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Ceglia V, Zurawski S, Montes M, Kroll M, Bouteau A, Wang Z, Ellis J, Igyártó BZ, Lévy Y, Zurawski G. Anti-CD40 Antibody Fused to CD40 Ligand Is a Superagonist Platform for Adjuvant Intrinsic DC-Targeting Vaccines. Front Immunol 2022; 12:786144. [PMID: 35095862 PMCID: PMC8792972 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.786144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2021] [Accepted: 12/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
CD40 is a potent activating receptor expressed on antigen-presenting cells (APCs) of the immune system. CD40 regulates many aspects of B and T cell immunity via interaction with CD40L expressed on activated T cells. Targeting antigens to CD40 via agonistic anti-CD40 antibody fusions promotes both humoral and cellular immunity, but current anti-CD40 antibody-antigen vaccine prototypes require co-adjuvant administration for significant in vivo efficacy. This may be a consequence of dulling of anti-CD40 agonist activity via antigen fusion. We previously demonstrated that direct fusion of CD40L to anti-CD40 antibodies confers superagonist properties. Here we show that anti-CD40-CD40L-antigen fusion constructs retain strong agonist activity, particularly for activation of dendritic cells (DCs). Therefore, we tested anti-CD40-CD40L antibody fused to antigens for eliciting immune responses in vitro and in vivo. In PBMC cultures from HIV-1-infected donors, anti-CD40-CD40L fused to HIV-1 antigens preferentially expanded HIV-1-specific CD8+ T cells versus CD4+ T cells compared to analogous anti-CD40-antigen constructs. In normal donors, anti-CD40-CD40L-mediated delivery of Influenza M1 protein elicited M1-specific T cell expansion at lower doses compared to anti-CD40-mediated delivery. Also, on human myeloid-derived dendritic cells, anti-CD40-CD40L-melanoma gp100 peptide induced more sustained Class I antigen presentation compared to anti-CD40-gp100 peptide. In human CD40 transgenic mice, anti-CD40-CD40L-HIV-1 gp140 administered without adjuvant elicited superior antibody responses compared to anti-CD40-gp140 antigen without fused CD40L. In human CD40 mice, compared to the anti-CD40 vehicle, anti-CD40-CD40L delivery of Eα 52-68 peptide elicited proliferating of TCR I-Eα 52-68 CD4+ T cells producing cytokine IFNγ. Also, compared to controls, only anti-CD40-CD40L-Cyclin D1 vaccination of human CD40 mice reduced implanted EO771.LMB breast tumor cell growth. These data demonstrate that human CD40-CD40L antibody fused to antigens maintains highly agonistic activity and generates immune responses distinct from existing low agonist anti-CD40 targeting formats. These advantages were in vitro skewing responses towards CD8+ T cells, increased efficacy at low doses, and longevity of MHC Class I peptide display; and in mouse models, a more robust humoral response, more activated CD4+ T cells, and control of tumor growth. Thus, the anti-CD40-CD40L format offers an alternate DC-targeting platform with unique properties, including intrinsic adjuvant activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentina Ceglia
- Baylor Scott and White Research Institute, Dallas, TX, United States.,Université Paris-Est Créteil, Sciences de la Vie et de la Santé, Créteil, France.,Vaccine Research Institute, The Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Unité U955, Institut Mondor de Recherche Biomédicale, Créteil, France
| | - Sandra Zurawski
- Baylor Scott and White Research Institute, Dallas, TX, United States.,Vaccine Research Institute, The Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Unité U955, Institut Mondor de Recherche Biomédicale, Créteil, France
| | - Monica Montes
- Baylor Scott and White Research Institute, Dallas, TX, United States.,Vaccine Research Institute, The Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Unité U955, Institut Mondor de Recherche Biomédicale, Créteil, France
| | - Mitchell Kroll
- Baylor Scott and White Research Institute, Dallas, TX, United States.,Institute of Biomedical Studies, Baylor University, Waco, TX, United States
| | - Aurélie Bouteau
- Institute of Biomedical Studies, Baylor University, Waco, TX, United States.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Zhiqing Wang
- Baylor Scott and White Research Institute, Dallas, TX, United States.,Vaccine Research Institute, The Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Unité U955, Institut Mondor de Recherche Biomédicale, Créteil, France
| | - Jerome Ellis
- Baylor Scott and White Research Institute, Dallas, TX, United States.,Vaccine Research Institute, The Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Unité U955, Institut Mondor de Recherche Biomédicale, Créteil, France
| | - Botond Z Igyártó
