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Kuchiishi SS, Ramos Prigol S, Bresolin E, Fernandes Lenhard B, Pissetti C, García-Iglesias MJ, Gutiérrez-Martín CB, Martínez-Martínez S, Kreutz LC, Frandoloso R. Brazilian Clinical Strains of Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae and Pasteurella multocida: Capsular Diversity, Antimicrobial Susceptibility ( In Vitro) and Proof of Concept for Prevention of Natural Colonization by Multi-Doses Protocol of Tildipirosin. Antibiotics (Basel) 2023; 12:1658. [PMID: 38136692 PMCID: PMC10740920 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics12121658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2023] [Revised: 11/08/2023] [Accepted: 11/10/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
One hundred Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae (App) and sixty Pasteurella multocida subsp. multocida serogroup A (PmA) isolates were recovered from porcine pneumonic lungs collected from eight central or southern states of Brazil between 2014 and 2018 (App) or between 2017 and 2021 (PmA). A. pleuropneumoniae clinical isolates were typed by multiplex PCR and the most prevalent serovars were 8, 7 and 5 (43, 25% and 18%, respectively). In addition, three virulence genes were assessed in P. multocida isolates, all being positive to capA (PmA) and kmt1 genes, all negative to capD and toxA, and most of them (85%) negative to pfhA gene. The susceptibility of both pathogens to tildipirosin was investigated using a broth microdilution assay. The percentage of isolates susceptible to tildipirosin was 95% for App and 73.3% for PmA. The MIC50 values were 0.25 and 1 μg/mL and the MIC90 values were 4 and >64 μg/mL for App and PmA, respectively. Finally, a multiple-dose protocol of tildipirosin was tested in suckling piglets on a farm endemic for both pathogens. Tildipirosin was able to prevent the natural colonization of the tonsils by App and PmA and significantly (p < 0.0001) reduced the burden of Glaesserella parasuis in this tissue. In summary, our results demonstrate that: (i) tildipirosin can be included in the list of antibiotics to control outbreaks of lung disease caused by App regardless of the capsular type, and (ii) in the case of clinical strains of App and PmA that are sensitive to tildipirosin based on susceptibility testing, the use of this antibiotic in eradication programs for A. pleuropneumoniae and P. multocida can be strongly recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suzana Satomi Kuchiishi
- Laboratory of Microbiology and Advanced Immunology, Faculty of Agronomy and Veterinary Medicine, University of Passo Fundo, Passo Fundo 99052-900, Brazil; (S.S.K.); (E.B.); (B.F.L.); (L.C.K.)
- Centro de Diagnóstico de Sanidade Animal—CEDISA, Concórdia 89727-000, Brazil;
| | | | - Eduarda Bresolin
- Laboratory of Microbiology and Advanced Immunology, Faculty of Agronomy and Veterinary Medicine, University of Passo Fundo, Passo Fundo 99052-900, Brazil; (S.S.K.); (E.B.); (B.F.L.); (L.C.K.)
- AFK Imunotech, Passo Fundo 99052-900, Brazil;
| | - Bianca Fernandes Lenhard
- Laboratory of Microbiology and Advanced Immunology, Faculty of Agronomy and Veterinary Medicine, University of Passo Fundo, Passo Fundo 99052-900, Brazil; (S.S.K.); (E.B.); (B.F.L.); (L.C.K.)
| | - Caroline Pissetti
- Centro de Diagnóstico de Sanidade Animal—CEDISA, Concórdia 89727-000, Brazil;
| | - María-José García-Iglesias
- Animal Health Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of León, 24007 León, Spain; (M.-J.G.-I.); (C.-B.G.-M.); (S.M.-M.)
| | - César-Bernardo Gutiérrez-Martín
- Animal Health Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of León, 24007 León, Spain; (M.-J.G.-I.); (C.-B.G.-M.); (S.M.-M.)
| | - Sonia Martínez-Martínez
- Animal Health Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of León, 24007 León, Spain; (M.-J.G.-I.); (C.-B.G.-M.); (S.M.-M.)
| | - Luiz Carlos Kreutz
- Laboratory of Microbiology and Advanced Immunology, Faculty of Agronomy and Veterinary Medicine, University of Passo Fundo, Passo Fundo 99052-900, Brazil; (S.S.K.); (E.B.); (B.F.L.); (L.C.K.)
| | - Rafael Frandoloso
- Laboratory of Microbiology and Advanced Immunology, Faculty of Agronomy and Veterinary Medicine, University of Passo Fundo, Passo Fundo 99052-900, Brazil; (S.S.K.); (E.B.); (B.F.L.); (L.C.K.)
