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Valipour A, Shah PL, Herth FJ, Pison C, Schumann C, Hübner RH, Bonta PI, Kessler R, Gesierich W, Darwiche K, Lamprecht B, Perez T, Skowasch D, Deslee G, Marceau A, Sciurba FC, Gosens R, Hartman JE, Conway F, Duller M, Mayse M, Norman HS, Slebos DJ. Two-Year Outcomes for the Double-Blind, Randomized, Sham-Controlled Study of Targeted Lung Denervation in Patients with Moderate to Severe COPD: AIRFLOW-2. Int J Chron Obstruct Pulmon Dis 2020; 15:2807-2816. [PMID: 33177818 PMCID: PMC7652218 DOI: 10.2147/copd.s267409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2020] [Accepted: 10/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose COPD exacerbations are associated with worsening clinical outcomes and increased healthcare costs, despite use of optimal medical therapy. A novel bronchoscopic therapy, targeted lung denervation (TLD), which disrupts parasympathetic pulmonary innervation of the lung, has been developed to reduce clinical consequences of cholinergic hyperactivity and its impact on COPD exacerbations. The AIRFLOW-2 study assessed the durability of safety and efficacy of TLD additive to optimal drug therapy compared to sham bronchoscopy and optimal drug therapy alone in subjects with moderate-to-severe, symptomatic COPD two years post randomization. Patients and Methods TLD was performed in COPD patients (FEV1 30-60% predicted, CAT≥10 or mMRC≥2) in a 1:1 randomized, sham-controlled, double-blinded multicenter study (AIRFLOW-2) using a novel lung denervation system (Nuvaira, Inc., USA). Subjects remained blinded until their 12.5-month follow-up visit when control subjects were offered the opportunity to undergo TLD. A time-to-first-event analysis on moderate and severe and severe exacerbations of COPD was performed. Results Eighty-two subjects (FEV1 41.6±7.4% predicted, 50.0% male, age 63.7±6.8 yrs, 24% with prior year respiratory hospitalization) were randomized. Time-to-first severe COPD exacerbation was significantly lengthened in the TLD arm (p=0.04, HR=0.38) at 2 years post-TLD therapy and trended towards similar attenuation for moderate and severe COPD exacerbations (p=0.18, HR=0.71). No significant changes in lung function or SGRQ-C were found 2 years post randomization between groups. Conclusion In a randomized trial, TLD demonstrated a durable effect of significantly lower risk of severe AECOPD over 2 years. Further, lung function and quality of life remained stable following TLD. Clinical Trial Registration NCT02058459.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arschang Valipour
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Karl-Landsteiner-Institute for Lung Research and Pulmonary Oncology, Krankenhaus Nord-Klinik Floridsdorf, Vienna, Austria
| | - Pallav L Shah
- Royal Brompton & Harefield NHS Trust, Chelsea & Westminster Hospital and Imperial College, London, UK
| | - Felix J Herth
- Thoraxklinik, Department of Pneumology and Critical Care Medicine and Translational Lung Research Center Heidelberg (TLRCH), University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Christophe Pison
- CHU Grenoble Alpes, Service Hospitalier Universitaire Pneumologie Physiologie; Université Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble, France
| | - Christian Schumann
- Clinic of Pneumology, Thoracic Oncology, Sleep- and Respiratory Critical Care, Klinikverbund Allgaeu, Kempten and Immenstadt, Germany
| | - Ralf-Harto Hübner
- Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Medizinische Klinik m. Schw. Infektiologie und Pneumologie, Campus Virchow, Berlin, Germany
| | - Peter I Bonta
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Romain Kessler
- Service de Pneumologie, Nouvel Hôpital Civil, Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Wolfgang Gesierich
- Asklepios-Fachkliniken Munich-Gauting, Comprehensive Pneumology Center Munich, Gauting, Germany
| | - Kaid Darwiche
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Section of Interventional Pneumology, Ruhrlandklinik - University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Bernd Lamprecht
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Kepler Universitatsklinikum GmbH, Linz, Austria
| | | | - Dirk Skowasch
- Department of Internal Medicine II - Cardiology/Pneumology, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Gaetan Deslee
- CHU de Reims, Hôpital Maison Blanche, Service de Pneumologie, Reims, France
| | - Armelle Marceau
- Service de Pneumologie, Hôpital Universitaire Bichat, Paris, France
| | - Frank C Sciurba
- University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Reinoud Gosens
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Jorine E Hartman
- Department of Pulmonary Diseases, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Francesca Conway
- Royal Brompton & Harefield NHS Trust, Chelsea & Westminster Hospital and Imperial College, London, UK
| | - Marina Duller
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Karl-Landsteiner-Institute for Lung Research and Pulmonary Oncology, Krankenhaus Nord-Klinik Floridsdorf, Vienna, Austria
