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Cunha Neto EMDA, Veras HFP, Moura MM, Berti AL, Sanquetta CR, Pelissari AL, Corte APD. Combining ALS and UAV to derive the height of \textit{Araucaria angustifolia. AN ACAD BRAS CIENC 2023; 95:e20201503. [PMID: 37222358 DOI: 10.1590/0001-3765202320201503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2020] [Accepted: 04/17/2022] [Indexed: 05/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Quantitative data obtained from native forests is costly and time-consuming. Thus, alternative measurement methods need to be developed to provide reliable information, especially in Atlantic Rain Forests. In this study we evaluated the hypothesis that the combination of an Airborne Laser Scanner (ALS) and an Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) can provide accurate quantitative information on tree height, volume, and aboveground biomass of the Araucaria angustifolia species. The study was carried out in Atlantic Rain forest fragments in southern Brazil. We tested and evaluated 3 digital canopy height model (CHM) scenarios: 1) CHM derived from ALS models; 2) CHM derived from UAV models; and 3) CHM from a combined ALS digital terrain model and UAV digital surface model. The height value at each tree coordinate was extracted from the pixel in the three evaluated scenarios and compared with the field measured values. ALS and UAV+ALS obtained RMSE% of 6.38 and 12.82 for height estimates, while UAV was 49.91%. Volume and aboveground biomass predictions are more accurate by ALS and UAV+ALS, while the UAV produced biased estimates. Since the ALS is currently used, periodic monitoring can be carried out by a combination of active (ALS) and passive (UAV) sensors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ernandes M DA Cunha Neto
- Departamento de Engenharia Florestal, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Av. Prefeito Lothário Meissner, 632, Jardim Botânico, 80210-170 Curitiba, PR" Brazil
| | - Hudson F P Veras
- Departamento de Engenharia Florestal, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Av. Prefeito Lothário Meissner, 632, Jardim Botânico, 80210-170 Curitiba, PR" Brazil
| | - Marks M Moura
- Departamento de Engenharia Florestal, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Av. Prefeito Lothário Meissner, 632, Jardim Botânico, 80210-170 Curitiba, PR" Brazil
| | - André L Berti
- Departamento de Engenharia Florestal, Universidade Federal Tecnológica do Paraná, Estr. p/ Boa Esperança, km 04 - Zona Rural, 85660-000 Dois Vizinhos, PR, Brazil
| | - Carlos R Sanquetta
- Departamento de Engenharia Florestal, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Av. Prefeito Lothário Meissner, 632, Jardim Botânico, 80210-170 Curitiba, PR" Brazil
| | - Allan L Pelissari
- Departamento de Engenharia Florestal, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Av. Prefeito Lothário Meissner, 632, Jardim Botânico, 80210-170 Curitiba, PR" Brazil
| | - Ana Paula D Corte
- Departamento de Engenharia Florestal, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Av. Prefeito Lothário Meissner, 632, Jardim Botânico, 80210-170 Curitiba, PR" Brazil
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Koyama A, Hirata T, Kawahara Y, Iyooka H, Kubozono H, Onikura N, Itaya S, Minagawa T. Habitat suitability maps for juvenile tri-spine horseshoe crabs in Japanese intertidal zones: A model approach using unmanned aerial vehicles and the Structure from Motion technique. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0244494. [PMID: 33362230 PMCID: PMC7757885 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0244494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2020] [Accepted: 12/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The tri-spine horseshoe crab, Tachypleus tridentatus, is a threatened species that inhabits coastal areas from South to East Asia. A Conservation management system is urgently required for managing its nursery habitats, i.e., intertidal flats, especially in Japan. Habitat suitability maps are useful in drafting conservation plans; however, they have rarely been prepared for juvenile T. tridentatus. In this study, we examined the possibility of constructing robust habitat suitability models (HSMs) for juveniles based on topographical data acquired using unmanned aerial vehicles and the Structure from Motion (UAV-SfM) technique. The distribution data of the juveniles in the Tsuyazaki and Imazu intertidal flats from 2017 to 2019 were determined. The data were divided into a training dataset for HSM construction and three test datasets for model evaluation. High accuracy