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Dai Z, Liu Y, Lu X, Zhao H, Bai Y. Ultra-High Temperature Operated Ni-Rich Cathode Stabilized by Thermal Barrier for High-Energy Lithium-Ion Batteries. Adv Mater 2024:e2313500. [PMID: 38472160 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202313500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2023] [Revised: 02/24/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024]
Abstract
The pursuit of high energy density batteries has expedited the fast development of Ni-rich cathodes. However, the chemo-mechanical degradation induced by local thermal accumulation and anisotropic lattice strain is posing great obstacles for its wide applications. Herein, a highly-antioxidative BaZrO3 thermal barrier engineered LiNi0.8 Co0.1 Mn0.1 O2 cathode through an in situ construction strategy is first reported to circumvent the above issues. It is found that the Zr ions are incorporated to Ni-rich material lattice and influence on the topotactic lithiation as well as enhance the oxygen electronegativity through the rigid Zr─O bonds, which effectively alleviates the lattice strain propagation and decreases the excessive oxidization of lattice oxygen for charge compensation. More importantly, the BaZrO3 thermal barrier with an ultra-low thermal conductivity validly impedes the fast heat exchange between electrode and electrolyte to mitigate the severe surface side reactions. This helps an ultra-high mass loading Li-ion pouch cell deliver a specific energy density of 690 Wh kg-1 at active material level and an excellent capacity retention of 92.5% after 1400 cycles under 1 C at 25 °C. Tested at a high temperature of 55 °C, the pouch type full-cell also exhibits 88.7% in capacity retention after 1200 cycles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhongsheng Dai
- International Joint Research Laboratory of New Energy Materials and Devices of Henan Province, School of Physics and Electronics, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Henan University, Kaifeng, 475004, P. R. China
| | - Yun Liu
- School of Metallurgy and Environment, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, P. R. China
| | - Xia Lu
- School of Materials, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, 518107, P. R. China
| | - Huiling Zhao
- International Joint Research Laboratory of New Energy Materials and Devices of Henan Province, School of Physics and Electronics, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Henan University, Kaifeng, 475004, P. R. China
| | - Ying Bai
- International Joint Research Laboratory of New Energy Materials and Devices of Henan Province, School of Physics and Electronics, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Henan University, Kaifeng, 475004, P. R. China
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2
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Tan Z, Li Y, Lei C, Li Y, Xi X, Jiang S, Wu F, He Z. In Situ Constructing Ultrastable Mechanical Integrity of Single-Crystalline LiNi 0.9 Co 0.05 Mn 0.05 O 2 Cathode by Interior and Exterior Decoration Strategy. Small 2024; 20:e2305618. [PMID: 37753872 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202305618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2023] [Revised: 08/28/2023] [Indexed: 09/28/2023]
Abstract
Planar gliding along with anisotropic lattice strain of single-crystalline nickel-rich cathodes (SCNRC) at highly delithiated states will induce severe delamination cracking that seriously deteriorates LIBs' cyclability. To address these issues, a novel lattice-matched MgTiO3 (MTO) layer, which exhibits same lattice structure as Ni-rich cathodes, is rationally constructed on single-crystalline LiNi0.9 Co0.05 Mn0.05 O2 (SC90) for ultrastable mechanical integrity. Intensive in/ex situ characterizations combined with theoretical calculations and finite element analysis suggest that the uniform MTO coating layer prevents direct contact between SC90 and organic electrolytes and enables rapid Li-ion diffusion with depressed Li-deficiency, thereby stabilizing the interfacial structure and accommodating the mechanical stress of SC90. More importantly, a superstructure is simultaneously formed in SC90, which can effectively alleviate the anisotropic lattice changes and decrease cation mobility during successive high-voltage de/intercalation processes. Therefore, the as-acquired MTO-modified SC90 cathode displays desirable capacity retention and high-voltage stability. When paired with commercial graphite anodes, the pouch-type cells with the MTO-modified SC90 can deliver a high capacity of 175.2 mAh g-1 with 89.8% capacity retention after 500 cycles. This lattice-matching coating strategy demonstrate a highly effective pathway to maintain the structural and interfacial stability in electrode materials, which can be a pioneering breakthrough in commercialization of Ni-rich cathodes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhouliang Tan
- School of Metallurgy and Environment, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, P. R. China
- Engineering Research Center of the Ministry of Education for Advanced Battery Materials, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, China
| | - Yunjiao Li
- School of Metallurgy and Environment, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, P. R. China
- Engineering Research Center of the Ministry of Education for Advanced Battery Materials, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, China
| | - Changlong Lei
- School of Metallurgy and Environment, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, P. R. China
- Engineering Research Center of the Ministry of Education for Advanced Battery Materials, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, China
| | - Yue Li
