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Wang C, Abbar S, Pan X, Ranabhat S, Cooper R. Diversity and prevalence of nuisance arthropods detected by sticky traps in apartments in New Jersey. J Econ Entomol 2023; 116:1317-1320. [PMID: 37329262 DOI: 10.1093/jee/toad114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2023] [Revised: 05/22/2023] [Accepted: 05/30/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Many nuisance arthropods occur in homes. In this study, nuisance arthropods are defined as any arthropod other than cockroaches and bed bugs. We examined nuisance arthropods found on sticky traps in 1,581 low-income apartments in four cities in New Jersey during 2018-2019 as part of a study for monitoring cockroach infestations. Four sticky traps (three in the kitchen, one in the bathroom) were placed in each apartment for approximately two weeks. Forty two percent of the apartments had nuisance arthropods on sticky traps. The relative abundance of different groups of arthropods were flies-36%, beetles-23%, spiders-14%, ants-10%, booklice-5%, and others-12%. The flies were further grouped into the following subgroups and their relative abundance were fungus gnats-42%, phorid flies-18%, moth flies-17%, fruit flies-10%, midges-8%, and others-5%. Among the beetles, 82% were stored product beetles (including spider beetles). Summer months (May-July) had a much higher frequency of nuisance arthropods occurrence than winter months (November-January). In addition to installing sticky traps, we also conducted interviews with 1,020 residents. Only 13% of the interviewed residents indicated sightings of nuisance arthropods. Resident interviews revealed a much higher relative frequency of sightings for flies (58%), much lower frequency for beetles (4%), and much higher frequency for mosquitoes compared to those captured on sticky traps. We conclude that sticky traps provide much more accurate information on indoor nuisance arthropod abundance and diversity than resident interviews and are a valuable tool for monitoring indoor nuisance arthropods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changlu Wang
- Department of Entomology, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA
| | - Salehe Abbar
- Department of Entomology, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA
| | - Xiaodan Pan
- Department of Entomology, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA
| | - Sabita Ranabhat
- Department of Entomology, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA
| | - Richard Cooper
- Department of Entomology, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA
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Shivaramu S, Parepally SK, Byregowda VY, Pagadala Damodaram KJ, Bhatnagar A, Naga KC, Sharma S, Kumar M, Kempraj V. Estragole, a potential attractant of the winged melon aphid Aphis gossypii. Pest Manag Sci 2023; 79:2365-2371. [PMID: 36797594 DOI: 10.1002/ps.7413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2022] [Revised: 02/02/2023] [Accepted: 02/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Aphids are sap-sucking insect pests of economic importance. They exhibit polyphenism, producing two kinds of morphotypes; winged (alate) and wingless (aptera) morphs. While wingless morphs can be controlled by insecticides, winged morphs are a challenge for targeted control measures as they can fly. Although colored sticky traps are used to control and monitor winged aphids, only a small population is trapped, making sticky traps less effective in controlling aphids. Studies have shown that fragrant oils applied to sticky traps increased attraction of sap-sucking insects like whiteflies and thrips. Here, we tested selected essential oils for their attractiveness to winged Aphis gossypii in potato fields. RESULTS In field assays, selected essential oils with yellow or colorless sticky traps attracted more winged A. gossypii than controls. The combination of yellow traps baited with essential oils attracted ~2-3-fold more winged A. gossypii than did colorless traps baited with essential oils. In a multi-cycle 2 year study, yellow sticky traps baited with basil oil consistently attracted more winged A. gossypii than yellow sticky traps baited with lavender, geranium or tea tree oils. In electrophysiological studies, winged A. gossypii's antennae responded consistently to estragole in basil oil. In olfactometer assays with estragole, winged A. gossypii spent significantly more time in the treatment arm of the olfactometer than in the control arm, validating estragole's attractiveness. Furthermore, yellow sticky traps baited with pure estragole, in potato fields, attracted similar number of winged A. gossypii as yellow sticky traps baited with basil oil. CONCLUSION Our findings demonstrate the potential of using basil oil as a potential attractant to improve the efficacy of sticky traps in the monitoring and control of winged aphids. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Subhash Shivaramu
