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Wei H, Zhang S, Qu W, Liu M, Yan Z, Luan X. The association between team cohesion and performance: A network analysis of nurses. Nurs Health Sci 2024; 26:e13089. [PMID: 38356046 DOI: 10.1111/nhs.13089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2023] [Revised: 01/03/2024] [Accepted: 01/07/2024] [Indexed: 02/16/2024]
Abstract
Team cohesion, as a necessary condition for the cooperation and development of a team, has been shown to have a strong association with team performance. However, the mechanism of this internal correlation is unclear and more in-depth studies are lacking. The study aimed to explore the complex links between the dimensions of team cohesion and performance in nurses. A total of 1639 practice nurses from 118 nursing teams were included in this cross-sectional study. Data were collected using the Team Cohesion Scale (including consistency of affection, behavior, and cognition) and the Team Effectiveness Scale (including cooperation satisfaction, and task performance). Using network analysis, the team cohesion and performance network was constructed, and the strength and bridge strength of nodes were calculated. The results showed that the edges between team cohesion and performance dimensions were all positively correlated. Cooperation satisfaction and consistency of affection are the core variables in the network. Interventions targeting cooperation satisfaction and consistency of affection need to be developed at the team level to maximize team cohesion and performance among nurses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huimin Wei
- School of Nursing and Rehabilitation, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Simeng Zhang
- School of Nursing and Rehabilitation, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Wenran Qu
- School of Nursing and Rehabilitation, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Mengqi Liu
- School of Nursing and Rehabilitation, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Zeping Yan
- School of Nursing and Rehabilitation, Shandong University, Jinan, China
- University of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, Qingdao, China
| | - Xiaorong Luan
- School of Nursing and Rehabilitation, Shandong University, Jinan, China
- Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
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Edelmann CM, Boen F, Stouten J, Vande Broek G, Fransen K. The Power of Peer Leaders: Exploring the Link between Peer Leadership Behaviors and Sustainable Work Outcomes. Behav Sci (Basel) 2023; 14:2. [PMID: 38275344 PMCID: PMC10813210 DOI: 10.3390/bs14010002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2023] [Revised: 12/13/2023] [Accepted: 12/14/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Most leadership studies primarily focus on formal leaders, often overlooking the influence of leaders within the team. While prior research has shown that peer leaders can have a beneficial impact on various team outcomes, it is yet unclear which peer leadership behaviors precisely foster a supportive and sustainable work environment. Building upon the recent identification of 10 peer leadership roles and 37 underlying functions, the current study aims to investigate the relationships between these peer leadership roles and functions and key outcomes (i.e., job satisfaction, team cohesion, team effectiveness, and OCB). A total of 31 organizational teams, comprising 182 employees from diverse sectors, participated in a quantitative survey. Employing multilevel modeling analysis, the findings demonstrated that each leadership role and nearly every function predicted at least one outcome, highlighting their significance within organizational teams. Additionally, Necessary Condition Analysis revealed that specific roles and functions were necessary for generating one or more outcomes. Finally, we found that most of the significant relationships remained consistent across teams, regardless of their size, tenure, or level of team identification. These findings refine our understanding of shared leadership and how peer leaders can create a sustainable workplace by fostering employee well-being and productivity in organizational teams.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charlotte M. Edelmann
- Department of Movement Sciences, KU Leuven, Tervuursevest 101, P.O. Box 1500, 3001 Leuven, Belgium; (F.B.); (G.V.B.)
| | - Filip Boen
- Department of Movement Sciences, KU Leuven, Tervuursevest 101, P.O. Box 1500, 3001 Leuven, Belgium; (F.B.); (G.V.B.)
| | - Jeroen Stouten
- Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, KU Leuven, Dekenstraat 2, P.O. Box 3725, 3000 Leuven, Belgium;
| | - Gert Vande Broek
- Department of Movement Sciences, KU Leuven, Tervuursevest 101, P.O. Box 1500, 3001 Leuven, Belgium; (F.B.); (G.V.B.)
| | - Katrien Fransen
- Department of Movement Sciences, KU Leuven, Tervuursevest 101, P.O. Box 1500, 3001 Leuven, Belgium; (F.B.); (G.V.B.)