digital surface models were built for each region using the UAV-SfM technique. Normalized elevation was assessed by converting the topographical models that consider the tidal range in each region, and the slope was calculated based on these models. Using the training data, HSMs of the juveniles were constructed with normalized elevation and slope as the predictor variables. The HSMs were evaluated using the test data. The results showed that HSMs exhibited acceptable discrimination performance for each region. Habitat suitability maps were built for the juveniles in each region, and the suitable areas were estimated to be approximately 6.1 ha of the total 19.5 ha in Tuyazaki, and 3.7 ha of the total 7.9 ha area in Imazu. In conclusion, our findings support the usefulness of the UAV-SfM technique in constructing HSMs for juvenile T. tridentatus. The monitoring of suitable habitat areas for the juveniles using the UAV-SfM technique is expected to reduce survey costs, as it can be conducted with fewer investigators over vast intertidal zones within a short period of time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akihiko Koyama
- Faculty of Advanced Science and Technology, Kumamoto University, Kurokami, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto, Japan
- * E-mail:
| | - Taiga Hirata
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Kumamoto University, Kurokami, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Yuki Kawahara
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Kumamoto University, Kurokami, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Hiroki Iyooka
- Department of Civil Engineering, Fukuoka University, Nanakuma, Jonan-ku, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Haruka Kubozono
- The 21st Century Program, Kyushu University, Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Norio Onikura
- Fishery Research Laboratory, Kyushu University, Tsuyazaki, Fukutsu, Japan
| | - Shinji Itaya
- Tsuyazaki Seaside Nature School, Tsuyazaki, Fukutsu, Japan
| | - Tomoko Minagawa
- Faculty of Advanced Science and Technology, Kumamoto University, Kurokami, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto, Japan
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Rothermel ER, Balazik MT, Best JE, Breece MW, Fox DA, Gahagan BI, Haulsee DE, Higgs AL, O’Brien MHP, Oliver MJ, Park IA, Secor DH. Comparative migration ecology of striped bass and Atlantic sturgeon in the US Southern mid-Atlantic bight flyway. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0234442. [PMID: 32555585 PMCID: PMC7299546 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0234442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2020] [Accepted: 05/25/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Seasonal migrations are key to the production and persistence of marine fish
populations but movements within shelf migration corridors or, “flyways”, are
poorly known. Atlantic sturgeon and striped bass, two critical anadromous
species, are known for their extensive migrations along the US Mid-Atlantic
Bight. Seasonal patterns of habitat selection have been described within
spawning rivers, estuaries,and shelf foraging habitats, but information on the
location and timing of key coastal migrations is limited. Using a gradient-based
array of acoustic telemetry receivers, we compared the seasonal incidence and
movement behavior of these species in the near-shelf region of Maryland, USA.
Atlantic sturgeon incidence was highest in the spring and fall and tended to be
biased toward shallow regions, while striped bass had increased presence during
spring and winter months and selected deeper waters. Incidence was transient
(mean = ~2 d) for both species with a pattern of increased residency (>2 d)
during autumn and winter, particularly for striped bass, with many individuals
exhibiting prolonged presence on the outer shelf during winter. Flyways also
differed spatially between northern and southern migrations for both species and
were related to temperature: striped bass were more likely to occur in cool
conditions while Atlantic sturgeon preferred warmer temperatures. Observed
timing and spatial distribution within the Mid-Atlantic flyway were dynamic
between years and sensitive to climate variables. As shelf ecosystems come under
increasing maritime development, gridded telemetry designs represent a feasible
approach to provide impact responses within key marine flyways like those that
occur within the US Mid-Atlantic Bight.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ella R. Rothermel
- Chesapeake Biological Laboratory, University of Maryland Center for
