Epidemiology Unit, Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford
| | - K T Khaw
- Clinical Gerontology Unit, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Cambridge, UK
| | - P Ferrari
- Nutritional Epidemiology Group, Section of Nutrition and Metabolism, International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC-WHO), Lyon, France
| | - I Romieu
- Nutritional Epidemiology Group, Section of Nutrition and Metabolism, International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC-WHO), Lyon, France
| | - S C Chuang
- School of Public Health, Imperial College, London, UK
| | - E Riboli
- School of Public Health, Imperial College, London, UK
| | - M Jenab
- Nutritional Epidemiology Group, Section of Nutrition and Metabolism, International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC-WHO), Lyon, France
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37
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Deng JC, Chan FW, Kuo CW, Cheng CA, Huang CY, Chuang SC. Assembly of Dimethyl Acetylenedicarboxylate and Phosphanes with Aldehydes Leading to γ-Lactones Bearing α-Phosphorus Ylides as Wittig Reagents. European J Org Chem 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201200400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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38
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Rajeshkumar V, Chuang SC. Evolution of Late Transition-Metal-Catalyzed Intermolecular Reductive Coupling Reaction of [60]Fullerene and N-Sulfonylaldimines: Competing Formation of Hydrobenzylated [60]Fullerenes and 1,2-Dihydrofullerene. European J Org Chem 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201200055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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39
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Chuang SC, Deng JC, Chan FW, Chen SY, Huang WJ, Lai LH, Rajeshkumar V. [3+2] Cycloaddition of Dialkyl (E)-Hex-2-en-4-ynedioates to [60]Fullerene by Phosphane-Promoted Tandem α(δ′)-Michael Additions. European J Org Chem 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201200024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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40
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Huang MY, Chen MJ, Tsai HL, Kuo CH, Ma CJ, Hou MF, Chuang SC, Lin SR, Wang JY. Prospective analysis of KRAS wild-type patients with metastatic colorectal cancer using cetuximab plus FOLFIRI or FOLFOX4 treatment regimens. Genet Mol Res 2011; 10:3002-12. [PMID: 21968808 DOI: 10.4238/2011.october.3.4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Cetuximab, a monoclonal antibody targeting epidermal growth factor receptor, has proven to be efficient in the treatment of metastatic colorectal cancer. We made a prospective study of the efficacy and toxicities of cetuximab-combination first-line (FOLFOX4) versus second/third-line (FOLFIRI) chemotherapy in 98 KRAS wild-type patients who had metastatic colorectal cancer. Wild-type KRAS had been identified by direct sequencing. Associations between clinical response/progression-free survival/overall survival/toxicities and cetuximab-combination chemotherapy timing were evaluated. The overall response rate was significantly higher for first-line treatment than for second/third-line treatment (relative risk = 1.707, 95% confidence interval = 1.121-2.598). Both progression-free survival and overall survival indicated significantly longer survival of first-line treatment than second/third-line treatment patients. This study is a validation of a molecular analysis of KRAS wild-type status for the prediction of response to cetuximab-combination chemotherapy for metastatic colorectal cancer patients; its predictive role was less prominent in the second/third-line than in the first-line treatment patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Y Huang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
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41
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Chen CP, Chen YD, Chuang SC. High-performance and highly durable inverted organic photovoltaics embedding solution-processable vanadium oxides as an interfacial hole-transporting layer. Adv Mater 2011; 23:3859-3863. [PMID: 21786349 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201102142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Inverted OPV devices based on sol-gel derived vanadium oxides (VOx ) as an interfacial layer are demonstrated. The VOx shows excellent characteristics as a hole-transporting and protecting layer. The constructed devices exhibit enhanced performance with the studied polymers and are highly durable under accelerated conditions for long time periods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chih-Ping Chen
- Materials and Chemical Laboratories, Industrial Technology Research Institute, Hsinchu, Taiwan, 31040, R.O.C..