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Tomazi ACCH, Tomazi T, Bringhenti L, Vinhal APA, Rodrigues MX, Bilby TR, Huson HJ, Bicalho RC. Treatment with 2 commercial antibiotics reduced clinical and systemic signs of pneumonia and the abundance of pathogenic bacteria in the upper respiratory tract of preweaning dairy calves. J Dairy Sci 2023; 106:2750-2771. [PMID: 36797182 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2022-22451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2022] [Accepted: 10/27/2022] [Indexed: 02/16/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of therapeutically administered tildipirosin or florfenicol + flunixin meglumine for the treatment of bovine respiratory disease (BRD) accompanied by fever in calves before weaning compared with diseased and untreated animals. As specific objectives, we evaluated the composition of the bacterial microbiota of the upper respiratory tract (URT) and blood and health parameters of the animals. Preweaning Holstein female calves diagnosed with naturally acquired pneumonia were randomly assigned to one of the following experimental groups on the day of diagnosis (d 0): (1) TLD (n = 36): single subcutaneous injection with 4 mg/kg tildipirosin; (2) FLF (n = 33): single subcutaneous injection with an antimicrobial (40 mg/kg florfenicol) combined with a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (2.2 mg/kg flunixin meglumine); and (3) NEG (n = 35): no treatment within the first 5 d following enrollment. The NEG treatment group was closely monitored for 5 d, and calves were removed from the study following a standardized late treatment protocol, when necessary, to minimize health concerns. Healthy untreated calves (CTR; n = 31) were also selected for the study and used as controls. Blood samples used for biochemical analysis and nasopharyngeal swabs used for evaluation of URT microbiota were collected daily from d 0 until d 5 and then weekly until weaning. Next-generation sequencing of the 16S rRNA gene was used to assess the URT microbiota at the phylum and genus levels. Clinical signs associated with pneumonia and otitis media were assessed daily, as was the need for antibiotic interventions. Calves in the TLD and FLF groups had faster recovery from fever within the first 5 d after enrollment. In addition, antibiotic-treated calves reached the same serum haptoglobin levels as healthy calves on d 2 after diagnosis, whereas calves in the NEG group had higher haptoglobin levels than the CTR group until at least d 5 after BRD diagnosis. Calves in the TLD and FLF groups had a lower risk of treatment for pneumonia (FLF = 22.8%; TLD = 27.7%) from d 5 to weaning than calves in the NEG group (54.7%). Furthermore, FLF treatment had a significantly lower risk of nasal discharge, otitis media, and treatment failure compared with the NEG group, but did not differ from the TLD group. Differences in the composition of the URT microbiota were found between groups, and the genus Mycoplasma was the most abundant in samples collected from the URT of calves with and without pneumonia. Both drugs were effective in reducing the mean relative abundance (MRA) of important genera associated with pneumonia (Mannheimia and Pasteurella), although an increase in Mycoplasma MRA was observed for tildipirosin-treated calves. In conclusion, both drugs were effective in reducing the inflammatory signs of pneumonia and the need for antimicrobial treatment after enrollment compared with no treatment. In addition, both TLD and FLF were effective in reducing the MRA of important bacterial genera associated with pneumonia; however, TLD treatment was associated with increased Mycoplasma MRA compared with healthy and untreated calves.
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Affiliation(s)
- A C C H Tomazi
- Department of Population Medicine and Diagnostic Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853
| | - T Tomazi
- Department of Population Medicine and Diagnostic Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853; Merck Animal Health, Madison, NJ 07940.