Environmental Science, Solomons, Maryland, United States of
America
- * E-mail:
| | - Matthew T. Balazik
- Environmental Lab, USACE Engineer Research and Development Center,
Vicksburg, Mississippi, United States of America
- Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, United States of
America
| | - Jessica E. Best
- Department of Natural Resources, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York,
United States of America
- Division of Marine Resources, New York State Department of Environmental
Conservation, New Paltz, New York, United States of America
| | - Matthew W. Breece
- College of Earth, Ocean and the Environment, University of Delaware,
Lewes, Delaware, United States of America
| | - Dewayne A. Fox
- College of Agriculture, Science, and Technology, Delaware State
University, Dover, Delaware, United States of America
| | - Benjamin I. Gahagan
- Massachusetts Division of Marine Fisheries, Gloucester, Massachusetts,
United States of America
| | - Danielle E. Haulsee
- Stanford University, Hopkins Marine Station, Pacific Grove, California,
United States of America
| | - Amanda L. Higgs
- Department of Natural Resources, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York,
United States of America
- Division of Marine Resources, New York State Department of Environmental
Conservation, New Paltz, New York, United States of America
| | - Michael H. P. O’Brien
- Chesapeake Biological Laboratory, University of Maryland Center for
Environmental Science, Solomons, Maryland, United States of
America
| | - Matthew J. Oliver
- College of Earth, Ocean and the Environment, University of Delaware,
Lewes, Delaware, United States of America
| | - Ian A. Park
- Delaware Division of Fish & Wildlife, Smyrna, Delaware, United States
of America
| | - David H. Secor
- Chesapeake Biological Laboratory, University of Maryland Center for
Environmental Science, Solomons, Maryland, United States of
America
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Abstract
In the Southern Ocean, large-scale phytoplankton blooms occur in open water and the sea-ice zone (SIZ). These blooms have a range of fates including physical advection, downward carbon export, or grazing. Here, we determine the magnitude, timing and spatial trends of the biogeochemical (export) and ecological (foodwebs) fates of phytoplankton, based on seven BGC-Argo floats spanning three years across the SIZ. We calculate loss terms using the production of chlorophyll-based on nitrate depletion-compared with measured chlorophyll. Export losses are estimated using conspicuous chlorophyll pulses at depth. By subtracting export losses, we calculate grazing-mediated losses. Herbivory accounts for ~90% of the annually-averaged losses (169 mg C m-2 d-1), and phytodetritus POC export comprises ~10%. Furthermore, export and grazing losses each exhibit distinctive seasonality captured by all floats spanning 60°S to 69°S. These similar trends reveal widespread patterns in phytoplankton fate throughout the Southern Ocean SIZ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sébastien Moreau
- Norwegian Polar Institute, Fram Centre, PO Box 6606 Langnes, NO-9296, Tromsø, Norway.
- Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS, 7001, Australia.
| | - Philip W Boyd
- Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS, 7001, Australia
| | - Peter G Strutton
- Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS, 7001, Australia
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Climate Extremes, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS, 7001, Australia
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5
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García-Gómez JC, González AR, Maestre MJ, Espinosa F. Detect coastal disturbances and climate change effects in coralligenous community through sentinel stations. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0231641. [PMID: 32369490 PMCID: PMC7200002 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0231641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2019] [Accepted: 03/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