- School of Metallurgy and Environment, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, P. R. China
- Engineering Research Center of the Ministry of Education for Advanced Battery Materials, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, China
| | - Xiaoming Xi
- Changsha Research Institute of Mining and Metallurgy, Changsha, 410083, P. R. China
| | - Shijie Jiang
- School of Metallurgy and Environment, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, P. R. China
- Engineering Research Center of the Ministry of Education for Advanced Battery Materials, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, China
| | - Feixiang Wu
- School of Metallurgy and Environment, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, P. R. China
- Engineering Research Center of the Ministry of Education for Advanced Battery Materials, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, China
| | - Zhenjiang He
- School of Metallurgy and Environment, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, P. R. China
- Engineering Research Center of the Ministry of Education for Advanced Battery Materials, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, China
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3
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De Stefano M, Lanza A, Sbordone L, Ruggiero A. Stress-strain and fatigue life numerical evaluation of two different dental implants considering isotropic and anisotropic human jaw. Proc Inst Mech Eng H 2023; 237:1190-1201. [PMID: 37667892 DOI: 10.1177/09544119231193879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/06/2023]
Abstract
Dental prostheses are currently a valid solution for replacing potential missing tooth or edentulism clinical condition. Nevertheless, the oral cavity is a dynamic and complex system: occlusal loads, external agents, or other unpleasant events can impact on implants functionality and stability causing a future revision surgery. One of the failure origins is certainly the dynamic loading originated from daily oral activities like eating, chewing, and so on. The aim of this paper was to evaluate, by a numerical analysis based on Finite Elements Method (FEM), and to discuss in a comparative way, firstly, the stress-strain of two different adopted dental implants and, subsequently, their fatigue life according to common standard of calculations. For this investigation, the jawbone was modeled accounting for either isotropic or anisotropic behavior. It was composed of cortical and cancellous regions, considering it completely osseointegrated with the implants. The impact of implants' fixture design, loading conditions, and their effect on the mandible bone was finally investigated, on the basis of the achieved numerical results. Lastly, the life cycle of the investigated implants was estimated according to the well-established theories of Goodman, Soderberg, and Gerber by exploiting the outcomes obtained by the numerical simulations, providing interesting conclusions useful in the dental practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco De Stefano
- Department of Industrial Engineering, University of Salerno, Fisciano, Italy
| | - Antonio Lanza
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry "Schola Medica Salernitana," University of Salerno, Baronissi, Italy
| | - Ludovico Sbordone
- Department of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Molise, V Campobasso, Italy
| | - Alessandro Ruggiero
- Department of Industrial Engineering, University of Salerno, Fisciano, Italy
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Dai Z, Wang J, Zhao H, Bai Y. Surface Coupling between Mechanical and Electric Fields Empowering Ni-Rich Cathodes with Superior Cyclabilities for Lithium-Ion Batteries. Adv Sci (Weinh) 2022; 9:e2200622. [PMID: 35478438 PMCID: PMC9218785 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202200622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2022] [Revised: 04/01/2022] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Ni-rich cathodes with high energy densities are considered as promising candidates for advanced lithium-ion batteries, whereas their commercial application is in dilemma due to dramatic capacity decay and poor structure stability stemmed from interfacial instability, structural degradation, and stress-strain accumulation, as well as intergranular cracks. Herein, a piezoelectric LiTaO3 (LTO) layer is facilely deposited onto Li[Nix Coy Mn1- x - y ]O2 (x = 0.6, 0.8) cathodes to induce surface polarized electric fields via the intrinsic stress-strain of Ni-rich active materials, thus modulating interfacial Li+ kinetics upon cycling. Various characterizations indicate that the electrochemical performances of LTO-modified cathodes are obviously enhanced even under large current density and elevated temperature. Intensive explorations from in situ X-ray diffraction technique, finite element analysis, and first-principle calculation manifest that the improvement mechanism of LTO decoration can be attributed to the enhanced structural stability of bulk material, suppressed stress accumulation, and regulated ion transportation. These findings provide deep insight into surface coupling strategy between mechanical and electric fields to regulate the interfacial Li+ kinetics behavior and enhance structure stability for Ni-rich cathodes, which will also arouse great interest from scientists and engineers in multifunctional surface engineering for electrochemical systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhongsheng Dai
- International Joint Research Laboratory of New Energy Materials and Devices of Henan ProvinceSchool of Physics and ElectronicsHenan UniversityKaifeng475004P. R. China
| | - Jianhang Wang
- International Joint Research Laboratory of New Energy Materials and Devices of Henan ProvinceSchool of Physics and ElectronicsHenan UniversityKaifeng475004P. R. China