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42
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Deng JC, Chuang SC. Three-Component and Nonclassical Reaction of Phosphines with Enynes and Aldehydes: Formation of γ-Lactones Featuring α-Phosphorus Ylides. Org Lett 2011; 13:2248-51. [DOI: 10.1021/ol200527t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jie-Cheng Deng
- Department of Applied Chemistry, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, Taiwan, ROC 30010
| | - Shih-Ching Chuang
- Department of Applied Chemistry, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, Taiwan, ROC 30010
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43
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Chuang SC, Rajeshkumar V, Cheng CA, Deng JC, Wang GW. Annulation of Benzamides with [60]Fullerene through Palladium(II)-Catalyzed C−H Bond Activation. J Org Chem 2011; 76:1599-604. [DOI: 10.1021/jo102107k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shih-Ching Chuang
- Department of Applied Chemistry, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, Taiwan, ROC 30010
| | | | - Chun-An Cheng
- Department of Applied Chemistry, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, Taiwan, ROC 30010
| | - Jie-Cheng Deng
- Department of Applied Chemistry, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, Taiwan, ROC 30010
| | - Guan-Wu Wang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, P. R. China
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44
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Chen CP, Luo C, Ting C, Chuang SC. Organic photovoltaics incorporating fulleroisoquinolinones as n-type materials. Chem Commun (Camb) 2011; 47:1845-7. [DOI: 10.1039/c0cc04246c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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45
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Chen SY, Cheng RL, Tseng CK, Lin YS, Lai LH, Venkatachalam RK, Chen YC, Cheng CH, Chuang SC. Fullerene Derivatives Incorporating Phosphoramidous Ylide and Phosphoramidate: Synthesis and Property. J Org Chem 2009; 74:4866-9. [DOI: 10.1021/jo8026017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sheng-Yuan Chen
- Department of Applied Chemistry, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, Taiwan, ROC 30010, and Department of Chemistry, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan, ROC 30013
| | - Rai-Long Cheng
- Department of Applied Chemistry, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, Taiwan, ROC 30010, and Department of Chemistry, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan, ROC 30013
| | - Cheng-Kuo Tseng
- Department of Applied Chemistry, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, Taiwan, ROC 30010, and Department of Chemistry, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan, ROC 30013
| | - Ya-Shiuan Lin
- Department of Applied Chemistry, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, Taiwan, ROC 30010, and Department of Chemistry, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan, ROC 30013
| | - Li-Hsiang Lai
- Department of Applied Chemistry, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, Taiwan, ROC 30010, and Department of Chemistry, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan, ROC 30013
| | - Rajesh Kumar Venkatachalam
- Department of Applied Chemistry, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, Taiwan, ROC 30010, and Department of Chemistry, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan, ROC 30013
| | - Yu-Chie Chen
- Department of Applied Chemistry, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, Taiwan, ROC 30010, and Department of Chemistry, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan, ROC 30013
| | - Chien-Hong Cheng
- Department of Applied Chemistry, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, Taiwan, ROC 30010, and Department of Chemistry, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan, ROC 30013
| | - Shih-Ching Chuang
- Department of Applied Chemistry, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, Taiwan, ROC 30010, and Department of Chemistry, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan, ROC 30013
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46
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Turro NJ, Martí AA, Chen JYC, Jockusch S, Lawler RG, Ruzzi M, Sartori E, Chuang SC, Komatsu K, Murata Y. Demonstration of a chemical transformation inside a fullerene. The reversible conversion of the allotropes of H2@C60. J Am Chem Soc 2008; 130:10506-7. [PMID: 18642816 DOI: 10.1021/ja804311c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
The interconversion of the two allotropes of the hydrogen molecule (para-H2 and ortho-H2) incarcerated inside the fullerene C60 is reported (oH2@C60 and pH2@C60, respectively). For conversion, oH2@C60 was adsorbed at the external surface of the zeolite NaY and immersed into liquid oxygen at 77 K. Equilibrium was reached in less than 0.5 h. Rapid removal of oxygen provides a sample of enriched pH2@C60 that is stable for many days in the absence of paramagnetic catalysts (half-life approximately 15 days). Enriched pH2@C60 is nonvolatile and soluble in organic solvents. At room temperature in the presence of a paramagnetic catalyst (dissolved O2 or the nitroxide Tempo) a slow back conversion into oH2@C60 was observed by 1H NMR. A bimolecular rate constant for conversion of pH2@C60 to oH2@C60 using Tempo of kTempo approximately 4 x 10-5 M-1 s-1 was observed, which is approximately 3 orders of magnitudes slower than that for dissolved pH2 in organic solvents which is not protected by the C60 shell.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas J Turro
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, USA.