This study was implemented to assess the Sessile Bioindicators in Permanent Quadrats (SBPQ) underwater environmental alert method. The SBPQ is a non-invasive and low-cost protocol; it uses sessile target species (indicators) to detect environmental alterations (natural or anthropic) at either the local or global (i.e., climate change) scale and the intrusion of invasive species. The SBPQ focuses on the monitoring of preselected sessile and sensitive benthic species associated with rocky coralligenous habitats using permanent quadrats in underwater sentinel stations. The selected target species have been well documented as bioindicators that disappear in the absence of environmental stability. However, whether these species are good indicators of stability or, in contrast, suffer variations in long-term coverage has not been verified. The purpose of this study was to assess the part of the method based on the hypothesis that, over a long temporal series in a highly structured and biodiverse coralligenous assemblage, the cover of sensitive sessile species does not change over time if the environmental stability characterising the habitat is not altered. Over a ten-year period (2005–2014), the sublittoral sessile biota in the Straits of Gibraltar Natural Park on the southern Iberian Peninsula was monitored at a 28 m-deep underwater sentinel stations. Analyses of the coverages of target indicator species (i.e., Paramuricea clavata and Astroides calycularis) together with other accompanying sessile organisms based on the periodic superimposition of gridded images from horizontal and vertical rocky surfaces allowed us to assess the effectiveness of the method. We conclude that no alterations occurred during the study period; only minimal fluctuations in cover were detected, and the method is reliable for detecting biological changes in ecosystems found in other geographical areas containing the chosen indicator species at similar dominance levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- José C. García-Gómez
- Laboratorio de Biología Marina de la Universidad de Sevilla (LBMUS)/Área de Investigación I+D+i del Acuario de Sevilla/Estación de Biología Marina del Estrecho (Ceuta), Seville, Spain
- * E-mail:
| | - Alexandre R. González
- Laboratorio de Biología Marina de la Universidad de Sevilla (LBMUS)/Área de Investigación I+D+i del Acuario de Sevilla/Estación de Biología Marina del Estrecho (Ceuta), Seville, Spain
| | - Manuel J. Maestre
- Laboratorio de Biología Marina de la Universidad de Sevilla (LBMUS)/Área de Investigación I+D+i del Acuario de Sevilla/Estación de Biología Marina del Estrecho (Ceuta), Seville, Spain
| | - Free Espinosa
- Laboratorio de Biología Marina de la Universidad de Sevilla (LBMUS)/Área de Investigación I+D+i del Acuario de Sevilla/Estación de Biología Marina del Estrecho (Ceuta), Seville, Spain
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Krehenwinkel H, Pomerantz A, Prost S. Genetic Biomonitoring and Biodiversity Assessment Using Portable Sequencing Technologies: Current Uses and Future Directions. Genes (Basel) 2019; 10:E858. [PMID: 31671909 PMCID: PMC6895800 DOI: 10.3390/genes10110858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2019] [Revised: 10/18/2019] [Accepted: 10/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
We live in an era of unprecedented biodiversity loss, affecting the taxonomic composition of ecosystems worldwide. The immense task of quantifying human imprints on global ecosystems has been greatly simplified by developments in high-throughput DNA sequencing technology (HTS). Approaches like DNA metabarcoding enable the study of biological communities at unparalleled detail. However, current protocols for HTS-based biodiversity exploration have several drawbacks. They are usually based on short sequences, with limited taxonomic and phylogenetic information content. Access to expensive HTS technology is often restricted in developing countries. Ecosystems of particular conservation priority are often remote and hard to access, requiring extensive time from field collection to laboratory processing of specimens. The advent of inexpensive mobile laboratory and DNA sequencing technologies show great promise to facilitate monitoring projects in biodiversity hot-spots around the world. Recent attention has been given to portable DNA sequencing studies related to infectious organisms, such as bacteria and viruses, yet relatively few studies have focused on applying these tools to Eukaryotes, such as plants and animals. Here, we outline the current state of genetic biodiversity monitoring of higher Eukaryotes using Oxford Nanopore Technology's MinION portable sequencing platform, as well as summarize areas of recent development.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Aaron Pomerantz
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA-94720, USA.
- Marine Biology Laboratory, Woods Hole, MA-02543, USA.
| | - Stefan Prost
- LOEWE-Centre for Translational Biodiversity Genomics, Senckenberg Museum, 60325 Frankfurt, Germany.
- South African National Biodiversity Institute, National Zoological Garden, Pretoria 0002, South Africa.