- Baylor Scott and White Research Institute, Dallas, TX, United States.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Yves Lévy
- Université Paris-Est Créteil, Sciences de la Vie et de la Santé, Créteil, France.,Vaccine Research Institute, The Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Unité U955, Institut Mondor de Recherche Biomédicale, Créteil, France
| | - Gerard Zurawski
- Baylor Scott and White Research Institute, Dallas, TX, United States.,Vaccine Research Institute, The Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Unité U955, Institut Mondor de Recherche Biomédicale, Créteil, France
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2
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Abstract
Vitamin D is a potent steroid hormone that induces widespread changes in gene expression and controls key biological pathways. Here we review pathophysiology of vitamin D with particular reference to COVID-19 and pancreatic cancer. Utility as a therapeutic agent is limited by hypercalcemic effects and attempts to circumvent this problem have used vitamin D superagonists, with increased efficacy and reduced calcemic effect. A further caveat is that vitamin D mediates multiple diverse effects. Some of these (anti-fibrosis) are likely beneficial in patients with COVID-19 and pancreatic cancer, whereas others (reduced immunity), may be beneficial through attenuation of the cytokine storm in patients with advanced COVID-19, but detrimental in pancreatic cancer. Vitamin D superagonists represent an untapped resource for development of effective therapeutic agents. However, to be successful this approach will require agonists with high cell-tissue specificity.
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Affiliation(s)
- David J. Easty
- Department of Medical Oncology, Our Lady of Lourdes Hospital, Drogheda, Ireland
| | - Christine J. Farr
- Department of Genetics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Bryan T. Hennessy
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland
- Department of Oncology, Our Lady of Lourdes Hospital, Drogheda, Ireland
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3
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Huang H, Meegalla SK, Lanter JC, Winters MP, Zhao S, Littrell J, Qi J, Rady B, Lee PS, Liu J, Martin T, Lam WW, Xu F, Lim HK, Wilde T, Silva J, Otieno M, Pocai A, Player MR. Discovery of a GPR40 Superagonist: The Impact of Aryl Propionic Acid α-Fluorination. ACS Med Chem Lett 2019; 10:16-21. [PMID: 30655940 PMCID: PMC6331191 DOI: 10.1021/acsmedchemlett.8b00444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2018] [Accepted: 12/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
GPR40 is a G-protein-coupled receptor which mediates fatty acid-induced glucose-stimulated insulin secretion from pancreatic beta cells and incretion release from enteroendocrine cells of the small intestine. GPR40 full agonists exhibit superior glucose lowering compared to partial agonists in preclinical species due to increased insulin and GLP-1 secretion, with the added benefit of promoting weight loss. In our search for potent GPR40 full agonists, we discovered a superagonist which displayed excellent in vitro potency and superior efficacy in the Gαs-mediated signaling pathway. Most synthetic GPR40 agonists have a carboxylic acid headgroup, which may cause idiosyncratic toxicities, including drug-induced-liver-injury (DILI). With a methyl group and a fluorine atom substituted at the α-C of the carboxylic acid group, 19 is not only highly efficacious in lowering glucose and body weight in rodent models but also has a low DILI risk due to its stable acylglucuronide metabolite.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Huang
- Departments
of Medicinal Chemistry, Cardiovascular & Metabolism in Vitro Biology, Cardiovascular &
Metabolism in Vivo Pharmacology, andPreclinical Drug Safety, Janssen Research & Development, Welsh and McKean Roads,Spring House, Pennsylvania 19477-0776, United States
| | - Sanath K. Meegalla
- Departments
of Medicinal Chemistry, Cardiovascular & Metabolism in Vitro Biology, Cardiovascular &
Metabolism in Vivo Pharmacology, andPreclinical Drug Safety, Janssen Research & Development, Welsh and McKean Roads,Spring House, Pennsylvania 19477-0776, United States
| | - James C. Lanter
- Departments
of Medicinal Chemistry, Cardiovascular & Metabolism in Vitro Biology, Cardiovascular &
Metabolism in Vivo Pharmacology, andPreclinical Drug Safety, Janssen Research & Development, Welsh and McKean Roads,Spring House, Pennsylvania 19477-0776, United States
| | - Michael P. Winters
- Departments
of Medicinal Chemistry, Cardiovascular & Metabolism in Vitro Biology, Cardiovascular &
Metabolism in Vivo Pharmacology, andPreclinical Drug Safety, Janssen Research & Development, Welsh and McKean Roads,Spring House, Pennsylvania 19477-0776, United States