| | - Huiling Zhao
- International Joint Research Laboratory of New Energy Materials and Devices of Henan ProvinceSchool of Physics and ElectronicsHenan UniversityKaifeng475004P. R. China
- Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary StudiesHenan UniversityKaifeng475004P. R. China
| | - Ying Bai
- International Joint Research Laboratory of New Energy Materials and Devices of Henan ProvinceSchool of Physics and ElectronicsHenan UniversityKaifeng475004P. R. China
- Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary StudiesHenan UniversityKaifeng475004P. R. China
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Giannopoulos GI, Georgantzinos SK. Thermomechanical Behavior of Bone-Shaped SWCNT/Polyethylene Nanocomposites via Molecular Dynamics. Materials (Basel) 2021; 14:2192. [PMID: 33923322 DOI: 10.3390/ma14092192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2021] [Revised: 04/22/2021] [Accepted: 04/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
In the present study, the thermomechanical effects of adding a newly proposed nanoparticle within a polymer matrix such as polyethylene are being investigated. The nanoparticle is formed by a typical single-walled carbon nanotube (SWCNT) and two equivalent giant carbon fullerenes that are attached with the nanotube edges through covalent bonds. In this way, a bone-shaped nanofiber is developed that may offer enhanced thermomechanical characteristics when used as a polymer filler, due to each unique shape and chemical nature. The investigation is based on molecular dynamics simulations of the tensile stress–strain response of polymer nanocomposites under a variety of temperatures. The thermomechanical behavior of the bone-shaped nanofiber-reinforced polyethylene is compared with that of an equivalent nanocomposite filled with ordinary capped single-walled carbon nanotubes, in order to reach some coherent fundamental conclusions. The study focuses on the evaluation of some basic, temperature-dependent properties of the nanocomposite reinforced with these innovative bone-shaped allotropes of carbon.
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Wang X, Xie W, Li T, Ren J, Zhu J, Han N, Xing F. Molecular Dynamics Study on Mechanical Properties of Interface between Urea-Formaldehyde Resin and Calcium-Silicate-Hydrates. Materials (Basel) 2020; 13:E4054. [PMID: 32932664 PMCID: PMC7558882 DOI: 10.3390/ma13184054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2020] [Revised: 08/29/2020] [Accepted: 09/08/2020] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Microcapsule based self-healing concrete can automatically repair damage and improve the durability of concrete structures, the performance of which depends on the binding behavior between the microcapsule wall and cement matrix. However, conventional experimental methods could not provide detailed information on a microscopic level. In this paper, through molecular dynamics simulation, three composite models of Tobermorite (Tobermorite 9 Å, Tobermorite 11 Å, Tobermorite 14 Å), a mineral similar to Calcium-Silicate-Hydrate (C-S-H) gel, with the linear urea-formaldehyde (UF), the shell of the microcapsule, were established to investigate the mechanical properties and interface binding behaviour of the Tobermorite/UF composite. The results showed that the Young's modulus, shear modulus and bulk modulus of Tobermorite/UF were lower than that of 'pure' Tobermorite, whereas the tensile strength and failure strain of Tobermorite/UF were higher than that of 'pure' Tobermorite. Moreover, through radial distribution function (RDF) analysis, the connection between Tobermorite and UF found a strong interaction between Ca, N, and O, whereas Si from Tobermorite and N from UF did not contribute to the interface binding strength. Finally, high binding energy between the Tobermorite and UF was observed. The research results should provide insights into the interface behavior between the microcapsule wall and the cement matrix.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianfeng Wang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Durability for Marine Civil Engineering, College of Civil and Transportation Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China; (X.W.); (W.X.); (T.L.); (N.H.); (F.X.)
| | - Wei Xie
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Durability for Marine Civil Engineering, College of Civil and Transportation Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China; (X.W.); (W.X.); (T.L.); (N.H.); (F.X.)
| | - Taoran Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Durability for Marine Civil Engineering, College of Civil and Transportation Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China; (X.W.); (W.X.); (T.L.); (N.H.); (F.X.)
| | - Jun Ren
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Durability for Marine Civil Engineering, College of Civil and Transportation Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China; (X.W.); (W.X.); (T.L.); (N.H.); (F.X.)
- School of Science, Harbin Institute of Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Jihua Zhu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Durability for Marine Civil Engineering, College of Civil and Transportation Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China; (X.W.); (W.X.); (T.L.); (N.H.); (F.X.)
| | - Ningxu Han
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Durability for Marine Civil Engineering, College of Civil and Transportation Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China; (X.W.); (W.X.); (T.L.); (N.H.); (F.X.)
| | - Feng Xing
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Durability for Marine Civil Engineering, College of Civil and Transportation Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China; (X.W.); (W.X.); (T.L.); (N.H.); (F.X.)