| | | | | | - Dirk-Jan Slebos
- Department of Pulmonary Diseases, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - On behalf of the AIRFLOW-2 Trial Study Group
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Karl-Landsteiner-Institute for Lung Research and Pulmonary Oncology, Krankenhaus Nord-Klinik Floridsdorf, Vienna, Austria
- Royal Brompton & Harefield NHS Trust, Chelsea & Westminster Hospital and Imperial College, London, UK
- Thoraxklinik, Department of Pneumology and Critical Care Medicine and Translational Lung Research Center Heidelberg (TLRCH), University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
- CHU Grenoble Alpes, Service Hospitalier Universitaire Pneumologie Physiologie; Université Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble, France
- Clinic of Pneumology, Thoracic Oncology, Sleep- and Respiratory Critical Care, Klinikverbund Allgaeu, Kempten and Immenstadt, Germany
- Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Medizinische Klinik m. Schw. Infektiologie und Pneumologie, Campus Virchow, Berlin, Germany
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Service de Pneumologie, Nouvel Hôpital Civil, Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
- Asklepios-Fachkliniken Munich-Gauting, Comprehensive Pneumology Center Munich, Gauting, Germany
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Section of Interventional Pneumology, Ruhrlandklinik - University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Kepler Universitatsklinikum GmbH, Linz, Austria
- CHU de Lille – Hôpital Calmette, Lille, France
- Department of Internal Medicine II - Cardiology/Pneumology, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
- CHU de Reims, Hôpital Maison Blanche, Service de Pneumologie, Reims, France
- Service de Pneumologie, Hôpital Universitaire Bichat, Paris, France
- University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
- Department of Pulmonary Diseases, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
- Nuvaira, Inc., Minneapolis, MN, USA
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Slebos DJ, Shah PL, Herth FJF, Pison C, Schumann C, Hübner RH, Bonta PI, Kessler R, Gesierich W, Darwiche K, Lamprecht B, Perez T, Skowasch D, Deslee G, Marceau A, Sciurba FC, Gosens R, Hartman JE, Srikanthan K, Duller M, Valipour A. Safety and Adverse Events after Targeted Lung Denervation for Symptomatic Moderate to Severe Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (AIRFLOW). A Multicenter Randomized Controlled Clinical Trial. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2020; 200:1477-1486. [PMID: 31404499 PMCID: PMC6909835 DOI: 10.1164/rccm.201903-0624oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Rationale: Targeted lung denervation (TLD) is a bronchoscopic radiofrequency ablation therapy for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), which durably disrupts parasympathetic pulmonary nerves to decrease airway resistance and mucus hypersecretion. Objectives: To determine the safety and impact of TLD on respiratory adverse events. Methods: We conducted a multicenter, randomized, sham bronchoscopy–controlled, double-blind trial in patients with symptomatic (modified Medical Research Council dyspnea scale score, ≥2; or COPD Assessment Test score, ≥10) COPD (FEV1, 30–60% predicted). The primary endpoint was the rate of respiratory adverse events between 3 and 6.5 months after randomization (defined as COPD exacerbation, tachypnea, wheezing, worsening bronchitis, worsening dyspnea, influenza, pneumonia, other respiratory infections, respiratory failure, or airway effects requiring therapeutic intervention). Blinding was maintained through 12.5 months. Measurements and Main Results: Eighty-two patients (50% female; mean ± SD: age, 63.7 ± 6.8 yr; FEV1, 41.6 ± 7.3% predicted; modified Medical Research Council dyspnea scale score, 2.2 ± 0.7; COPD Assessment Test score, 18.4 ± 6.1) were randomized 1:1. During the predefined 3- to 6.5-month window, patients in the TLD group experienced significantly fewer respiratory adverse events than those in the sham group (32% vs. 71%, P = 0.008; odds ratio, 0.19; 95% confidence interval, 0.0750–0.4923, P = 0.0006). Between 0 and 12.5 months, these findings were not different (83% vs. 90%; P = 0.52). The risk of COPD exacerbation requiring hospitalization in the 0- to 12.5-month window was significantly lower in the TLD group than in the sham group (hazard ratio, 0.35; 95% confidence interval, 0.13–0.99; P = 0.039). There was no statistical difference in the time to first moderate or severe COPD exacerbation, patient-reported symptoms, or other physiologic measures over the 12.5 months of follow-up. Conclusions: Patients with symptomatic COPD treated with TLD combined with optimal pharmacotherapy had fewer study-defined respiratory adverse events, including hospitalizations for COPD exacerbation. Clinical trial registered with www.clinicaltrials.gov (NCT02058459).