- Division of Plant Protection, ICAR-Central Potato Research Institute RS, Modipuram, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Saravan Kumar Parepally
- Division of Crop Protection, ICAR-Indian Institute of Horticultural Research, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | | | | | - Anuj Bhatnagar
- Division of Plant Protection, ICAR-Central Potato Research Institute RS, Modipuram, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Kailash Chandra Naga
- Division of Plant Protection, ICAR-Central Potato Research Institute, Shimla, Himachal Pradesh, India
| | - Sanjeev Sharma
- Division of Plant Protection, ICAR-Central Potato Research Institute, Shimla, Himachal Pradesh, India
| | - Manoj Kumar
- Division of Plant Protection, ICAR-Central Potato Research Institute RS, Modipuram, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Vivek Kempraj
- USDA-ARS, Daniel K Inouye Pacific Basin Agricultural Research Center, Hilo, HI, USA
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Díaz MA, Osorio C, Coy-Barrera E, Rodríguez D. Semiochemicals Associated with the Western Flower Thrips Attraction: A Systematic Literature Review and Meta-Analysis. Insects 2023; 14:269. [PMID: 36975954 PMCID: PMC10053797 DOI: 10.3390/insects14030269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2023] [Revised: 03/01/2023] [Accepted: 03/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
The study of the semiochemicals of the western flower thrips (WFT), Frankliniella occidentalis, Pergande (Thysanoptera: Thripidae), is a relevant topic that spans the last two decades. Approximately a hundred articles published on this subject from 2000 to 2022 can be found in academic databases, representing approximately 5% of the research on this important pest. These topics have generated a platform for novel research with a high potential for development. However, to move on to a new research step, an effectiveness evaluation of the compounds discovered so far is necessary. This review conducted a systematic analysis of the research focused on the semiochemicals (kairomones, pheromones, and attractants) for this pest. Papers from the past three decades on WFT attraction to semiochemicals were collected from databases using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) guidelines. The number of individuals attracted to compounds was extracted from the papers and compiled for analysis. With this information, an attraction ratio was calculated. Forty-one possible attractants were found in the literature, with methyl isonicotinate being the most-studied compound so far, with the third-highest attraction ratio. δ-Decalactone was the compound with the highest attraction ratio, but it was one of the least studied. A meta-analysis of the WFT choosing proportion was performed for the compounds with more trials found in the literature. The predicted mean choice percentages for methyl isonicotinate (MIN) and Lurem-TR, the MIN's commercial product, were 76.6% and 66.6%, respectively. There was a convergence among the analyzed studies showing a high degree of research focus on the same group of nitrogen-containing compounds (mainly the pyridine structure). These findings call for future research to diversify the discovery and evaluation of attractive compounds in this relevant study area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco A. Díaz
- Biological Control Laboratory, Facultad de Ciencias Básicas y Aplicadas, Universidad Militar Nueva Granada, Cajicá 250247, Colombia
| | - Coralia Osorio
- Departamento de Química, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogotá 14490, Colombia
| | - Ericsson Coy-Barrera
- Bioorganic Chemistry Laboratory, Facultad de Ciencias Básicas y Aplicadas, Universidad Militar Nueva Granada, Cajicá 250247, Colombia
| | - Daniel Rodríguez
- Biological Control Laboratory, Facultad de Ciencias Básicas y Aplicadas, Universidad Militar Nueva Granada, Cajicá 250247, Colombia