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Cheng K, Cheng X, Wang Y, Bi H, Benfield MC. Enhanced convolutional neural network for plankton identification and enumeration. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0219570. [PMID: 31291356 PMCID: PMC6619811 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0219570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2019] [Accepted: 06/26/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite the rapid increase in the number and applications of plankton imaging systems in marine science, processing large numbers of images remains a major challenge due to large variations in image content and quality in different marine environments. We constructed an automatic plankton image recognition and enumeration system using an enhanced Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) and examined the performance of different network structures on automatic plankton image classification. The procedure started with an adaptive thresholding approach to extract Region of Interest (ROIs) from in situ plankton images, followed by a procedure to suppress the background noise and enhance target features for each extracted ROI. The enhanced ROIs were classified into seven categories by a pre-trained classifier which was a combination of a CNN and a Support Vector Machine (SVM). The CNN was selected to improve feature description and the SVM was utilized to improve classification accuracy. A series of comparison experiments were then conducted to test the effectiveness of the pre-trained classifier including the combination of CNN and SVM versus CNN alone, and the performance of different CNN models. Compared to CNN model alone, the combination of CNN and SVM increased classification accuracy and recall rate by 7.13% and 6.41%, respectively. Among the selected CNN models, the ResNet50 performed the best with accuracy and recall at 94.52% and 94.13% respectively. The present study demonstrates that deep learning technique can improve plankton image recognition and that the results can provide useful information on the selection of different CNN models for plankton recognition. The proposed algorithm could be generally applied to images acquired from different imaging systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaichang Cheng
- Graduate School at Shenzhen, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, P.R. China
| | - Xuemin Cheng
- Graduate School at Shenzhen, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, P.R. China
- * E-mail: (XC); (HB)
| | - Yuqi Wang
- Graduate School at Shenzhen, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, P.R. China
| | - Hongsheng Bi
- Chesapeake Biological Laboratory, University of Maryland Center for Environmental Science, Solomons, Maryland, United States of America
- * E-mail: (XC); (HB)
| | - Mark C. Benfield
- Department of Oceanography and Coastal Sciences, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, United States of America
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Bandivadekar RR, Pandit PS, Sollmann R, Thomas MJ, Logan SM, Brown JC, Klimley AP, Tell LA. Use of RFID technology to characterize feeder visitations and contact network of hummingbirds in urban habitats. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0208057. [PMID: 30540787 PMCID: PMC6291107 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0208057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2018] [Accepted: 11/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite the popular use of hummingbird feeders, there are limited studies evaluating the effects of congregation, sharing food resources and increased contact when hummingbirds visit feeders in urban landscapes. To evaluate behavioral interactions occurring at feeders, we tagged 230 individuals of two species, Anna's and Allen's Hummingbirds, with passive integrated transponder tags and recorded their visits with RFID transceivers at feeders. For detecting the presence of tagged birds, we developed an RFID equipped feeding station using a commercially available antenna and RFID transceiver. Data recorded included the number of feeder visits, time spent at the feeder, simultaneous feeder visitation by different individuals, and identifying which feeders were most commonly visited by tagged birds. For the study period (September 2016 to March 2018), 118,017 detections were recorded at seven feeding stations located at three California sites. The rate of tagged birds returning to RFID equipped feeders at least once was 61.3% (141/230 birds). Females stayed at feeders longer than males per visit. We identified primary, secondary and tertiary feeders at Sites 2 and 3, according to the frequency of visitation to them, with a mean percentage of 86.9% (SD±19.13) visits to a primary feeder for each tagged hummingbird. During spring and summer, hummingbirds visited feeders most often in morning and evening hours. Feeder visits by males overlapped in time with other males more frequently than other females. The analysis of the contact network at the feeders did not distinguish any significant differences between age or sex. Although most hummingbirds visited the feeders during the daytime, our system recorded night feeder visitations (n = 7 hummingbirds) at one site. This efficient use of RFID technology to characterize feeder visitations and contact networks of hummingbirds in urban habitats could be used in the future to elucidate behaviors, population dynamics and community structure of hummingbirds visiting feeders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruta R. Bandivadekar
- Department of Medicine and Epidemiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California Davis, Davis, California, United States of America
| | - Pranav S. Pandit
- EpiCenter for Disease Dynamics One Health Institute, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California Davis, Davis, California, United States of America
| | - Rahel Sollmann
- Department of Wildlife Fish and Conservation Biology, University of California Davis, Davis, California, United States of America
| | - Michael J. Thomas
- Department of Wildlife Fish and Conservation Biology, University of California Davis, Davis, California, United States of America
| | - Scott M. Logan
- Wild Wings Ecology, Sherman Oaks, California, United States of America
| | - Jennifer C. Brown
- United States Fish and Wildlife Service, Sacramento, California, United States of America
| | - A. Peter Klimley
- Department of Wildlife Fish and Conservation Biology, University of California Davis, Davis, California, United States of America
| | - Lisa A. Tell
- Department of Medicine and Epidemiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California Davis, Davis, California, United States of America
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Walter WD, Evans TS, Stainbrook D, Wallingford BD, Rosenberry CS, Diefenbach DR. Heterogeneity of a landscape influences size of home range in a North American cervid. Sci Rep 2018; 8:14667. [PMID: 30279590 PMCID: PMC6168582 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-32937-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2018] [Accepted: 09/19/2018] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
In the northeastern United States, chronic wasting disease has recently been detected in white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) populations, and understanding the relationship between landscape configuration and home range may improve disease surveillance and containment efforts. The objectives of our study were to compare size of home range for deer occupying a continuum of forested landscapes and to investigate relationships between size of home range and measures of landscape configuration. We used a movement-based kernel density estimator to estimate home range at five spatial scales among deer across study areas. We developed 7 linear regression models that used measures of the configuration of the forested landscape to explain size of home range. We observed differences in size of home range between sexes among areas that differed based on landscape configuration. We documented size of home range changed with various metrics that identifying connectivity of forested patches. Generally, size of home range increased with an increasing proportion of homogenous forest. Our results suggest that deer in our region occupy a landscape at hierarchically-nested scales that is controlled by the connectivity of the forested landscape across local or broad geographical regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- W David Walter
- U.S. Geological Survey, Pennsylvania Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA.