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Pallav L Shah
- Royal Brompton & Harefield NHS Trust, Chelsea & Westminster Hospital and Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Felix J F Herth
- Department of Pneumology and Critical Care Medicine, Thoraxklinik, and.,Translational Lung Research Center Heidelberg, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Christophe Pison
- CHU Grenoble Alpes, Service Universitaire Pneumologie Physiologie, Université Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble, France
| | - Christian Schumann
- Clinic of Pneumology, Thoracic Oncology, Sleep and Respiratory Critical Care, Klinikverbund Kempten-Oberallgäu, Kempten and Immenstadt, Germany
| | - Ralf-Harto Hübner
- Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Medizinische Klinik m. Schw. Infektiologie und Pneumologie, Campus Virchow, Berlin, Germany
| | - Peter I Bonta
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Romain Kessler
- Service de Pneumologie, Nouvel Hôpital Civil, Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Wolfgang Gesierich
- Asklepios-Fachkliniken Munich-Gauting, Comprehensive Pneumology Center Munich, Gauting, Germany
| | - Kaid Darwiche
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Section of Interventional Pneumology, Ruhrlandklinik-University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Bernd Lamprecht
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Kepler Universitatsklinikum GmbH, Linz, Austria
| | | | - Dirk Skowasch
- Department of Internal Medicine II-Cardiology/Pneumology, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Gaetan Deslee
- CHU de Reims, Hôpital Maison Blanche, Service de Pneumologie, Reims, France
| | - Armelle Marceau
- Service de Pneumologie, Hôpital Universitaire Bichat, Paris, France
| | - Frank C Sciurba
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Reinoud Gosens
- University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania; and
| | | | - Karthi Srikanthan
- Royal Brompton & Harefield NHS Trust, Chelsea & Westminster Hospital and Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Marina Duller
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Karl-Landsteiner-Institute for Lung Research and Pulmonary Oncology, Krankenhaus Nord-Klinik Floridsdorf, Vienna, Austria
| | - Arschang Valipour
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Karl-Landsteiner-Institute for Lung Research and Pulmonary Oncology, Krankenhaus Nord-Klinik Floridsdorf, Vienna, Austria
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Abstract
Parasympathetic efferent innervation of the lung is the primary source of lung acetylcholine. Inhaled long-acting anticholinergics improve lung function and symptoms in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Targeted lung denervation (TLD), a bronchoscopic procedure intended to disrupt pulmonary parasympathetic inputs, is an experimental treatment for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. The physiologic and histologic effects of TLD have not previously been assessed. Eleven sheep and two dogs underwent circumferential ablation of the main bronchi with simultaneous balloon surface cooling using a lung denervation system (Nuvaira, Inc., Minneapolis, MN). Changes in pulmonary air flow resistance were monitored before and following TLD. Four animals were assessed for the presence or abolishment of the sensory axon-mediated Hering-Breuer reflex before and following TLD. Six sheep were histologically evaluated 30 days post-TLD for the extent of lung denervation (axonal staining) and effect on peribronchial structures near the treatment site. No adverse clinical effects were seen in any treated animals. TLD produced a ~30% reduction in pulmonary resistance and abolished the sensory-mediated Hering-Breuer reflex. Axonal staining was consistently decreased 60% at 30 days after TLD. All treated airways exhibited 100% epithelial integrity. Damage to other peribronchial structures was minimal. Tissue 1 cm proximal and distal to the treatment was normal, and the esophagus and periesophageal vagus nerve branches were unaffected. TLD treatment effectively denervates the lung while protecting the bronchial epithelium and minimizing effects on peribronchial structures. NEW & NOTEWORTHY The feasibility of targeted lung denervation, a new minimally invasive therapy for obstructive lung disease, has been demonstrated in humans with preliminary clinical studies demonstrating improvement in symptoms, pulmonary function, and exercise capacity in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. This preclinical animal study demonstrates the ability of targeted lung denervation to disrupt vagal inputs to the lung and details its physiologic and histopathologic effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- James P Hummel
- Division of Cardiology, University of Wisconsin , Madison, Wisconsin
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