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Marullo R, Mercati F, Vono G. DNA Barcoding: A Reliable Method for the Identification of Thrips Species (Thysanoptera, Thripidae) Collected on Sticky Traps in Onion Fields. Insects 2020; 11:insects11080489. [PMID: 32752172 PMCID: PMC7469196 DOI: 10.3390/insects11080489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2020] [Revised: 07/29/2020] [Accepted: 07/30/2020] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Simple Summary Thrips species (Insecta, Thysanoptera) identification using traditional approach is not an easy. In the present study, DNA barcoding was used to support the thrips species characterization of a wide collection sampled in onion fields. Our findings confirmed the selected method as a simple and accurate approach identifying major thrips species, characterizing successfully nearly 86% of the samples collected in nine main species. The results here reported underlined the role of genetic markers as a valuable and useful method for species identification, especially when the morphological approach is unsure or even impossible. Abstract Several thrips species (Insecta, Thysanoptera) are globally known as important crop pests and vectors of viral diseases, but their identification is difficult because of their small body size and inconspicuous morphological differences. Sequencing variation in the mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase I (COI) region has been proven to be useful for the identification of species of many groups of insect pests. Here, DNA barcoding has been used to identify thrips species collected with the use of sticky traps placed in an open onion field. A total of 238 thrips specimens were analyzed, 151 of which could be identified to species and 27 to genera belonging to the family Thripidae. Fifty-one specimens could not be assigned to any genus, with the closest BLAST match in the GenBank queries being below 98%, whilst six specimens were not recognized as Thysanoptera. The results indicate that, although there are a few pest thrips species not yet barcoded, most of the species that may cause damage to crops in Europe are represented in GenBank and other databases, enabling correct identification. Additionally, DNA barcoding can be considered a valuable alternative to the classic morphology method for identification of major thrips species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rita Marullo
- Department of Agriculture, Mediterranean University of Reggio Calabria, Località Feo Di Vito, 89060 Reggio Calabria, Italy;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-0965-1694255
| | - Francesco Mercati
- Institute of Biosciences and Bioresources, National Research Council, 90129 Palermo, Italy;
| | - Gregorio Vono
- Department of Agriculture, Mediterranean University of Reggio Calabria, Località Feo Di Vito, 89060 Reggio Calabria, Italy;
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Cavallaro MC, Risley E, Lockburner P. Evaluation of Partially Submerged Sticky Traps On Lake Spillways For Adult Black Fly (Diptera: Simuliidae) Surveillance and Arbovirus Detection. J Am Mosq Control Assoc 2018; 34:306-310. [PMID: 31442146 DOI: 10.2987/18-6792.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Sentinel surveillance systems demonstrate an improved ability to supplement monitoring data and anticipate arbovirus outbreaks (i.e., sentinel avian species). Management complications can arise during unpredictable or unseasonal disease detections, especially in rural areas where resident distribution is patchy. Using spillways near residential lake communities as static surveillance locations, we tested a novel partially submerged sticky trapping technique and screened wild populations of adult female black flies (Diptera: Simuliidae) for West Nile virus (WNV) and eastern equine encephalitis virus (EEEV). Trap site selection criteria considered the density of immature black fly colonization on spillway surfaces and the number of positive detections of arboviral targets in nearby Culex mosquito populations. On average (±standard error), sticky traps captured 134 (±33) adult black flies over a 24-h period, with 1 trap capturing as many as 735 individuals. Although we detected positive cases of WNV from 20 Culex mosquito trapping sites within 16 km (approx. flight radius) of the selected lake spillways, mixed pools of adult female Simulium vittatum complex and Simulium decorum were all negative for both arboviruses. This study yielded an application for partially submerged sticky traps to collect adult female black flies. Its potential uses for monitoring the infection rates of more well-documented Simulium parasites are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Eric Risley
- Sussex County Mosquito Control, 150 Morris Turnpike, Newton, NJ 07860
| | - Paige Lockburner
- Sussex County Mosquito Control, 150 Morris Turnpike, Newton, NJ 07860