| | - Shuyuan Zhao
- Departments
of Medicinal Chemistry, Cardiovascular & Metabolism in Vitro Biology, Cardiovascular &
Metabolism in Vivo Pharmacology, andPreclinical Drug Safety, Janssen Research & Development, Welsh and McKean Roads,Spring House, Pennsylvania 19477-0776, United States
| | - James Littrell
- Departments
of Medicinal Chemistry, Cardiovascular & Metabolism in Vitro Biology, Cardiovascular &
Metabolism in Vivo Pharmacology, andPreclinical Drug Safety, Janssen Research & Development, Welsh and McKean Roads,Spring House, Pennsylvania 19477-0776, United States
| | - Jenson Qi
- Departments
of Medicinal Chemistry, Cardiovascular & Metabolism in Vitro Biology, Cardiovascular &
Metabolism in Vivo Pharmacology, andPreclinical Drug Safety, Janssen Research & Development, Welsh and McKean Roads,Spring House, Pennsylvania 19477-0776, United States
| | - Brian Rady
- Departments
of Medicinal Chemistry, Cardiovascular & Metabolism in Vitro Biology, Cardiovascular &
Metabolism in Vivo Pharmacology, andPreclinical Drug Safety, Janssen Research & Development, Welsh and McKean Roads,Spring House, Pennsylvania 19477-0776, United States
| | - Paul S. Lee
- Departments
of Medicinal Chemistry, Cardiovascular & Metabolism in Vitro Biology, Cardiovascular &
Metabolism in Vivo Pharmacology, andPreclinical Drug Safety, Janssen Research & Development, Welsh and McKean Roads,Spring House, Pennsylvania 19477-0776, United States
| | - Jianying Liu
- Departments
of Medicinal Chemistry, Cardiovascular & Metabolism in Vitro Biology, Cardiovascular &
Metabolism in Vivo Pharmacology, andPreclinical Drug Safety, Janssen Research & Development, Welsh and McKean Roads,Spring House, Pennsylvania 19477-0776, United States
| | - Tonya Martin
- Departments
of Medicinal Chemistry, Cardiovascular & Metabolism in Vitro Biology, Cardiovascular &
Metabolism in Vivo Pharmacology, andPreclinical Drug Safety, Janssen Research & Development, Welsh and McKean Roads,Spring House, Pennsylvania 19477-0776, United States
| | - Wing W. Lam
- Departments
of Medicinal Chemistry, Cardiovascular & Metabolism in Vitro Biology, Cardiovascular &
Metabolism in Vivo Pharmacology, andPreclinical Drug Safety, Janssen Research & Development, Welsh and McKean Roads,Spring House, Pennsylvania 19477-0776, United States
| | - Fran Xu
- Departments
of Medicinal Chemistry, Cardiovascular & Metabolism in Vitro Biology, Cardiovascular &
Metabolism in Vivo Pharmacology, andPreclinical Drug Safety, Janssen Research & Development, Welsh and McKean Roads,Spring House, Pennsylvania 19477-0776, United States
| | - Heng Keang Lim
- Departments
of Medicinal Chemistry, Cardiovascular & Metabolism in Vitro Biology, Cardiovascular &
Metabolism in Vivo Pharmacology, andPreclinical Drug Safety, Janssen Research & Development, Welsh and McKean Roads,Spring House, Pennsylvania 19477-0776, United States
| | - Thomas Wilde
- Departments
of Medicinal Chemistry, Cardiovascular & Metabolism in Vitro Biology, Cardiovascular &
Metabolism in Vivo Pharmacology, andPreclinical Drug Safety, Janssen Research & Development, Welsh and McKean Roads,Spring House, Pennsylvania 19477-0776, United States
| | - Jose Silva
- Departments
of Medicinal Chemistry, Cardiovascular & Metabolism in Vitro Biology, Cardiovascular &
Metabolism in Vivo Pharmacology, andPreclinical Drug Safety, Janssen Research & Development, Welsh and McKean Roads,Spring House, Pennsylvania 19477-0776, United States
| | - Monicah Otieno
- Departments
of Medicinal Chemistry, Cardiovascular & Metabolism in Vitro Biology, Cardiovascular &
Metabolism in Vivo Pharmacology, andPreclinical Drug Safety, Janssen Research & Development, Welsh and McKean Roads,Spring House, Pennsylvania 19477-0776, United States
| | - Alessandro Pocai
- Departments
of Medicinal Chemistry, Cardiovascular & Metabolism in Vitro Biology, Cardiovascular &
Metabolism in Vivo Pharmacology, andPreclinical Drug Safety, Janssen Research & Development, Welsh and McKean Roads,Spring House, Pennsylvania 19477-0776, United States
| | - Mark R. Player
- Departments
of Medicinal Chemistry, Cardiovascular & Metabolism in Vitro Biology, Cardiovascular &
Metabolism in Vivo Pharmacology, andPreclinical Drug Safety, Janssen Research & Development, Welsh and McKean Roads,Spring House, Pennsylvania 19477-0776, United States