| | - L Bringhenti
- Department of Population Medicine and Diagnostic Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853; FERA Animal Health LLC, College Station, TX 77845
| | - A P A Vinhal
- Department of Population Medicine and Diagnostic Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853
| | - M X Rodrigues
- Department of Population Medicine and Diagnostic Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853; FERA Animal Health LLC, College Station, TX 77845
| | - T R Bilby
- Merck Animal Health, Madison, NJ 07940
| | - H J Huson
- Department of Animal Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853
| | - R C Bicalho
- Department of Population Medicine and Diagnostic Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853; FERA Animal Health LLC, College Station, TX 77845
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Bringhenti L, Pallu M, Silva JC, Tomazi T, Tomazi ACCH, Rodrigues MX, Cruzado-Bravo M, Bilby TR, Bicalho RC. Effect of treatment of pneumonia and otitis media with tildipirosin or florfenicol + flunixin meglumine on health and upper respiratory tract microbiota of preweaned Holstein dairy heifers. J Dairy Sci 2021; 104:10291-10309. [PMID: 34099293 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2020-19945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2020] [Accepted: 04/19/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
The objective of this randomized clinical study was to compare the effect of 2 antimicrobial interventions, tildipirosin or florfenicol + flunixin meglumine, used for treatment of pneumonia and extralabel treatment for otitis on health parameters and upper respiratory tract (URT) microbiota of preweaned Holstein calves. Housed preweaned Holstein heifers diagnosed with either otitis or pneumonia were assigned into 1 of 2 treatment groups, receiving a single subcutaneous injection of either 4 mg/kg of tildipirosin (TLD; n = 444) or 40 mg/kg of florfenicol combined with 2.2 mg/kg of a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory, flunixin meglumine (FLF; n = 442). Calves were enrolled and treated on the day of diagnosis of the first case of pneumonia or otitis. If a calf had a recurrent case, the opposite drug was administered, respecting an interval of 5 d between drug injections. Blood samples for leukocyte counts were collected at 0, 2, 4, and 6 d after treatment, and rectal temperature was measured daily during the 5 d after treatment. Ear scores were observed from calves with otitis. Additionally, swabs of the URT were collected from a subset of 20 calves in each treatment group at d 0, 3, 6, 9, and 11 following enrollment for analysis of URT microbiota through next-generation sequencing of the 16S rRNA gene and quantitative PCR. Swabs were also collected from a comparative group of 20 healthy calves that did not receive any drug. No differences were observed between groups for recurrence risk of either pneumonia (TLD = 32.4%; FLF = 29.7%) or otitis (TLD = 72.7%; FLF = 73.6%). Similarly, no differences were observed for the total number of treatments for pneumonia (TLD = 1.45; FLF = 1.42) or otitis (TLD = 2.96; FLF = 3.07). On the other hand, both drugs reduced rectal temperature, ear scores, and leukocyte counts, with FLF calves having a greater reduction in rectal temperature within 4 d after treatment. Both TLD and FLF reduced the total bacterial load when compared with healthy untreated calves, but no differences were observed between treatment groups. Furthermore, compared with the untreated group, treated calves had lower mean relative abundances (MRA) of the genera Mannheimia, Moraxella, and Pasteurella within 11, 9, and 3 d after treatment, respectively; however, no significant differences were observed between TLD and FLF. On the other hand, MRA of Mycoplasma was not decreased by both treatments compared to untreated animals, and a higher MRA was observed in the TLD group during 11 d after treatment in comparison to FLF and untreated calves. Based on this data, we concluded that both drugs used in the study were effective in reducing rectal temperature, ear scores, leukocyte counts, and MRA of the genera Mannheimia, Pasteurella, and Moraxella in the URT, and calves treated with FLF had a greater reduction in rectal temperature.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Bringhenti
- Department of Population Medicine and Diagnostic Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853-6401
| | - M Pallu
- Department of Population Medicine and Diagnostic Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853-6401
| | - J C Silva
- Department of Population Medicine and Diagnostic Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853-6401
| | - T Tomazi
- Department of Population Medicine and Diagnostic Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853-6401
| | - A C C H Tomazi
- Department of Population Medicine and Diagnostic Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853-6401
| | - M X Rodrigues
- Department of Population Medicine and Diagnostic Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853-6401
| | - M Cruzado-Bravo
- Department of Population Medicine and Diagnostic Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853-6401
| | | | - R C Bicalho
- Department of Population Medicine and Diagnostic Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853-6401.