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Grillo A, Passacantando M, Zak A, Pelella A, Di Bartolomeo A. WS 2 Nanotubes: Electrical Conduction and Field Emission Under Electron Irradiation and Mechanical Stress. Small 2020; 16:e2002880. [PMID: 32761781 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202002880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2020] [Revised: 07/08/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
This study reports the electrical transport and the field emission properties of individual multi-walled tungsten disulphide (WS2 ) nanotubes (NTs) under electron beam irradiation and mechanical stress. Electron beam irradiation is used to reduce the nanotube-electrode contact resistance by one-order of magnitude. The field emission capability of single WS2 NTs is investigated, and a field emission current density as high as 600 kA cm-2 is attained with a turn-on field of ≈100 V μm-1 and field-enhancement factor ≈50. Moreover, the electrical behavior of individual WS2 NTs is studied under the application of longitudinal tensile stress. An exponential increase of the nanotube resistivity with tensile strain is demonstrated up to a recorded elongation of 12%, thereby making WS2 NTs suitable for piezoresistive strain sensor applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Grillo
- Physics Department "E. R. Caianiello" and Interdepartmental centre NanoMates, University of Salerno, via Giovanni Paolo II n. 132, Fisciano, 84084, Italy
- CNR-SPIN Salerno, via Giovanni Paolo II n. 132, Fisciano, 84084, Italy
| | - Maurizio Passacantando
- Department of Physical and Chemical Sciences, University of L'Aquila, and CNR-SPIN L'Aquila, via Vetoio, Coppito, 67100, Italy
| | - Alla Zak
- Faculty of Sciences, HIT-Holon Institute of Technology, Holon, 5810201, Israel
| | - Aniello Pelella
- Physics Department "E. R. Caianiello" and Interdepartmental centre NanoMates, University of Salerno, via Giovanni Paolo II n. 132, Fisciano, 84084, Italy
- CNR-SPIN Salerno, via Giovanni Paolo II n. 132, Fisciano, 84084, Italy
| | - Antonio Di Bartolomeo
- Physics Department "E. R. Caianiello" and Interdepartmental centre NanoMates, University of Salerno, via Giovanni Paolo II n. 132, Fisciano, 84084, Italy
- CNR-SPIN Salerno, via Giovanni Paolo II n. 132, Fisciano, 84084, Italy
- INFN-Gruppo collegato di Salerno, via Giovanni Paolo II n. 132, Fisciano, 84084, Italy
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Zábranský L, Bernátová K, Dluhoš J, Váňa R, Souček P, Vašina P, Buršíková V. The Effect of a Taper Angle on Micro-Compression Testing of Mo-B-C Coatings. Materials (Basel) 2020; 13:ma13143054. [PMID: 32650471 PMCID: PMC7411628 DOI: 10.3390/ma13143054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2020] [Revised: 07/01/2020] [Accepted: 07/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
This research was devoted to studying the influence of the taper angle on the micro-compression of micro-pillars fabricated from near-amorphous and nanocrystalline Mo-B-C coatings. A series of micro-pillars with a taper angle between 4-14° was fabricated by focused ion beam technique. The deformation mechanism was found to be dependent on the taper and, also, on the crystallinity of the coating. In order to obtain correct values of yield strength and Young's modulus, three empirical models of stress correction were experimentally tested, and the results were compared with nanoindentation measurements. It was shown that the average stress correction model provided comparable results with nanoindentation for the yield strength for taper angles up to ~10°. On the other hand, the average radius or area model gave the most precise results for Young's modulus if the taper angle was <10°.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lukáš Zábranský
- Department of Physical Electronics, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kotlářská 2, CZ–61137 Brno, Czech Republic; (K.B.); (P.S.); (P.V.); (V.B.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Katarína Bernátová
- Department of Physical Electronics, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kotlářská 2, CZ–61137 Brno, Czech Republic; (K.B.); (P.S.); (P.V.); (V.B.)
| | - Jiří Dluhoš
- Tescan Orsay Holding, a.s., Libušina třída 21, CZ–62300 Brno, Czech Republic; (J.D.); (R.V.)
| | - Rostislav Váňa
- Tescan Orsay Holding, a.s., Libušina třída 21, CZ–62300 Brno, Czech Republic; (J.D.); (R.V.)
| | - Pavel Souček
- Department of Physical Electronics, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kotlářská 2, CZ–61137 Brno, Czech Republic; (K.B.); (P.S.); (P.V.); (V.B.)
| | - Petr Vašina
- Department of Physical Electronics, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kotlářská 2, CZ–61137 Brno, Czech Republic; (K.B.); (P.S.); (P.V.); (V.B.)
| | - Vilma Buršíková
- Department of Physical Electronics, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kotlářská 2, CZ–61137 Brno, Czech Republic; (K.B.); (P.S.); (P.V.); (V.B.)