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Kowalsky SJ, Liu Z, Feist M, Berkey SE, Ma C, Ravindranathan R, Dai E, Roy EJ, Guo ZS, Bartlett DL. Superagonist IL-15-Armed Oncolytic Virus Elicits Potent Antitumor Immunity and Therapy That Are Enhanced with PD-1 Blockade. Mol Ther 2018; 26:2476-2486. [PMID: 30064894 PMCID: PMC6171074 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymthe.2018.07.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2018] [Revised: 07/12/2018] [Accepted: 07/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Oncolytic immunotherapy is a promising novel therapeutic for cancer, and further preclinical studies may maximize its therapeutic efficacy. In this study, we construct a novel oncolytic vaccinia virus (VV) expressing a superagoinst IL-15, a fusion protein of IL-15 and IL-15Ralpha. This virus, named vvDD-IL15-Rα, possesses similar replication efficiency as the parental virus vvDD yet leads to significantly more regression of the disease and extends the survival of mice bearing MC38 colon or ID8 ovarian cancer. This novel virus elicits potent adaptive antitumor immunity as shown by ELISPOT assays for interferon-gamma-secreting CD8+ T cells and by the rejection of tumor implants upon re-challenge in the mice, which were previously cured by vvDD-IL15-Rα treatment. In vivo cell depletion assays with antibodies showed that this antitumor activity is highly dependent on CD8+ T cells but much less so on CD4+ T cells and NK cells. Finally, the combination of the oncolytic immunotherapy with anti-PD-1 antibody dramatically improves the therapeutic outcome compared to either anti-PD-1 alone or vvDD-IL15-Rα alone. These results demonstrate that the IL-15-IL-15Rα fusion protein-expressing OV elicits potent antitumor immunity, and rational combination with PD-1 blockade leads to dramatic tumor regression and prolongs the survival of mice bearing colon or ovarian cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stacy J Kowalsky
- Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Zuqiang Liu
- Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Mathilde Feist
- Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; Department of Surgery, CCM/CVK, Charité - Universitaetsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Sara E Berkey
- Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Congrong Ma
- Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Roshni Ravindranathan
- Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Enyong Dai
- Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Edward J Roy
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Zong Sheng Guo
- Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
| | - David L Bartlett
- Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
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5
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Maolanon AR, Risgaard R, Wang SY, Snoep Y, Papangelis A, Yi F, Holley D, Barslund AF, Svenstrup N, Hansen KB, Clausen RP. Subtype-Specific Agonists for NMDA Receptor Glycine Binding Sites. ACS Chem Neurosci 2017; 8:1681-1687. [PMID: 28514141 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.7b00117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
A series of analogues based on serine as lead structure were designed, and their agonist activities were evaluated at recombinant NMDA receptor subtypes (GluN1/2A-D) using two-electrode voltage-clamp (TEVC) electrophysiology. Pronounced variation in subunit-selectivity, potency, and agonist efficacy was observed in a manner that was dependent on the GluN2 subunit in the NMDA receptor. In particular, compounds 15a and 16a are potent GluN2C-specific superagonists at the GluN1 subunit with agonist efficacies of 398% and 308% compared to glycine. This study demonstrates that subunit-selectivity among glycine site NMDA receptor agonists can be achieved and suggests that glycine-site agonists can be developed as pharmacological tool compounds to study GluN2C-specific effects in NMDA receptor-mediated neurotransmission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alex R. Maolanon
- Department
of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 2, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Rune Risgaard
- Department
of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 2, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Shuang-Yan Wang
- Department
of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 2, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Yoran Snoep
- Department
of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 2, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Athanasios Papangelis
- Department
of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 2, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Feng Yi
- Department
of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Center for Biomolecular
Structure and Dynamics, University of Montana, Missoula, Montana 59812, United States
| | - David Holley
- Department
of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Center for Biomolecular
Structure and Dynamics, University of Montana, Missoula, Montana 59812, United States
| | - Anne F. Barslund
- Department
of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 2, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