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Bae SH, Kim S, Myung H. Mediating effects of workgroup processes on the relationship between nurse turnover and nurse outcomes in hospitals. Front Public Health 2023; 11:1255983. [PMID: 38074708 PMCID: PMC10701376 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2023.1255983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2023] [Accepted: 11/08/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Nurse turnover is often considered to be an outcome, and few studies have investigated its consequences in nursing care. The underlying mechanism of the nurse turnover-nurse outcome relationship has not been empirically investigated. Therefore, this study examines workgroup processes and nurse outcomes as the consequences of nurse turnover and the mediating effect of workgroup processes on the nurse turnover-nurse outcomes relationship. Methods A cross-sectional design was adopted to investigate the data collected from 264 staff nurses. Furthermore, six-month turnover rates, workgroup processes (nurse-nurse collaboration, team cohesion), and nurse outcomes (job satisfaction, intent to leave) were utilized in the multivariate regression models. Results Overall, 53 (24.4%) nurses had worked in nursing units with a zero six-month turnover rate. The average mean six-month turnover rate was 15.5%. Nurse turnover adversely affected nurses' job satisfaction and several subscales of team cohesion including task cohesion and social cohesion. Team cohesion partially mediated the relationship between nurse turnover and job satisfaction. Conclusion Nurse turnover decreased job satisfaction and team cohesion, and team cohesion partially mediated the nurse turnover-nurse outcomes relationship. These findings provide evidence supporting the significant adverse effects of nurse turnover and suggest the potential role of workgroup processes in explaining the underlying mechanism of the relationship between nurse turnover and nurse outcomes. Implications for nursing and health policy Healthcare organizations must create a positive work environment to reduce nurse turnover. Further, states and countries should try to develop and establish nursing and health policies to prevent turnover.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sung-Heui Bae
- College of Nursing, Graduate Program in System Health Science and Engineering, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Robinson D, Beaumont G. Making Surgery as Safe as It Should Be: A Qualitative Study. Am J Med Qual 2023; 38:238-244. [PMID: 37503856 PMCID: PMC10484182 DOI: 10.1097/jmq.0000000000000139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/29/2023]
Abstract
Existing literature supports the view that adverse outcomes from surgical interventions are more likely to be the result of degraded nontechnical skills (NTS) rather than the technical skills of surgeons. In the present context, NTS comprise the behaviors and cognitions deployed by surgeons to make decisions, maintain awareness of the operating environment, communicate with and lead supporting personnel. A contemporary safety thesis suggests that focusing on what makes things go right (eg, NTS) is far more productive than retrospective analysis (learning from mistakes). The present qualitative research explored how surgeons deploy NTS to facilitate safe and effective outcomes from surgical interventions. The thematic analysis revealed that this surgical cohort engaged specific self-regulated NTS along an intervention construct consisting of planning, implementation, monitoring progress, and deliberate learning through reflection during the preoperative, operative, and postoperative phases of care. Behaviors supporting these contentions were identified in the data and used to amplify use of the construct.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Graham Beaumont
- Australia and New Zealand Audit of Surgical Mortality (ANZASM), Melbourne, VIC, Australia
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Paganin G, Avanzi L, Guglielmi D, Alcover CM, Mazzetti G. How Emotional Contagion among Teachers Affects the Relationship between Transformational Leadership and Team Cohesion. Behav Sci (Basel) 2023; 13:685. [PMID: 37622825 PMCID: PMC10451881 DOI: 10.3390/bs13080685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Revised: 08/07/2023] [Accepted: 08/14/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Teachers and educators are experiencing turmoil under the drastic changes in educational practices caused by the COVID-19 pandemic. According to research, transformational leaders effectively facilitate organizational change by fostering teachers' sense of belonging and boosting social identity in their team members, which can result in better team well-being via higher team cohesion. Recently, research has increasingly explored the role of emotional contagion and its relationship with leadership. Accordingly, the current study aims to delve deeper into the role of emotional contagion in linking transformational leadership to cohesion among teachers in the school setting. To this purpose, 581 teachers from northern Italy filled out a self-report questionnaire (72.1% female, Mage = 47.06, and SDage = 11.42). A moderated mediation model was tested to assess the mediating role of organizational identification in the relationship between transformational leadership and team cohesion and how emotional contagion may moderate this association. The obtained results provided support to the hypothesized model. Overall, the present study corroborates the critical role of school principals' behavior in fostering greater organizational identification among teachers, which is associated with better team cohesion. This study constitutes an early attempt to gain more insight into the role of emotional variables in explaining the influence of leadership behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Paganin
- Department of Medical and Surgical Science, University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Avanzi
- Department of Psychology and Cognitive Sciences, University of Trento, 38068 Rovereto, Italy
| | - Dina Guglielmi
- Department of Educational Science, University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | | | - Greta Mazzetti