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Halada P, Hlavackova K, Risueño J, Berriatua E, Volf P, Dvorak V. Effect of trapping method on species identification of phlebotomine sandflies by MALDI-TOF MS protein profiling. Med Vet Entomol 2018; 32:388-392. [PMID: 29774958 DOI: 10.1111/mve.12305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2018] [Revised: 03/19/2018] [Accepted: 04/15/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Sandflies (Diptera: Psychodidae) (Newstead, 1911) are blood-feeding insects that transmit human pathogens including Leishmania (Trypanosomatida: Trypanosomatidae) parasites, causative agents of the leishmaniases. To elucidate Leishmania transmission cycles, conclusive identification of vector species is essential. Molecular approaches including matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) protein profiling have recently emerged to complement morphological identification. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of the trap type used to collect sandflies, specifically Centers for Disease Control (CDC) light or sticky traps, the two most commonly used in sandfly surveys, on subsequent MALDI-TOF MS protein profiling. Specimens of five species (Phlebotomus ariasi, Phlebotomus papatasi, Phlebotomus perniciosus, Phlebotomus sergenti, Sergentomyia minuta) collected in periurban and agricultural habitats in southeast Spain were subjected to protein profiling. Acquired protein spectra were queried against an in-house reference database and their quality assessed to evaluate the trap type effect. The results indicate that trap choice can substantially affect the quality of protein spectra in collected sandflies. Whereas specimens retrieved from light traps produced intense and reproducible spectra that allowed reliable species determination, profiles of specimens from sticky traps were compromised and often did not enable correct identification. Sticky traps should therefore not be used in surveys that deploy MALDI-TOF MS protein profiling for species identification.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Halada
- Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - K Hlavackova
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - J Risueño
- Department of Animal Health, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Regional Campus of International Excellence 'Campus Mare Nostrum', University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain
| | - E Berriatua
- Department of Animal Health, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Regional Campus of International Excellence 'Campus Mare Nostrum', University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain
| | - P Volf
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - V Dvorak
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
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Roslan MA, Ngui R, Vythilingam I, Sulaiman WYW. Evaluation of sticky traps for adult Aedes mosquitoes in Malaysia: a potential monitoring and surveillance tool for the efficacy of control strategies. J Vector Ecol 2017; 42:298-307. [PMID: 29125255 DOI: 10.1111/jvec.12270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2017] [Accepted: 07/31/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The present study compared the performance of sticky traps in order to identify the most effective and practical trap for capturing Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus mosquitoes. Three phases were conducted in the study, with Phase 1 evaluating the five prototypes (Models A, B, C, D, and E) of sticky trap release-and-recapture using two groups of mosquito release numbers (five and 50) that were released in each replicate. Similarly, Phase 2 compared the performance between Model E and the classical ovitrap that had been modified (sticky ovitrap), using five and 50 mosquito release numbers. Further assessment of both traps was carried out in Phase 3, in which both traps were installed in nine sampling grids. Results from Phase 1 showed that Model E was the trap that recaptured higher numbers of mosquitoes when compared to Models A, B, C, and D. Further assessment between Model E and the modified sticky ovitrap (known as Model F) found that Model F outperformed Model E in both Phases 2 and 3. Thus, Model F was selected as the most effective and practical sticky trap, which could serve as an alternative tool for monitoring and controlling dengue vectors in Malaysia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Aidil Roslan
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Romano Ngui
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Indra Vythilingam
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Wan Yusoff Wan Sulaiman
