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Haskell A, White BP, Rogers RE, Goebel E, Lopez MG, Syvyk AE, de Oliveira DA, Barreda HA, Benton J, Benavides OR, Dalal S, Bae E, Zhang Y, Maitland K, Nikolov Z, Liu F, Lee RH, Kaunas R, Gregory CA. Scalable manufacture of therapeutic mesenchymal stromal cell products on customizable microcarriers in vertical wheel bioreactors that improve direct visualization, product harvest, and cost. Cytotherapy 2024; 26:372-382. [PMID: 38363250 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcyt.2024.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2023] [Revised: 01/23/2024] [Accepted: 01/27/2024] [Indexed: 02/17/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AIMS Human mesenchymal stromal cells (hMSCs) and their secreted products show great promise for treatment of musculoskeletal injury and inflammatory or immune diseases. However, the path to clinical utilization is hampered by donor-tissue variation and the inability to manufacture clinically relevant yields of cells or their products in a cost-effective manner. Previously we described a method to produce chemically and mechanically customizable gelatin methacryloyl (GelMA) microcarriers for culture of hMSCs. Herein, we demonstrate scalable GelMA microcarrier-mediated expansion of induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC)-derived hMSCs (ihMSCs) in 500 mL and 3L vertical wheel bioreactors, offering several advantages over conventional microcarrier and monolayer-based expansion strategies. METHODS Human mesenchymal stromal cells derived from induced pluripotent cells were cultured on custom-made spherical gelatin methacryloyl microcarriers in single-use vertical wheel bioreactors (PBS Biotech). Cell-laden microcarriers were visualized using confocal microscopy and elastic light scattering methodologies. Cells were assayed for viability and differentiation potential in vitro by standard methods. Osteogenic cell matrix derived from cells was tested in vitro for osteogenic healing using a rodent calvarial defect assay. Immune modulation was assayed with an in vivo peritonitis model using Zymozan A. RESULTS The optical properties of GelMA microcarriers permit noninvasive visualization of cells with elastic light scattering modalities, and harvest of product is streamlined by microcarrier digestion. At volumes above 500 mL, the process is significantly more cost-effective than monolayer culture. Osteogenic cell matrix derived from ihMSCs expanded on GelMA microcarriers exhibited enhanced in vivo bone regenerative capacity when compared to bone morphogenic protein 2, and the ihMSCs exhibited superior immunosuppressive properties in vivo when compared to monolayer-generated ihMSCs. CONCLUSIONS These results indicate that the cell expansion strategy described here represents a superior approach for efficient generation, monitoring and harvest of therapeutic MSCs and their products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew Haskell
- Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, Texas A&M School of Medicine, Bryan, Texas, USA
| | - Berkley P White
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, USA
| | - Robert E Rogers
- Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, Texas A&M School of Medicine, Bryan, Texas, USA
| | - Erin Goebel
- Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, Texas A&M School of Medicine, Bryan, Texas, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, USA
| | - Megan G Lopez
- Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, Texas A&M School of Medicine, Bryan, Texas, USA
| | - Andrew E Syvyk
- National Center for Therapeutics Manufacturing, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, USA
| | - Daniela A de Oliveira
- National Center for Therapeutics Manufacturing, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, USA; Biological and Agricultural Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, USA
| | - Heather A Barreda
- Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, Texas A&M School of Medicine, Bryan, Texas, USA
| | - Joshua Benton
- Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, Texas A&M School of Medicine, Bryan, Texas, USA
| | - Oscar R Benavides
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, USA
| | - Sujata Dalal
- Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, Texas A&M School of Medicine, Bryan, Texas, USA
| | - EunHye Bae
- Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, Texas A&M School of Medicine, Bryan, Texas, USA
| | - Yu Zhang
- Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, Texas A&M School of Medicine, Bryan, Texas, USA
| | - Kristen Maitland
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, USA; Imaging Program, Chan Zuckerberg Initiative, Redwood City, California, USA
| | - Zivko Nikolov
- National Center for Therapeutics Manufacturing, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, USA; Biological and Agricultural Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, USA
| | - Fei Liu
- Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, Texas A&M School of Medicine, Bryan, Texas, USA
| | - Ryang Hwa Lee
- Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, Texas A&M School of Medicine, Bryan, Texas, USA
| | - Roland Kaunas
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, USA.
| | - Carl A Gregory
- Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, Texas A&M School of Medicine, Bryan, Texas, USA.
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