- Department of Educational Science, University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy
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Ashford M, Taylor J, Payne J, Waldouck D, Collins D. "Getting on the same page" enhancing team performance with shared mental models-case studies of evidence informed practice in elite sport. Front Sports Act Living 2023; 5:1057143. [PMID: 37325796 PMCID: PMC10266230 DOI: 10.3389/fspor.2023.1057143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2022] [Accepted: 05/08/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Within high performing, team invasion sports, collective decision making and coordination between teammates are essential characteristics. There is a wealth of evidence supportive of shared mental models as being an important construct to underpin team coordination. Yet, to this point, there is limited research considering the coaches' voices in the application of shared mental models in high performance sport, nor the challenges coaches face throughout the process. Given these limitations, we provide two case studies of evidence informed practice which privilege the voice of coaches who work in elite rugby union. In doing so, we aim to offer a deeper insight regarding the development, implementation, and continued use of shared mental models to enhance performance. Through these first-person case studies, we present the development of two shared mental models and the processes taken, challenges faced, and coaching methods used to underpin them. The case studies are then discussed with implications for coaches' practice supporting the development of their players' collective decision making.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Ashford
- Grey Matters Performance Ltd, Stratford Upon Avon, United Kingdom
- Moray House of Education, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Jamie Taylor
- Grey Matters Performance Ltd, Stratford Upon Avon, United Kingdom
- Moray House of Education, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
- Faculty of Science and Health, School of Health and Human Performance, Dublin City University, Dublin, Ireland
- Insight SFI Centre for Data Analytics, Dublin City University, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Jared Payne
- Independent Researcher, Belfast, United Kingdom
| | - Dom Waldouck
- Gloucester Rugby Football Union Club, Gloucester, United Kingdom
| | - Dave Collins
- Grey Matters Performance Ltd, Stratford Upon Avon, United Kingdom
- Moray House of Education, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
- Faculty of Science and Health, School of Health and Human Performance, Dublin City University, Dublin, Ireland
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Yildirim S, Yildiz A, Türkeri Bozkurt H, Bilgin E, Yüksel Y, Koruç Z. THE ASSOCIATIONS OF TRANSFORMATIONAL LEADERSHIP AND TEAM COHESION ON THE PSYCHOLOGICAL HEALTH OF YOUNG FOOTBALL PLAYERS THROUGH BASIC PSYCHOLOGICAL NEEDS. SCI MED FOOTBALL 2023:1-10. [PMID: 36951971 DOI: 10.1080/24733938.2023.2194287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/24/2023]
Abstract
The present study examined the associations of transformational leadership behaviors and team cohesion with the psychological health (life satisfaction, positive and negative affect, and burnout) of athletes and the indirect relationship of basic psychological needs. The sample consisted of 252 (boys) players aged between 13 and 15. The model data fit was also verified. The results demonstrated that the transformational leadership behaviors of coaches were indirectly related to athletes' psychological health. Team cohesion was related to athletes' psychological health both directly and indirectly. Basic psychological needs played an indirect role in these relationships. Transformational leadership and team cohesion have important implications for the healthy development of young people.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sinan Yildirim
- Faculty of Sport Sciences, Pamukkale University, Denizli, Turkey
| | - Alper Yildiz
- Faculty of Sport Sciences, Pamukkale University, Denizli, Turkey
| | | | - Emre Bilgin
- Faculty of Sport Sciences, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Yılmaz Yüksel
- Hasan Doğan School of Physical Education and Sports, Karabük University, Karabük, Turkey
| | - Ziya Koruç
- Faculty of Sport Sciences, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
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Reizer A, Harel T, Ben-Shalom U. Helping Others Results in Helping Yourself: How Well-Being Is Shaped by Agreeableness and Perceived Team Cohesion. Behav Sci (Basel) 2023; 13. [PMID: 36829379 DOI: 10.3390/bs13020150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2023] [Revised: 02/05/2023] [Accepted: 02/06/2023] [Indexed: 02/12/2023] Open
Abstract
This longitudinal research explores team cohesion as a potential mediator explaining the associations between agreeableness as a personality trait and well-being. Additionally, the study examines whether the leader offering support moderates the mediating role of perceived group cohesion. The sample consists of male military personnel (N = 648) from six different units. The longitudinal design examined two time points, T1 and T2, during the soldiers' training period. The PROCESS macro for SPSS was utilized to determine the significance of the moderator and the mediation effect. The results indicate that an agreeable personality and team cohesion at T1 predicted increased well-being at T2 (two months later). In addition, the moderated mediation hypothesis was significant, indicating that when leaders offered more support, the indirect link between an agreeable personality and well-being via team cohesion was stronger than when they offered less. The findings suggest that an agreeable personality and leader support are important in the organizational domain, and these variables promote well-being. By understanding the contribution of both external and internal sources of support to soldiers' well-being, intervention plans can be developed to lessen the stressors of their mental well-being and help them reach their maximum potential.