- Neuroscience Drug Discovery, H. Lundbeck
A/S, Ottiliavej 9, 2500 Valby, Denmark
| | - Niels Svenstrup
- Neuroscience Drug Discovery, H. Lundbeck
A/S, Ottiliavej 9, 2500 Valby, Denmark
| | - Kasper B. Hansen
- Department
of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Center for Biomolecular
Structure and Dynamics, University of Montana, Missoula, Montana 59812, United States
| | - Rasmus P. Clausen
- Department
of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 2, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
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6
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Mamani S, Moinier D, Denis Y, Soulère L, Queneau Y, Talla E, Bonnefoy V, Guiliani N. Insights into the Quorum Sensing Regulon of the Acidophilic Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans Revealed by Transcriptomic in the Presence of an Acyl Homoserine Lactone Superagonist Analog. Front Microbiol 2016; 7:1365. [PMID: 27683573 PMCID: PMC5021923 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2016.01365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2016] [Accepted: 08/17/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
While a functional quorum sensing system has been identified in the acidophilic chemolithoautotrophic Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans ATCC 23270(T) and shown to modulate cell adhesion to solid substrates, nothing is known about the genes it regulates. To address the question of how quorum sensing controls biofilm formation in A. ferrooxidans (T), the transcriptome of this organism in conditions in which quorum sensing response is stimulated by a synthetic superagonist AHL (N-acyl homoserine lactones) analog has been studied. First, the effect on biofilm formation of a synthetic AHL tetrazolic analog, tetrazole 9c, known for its agonistic QS activity, was assessed by fluorescence and electron microscopy. A fast adherence of A. ferrooxidans (T) cells on sulfur coupons was observed. Then, tetrazole 9c was used in DNA microarray experiments that allowed the identification of genes regulated by quorum sensing signaling, and more particularly, those involved in early biofilm formation. Interestingly, afeI gene, encoding the AHL synthase, but not the A. ferrooxidans quorum sensing transcriptional regulator AfeR encoding gene, was shown to be regulated by quorum sensing. Data indicated that quorum sensing network represents at least 4.5% (141 genes) of the ATCC 23270(T) genome of which 42.5% (60 genes) are related to biofilm formation. Finally, AfeR was shown to bind specifically to the regulatory region of the afeI gene at the level of the palindromic sequence predicted to be the AfeR binding site. Our results give new insights on the response of A. ferrooxidans to quorum sensing and on biofilm biogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sigde Mamani
- Laboratoire de Chimie Bactérienne, Institut de Microbiologie de la Méditerranée, Aix Marseille Université, Centre National de la Recherche ScientifiqueMarseille, France; Laboratorio de Comunicación Bacteriana, Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universitad de ChileSantiago, Chile
| | - Danielle Moinier
- Laboratoire de Chimie Bactérienne, Institut de Microbiologie de la Méditerranée, Aix Marseille Université, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique Marseille, France
| | - Yann Denis
- Plateforme Transcriptome, Institut de Microbiologie de la Méditerranée, Aix Marseille Université, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique Marseille, France
| | - Laurent Soulère
- Université Lyon, Institut National des Sciences Appliquées de Lyon, UMR 5246, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Université Lyon 1, École Supérieure de Chimie Physique Electronique de Lyon, Institut de Chimie et de Biochimie Moléculaires et Supramoléculaires Villeurbanne, France
| | - Yves Queneau
- Université Lyon, Institut National des Sciences Appliquées de Lyon, UMR 5246, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Université Lyon 1, École Supérieure de Chimie Physique Electronique de Lyon, Institut de Chimie et de Biochimie Moléculaires et Supramoléculaires Villeurbanne, France
| | - Emmanuel Talla
- Laboratoire de Chimie Bactérienne, Institut de Microbiologie de la Méditerranée, Aix Marseille Université, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique Marseille, France
| | - Violaine Bonnefoy
- Laboratoire de Chimie Bactérienne, Institut de Microbiologie de la Méditerranée, Aix Marseille Université, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique Marseille, France
| | - Nicolas Guiliani
- Laboratorio de Comunicación Bacteriana, Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universitad de Chile Santiago, Chile
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7
