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Li J, Li Y, Zhang S, Ma H, Liu X, Liang Z, Zhang W, Jing H, Du Y, Yang Y, Huo D, Chen L, Wang Q. Analysis of an Imported Subgenotype C2 Strain of Human Enterovirus 71 in Beijing, China, 2015. Front Microbiol 2018; 9:2337. [PMID: 30323801 PMCID: PMC6172327 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2018.02337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2017] [Accepted: 09/12/2018] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Subgenotype C4 of enterovirus 71 (EV71) is the predominant agent of Hand Foot and Mouth disease (HFMD) circulating in the mainland of China. For the first time, a subgenotype C2 of EV71 named SY30-2 was isolated from a HFMD case in Beijing, China. Since it is uncertain whether antibodies raised against subgenotype C4 of EV71 can protect C2 EV71, it is important to monitor and check the presence of cross-reactive antibodies against new EV71 subgenotypes. To find out the causes for the different NtAb, this study is to investigate the relationships between amino acid residue variations and cross-reactive antibodies against EV71 subgenotypes C2 and C4. Methods: Nucleotide and amino acid sequences from full-length genome sequence of SY30-2 were compared to EV71 reference strains. A microneutralization test was used to detect neutralizing antibody (NTAb) in the sera of subgenotype C4 of EV71 infected cases against SY30-2 and FY17 (a C4 isolate). The 3D structure of the viral capsid protein of SY30-2 was constructed. Results: Genome sequence and similarity plot analyses showed that SY30-2 shared the highest identity with subgenotype C2 of EV71 strains in every fragment of the genome. While the microneutralization test result showed that children infected with subgenotype C4 of EV71 had higher NTAb titers against FY17 than SY30-2 (p < 0.001). The amino acid sequence comparison revealed that four amino acid residues VP1-22, VP1-31, VP1-249 and VP3-93 were highly conserved in subgenotype C4 of EV71 compared with the corresponding amino acid residues on subgenotype C2 of EV71 (p < 0.05). Furthermore, the 3D-structure of viral capsid protein showed that VP1-22, VP1-31 and VP3-93 were located on the surface of virion. Conclusion: This is the first report of an EV71 subgenotype C2 isolated from HFMD in Beijing, China. Only a few antigenic variations on subgenotype C2 of EV71 could have led to a great decrease in NTAb titer. Thus, imported new genotypes and subgenotypes of EV71 should be closely monitored. The efficacy of available vaccines against new viruses should be evaluated as well.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Li
- Beijing Center for Disease Prevention and Control, Beijing, China.,Beijing Center for Preventive Medicine Research, Beijing, China.,Beijing Shunyi Center for Disease Prevention and Control, Beijing, China
| | - Yindong Li
- Beijing Shunyi Center for Disease Prevention and Control, Beijing, China
| | - Songjian Zhang
- Beijing Shunyi Center for Disease Prevention and Control, Beijing, China
| | - Hongmei Ma
- Beijing Shunyi Center for Disease Prevention and Control, Beijing, China
| | - XiaoXiao Liu
- Beijing Xi Cheng Center for Disease Prevention and Control, Beijing, China
| | - Zhichao Liang
- Beijing Center for Disease Prevention and Control, Beijing, China.,Beijing Center for Preventive Medicine Research, Beijing, China
| | - Wenzeng Zhang
- Beijing Shunyi Center for Disease Prevention and Control, Beijing, China
| | - Hongbo Jing
- Beijing Shunyi Center for Disease Prevention and Control, Beijing, China
| | - Yiwei Du
- Beijing Center for Disease Prevention and Control, Beijing, China.,Beijing Center for Preventive Medicine Research, Beijing, China
| | - Yang Yang
- Beijing Center for Disease Prevention and Control, Beijing, China.,Beijing Center for Preventive Medicine Research, Beijing, China
| | - Da Huo
- Beijing Center for Disease Prevention and Control, Beijing, China.,Beijing Center for Preventive Medicine Research, Beijing, China
| | - Lijuan Chen
- Beijing Center for Disease Prevention and Control, Beijing, China.,Beijing Center for Preventive Medicine Research, Beijing, China
| | - Quanyi Wang
- Beijing Center for Disease Prevention and Control, Beijing, China.,Beijing Center for Preventive Medicine Research, Beijing, China
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Lee SY, Lee SH, Kim JE, Kim H, Kim K, Kook YH, Kim BJ. Identification of Novel A2/C2 Inter-Genotype Recombinants of Hepatitis B Virus from a Korean Chronic Patient Co-Infected with Both Genotype A2 and C2. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:ijms18040737. [PMID: 28358313 PMCID: PMC5412322 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18040737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2017] [Revised: 03/21/2017] [Accepted: 03/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Nearly all cases of Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infections in South Korea have the C2 genotype. Here, we have identified a chronically infected patient who was co-infected with HBV of both the A2 and C2 genotypes by screening 135 Korean chronically infected patients using direct sequencing protocols targeting the 1032-bp polymerase reverse transcriptase (RT) region. Further polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-cloning analysis (22 clones) of the RT showed that this patient had genotype C2 (12 clones), genotype A2 (six clones) and A2/C2 inter-genotype HBV recombinants (four clones). BootScan analysis showed that three of the four recombinants have different types of recombination breakpoints in both the RT and overlapping hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) region. Given the significance of HBsAg as a diagnostic or vaccination target against HBV infection, clinical implications of these identified recombinants should be studied in the future. To our knowledge, this is the first report on A2/C2 inter-genotype HBV recombinants.
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Affiliation(s)
- So-Young Lee
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Microbiology and Immunology, Liver Research Institute and Cancer Research Institute, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, 28 Yongon-dong, Chongno-gu, Seoul 110-799, Korea.
| | - Seung-Hee Lee
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Microbiology and Immunology, Liver Research Institute and Cancer Research Institute, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, 28 Yongon-dong, Chongno-gu, Seoul 110-799, Korea.
| | - Ji-Eun Kim
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Microbiology and Immunology, Liver Research Institute and Cancer Research Institute, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, 28 Yongon-dong, Chongno-gu, Seoul 110-799, Korea.
| | - Hong Kim
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Microbiology and Immunology, Liver Research Institute and Cancer Research Institute, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, 28 Yongon-dong, Chongno-gu, Seoul 110-799, Korea.
| | - Kijeong Kim
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Chung-Ang University, Seoul 156-756, Korea.
| | - Yoon-Hoh Kook
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Microbiology and Immunology, Liver Research Institute and Cancer Research Institute, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, 28 Yongon-dong, Chongno-gu, Seoul 110-799, Korea.
| | - Bum-Joon Kim
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Microbiology and Immunology, Liver Research Institute and Cancer Research Institute, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, 28 Yongon-dong, Chongno-gu, Seoul 110-799, Korea.
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