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Makowski L, Schrader H, Parisi S, Ehlers-Mondorf J, Joos S, Kaduszkiewicz H, Gágyor I. German general practitioners' experiences during the COVID-19 pandemic and how it affected their patient care: A qualitative study. Eur J Gen Pract 2023:2156498. [PMID: 36722333 DOI: 10.1080/13814788.2022.2156498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND General practitioners (GPs) play a significant role in providing medical care to patients affected by the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Little is known about the impact of the pandemic on patient care from the perspective of GPs. OBJECTIVES To gain insight into GPs' experiences of the COVID-19 pandemic and its impact on patient care in Germany. METHODS From August to December 2020, qualitative, semi-structured telephone interviews were conducted with 22 GPs from four randomly selected federal states in Germany. We analysed the data according to Kuckartz's method of content analysis. RESULTS Five themes emerged: changes in healthcare system, practice routines, patient care, personal life, and improving health crisis preparedness. Communication with authorities and following rapidly changing guidelines were the biggest challenges during the pandemic. Teamwork and collegial exchange in the practice were seen as important sources of support to overcome these barriers. Participants stated that they managed to secure care but expressed concerns about how social distancing might affect the doctor-patient relationship. In their professional and private lives, GPs perceived themselves as role models with a high responsibility for the health of others. Consistent guidance by health authorities and reliable information were raised as necessary for managing patient care in the pandemic. CONCLUSION Findings show that patient care was successful but GPs' adaptation to unprecedented conditions was limited by poor communication and collaboration with health authorities. Therefore, providing adequate support services by policymakers is essential to strengthen primary care in future health crises.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa Makowski
- Department of General Practice, University Hospital Wuerzburg, Wuerzburg, Germany
| | - Hanna Schrader
- Department of General Practice, University Hospital Wuerzburg, Wuerzburg, Germany
| | - Sandra Parisi
- Department of General Practice, University Hospital Wuerzburg, Wuerzburg, Germany
| | | | - Stefanie Joos
- Institute for General Practice and Interprofessional Healthcare, University Hospital Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
| | | | - Ildikó Gágyor
- Department of General Practice, University Hospital Wuerzburg, Wuerzburg, Germany
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Bedir D, Agduman F, Bedir F, Erhan SE. The mediator role of communication skill in the relationship between empathy, team cohesion, and competition performance in curlers. Front Psychol 2023; 14:1115402. [PMID: 36874810 PMCID: PMC9978815 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1115402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2022] [Accepted: 01/25/2023] [Indexed: 02/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Understanding the psycho-social factors such as communication, empathy, cohesion, etc., that affect successful athletic performance is a high priority and primary focus for applied sports psychology. Detailed examination of the athletes' psycho-social characteristics is essential in revealing which processes play an active role in achieving optimum performance. Developing these features of the athlete can contribute to coordinating the team, sharing tasks, increasing motivation, preparing team members for a change, and improving performance. For this purpose, the mediating role of communication skills in the relationship between empathy, team cohesion, and competition performance was examined in a sample of 241 curlers competing in 69 teams in the Turkish Curling League in the 2021-2022 season. During the data collection process, Personal Information Form, Empathic Tendency Scale, Scale for Effective Communication in Team Sport, and Group Environment Questionnaire were used. Competition performance was calculated by giving 1 point for each match won by the teams in the competitions in which the single-circuit round-robin system is applied. Structural equation modeling was used in data analysis to determine the direct and indirect predictive effects between variables. The study showed that empathy and team cohesion predict competition performance through communication skills, and communication skills fully mediate this relationship. Based on the research results, it was evaluated that communication skills have a substantial effect on the competitive performance of athletes, and this finding was discussed in the context of the literature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deniz Bedir
- Faculty of Sport Sciences, Erzurum Technical University, Erzurum, Türkiye
| | - Fatih Agduman
- Faculty of Sport Sciences, Ataturk University, Erzurum, Türkiye
| | - Fatih Bedir
- Faculty of Sport Sciences, Ataturk University, Erzurum, Türkiye
| | - Suleyman Erim Erhan
- College of Physical Education and Sports, Tekirdag Namik Kemal University, Tekirdag, Türkiye