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Steen A, Sparre-Ulrich AH, Thiele S, Guo D, Frimurer TM, Rosenkilde MM. Gating function of isoleucine-116 in TM-3 (position III:16/3.40) for the activity state of the CC-chemokine receptor 5 (CCR5). Br J Pharmacol 2014; 171:1566-79. [PMID: 24328926 DOI: 10.1111/bph.12553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2013] [Revised: 11/25/2013] [Accepted: 12/02/2013] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE A conserved amino acid within a protein family indicates a significance of the residue. In the centre of transmembrane helix (TM)-5, position V:13/5.47, an aromatic amino acid is conserved among class A 7TM receptors. However, in 37% of chemokine receptors - a subgroup of 7TM receptors - it is a leucine indicating an altered function. Here, we describe the significance of this position and its possible interaction with TM-3 for CCR5 activity. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH The effects of [L203F]-CCR5 in TM-5 (position V:13/5.47), [I116A]-CCR5 in TM-3 (III:16/3.40) and [L203F;G286F]-CCR5 (V:13/5.47;VII:09/7.42) were determined in G-protein- and β-arrestin-coupled signalling. Computational modelling monitored changes in amino acid conformation. KEY RESULTS [L203F]-CCR5 increased the basal level of G-protein coupling (20-70% of Emax ) and β-arrestin recruitment (50% of Emax ) with a threefold increase in agonist potency. In silico, [I116A]-CCR5 switched χ1-angle in [L203F]-CCR5. Furthermore, [I116A]-CCR5 was constitutively active to a similar degree as [L203F]-CCR5. Tyr(244) in TM-6 (VI:09/6.44) moved towards TM-5 in silico, consistent with its previously shown function for CCR5 activation. On [L203F;G286F]-CCR5 the antagonist aplaviroc was converted to a superagonist. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS The results imply that an aromatic amino acid in the centre of TM-5 controls the level of receptor activity. Furthermore, Ile(116) acts as a gate for the movement of Tyr(244) towards TM-5 in the active state, a mechanism proposed previously for the β2 -adrenoceptor. The results provide an understanding of chemokine receptor function and thereby information for the development of biased and non-biased antagonists and inverse agonists.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Steen
- Department of Neuroscience and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, The Panum Institute, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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8
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Munder M, Bettelli E, Monney L, Slavik JM, Nicholson LB, Kuchroo VK. Reduced self-reactivity of an autoreactive T cell after activation with cross-reactive non-self-ligand. J Exp Med 2002; 196:1151-62. [PMID: 12417626 PMCID: PMC2194103 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20020390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Autoreactive CD4(+) T lymphocytes are critical to the induction of autoimmune disease, but because of the degenerate nature of T cell receptor (TCR) activation such receptors also respond to other ligands. Interaction of autoreactive T cells with other non-self-ligands has been shown to activate and expand self-reactive cells and induce autoimmunity. To understand the effect on the autoreactivity of naive cross-reactive T cells of activation with a potent nonself ligand, we have generated a TCR transgenic mouse which expresses a TCR with a broad cross-reactivity to a number of ligands including self-antigen. The activation of naive transgenic recombination activating gene (Rag)2(-)(/)(-) T cells with a potent non-self-ligand did not result in a enhancement of reactivity to self, but made these T cells nonresponsive to the self-ligand and anti-CD3, although they retained a degree of responsiveness to the non-self-ligand. These desensitized cells had many characteristics of anergic T cells. Interleukin (IL)-2 production was selectively reduced compared with interferon (IFN)-gamma. p21(ras) activity was reduced and p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) was relatively spared, consistent with known biochemical characteristics of anergy. Surprisingly, calcium fluxes were also affected and the anergic phenotype could not be reversed by exogenous IL-2. Therefore, activation with a hyperstimulating non-self-ligand changes functional specificity of an autoreactive T cell without altering the TCR. This mechanism may preserve the useful reactivity of peripheral T cells to foreign antigen while eliminating responses to self.
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Affiliation(s)
- Markus Munder
- Center for Neurologic Diseases, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
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