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Farré N, Jorba I, Torres M, Falcones B, Martí-Almor J, Farré R, Almendros I, Navajas D. Passive Stiffness of Left Ventricular Myocardial Tissue Is Reduced by Ovariectomy in a Post-menopause Mouse Model. Front Physiol 2018; 9:1545. [PMID: 30455648 PMCID: PMC6230582 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2018.01545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2018] [Accepted: 10/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Heart failure (HF) – a very prevalent disease with high morbidity and mortality – usually presents with diastolic dysfunction. Although post-menopause women are at increased risk of HF and diastolic dysfunction, poor attention has been paid to clinically and experimentally investigate this group of patients. Specifically, whether myocardial stiffness is affected by menopause is unknown. Aim: To investigate whether loss of female sexual hormones modifies the Young’s modulus (E) of left ventricular (LV) myocardial tissue in a mouse model of menopause induced by ovariectomy (OVX). Methods: After 6 months of bilateral OVX, eight mice were sacrificed, fresh LV myocardial strips were prepared (∼8 × 1 × 1 mm), and their passive stress–stretch relationship was measured. E was computed by exponential fitting of the stress–stretch relationship. Subsequently, to assess the relative role of cellular and extracellular matrix components in determining OVX-induced changes in E, the tissues strips were decellularized and subjected to the same stretching protocol to measure E. A control group of eight sham-OVX mice was simultaneously studied. Results: E (kPa; m ± SE) in OVX mice was ∼twofold lower than in controls (11.7 ± 1.8 and 22.1 ± 4.4, respectively; p < 0.05). No significant difference between groups was found in E of the decellularized tissue (31.4 ± 12.05 and 40.9 ± 11.5, respectively; p = 0.58). Conclusion: Loss of female sexual hormones in an OVX model induces a reduction in the passive stiffness of myocardial tissue, suggesting that active relaxation should play a counterbalancing role in diastolic dysfunction in post-menopausal women with HF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Núria Farré
- Heart Failure Unit, Department of Cardiology, Hospital del Mar, Barcelona, Spain.,Heart Diseases Biomedical Research Group, IMIM (Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute), Barcelona, Spain.,Department of Medicine, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ignasi Jorba
- Unitat Biofísica i Bioenginyeria, Facultat de Medicina, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia - The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Marta Torres
- Department of Pneumology, Hospital Clinic Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,CIBER de Enfermedades Respiratorias, Madrid, Spain
| | - Bryan Falcones
- Unitat Biofísica i Bioenginyeria, Facultat de Medicina, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,CIBER de Enfermedades Respiratorias, Madrid, Spain
| | - Julio Martí-Almor
- Heart Failure Unit, Department of Cardiology, Hospital del Mar, Barcelona, Spain.,Department of Medicine, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ramon Farré
- Unitat Biofísica i Bioenginyeria, Facultat de Medicina, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,CIBER de Enfermedades Respiratorias, Madrid, Spain.,Institut d'Investigacions Biomediques August Pi i Sunyer, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Isaac Almendros
- Unitat Biofísica i Bioenginyeria, Facultat de Medicina, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,CIBER de Enfermedades Respiratorias, Madrid, Spain.,Institut d'Investigacions Biomediques August Pi i Sunyer, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Daniel Navajas
- Unitat Biofísica i Bioenginyeria, Facultat de Medicina, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia - The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona, Spain.,CIBER de Enfermedades Respiratorias, Madrid, Spain
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Liu Q, Wang F, Gu Z, Ma Q, Hu X. Exploring the Structural Transformation Mechanism of Chinese and Thailand Silk Fibroin Fibers and Formic-Acid Fabricated Silk Films. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:E3309. [PMID: 30355987 PMCID: PMC6274861 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19113309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2018] [Revised: 10/13/2018] [Accepted: 10/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Silk fibroin (SF) is a protein polymer derived from insects, which has unique mechanical properties and tunable biodegradation rate due to its variable structures. Here, the variability of structural, thermal, and mechanical properties of two domesticated silk films (Chinese and Thailand B. Mori) regenerated from formic acid solution, as well as their original fibers, were compared and investigated using dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA) and Fourier transform infrared spectrometry (FTIR). Four relaxation events appeared clearly during the temperature region of 25 °C to 280 °C in DMA curves, and their disorder degree (fdis) and glass transition temperature (Tg) were predicted using Group Interaction Modeling (GIM). Compared with Thai (Thailand) regenerated silks, Chin (Chinese) silks possess a lower Tg, higher fdis, and better elasticity and mechanical strength. As the calcium chloride content in the initial processing solvent increases (1%⁻6%), the Tg of the final SF samples gradually decrease, while their fdis increase. Besides, SF with more non-crystalline structures shows high plasticity. Two α- relaxations in the glass transition region of tan δ curve were identified due to the structural transition of silk protein. These findings provide a new perspective for the design of advanced protein biomaterials with different secondary structures, and facilitate a comprehensive understanding of the structure-property relationship of various biopolymers in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qichun Liu
- Center of Analysis and Testing, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China.