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Keith MJ, Dean DL, Gaskin J, Anderson G. Team Building Through Team Video Games: Randomized Controlled Trial. JMIR Serious Games 2021; 9:e28896. [PMID: 34904954 PMCID: PMC8715357 DOI: 10.2196/28896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2021] [Revised: 08/02/2021] [Accepted: 09/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Organizations of all types require the use of teams. Poor team member engagement costs billions of US dollars annually. Objective This study aimed to explain how team building can be accomplished with team video gaming based on a team cohesion model enhanced by team flow theory. Methods In this controlled experiment, teams were randomly assigned to a team video gaming treatment or a control treatment. Team productivity was measured during both pretreatment and posttreatment team tasks. After the pretest, teams who were involved in the team video gaming treatment competed against other teams by playing the Halo or Rock Band video game for 45 minutes. After the pretest, teams in the control treatment worked alone for 45 minutes. Then, all teams completed the posttest team activity. This same experimental protocol was conducted on 2 different team tasks. Results For both tasks, teams in the team video gaming treatment increased their productivity significantly more (F1=8.760, P=.004) on the posttest task than teams in the control treatment. Our flow-based theoretical model explained team performance improvement more than twice as well (R2=40.6%) than prior related research (R2=18.5%). Conclusions The focused immersion caused by team video gaming increased team performance while the enjoyment component of flow decreased team performance on the posttest. Both flow and team cohesion contributed to team performance, with flow contributing more than cohesion. Team video gaming did not increase team cohesion, so team video gaming effects are independent of cohesion. Team video gaming is a valid practical method for developing and improving newly formed teams.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark J Keith
- Information Systems Department, Marriott School of Business, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT, United States
| | - Douglas L Dean
- Information Systems Department, Marriott School of Business, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT, United States
| | - James Gaskin
- Information Systems Department, Marriott School of Business, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT, United States
| | - Greg Anderson
- Information Systems Department, Marriott School of Business, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT, United States
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Walter JK, Hill DL, Schall TE, Szymczak JE, Parikh S, DiDomenico C, Carroll KW, Nye RT, Feudtner C. An Interprofessional Team-Based Intervention to Address Barriers to Initiating Palliative Care in Pediatric Oncology: A Multiple-Method Evaluation of Feasibility, Acceptability, and Impact. J Pain Symptom Manage 2021; 62:1135-1144. [PMID: 34153461 PMCID: PMC8648922 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpainsymman.2021.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2021] [Revised: 06/08/2021] [Accepted: 06/11/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT Many children with advanced cancer are not referred to palliative care despite both professional recommendations to do so and bereaved parental preference for earlier support from sub-specialty palliative care. OBJECTIVES To assess the feasibility, acceptability, and impact of an adaptive intervention to address individual and team-level barriers to specialty palliative care referrals. METHODS A multiple-method approach assessed feasibility and acceptability among clinicians from pediatric oncology teams at a single institution. Quantitative measures of comfort with palliative care consultations, team cohesion, and team collaboration were conducted before and after the intervention. Number of palliative care consults were examined before, during, and after sessions. Intervention satisfaction surveys and qualitative interviews were conducted after the intervention. RESULTS Twenty-six team members (90% of consented) attended at least one intervention session with 20 (69%) participants completing 75% or more sessions. The intervention was modified in response to participant feedback. After the intervention, participants reported greater team cohesion, comfort discussing palliative care consultation, team collaboration, process satisfaction, and decision satisfaction. Participants agreed that the training was useful, effective, helpful, and worthwhile, that they would use the skills, and that they would recommend the training to other providers. The numbers of palliative care consults increased before intervention sessions were conducted, but did not significantly change during or after the sessions. In the interviews, participants reported overall favorably regarding the intervention with some participants reporting changes in practice. CONCLUSION An adaptive intervention to reduce barriers to initiating palliative care for pediatric oncology teams is feasible and acceptable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer K Walter
- Children's Hospital of Philadelphia (J.K.W., D.L.H., T.E.S., S.P., C.D., K.W.C., C.F.,), Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA; Justin Ingerman Center for Palliative Care (J.K.W., S.P., C.F.), Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Douglas L Hill
- Children's Hospital of Philadelphia (J.K.W., D.L.H., T.E.S., S.P., C.D., K.W.C., C.F.,), Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.