| | - Tyler S Evans
- Pennsylvania Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA
- West Virginia Division of Natural Resources, French Creek, Elkins, WV, 26218, USA
| | - David Stainbrook
- Pennsylvania Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA
- Massachusetts Division of Fisheries and Wildlife, Westborough, MA, 01581, USA
| | - Bret D Wallingford
- Pennsylvania Game Commission, Bureau of Wildlife Management, Harrisburg, PA, 17110, USA
| | | | - Duane R Diefenbach
- U.S. Geological Survey, Pennsylvania Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA
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Roslan MA, Ngui R, Vythilingam I, Sulaiman WYW. Evaluation of sticky traps for adult Aedes mosquitoes in Malaysia: a potential monitoring and surveillance tool for the efficacy of control strategies. J Vector Ecol 2017; 42:298-307. [PMID: 29125255 DOI: 10.1111/jvec.12270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2017] [Accepted: 07/31/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The present study compared the performance of sticky traps in order to identify the most effective and practical trap for capturing Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus mosquitoes. Three phases were conducted in the study, with Phase 1 evaluating the five prototypes (Models A, B, C, D, and E) of sticky trap release-and-recapture using two groups of mosquito release numbers (five and 50) that were released in each replicate. Similarly, Phase 2 compared the performance between Model E and the classical ovitrap that had been modified (sticky ovitrap), using five and 50 mosquito release numbers. Further assessment of both traps was carried out in Phase 3, in which both traps were installed in nine sampling grids. Results from Phase 1 showed that Model E was the trap that recaptured higher numbers of mosquitoes when compared to Models A, B, C, and D. Further assessment between Model E and the modified sticky ovitrap (known as Model F) found that Model F outperformed Model E in both Phases 2 and 3. Thus, Model F was selected as the most effective and practical sticky trap, which could serve as an alternative tool for monitoring and controlling dengue vectors in Malaysia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Aidil Roslan
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Romano Ngui
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Indra Vythilingam
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Wan Yusoff Wan Sulaiman
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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Pirk N, Mastepanov M, López-Blanco E, Christensen LH, Christiansen HH, Hansen BU, Lund M, Parmentier FJW, Skov K, Christensen TR. Toward a statistical description of methane emissions from arctic wetlands. Ambio 2017; 46:70-80. [PMID: 28116692 PMCID: PMC5258667 DOI: 10.1007/s13280-016-0893-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Methane (CH4) emissions from arctic tundra typically follow relations with soil temperature and water table depth, but these process-based descriptions can be difficult to apply to areas where no measurements exist. We formulated a description of the broader temporal flux pattern in the growing season based on two distinct CH4 source components from slow and fast-turnover carbon. We used automatic closed chamber flux measurements from NE Greenland (74°N), W Greenland (64°N), and Svalbard (78°N) to identify and discuss these components. The temporal separation was well-suited in NE Greenland, where the hypothesized slow-turnover carbon peaked at a time significantly related to the timing of snowmelt. The temporally wider component from fast-turnover carbon dominated the emissions in W Greenland and Svalbard. Altogether, we found no dependence of the total seasonal CH4 budget to the timing of snowmelt, and warmer sites and years tended to yield higher CH4 emissions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Norbert Pirk
- Department of Physical Geography and Ecosystem Science, Lund University, Sölvegatan 12, 22362 Lund, Sweden
| | - Mikhail Mastepanov
- Department of Physical Geography and Ecosystem Science, Lund University, Sölvegatan 12, 22362 Lund, Sweden
| | - Efrén López-Blanco
- Department of Bioscience, Arctic Research Centre, Aarhus University, Frederiksborgvej 399, 4000 Roskilde, Denmark
| | | | - Hanne H. Christiansen
- Arctic Geology Department, The University Centre in Svalbard, UNIS, P.O. Box 156, 9171 Longyearbyen, Norway
| | - Birger Ulf Hansen
- Department of Geosciences and Natural Resource Management, University of Copenhagen, Øster Voldgade 10, 1350 Copenhagen K, Denmark
| | - Magnus Lund
- Department of Bioscience, Arctic Research Centre, Aarhus University, Frederiksborgvej 399, 4000 Roskilde, Denmark