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Nanjing Normal University Jiangsu, Nanjing 210023, China.
| | - Fang Wang
- Center of Analysis and Testing, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China.
| | - Zhenggui Gu
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Nanjing Normal University Jiangsu, Nanjing 210023, China.
| | - Qingyu Ma
- School of Physics and Technology, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China.
| | - Xiao Hu
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Rowan University, Glassboro, NJ 08028, USA.
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rowan University, Glassboro, NJ 08028, USA.
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biosciences, Rowan University, Glassboro, NJ 08028, USA.
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Liu A, Peng Q. A Molecular Dynamics Study of the Mechanical Properties of Twisted Bilayer Graphene. Micromachines (Basel) 2018; 9:E440. [PMID: 30424373 PMCID: PMC6187475 DOI: 10.3390/mi9090440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2018] [Revised: 08/26/2018] [Accepted: 08/26/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Graphene is one of the most important nanomaterials. The twisted bilayer graphene shows superior electronic properties compared to graphene. Here, we demonstrate via molecular dynamics simulations that twisted bilayer graphene possesses outstanding mechanical properties. We find that the mechanical strain rate and the presence of cracks have negligible effects on the linear elastic properties, but not the nonlinear mechanical properties, including fracture toughness. The "two-peak" pattern in the stress-strain curves of the bilayer composites of defective and pristine graphene indicates a sequential failure of the two layers. Our study provides a safe-guide for the design and applications of multilayer grapheme-based nanoelectronic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aaron Liu
- Computer Sciences and Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA.
| | - Qing Peng
- Nuclear Engineering and Radiological Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA.
- Department of Mechanical, Aerospace and Nuclear Engineering, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY 12180, USA.
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Abstract
BACKGROUND The modulus of elasticity of an assortment of materials used in spinal surgery, as well as cortical and cancellous bones, is determined by direct measurements and plotting of the appropriate curves. When utilized in spine surgery, the stiffness of a surgical implant can affect its material characteristics. The modulus of elasticity, or Young's modulus, measures the stiffness of a material by calculating the slope of the material's stress-strain curve. While many papers and presentations refer to the modulus of elasticity as a reason for the choice of a particular spinal implant, no peer-reviewed surgical journal article has previously been published where the Young's modulus values of interbody implants have been measured. METHODS Materials were tested under pure compression at the rate of 2 mm/min. A maximum of 45 kilonewtons (kN) compressive force was applied. Stress-strain characteristics under compressive force were plotted and this plot was used to calculate the elastic modulus. RESULTS The elastic modulus calculated for metals was more than 50 Gigapascals (GPa) and had significantly higher modulus values compared to poly-ether-ether-ketone (PEEK) materials and allograft bone. CONCLUSIONS The data generated in this paper may facilitate surgeons to make informed decisions on their choices of interbody implants with specific attention to the stiffness of the implant chosen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert F Heary
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, New Jersey, USA
| | - Naresh Parvathreddy
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, New Jersey, USA
| | - Sujitha Sampath
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, New Jersey, USA
| | - Nitin Agarwal
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, New Jersey, USA
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13
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Human studies have demonstrated aging-related changes in esophagus which may contribute to the increased rate of gastro-esophageal reflux in elderly. The aim of this study was to investigate esophageal morphometric and biomechanical remodeling in aging rats to obtain detailed information about aging-related changes. METHODS Twenty-four male Wistar rats, aged from 6 to 22 months, were studied. Morphometric data were obtained by measuring the wall thickness and cross-sectional area. The esophageal diameter and length were obtained from digitized images of the segments at preselected luminal pressure levels and at no-load and zero-stress states. Circumferential and longitudinal stresses (force per area) and strains (deformation) were computed from the length, diameter and pressure data, and from the zero-stress state geometry. KEY RESULTS The esophageal parameters such as the weight per unit length, the wall thickness and the wall cross-sectional area increased slightly from 6 to 22 months (p < 0.05 to p < 0.001). The opening angle gradually decreased during aging (p < 0.05). The interface between the mucosa-submucosa and muscle layers slightly moved outwards and the neutral axis moved inwards during aging. The stress-strain data showed that the esophageal wall became stiffer circumferentially and longitudinally during aging (p < 0.05, p < 0.01). However, the circumferential wall stiffness showed no further change after 12 months. CONCLUSIONS & INFERENCES A pronounced morphometric and biomechanical remodeling occurred in the rat esophagus during aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Zhao