| | - Theodore E Schall
- Children's Hospital of Philadelphia (J.K.W., D.L.H., T.E.S., S.P., C.D., K.W.C., C.F.,), Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Julia E Szymczak
- Department of Biostatistics, Epidemiology and Informatics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania (J.E.S.), Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Shefali Parikh
- Children's Hospital of Philadelphia (J.K.W., D.L.H., T.E.S., S.P., C.D., K.W.C., C.F.,), Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA; Justin Ingerman Center for Palliative Care (J.K.W., S.P., C.F.), Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Connie DiDomenico
- Children's Hospital of Philadelphia (J.K.W., D.L.H., T.E.S., S.P., C.D., K.W.C., C.F.,), Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA; Division of Pediatric Oncology (C.D.), Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Karen W Carroll
- Children's Hospital of Philadelphia (J.K.W., D.L.H., T.E.S., S.P., C.D., K.W.C., C.F.,), Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Russell T Nye
- Children's Hospital of Philadelphia (J.K.W., D.L.H., T.E.S., S.P., C.D., K.W.C., C.F.,), Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Chris Feudtner
- Children's Hospital of Philadelphia (J.K.W., D.L.H., T.E.S., S.P., C.D., K.W.C., C.F.,), Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA; Justin Ingerman Center for Palliative Care (J.K.W., S.P., C.F.), Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
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Abstract
The social environment within individual sport teams can have a significant influence on the success, development, and well-being of athletes. We explored elite individual sport athletes' group experiences through the lens of social identity theorising. Participants were six members (4 male, 2 female, Mage = 21.5 years) of a National Development Nordic Ski team. At two time points in the competitive season, we used Social Identity Mapping (Bentley et al., 2020) in combination with semi-structured interviews to explore athletes' experiences as a member of the ski team. Social Identity Mapping provided a visual representation of each participant's social identities and was used to facilitate athletes' views of their group experiences in the semi-structured interviews. Interview data were thematically analysed to explicate participants' perceptions of social identity and cohesion, and their perceived relevance to success and development in elite individual sport. Major themes included social group memberships and identities, the presence of subgroups, the ebb and flow of cohesion and conflict, and teammate and coach influence on the group. On this basis, we argue that social identity mapping can be a valuable resource for athletes and coaches seeking to create a positive and cohesive team environment within an elite individual sport team.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Alex J Benson
- Department of Psychology, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada
| | - Tegan Cruwys
- School of Psychology, The Australian National University, Canberra, Australia
| | | | - Mark W Bruner
- School of Physical and Health Education, Nipissing University, North Bay, ON, Canada
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14
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Li J, Jia L, Cai Y, Kwan HK, You S. Employee-Organization Relationships and Team Performance: Role of Team Collective Efficacy. Front Psychol 2020; 11:206. [PMID: 32210860 PMCID: PMC7067981 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2020.00206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2019] [Accepted: 01/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Besides the previous social relationship perspective of employee-organization relationship (EOR) research, this study takes the social cognitive perspective to explore the role of team collective efficacy in mediating the relationship between EORs and team performance. This study further contends that team cohesion moderates the positive relationship between collective efficacy and team performance, thereby moderating the indirect relationship between EORs and team performance through collective efficacy. Data analyses of 231 teams in Study 1 and 63 teams in Study 2 support the hypotheses. Therefore, this study provides theoretical contributions to the EOR literature by introducing a new perspective at the team level and to the social cognitive literature by discussing a boundary condition of the effect of collective efficacy on team performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juexing Li
- Department of Business Administration, School of Management, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Liangding Jia
- Department of Business Administration, School of Management, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yahua Cai
- Department of Human Resource Management, School of Business, Shanghai University of Finance and Economics, Shanghai, China
| | - Ho Kwong Kwan
- Department of Organizational Behavior and Human Resource Management, China Europe International Business School (CEIBS), Shanghai, China
| | - Shuyang You
- Department of Business Administration, School of Business Administration, Dongbei University of Finance and Economics, Dalian, China
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15
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Michel G. [Promoting physical activity and strengthening team cohesion]. Rev Infirm 2019; 68:32. [PMID: 31587849 DOI: 10.1016/j.revinf.2019.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
The inauguration of a fitness path at the Carémeau University Hospital Campus was an opportunity for teams at the Nîmes University Hospital Centre to participate in an inter-service Nordic walking challenge. It was an opportunity to discover a particular sporting discipline, promote team cohesion in services and enjoy physical activity in a friendly atmosphere.
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Affiliation(s)
- Galdric Michel
- Direction générale, centre hospitalier universitaire de Nîmes, 4, rue du Professeur-Robert-Debré, 30029 Nîmes, France.