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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Beresford DV, Sutcliffe JF. Evidence for Sticky-Trap Avoidance by Stable Fly, Stomoxys calcitrans (Diptera: Muscidae), in Response to Trapped Flies. J Am Mosq Control Assoc 2017; 33:250-252. [PMID: 28854114 DOI: 10.2987/17-6651r.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Populations of stable flies, Stomoxys calcitrans, and other filth flies are often sampled using sticky traps. We wanted to know whether flies already caught on sticky traps might inhibit to some extent subsequent flies from being caught. To test this, we recorded the number of stable flies landing on white plastic corrugated panels (Coroplast®), which were prepared according to 4 treatments: 12 live stable flies glued to the surface, 12 live house flies (Musca domestica) glued to the surface, 12 black dots, and no treatment. From 160 observations, we found that fewer stable flies landed on panels with either attached stable flies (129) or house flies (133) compared with the number landing on panels with black dots (259) and/or with no treatment (210). This apparent inhibitory effect of trapped flies may explain published trap-catch patterns from field studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- D V Beresford
- Trent University Biology Department, 1600 West Bank Drive, Peterborough, Ontario K9J 7B8 Canada
| | - J F Sutcliffe
- Trent University Biology Department, 1600 West Bank Drive, Peterborough, Ontario K9J 7B8 Canada
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Rodríguez-Rojas JJ, Arque-Chunga W, Fernández-Salas I, Rebollar-Téllez EA. Comparative Field Evaluation of Different Traps for Collecting Adult Phlebotomine Sand Flies (Diptera: Psychodidae) in an Endemic Area of Cutaneous Leishmaniasis in Quintana Roo, Mexico. J Am Mosq Control Assoc 2016; 32:103-116. [PMID: 27280348 DOI: 10.2987/moco-32-02-103-116.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Phlebotominae are the vectors of Leishmania parasites. It is important to have available surveillance and collection methods for the sand fly vectors. The objectives of the present study were to evaluate and compare traps for the collection of sand fly species and to analyze trap catches along months and transects. Field evaluations over a year were conducted in an endemic area of leishmaniasis in the state of Quintana Roo, Mexico. A randomized-block design was implemented in study area with tropical rainforest vegetation. The study design utilized 4 transects with 11 trap types: 1) Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) light trap with incandescent bulb (CDC-I), 2) CDC light trap with blue light-emitting diodes (LEDs) (CDC-B), 3) CDC light trap with white LEDs (CDC-W), 4) CDC light trap with red LEDs (CDC-R), 5) CDC light trap with green LEDs (CDC-G), 6) Disney trap, 7) Disney trap with white LEDs, 8) sticky panels, 9) sticky panels with white LEDs, 10) delta-like trap, and 11) delta-like trap with white LEDs. A total of 1,014 specimens of 13 species and 2 genera (Lutzomyia and Brumptomyia) were collected. There were significant differences in the mean number of sand flies caught with the 11 traps; CDC-I was (P = 0.0000) more effective than the other traps. Other traps exhibited the following results: CDC-W (17.46%), CDC-B (15.68%), CDC-G (14.89%), and CDC-R (14.30%). The relative abundance of different species varied according to trap types used, and the CDC-I trap attracted more specimens of the known vectors of Leishmania spp., such as like Lutzomyia cruciata, Lu. shannoni, and Lu. ovallesi. Disney trap captured more specimens of Lu. olmeca olmeca. Based on abundance and number of species, CDC light traps and Disney traps appeared to be good candidates for use in vector surveillance programs in this endemic area of Mexico.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorge J Rodríguez-Rojas
- 1 Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Departamento de Zoología de Invertebrados, Laboratorio de Entomología Médica, Avenida Universidad s/n, Cd. Universitaria, CP 66451, San Nicolás de los Garza, Nuevo León, México
| | - Wilfredo Arque-Chunga
- 1 Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Departamento de Zoología de Invertebrados, Laboratorio de Entomología Médica, Avenida Universidad s/n, Cd. Universitaria, CP 66451, San Nicolás de los Garza, Nuevo León, México
| | - Ildefonso Fernández-Salas
- 1 Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Departamento de Zoología de Invertebrados, Laboratorio de Entomología Médica, Avenida Universidad s/n, Cd. Universitaria, CP 66451, San Nicolás de los Garza, Nuevo León, México
- 2 Instituto Nacional de Salud Pública (INSP), Centro Regional de Investigación en Salud Pública (CRISP), Calle 4a Avenida Norte, Centro, CP 30700, Tapachula de Córdova y Ordoñez, Chiapas, México
| | - Eduardo A Rebollar-Téllez