| | | | - Kirstine Skov
- Department of Geosciences and Natural Resource Management, University of Copenhagen, Øster Voldgade 10, 1350 Copenhagen K, Denmark
| | - Torben R. Christensen
- Department of Physical Geography and Ecosystem Science, Lund University, Sölvegatan 12, 22362 Lund, Sweden
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Guimarães Paiva E, Salgado-Kent C, Gagnon MM, Parnum I, McCauley R. An assessment of the effectiveness of high definition cameras as remote monitoring tools for dolphin ecology studies. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0126165. [PMID: 25965856 PMCID: PMC4428798 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0126165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2014] [Accepted: 03/10/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Research involving marine mammals often requires costly field programs. This paper assessed whether the benefits of using cameras outweighs the implications of having personnel performing marine mammal detection in the field. The efficacy of video and still cameras to detect Indo-Pacific bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops aduncus) in the Fremantle Harbour (Western Australia) was evaluated, with consideration on how environmental conditions affect detectability. The cameras were set on a tower in the Fremantle Port channel and videos were perused at 1.75 times the normal speed. Images from the cameras were used to estimate position of dolphins at the water's surface. Dolphin detections ranged from 5.6 m to 463.3 m for the video camera, and from 10.8 m to 347.8 m for the still camera. Detection range showed to be satisfactory when compared to distances at which dolphins would be detected by field observers. The relative effect of environmental conditions on detectability was considered by fitting a Generalised Estimation Equations (GEEs) model with Beaufort, level of glare and their interactions as predictors and a temporal auto-correlation structure. The best fit model indicated level of glare had an effect, with more intense periods of glare corresponding to lower occurrences of observed dolphins. However this effect was not large (-0.264) and the parameter estimate was associated with a large standard error (0.113). The limited field of view was the main restraint in that cameras can be only applied to detections of animals observed rather than counts of individuals. However, the use of cameras was effective for long term monitoring of occurrence of dolphins, outweighing the costs and reducing the health and safety risks to field personal. This study showed that cameras could be effectively implemented onshore for research such as studying changes in habitat use in response to development and construction activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Estênio Guimarães Paiva
- Centre for Marine Science and Technology, Curtin University, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
- Department of Environment and Agriculture, Curtin University, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
- * E-mail:
| | - Chandra Salgado-Kent
- Centre for Marine Science and Technology, Curtin University, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Marthe Monique Gagnon
- Department of Environment and Agriculture, Curtin University, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Iain Parnum
- Centre for Marine Science and Technology, Curtin University, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Robert McCauley
- Centre for Marine Science and Technology, Curtin University, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
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Skierucha W, Wilczek A, Szypłowska A, Sławiński C, Lamorski K. A TDR-based soil moisture monitoring system with simultaneous measurement of soil temperature and electrical conductivity. Sensors (Basel) 2012. [PMID: 23202009 PMCID: PMC3545580 DOI: 10.3390/s121013545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
Elements of design and a field application of a TDR-based soil moisture and electrical conductivity monitoring system are described with detailed presentation of the time delay units with a resolution of 10 ps. Other issues discussed include the temperature correction of the applied time delay units, battery supply characteristics and the measurement results from one of the installed ground measurement stations in the Polesie National Park in Poland.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wojciech Skierucha
- Institute of Agrophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences, ul Doświadczalna 4, 20-290 Lublin, Poland.
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