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16
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Dixon MA, Williams-Wonnum SJ, Alley ES, Hyer SM. Integrating principles of military team development into family medicine education. Int J Psychiatry Med 2019; 54:336-343. [PMID: 31282777 DOI: 10.1177/0091217419861560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
The United States military is an organization composed of teams of various sizes and functions. The development of effective teams is comprised of several components: leadership, followership, training, and development of team traits. This article reviews the literature and military doctrines surrounding these components to establish a conceptual model of team development. This model is intended to summarize military team development principles and to facilitate team functioning and development within medical settings. Organizational values, leader attributes and competencies, and the role of team members are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark A Dixon
- 1 Family Medicine Residency, Nellis Air Force Base
| | | | - Ebon S Alley
- 3 Family Medicine Residency, Travis AFB, CA, USA
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17
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Farland MZ, Feng X, Behar-Horenstein LS, Beck DE. Impact of Team Formation Method on Student Team Performance Across Multiple Courses Incorporating Team-based Learning. Am J Pharm Educ 2019; 83:7030. [PMID: 31507293 PMCID: PMC6718507 DOI: 10.5688/ajpe7030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2018] [Accepted: 05/21/2018] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Objective. To assess the impact of forming student learning teams based on problem solving styles on team performance and student perceptions of team quality. Methods. This was a prospective observational study involving students in the first year of a Doctor of Pharmacy degree program. Collaborative learning teams (balanced, implementer, optimizer, and random assignment) were created based on students' results on the Basadur Creative Problem Solving Profile Inventory. The teams remained in place across all courses for the first academic year, and those courses that incorporated team-based learning (TBL) were included in the study. Team performance was assessed by administering team readiness assurance tests. The quality of team interactions was assessed using the team satisfaction domain in the Comprehensive Assessment of Team Member Effectiveness (CATME) Smarter Teamwork system and the Team Performance Scale. Results. Each of the 237 first-year pharmacy students enrolled was assigned to one of 41 teams. All teams participated in the study. A significant difference in team performance was observed in the Principles of Patient Centered Care course but not in any of the other courses. No significant differences were found in quality of team interactions. Conclusion. Neither team performance, nor team satisfaction, nor quality of team interactions was impacted by the method of team formation that was used. Given the existing evidence and the results of this study, team formation process, regardless of method used, may have negligible influence on the performance of collaborative learning teams in courses taught using TBL.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Xiaoying Feng
- University of Florida College of Education, Gainesville, Florida
| | - Linda S. Behar-Horenstein
- University of Florida Colleges of Dentistry, Education, Veterinary Medicine, and Pharmacy, Gainesville, Florida
| | - Diane E. Beck
- University of Florida College of Pharmacy, Gainesville, Florida
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18
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Marques-Quinteiro P, Rico R, Passos AM, Curral L. There Is Light and There Is Darkness: On the Temporal Dynamics of Cohesion, Coordination, and Performance in Business Teams. Front Psychol 2019; 10:847. [PMID: 31068856 PMCID: PMC6491749 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2019.00847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2018] [Accepted: 03/29/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
This study examines teams as complex adaptive systems (tCAS) and uses latent growth curve modeling to test team cohesion as an initial condition conducive to team performance over time and the mediational effect of team coordination on this relationship. After analyzing 158 teams enrolled in a business game simulation over five consecutive weeks, we found that change in team coordination was best described by a continuous linear change model, while change in team performance was best described by a continuous nonlinear change model; and the mediation latent growth curve model revealed a negative indirect effect of team cohesion on the level of change in team performance over time, through the level of change in team coordination. This study contributes to the science of teams by combining the notions of initial conditions with co-evolving team dynamics, hence creating a more refined temporal approach to understanding team functioning.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ramón Rico
- Business School, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Ana M Passos
- Business Research Unit, ISCTE - Instituto Universitário de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Luís Curral
- CICPSI, Faculdade de Psicologia, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
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19
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Abstract
Using multilevel analysis, this study examined a cross-level effect of paternalistic leadership and team cohesion on athletes' burnout. We called 900 athletes from 28 colleges to participate in this survey, with a return rate of 85.2% and found that paternalistic leadership of coaches had a cross level effect across schools on athletes' burnout. Based on these findings, we propose recommendations for coaches and school administrators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chia-Ming Chang
- 1 Department of Physical Education, Health & Recreation, National Chiayi University
| | - Hsiu-Chin Huang
- 2 Department of Tourism, Leisure, and Entertainment Management, Tatung Institute of Technology, Chiayi
| | | | - Huey-Hong Hsieh
- 4 Department of Leisure Management, Taiwan Shoufu University, Tainan
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20