- Giome Academia, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark.,GIOME and the Key Laboratory for Biorheological Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, Bioengineering College of Chongqing University, Chongqing, China
| | - H Gregersen
- GIOME and the Key Laboratory for Biorheological Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, Bioengineering College of Chongqing University, Chongqing, China
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Paul D, Paul S, Roohpour N, Wilks M, Vadgama P. Antimicrobial, mechanical and thermal studies of silver particle-loaded polyurethane. J Funct Biomater 2013; 4:358-75. [PMID: 24956194 PMCID: PMC4030929 DOI: 10.3390/jfb4040358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2013] [Revised: 11/14/2013] [Accepted: 11/27/2013] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Silver-particle-incorporated polyurethane films were evaluated for antimicrobial activity towards two different bacteria: Escherichia coli (E. coli) and Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus). Distributed silver particles sourced from silver nitrate, silver lactate and preformed silver nanoparticles were mixed with polyurethane (PU) and variously characterized by field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), fourier transform infra-red (FTIR) spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD) and contact angle measurement. Antibacterial activity against E.coli was confirmed for films loaded with 10% (w/w) AgNO3, 1% and 10% (w/w) Ag lactate and preformed Ag nanoparticles. All were active against S. aureus, but Ag nanoparticles loaded with PU had a minor effect. The apparent antibacterial performance of Ag lactate-loaded PU is better than other Ag ion-loaded films, revealed from the zone of inhibition study. The better performance of silver lactate-loaded PU was the likely result of a porous PU structure. FESEM and FTIR indicated direct interaction of silver with the PU backbone, and XRD patterns confirmed that face-centred cubic-type silver, representative of Ag metal, was present. Young's modulus, tensile strength and the hardness of silver containing PU films were not adversely affected and possibly marginally increased with silver incorporation. Dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA) indicated greater thermal stability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deepen Paul
- School of Engineering and Materials Science, Queen Mary, University of London, London E1 4NS, UK.
| | - Sharmistha Paul
- School of Engineering and Materials Science, Queen Mary, University of London, London E1 4NS, UK.
| | - Nima Roohpour
- School of Engineering and Materials Science, Queen Mary, University of London, London E1 4NS, UK.
| | - Mark Wilks
- Barts Health Trust, Microbiology Department, London E1 2ES, UK.
| | - Pankaj Vadgama
- School of Engineering and Materials Science, Queen Mary, University of London, London E1 4NS, UK.
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15
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Bersi M, Collins M, Wilson E, Humphrey J. Disparate Changes in the Mechanical Properties of Murine Carotid Arteries and Aorta in Response to Chronic Infusion of Angiotensin-II. Int J Adv Eng Sci Appl Math 2013; 4:228-240. [PMID: 24944461 PMCID: PMC4058430 DOI: 10.1007/s12572-012-0052-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Chronic infusion of angiotensin-II has proved useful for generating dissecting aortic aneurysms in atheroprone mice. These lesions preferentially form in the suprarenal abdominal aorta and sometimes in the ascending aorta, but reasons for such localization remain unknown. This study focused on why these lesions do not form in other large (central) arteries. Toward this end, we quantified and compared the geometry, composition, and biaxial material behavior (using a nonlinear constitutive relation) of common carotid arteries from three groups of mice: non-treated controls as well as mice receiving a subcutaneous infusion of angiotensin-II for 28 days that either did or did not lead to the development of a dissecting aortic aneurysm. Consistent with the mild hypertension induced by the angiotensin-II, the carotid wall thickened as expected and remodeled modestly. There was no evidence, however, of a marked loss of elastic fibers or smooth muscle cells, each of which appear to be initiating events for the development of aneurysms, and there was no evidence of intramural discontinuities that might give rise to dissections.