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Bringhenti L, Pallu M, Silva J, Tomazi T, Tomazi AC, Rodrigues MX, Duarte LM, Bilby TR, Bicalho RC. Effect of metaphylactic administration of tildipirosin on the incidence of pneumonia and otitis and on the upper respiratory tract and fecal microbiome of preweaning Holstein calves. J Dairy Sci 2021; 104:6020-6038. [PMID: 33685693 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2020-19572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2020] [Accepted: 01/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The objectives of this study were to evaluate the effect of the metaphylactic use of a semi-synthetic long-acting macrolide (tildipirosin) on the prevention of pneumonia and otitis in preweaning Holstein calves, as well as its effects on the microbiome of their upper respiratory tract (URT) and feces. Newborn healthy Holstein heifers, collectively housed, were randomly allocated to 1 of 2 treatment groups: treatment (TRT; n = 932) or control (CTR; n = 927). Calves in the TRT group received a single subcutaneous injection of 4 mg/kg tildipirosin (Zuprevo, Merck Animal Health) at 7 ± 7 d of life. Calves in the CTR group received no drug injection. All enrolled calves were evaluated from 1 to 63 ± 3 d of life (weaning age) and monitored daily for any adverse health events during this period. Daily physical examination was performed to diagnose pneumonia and otitis, and body weight was measured weekly in all animals. From a randomly selected subset of 217 calves, blood samples for biochemical variables analysis and swabs were collected weekly from the URT and rectum for analysis of the nasal and fecal microbiome, respectively, via next-generation sequencing of the 16S rRNA gene. Total bacterial load was evaluated using quantitative PCR. In addition, another subset of 26 calves was randomly selected and fecal swabs were collected in a more intensive sampling to investigate the short-term effect of tildipirosin administration on the fecal microbiome. We performed general mixed linear models and logistic regression to analyze continuous and binary outcomes, respectively. Tildipirosin metaphylaxis reduced the incidence of otitis (CTR = 47.03%; TRT = 37.55%) and tended to reduce the incidence of pneumonia (CTR = 20.71%; TRT = 17.38%) and the overall mortality risk (CTR = 6.69%; TRT = 4.94%). We observed no significant differences between groups for mortality due to pneumonia (CTR = 0.86%; TRT = 0.97%) or mortality due to otitis (CTR = 2.05%; TRT = 1.39%). Calves in the TRT group had a higher average daily gain than calves in the CTR group. Furthermore, metaphylaxis had no significant effects on the total bacterial load, genus, or phylum analysis of the fecal microbiome from the 2 subset groups. However, for the URT microbiota, we observed a significant decrease in total bacterial load for the TRT group compared to the CTR group 1 week after metaphylactic injection. Tildipirosin metaphylaxis decreased the mean relative abundance of the genera Mannheimia, Moraxella, and Pasteurella but significantly increased the mean relative abundance of Mycoplasma. Although tildipirosin had no positive effect on Mycoplasma, it reduced the mean relative abundance of important pathogenic bacteria in the URT and had positive effects for the control of otitis. The metaphylactic use of tildipirosin can be a suitable strategy for the control of otitis on farms with a high prevalence of this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leonardo Bringhenti
- Department of Population Medicine and Diagnostic Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853-6401
| | - Mariana Pallu
- Department of Population Medicine and Diagnostic Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853-6401
| | - Josiane Silva
- Department of Population Medicine and Diagnostic Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853-6401
| | - Tiago Tomazi
- Department of Population Medicine and Diagnostic Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853-6401
| | - Ana C Tomazi
- Department of Population Medicine and Diagnostic Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853-6401
| | - Marjory X Rodrigues
- Department of Population Medicine and Diagnostic Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853-6401
| | - Livia M Duarte
- Department of Population Medicine and Diagnostic Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853-6401
| | | | - Rodrigo C Bicalho
- Department of Population Medicine and Diagnostic Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853-6401.