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van Zijl AL, Vermeeren B, Koster F, Steijn B. Towards sustainable local welfare systems: The effects of functional heterogeneity and team autonomy on team processes in Dutch neighbourhood teams. Health Soc Care Community 2019; 27:82-92. [PMID: 30047581 PMCID: PMC7379639 DOI: 10.1111/hsc.12604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2017] [Revised: 04/13/2018] [Accepted: 06/05/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Nowadays, many European countries delegate health and social care responsibilities from the national level to local authorities. In January 2015, the Netherlands similarly introduced a policy programme authorising municipalities to set their own social welfare policy. A specific feature of this programme is that it stimulates municipalities to implement teams wherein professionals from different disciplines are collectively responsible for a team's decision-making. This suggests that teams ideally have (a) high levels of functional heterogeneity (professionals from different disciplines) and (b) high levels of team autonomy (collective responsibility and decision-making). Based on the policy programme, it can be further assumed that (a) information elaboration, (b) boundary management and (c) team cohesion in teams will improve. In practice, the majority (87%) of Dutch municipalities implemented neighbourhood teams in January 2015. A common feature of these neighbourhood teams is that the various professionals are collectively responsible for all the curative and preventive healthcare, social work and voluntary social support of the citizens in a specific neighbourhood. Nevertheless, the structure and organisation of neighbourhood teams (including the level of functional heterogeneity and team autonomy) vary within and between municipalities. Given this situation, our aim was to examine to what extent functional heterogeneity and team autonomy influence information elaboration, boundary management and team cohesion in neighbourhood teams. We developed six hypotheses based on literature that were then tested on data collected (between May 2016 and January 2017) through an online survey from 1335 professionals in 170 neighbourhood teams. An SEM analysis showed a positive effect of team autonomy on information elaboration, boundary management and team cohesion. Results further showed a negative effect of functional heterogeneity on information elaboration and boundary management. The implications of these findings for practitioners and academics are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Ferry Koster
- Erasmus University RotterdamRotterdamNetherlands
| | - Bram Steijn
- Erasmus University RotterdamRotterdamNetherlands
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Holman MA, Porter SG, Pawlina W, Juskewitch JE, Lachman N. Does emotional intelligence change during medical school gross anatomy course? Correlations with students' performance and team cohesion. Anat Sci Educ 2016; 9:143-149. [PMID: 26062161 DOI: 10.1002/ase.1541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2014] [Revised: 04/01/2015] [Accepted: 04/28/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Emotional intelligence (EI) has been associated with increased academic achievement, but its impact on medical education is relatively unexplored. This study sought to evaluate change in EI, performance outcomes, and team cohesion within a team-based medical school anatomy course. Forty-two medical students completed a pre-course and post-course Schutte Self-Report Emotional Intelligence Test (SSEIT). Individual EI scores were then compared with composite course performance grade and team cohesion survey results. Mean pre-course EI score was 140.3 out of a possible 160. During the course, mean individual EI scores did not change significantly (P = 0.17) and no correlation between EI scores and academic performance was noted (P = 0.31). In addition, EI did not correlate with team cohesion (P = 0.16). While business has found significant utility for EI in increasing performance and productivity, its role in medical education is still uncertain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle A Holman
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Samuel G Porter
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, University of Kansas School of Medicine, Wichita, Kansas
| | - Wojciech Pawlina
- Department of Anatomy, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Justin E Juskewitch
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Nirusha Lachman
- Department of Anatomy, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, Minnesota
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22
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Deparis C. [The difficulties of staff retention in neonatal intensive care units]. Soins Pediatr Pueric 2015; 36:40-42. [PMID: 26183101 DOI: 10.1016/j.spp.2015.05.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Neonatal intensive care units attract nurses due to the technical and highly specific nature of the work. However, there is a high turnover in these departments. Work-related distress and the lack of team cohesion are the two main causes of this problem. Support from the health care manager is essential in this context.
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Affiliation(s)
- Corinne Deparis
- Service de réanimation néonatale et pédiatrique, Hôpital Robert-Debré, AP-HP, 48 boulevard Sérurier, 75019 Paris, France.
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23
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Graetz I, Reed M, Shortell SM, Rundall TG, Bellows J, Hsu J. The association between EHRs and care coordination varies by team cohesion. Health Serv Res 2013; 49:438-52. [PMID: 24359592 DOI: 10.1111/1475-6773.12136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To examine whether primary care team cohesion changes the association between using an integrated outpatient-inpatient electronic health record (EHR) and clinician-rated care coordination across delivery sites. STUDY DESIGN Self-administered surveys of primary care clinicians in a large integrated delivery system, collected in 2005 (N=565), 2006 (N=678), and 2008 (N=626) during the staggered implementation of an integrated EHR (2005-2010), including validated questions on team cohesion. Using multivariable regression, we examined the combined effect of EHR use and team cohesion on three dimensions of care coordination across delivery sites: access to timely and complete information, treatment agreement, and responsibility agreement. PRINCIPAL FINDINGS Among clinicians working in teams with higher cohesion, EHR use was associated with significant improvements in reported access to timely and complete information (53.5 percent with EHR vs. 37.6 percent without integrated-EHR), agreement on treatment goals (64.3 percent vs. 50.6 percent), and agreement on responsibilities (63.9 percent vs. 55.2 percent, all p<.05). We found no statistically significant association between use of the integrated-EHR and reported care coordination in less cohesive teams. CONCLUSION The association between EHR use and reported care coordination varied by level of team cohesion. EHRs may not improve care coordination in less cohesive teams.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilana Graetz
- Department of Preventive Medicine, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN
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