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47
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Chin KK, Chuang SC, Hernandez B, Campos LM, Selke M, Foote CS, Garcia-Garibay MA. Photophysical properties of non-homoconjugated 1,2-dihydro, 1,2,3,4-tetrahydro and 1,2,3,4,5,6-hexahydro-C60derivatives. Photochem Photobiol Sci 2008; 7:49-55. [DOI: 10.1039/b714076b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Abstract
In the field of open-cage fullerenes, there was a lack of a universal standard that could correlate and quantify the orifice size of open-cage fullerenes. One cannot compare the relative orifice size by simple comparison of the number of atoms that composes the orifice. We present a general term for easy estimation of relative orifice size by defining an index for open-cage fullerenes. We estimated the corresponding effective areas A(area) for orifices of open-cage fullerenes by matching calculated activation energies Ea(calcd) for hydrogen release from open-cage fullerenes (B3LYP/6-31G**//B3LYP/3-21G) to the computed energies required for a hydrogen molecule passing through a cyclo[n]carbon ring. Then we define an index K(orifice) based on experimental hydrogen release rate, where K(orifice) = ln k/k degrees (k is rate constant of hydrogen-release rate of any open-cage fullerenes taken for comparison at 160 degrees C; k degrees is the hydrogen release rate from H2@4a taken as the standard compound). We synthesized several open-cage fullerenes and studied kinetics of a set of H2-encapsulated open-cage fullerenes to evaluate their K values. A correlation of the index K(orifice) with the effective areas A(area) showed a good linear fit (r2 = 0.972) that demonstrated a good interplay between experiment and theory. This allows one to estimate K(orifice) index and/or relative rate k of hydrogen release through computing activation energy Ea(calcd) for a designed open-cage fullerene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shih-Ching Chuang
- Institute for Chemical Research, Kyoto University, Uji, Kyoto 611-0011, Japan
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Sander M, Jarrosson T, Chuang SC, Khan SI, Rubin Y. Approaches to Open Fullerenes: Synthesis and Thermal Stability of cis-1 Bis(isobenzofuran) Diels−Alder Adducts of C60. J Org Chem 2007; 72:2724-31. [PMID: 17367187 DOI: 10.1021/jo061987b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
In a quest to form wider openings within the cage of the fullerene C60 through controlled bond-breaking reactions, we have examined the double saturation of adjacent C=C bonds within a six-membered ring of C60. We have investigated the double Diels-Alder cycloaddition of two tethered isobenzofurans to the fullerene C60. We obtained cis-1 adducts in good yields after reacting the methylene- or quinoxaline-tethered bis(isobenzofuran) precursors 2a-k with parent 3,6-dihydro-1,2,4,5-tetrazine (3b). The X-ray structure of the methylene-tethered bis(isobenzofuran)-C60 adduct 4b has been obtained; four-eclipsed substituents are held rigidly by the bicyclic addends. The cis-1 bis(isobenzofuran) bisadducts 4b and 4e-j are kinetically far more stable toward thermal retro-Diels-Alder fragmentation than are mono(isobenzofuran) adducts of C60, in solution and in the solid state as determined by 1H NMR spectroscopy or thermogravimetric analysis. A methodology for the reversible solubilization of other fullerene derivatives based on this work is also presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Sander
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095-1569, USA
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50
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Chuang SC, Sander M, Jarrosson T, James S, Rozumov E, Khan SI, Rubin Y. Approaches to Open Fullerenes: Synthesis and Kinetic Stability of Diels−Alder Adducts of Substituted Isobenzofurans and C60. J Org Chem 2007; 72:2716-23. [PMID: 17367186 DOI: 10.1021/jo061986j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
We have examined the reactions of 1,3-disubstituted isobenzofurans with the fullerene C60 in the context of an approach to open a large orifice on the fullerene framework. A variety of substituted isobenzofurans (6a-h), generated from the reaction of 1,4-substituted 1,4-epoxynaphthalenes 3a-h with 3,6-bis(2-pyridyl)-1,2,4,5-tetrazine (4a) or 1,2,4,5-tetrazine (4b), were added to C60 to afford the Diels-Alder adducts 7a-h. The thermal stability of these adducts toward retro-Diels-Alder fragmentation differs greatly in solution from that in the solid state. In solution, the relatively facile retro-Diels-Alder fragmentation of monoadducts 7a and 7c, to give C60 and the free isobenzofurans 6a and 6c, have rate constants (and activation barriers) of k=9.29x10(-5) s-1 at 70 degrees C (Ea=32.6 kcal mol-1) and k=1.36x10(-4) s-1 at 40 degrees C (Ea=33.7 kcal mol-1), respectively, indicating that the addition of isobenzofurans to C60 is readily reversible at those temperatures. In the solid state, thermogravimetric analysis of adduct 7a indicates that its decomposition occurs only within the temperature range of 220-300 degrees C. As a result, these compounds can be stored at room temperature in the solid state for several weeks without significant decomposition but have to be handled within several hours in solution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shih-Ching Chuang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095-1569, USA
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