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Affiliation(s)
- M.R. Bersi
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - M.J. Collins
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
| | - E. Wilson
- Department of Systems Biology and Translational Medicine, Texas A&M Health Science Center, College Station, TX, USA
| | - J.D. Humphrey
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
- Vascular Biology and Therapeutics Program, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT USA
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Ferruzzi J, Collins MJ, Yeh AT, Humphrey JD. Mechanical assessment of elastin integrity in fibrillin-1-deficient carotid arteries: implications for Marfan syndrome. Cardiovasc Res 2011; 92. [PMID: 21730037 PMCID: PMC3193833 DOI: 10.1093/cvr195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
AIMS Elastin is the primary component of elastic fibres in arteries, which contribute significantly to the structural integrity of the wall. Fibrillin-1 is a microfibrillar glycoprotein that appears to stabilize elastic fibres mechanically and thereby to delay a fatigue-induced loss of function due to long-term repetitive loading. Whereas prior studies have addressed some aspects of ageing-related changes in the overall mechanical properties of arteries in mouse models of Marfan syndrome, we sought to assess for the first time the load-carrying capability of the elastic fibres early in maturity, prior to the development of ageing-related effects, dilatation, or dissection. METHODS AND RESULTS We used elastase to degrade elastin in common carotid arteries excised, at 7-9 weeks of age, from a mouse model (mgR/mgR) of Marfan syndrome that expresses fibrillin-1 at 15-25% of normal levels. In vitro biaxial mechanical tests performed before and after exposure to elastase suggested that the elastic fibres exhibited a nearly normal load-bearing capability. Observations from nonlinear optical microscopy suggested further that competent elastic fibres not only contribute to load-bearing, they also increase the undulation of collagen fibres, which endows the normal arterial wall with a more compliant response to pressurization. CONCLUSION These findings support the hypothesis that it is an accelerated fatigue-induced damage to or protease-related degradation of initially competent elastic fibres that render arteries in Marfan syndrome increasingly susceptible to dilatation, dissection, and rupture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacopo Ferruzzi
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
| | - Melissa J. Collins
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
| | - Alvin T. Yeh
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
| | - Jay D. Humphrey
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Malone Engineering Center, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520, USA,Corresponding author. Tel: +1 203 432 6428; fax: +1 203 432 0030,
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Brown E, Rodenberg N, Amend J, Mozeika A, Steltz E, Zakin MR, Lipson H, Jaeger HM. Universal robotic gripper based on the jamming of granular material. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2010; 107:18809-18814. [PMCID: PMC2973877 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1003250107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 398] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Gripping and holding of objects are key tasks for robotic manipulators. The development of universal grippers able to pick up unfamiliar objects of widely varying shape and surface properties remains, however, challenging. Most current designs are based on the multifingered hand, but this approach introduces hardware and software complexities. These include large numbers of controllable joints, the need for force sensing if objects are to be handled securely without crushing them, and the computational overhead to decide how much stress each finger should apply and where. Here we demonstrate a completely different approach to a universal gripper. Individual fingers are replaced by a single mass of granular material that, when pressed onto a target object, flows around it and conforms to its shape. Upon application of a vacuum the granular material contracts and hardens quickly to pinch and hold the object without requiring sensory feedback. We find that volume changes of less than 0.5% suffice to grip objects reliably and hold them with forces exceeding many times their weight. We show that the operating principle is the ability of granular materials to transition between an unjammed, deformable state and a jammed state with solid-like rigidity. We delineate three separate mechanisms, friction, suction, and interlocking, that contribute to the gripping force. Using a simple model we relate each of them to the mechanical strength of the jammed state. This advance opens up new possibilities for the design of simple, yet highly adaptive systems that excel at fast gripping of complex objects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric Brown
- James Franck Institute and Department of Physics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637
| | - Nicholas Rodenberg
- James Franck Institute and Department of Physics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637
| | - John Amend
- School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853
| | - Annan Mozeika
- iRobot G and I Research, 8 Crosby Drive, Bedford, MA 01730; and
| | - Erik Steltz
- iRobot G and I Research, 8 Crosby Drive, Bedford, MA 01730; and
| | - Mitchell R. Zakin
- Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency, 3701 North Fairfax Drive, Arlington, VA 22203
| | - Hod Lipson
- School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853
| | - Heinrich M. Jaeger
- James Franck Institute and Department of Physics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637
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Abstract
Arteries exhibit a remarkable ability to adapt in response to sustained alterations in hemodynamic loading as well as in response to disease, injury, and clinical treatment. A better understanding of such adaptations will be aided greatly by formulating, testing, and refining appropriate theoretical frameworks for modeling the biomechanics and associated mechanobiology. The goal of this brief review is to highlight some recent developments in the use of a constrained mixture theory of arterial growth and remodeling, with particular attention to the requisite constitutive relations, and to highlight future directions of needed research.
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Affiliation(s)
- J.D. Humphrey
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, 337 Zachry Engineering Center, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843-3120 USA
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