- 1 Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Departamento de Zoología de Invertebrados, Laboratorio de Entomología Médica, Avenida Universidad s/n, Cd. Universitaria, CP 66451, San Nicolás de los Garza, Nuevo León, México
- 3 Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Centro de Investigación en Ciencias de la Salud (CIDICS), Avenida Carlos Canseco s/n, Mitras Centro, CP 64460, Monterrey, Nuevo León, México
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Ose GA, Hogsette JA. Spatial distribution, seasonality and trap preference of stable fly, Stomoxys calcitrans L. (Diptera: Muscidae), adults on a 12-hectare zoological park. Zoo Biol 2014; 33:228-33. [PMID: 24740859 PMCID: PMC4258089 DOI: 10.1002/zoo.21126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2013] [Accepted: 03/14/2014] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Although this study was originally designed to compare the efficacy of two different stable fly traps within 10 sites at a 12-ha zoological park, seasonal and spatial population distribution data were simultaneously collected. The two traps included an Alsynite fiberglass cylindrical trap (AFT) and a blue-black cloth target modified into a cylindrical trap (BCT). Both traps were covered with sticky sleeves to retain the attracted flies. Paired trap types were placed at sites that were 20–100 m apart. Distance between trap pairs within sites ranged from 1 to 2 m, and was limited by exhibit design and geography. Both trap types reflect/refract ultraviolet (UV) light which attracts adult S. calcitrans. During this 15-week study, AFTs captured significantly more stable flies than the BCTs at 8 of the 10 sites. Of the 12,557 stable flies found on the traps, 80% and 20% were captured by AFTs and BCTs, respectively. The most attractive trap site at the zoo was at the goat exhibit where most stable flies were consistently captured throughout the study. This exhibit was 100 m from the other exhibits, next to a small lake, and adjacent to a field containing pastured exotic ungulates, rhea and ostrich. Stable fly populations peaked in early June then slowly decreased as the last trapping date approached. We believe this to be the first seasonality data collected at a zoological park. Results demonstrate the use of urban zoos by stable flies and the need to develop environmentally friendly stable fly management systems for zoos. Zoo Biol. 33:228–233, 2014. Published 2014. This article is a U.S. Government work and is in the public domain in the USA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gregory A Ose
- Department of Entomology, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska; Center for Animal Care Sciences, Smithsonian National Zoological Park, Washington, District of Columbia
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González MA, López S, Goldarazena A. New record of the biting midge Leptoconops noei in northern Spain: notes on its seasonal abundance and flying height preference. J Insect Sci 2013; 13:45. [PMID: 23909239 PMCID: PMC3740921 DOI: 10.1673/031.013.4501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2012] [Accepted: 09/28/2012] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
During the summers of 2004-2006, harmful outbreaks of Leptoconops noei Clastrier and Coluzzi (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae) occurred in a small region in the southern part of Alava (Basque Country, Spain). Two types of traps were placed for monitoring L. noei: CDC traps baited with dry ice in eight different locations and sticky traps at three different heights (two, four, and six meters). A total of 1,823 adults were captured with dry ice traps and 163 specimens with sticky papers. Dry-baited collections occurred between June and August in two of the eight samplings places. Significant differences were observed concerning the vertical distribution of L. noei. The most specimens were captured at a height of two meters. A specific area near the riverside composed of sandy matter was described as the main developmental site for L. noei. This is the first record of L. noei in Spain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mikel A. González
- NEIKER-TECNALIA, Basque Institute of Agricultural Research and Development, Entomology and Virology Laboratory, 46 01080, Vitoria, Spain
| | - Sergio López
- NEIKER-TECNALIA, Basque Institute of Agricultural Research and Development, Entomology and Virology Laboratory, 46 01080, Vitoria, Spain
| | - Arturo Goldarazena
- NEIKER-TECNALIA, Basque Institute of Agricultural Research and Development, Entomology and Virology Laboratory, 46 01080, Vitoria, Spain
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