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Abu-Basha EA, Bani Ismail Z, Ababneh MM, Hamzeh E, Gehring R. Pharmacokinetics and bioavailability of tildipirosin following intravenous and subcutaneous administration in horses. J Vet Pharmacol Ther 2021; 44:544-551. [PMID: 33609061 DOI: 10.1111/jvp.12958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2020] [Revised: 01/16/2021] [Accepted: 02/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
This study was designed to investigate the safety and pharmacokinetic (PK) profile of tildipirosin in horses after intravenous (i.v.) and subcutaneous (s.c.) injection of a single dose at 4 mg/kg of body weight (b.w.). A total of 12 healthy mixed breed horses were used in the study. Horses were monitored for systemic and local adverse effects, and whole blood samples were collected for hematology and plasma biochemistry analysis at time (0) and at 6, 24, and 72 h after drug administration. For PK analysis, blood samples were collected at pre-determined times before and after tildipirosin administration. Plasma concentrations of tildipirosin were determined using ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography-ultraviolet detection method (UHPLC-UV). All horses tolerated the i.v. injection of tildipirosin without showing any systemic adverse effects. However, a non-painful, soft swelling appeared at the s.c. injection site in 5 horses (41.7%). On average, tildipirosin reached a maximum plasma concentration (Cmax ) of 1257 ng/ml (geometric mean) between 0.5 and 1.5 h after s.c. administration (Tmax ). The geometric mean values for total body clearance (Cl), the apparent volume of distribution based on the terminal phase (Vz ), and the apparent volume of distribution at steady-state (Vss ) were 0.52 L/kg·h, 22 L/kg, and 10.0 L/kg, respectively. Data collected in this study suggests that tildipirosin can be used safely in horses with caution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ehab A Abu-Basha
- Department of Basic Medical Veterinary Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan
| | - Zuhair Bani Ismail
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan
| | - Mohammed M Ababneh
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan
| | - Eyad Hamzeh
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan
| | - Ronette Gehring
- Department of Population Health Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
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Nickell J, Bryant L, Lechtenberg KF, Cull C. Evaluation of Antimicrobial or Non-antimicrobial Treatments in Commercial Feedlot Cattle With Mild Bovine Respiratory Disease Based on a Refined Case-Definition. Front Vet Sci 2020; 7:571697. [PMID: 33134355 PMCID: PMC7575691 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2020.571697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2020] [Accepted: 09/01/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The study objective was to compare clinical and performance outcomes among feedlot steers treated for bovine respiratory disease (BRD) with tildipirosin (TIL), flunixin transdermal solution (FTS; topical application), or both, based on a refined BRD case-definition. Crossbred steer calves (N = 2,380) were enrolled based on a clinical illness score (CIS) of 1–3; a rectal temperature between >102.5° F and ≤103.9° F; and a Whisper Score (WS) = 1 or ≥2. Within each WS stratum, steers were randomly allocated to Saline, TIL, FTS, or TIL + FTS to reflect a 2 × 2 factorial design. Individual health and performance outcomes were measured on Day 60 and closeout. From Day 0 through Day 60, in both strata, TIL resulted in significantly (P ≤ 0.05) fewer BRD retreatment events, fewer 3rd BRD treatments, fewer steers that did not finish, and greater average daily gain when compared to steers that were not treated with TIL. From Day 0 through closeout, cattle with a WS ≥ 2, treated with TIL had fewer animals (P ≤ 0.05) that did not finish compared to steers not treated with TIL. In this study, feedlot steers with clinical signs of BRD and rectal temperatures lower than traditional cutoffs displayed a positive response to antimicrobial therapy. A clear benefit of FTS was not observed in this study. Calves with a WS ≥ 2 were lighter at the time of first BRD treatment compared to calves with a WS = 1. However, standalone TIL therapy was the optimal BRD treatment modality across WS strata in this study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason Nickell
- Allflex Livestock Intelligence, Madison, WI, United States
| | | | - Kelly F Lechtenberg
- Midwest Veterinary Services, Oakland, NE, United States.,Veterinary and Biomedical Research Center, Manhattan, KS, United States
| | - Charley Cull
- Midwest Veterinary Services, Oakland, NE, United States.,Veterinary and Biomedical Research Center, Manhattan, KS, United States
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Celestino ML, Fernandes L, Menta PR, Paiva D, Ribeiro TL, Silva T, Bilby TR, Neves RC, Ballou MA, Machado VS. The Effect of Metaphylactic Use of Tildipirosin for the Control of Respiratory Disease in Long-Distance Transported Dairy Calves. Front Vet Sci 2020; 7:632. [PMID: 33102559 PMCID: PMC7506132 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2020.00632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2020] [Accepted: 08/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The objective of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of two metaphylactic strategies using tildipirosin for the control of bovine respiratory disease (BRD) in dairy calves transported to a heifer raising facility within their first week of life. A total of 2,100 calves were enrolled in the study. Animals were transported for ~1,715 km, from dairies located in Minnesota to a calf raising facility located in New Mexico, where they were housed in individual hutches until weaning. Three days after arrival, calves were randomly allocated into three groups: (1) META1: single subcutaneous (SQ) injection of tildipirosin (Zuprevo™, Merck Animal Health) at enrollment at 4 mg/kg; (2) META2: SQ injection of tildipirosin at enrollment and 17 days later; (3) CON: untreated controls. The BRD incidence was 11.4, 10.8, and 9.4% for calves enrolled in the CON, META1, and META2, respectively (P = 0.44). Lung lesions diagnosed through ultrasonography was found in 21.0, 21.0, and 21.8% of calves enrolled in CON, META1, and META2, respectively (P = 0.99). Mortality tended to be greater for CON calves in comparison to META2 calves (1.5 vs. 0.6%, P = 0.06), but did not differ between calves enrolled in CON and META1 groups (1.5 vs. 1.2%, P = 0.55). Growth was not affected by metaphylaxis. The average daily gain for calves enrolled in CON, META1, and META2 was 517, 518 and 525 g, respectively (P = 0.25). Blood analysis revealed that some of the markers of inflammation assessed were influenced by metaphylaxis. At 27 days after enrollment, META2 calves had decreased concentrations of haptoglobin, serum amyloid A, and aspartate aminotransferase, compared to CON calves (P < 0.05). Additionally, CON calves had increased concentrations of globulins and lower albumin to globulin ratio than META2 calves at the end of the weaning period (P < 0.05). In conclusion, tildipirosin metaphylaxis did not decrease the incidence of BRD nor did it have an impact on weight gain. However, metaphylaxis with two injections of tildipirosin at enrollment and 17 days later tended to reduce mortality and improved the systemic inflammatory status of calves during the preweaning period.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Luiza Celestino
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, College of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, United States
| | - Leticia Fernandes
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, College of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, United States
| | - Paulo Roberto Menta
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, College of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, United States
| | - Daniela Paiva
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, College of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, United States
| | - Thiago Lauro Ribeiro
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, College of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, United States
| | - Thiago Silva
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, College of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, United States.,Department of Animal Science, School of Animal Science and Food Engineering, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Rafael C Neves
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, College of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, United States.,Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, United States
| | - Michael A Ballou
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, College of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, United States
| | - Vinicius S Machado
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, College of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, United States
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Abu-Basha EA, Bani Ismail Z, Abu Alhaijaa H, Hamzeh E, Idkaidek NM. Pharmacokinetics and bioavailability of tildipirosin following intravenous and subcutaneous administration in sheep. J Vet Pharmacol Ther 2020; 44:79-85. [PMID: 32748450 DOI: 10.1111/jvp.12901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2020] [Revised: 07/13/2020] [Accepted: 07/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Tildipirosin is a semi-synthetic macrolide antibiotic commonly used in cattle and swine to treat bacterial pneumonia. The objective of this study was to investigate the pharmacokinetic profile of tildipirosin after a single intravenous (i.v.) and subcutaneous (s.c.) administration in healthy lambs. Eighteen lambs were randomly divided into three groups (n = 6 each). Lambs received a single s.c. dose of tildipirosin at 4 and 6 mg/kg b.w. in group 1 and 2, respectively. Lambs in group 3 received a single i.v. dose of tildipirosin at 4 mg/kg b.w. Blood samples were collected at 0, 0.5, 0.75, 1.5, 2, 3, 4, 6, 8, 10, 24, 36, 48 hr, and every 24 hr to day 21, and thereafter at day 28 posttildipirosin administration. The plasma concentrations of tildipirosin were determined using high-performance liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry detection (LC⁄MS⁄MS). All lambs appeared to tolerate both the intravenous and subcutaneous injection of tildipirosin. Following i.v. administration, the elimination half-life (T1/2 ), mean residence time (MRT), volume of distribution (Vd/F), and total body clearance (Cl/F) were 119.6 ± 9.0 hr, 281.9 ± 25.7 hr, 521.1 ± 107.2 L, and 2.9 ± 0.5 L/hr, respectively. No significant differences in Cmax (657.0 ± 142.8 and 754.6 ± 227.1 ng/ml), Tmax (1.21 ± 0.38 and 1.35 ± 0.44 hr), T1/2 (144 ± 17.5, 156.5 ± 33.4 hr), and MRT (262.0 ± 30.2 and 250.6 ± 54.5 hr) were found in tildipirosin after s.c. dosing at 4 and 6 mg/kg b.w., respectively. The absolute bioavailability (F) of tildipirosin was 71.5% and 75.3% after s.c. administration of 4 and 6 mg/kg b.w., respectively. In conclusion, tildipirosin was rapidly absorbed and slowly eliminated after a single s.c. administration in healthy lambs. Tildipirosin could be used for the treatment and prevention of respiratory bacterial infections in sheep. However, further in vitro and in vivo studies to determine the efficacy and safety are warranted. To our knowledge, this is the first study to determine the tildipirosin pharmacokinetic parameters in sheep plasma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ehab A Abu-Basha
- Department of Basic Medical Veterinary Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan
| | - Zuhair Bani Ismail
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan
| | - Hind Abu Alhaijaa
- Department of Basic Medical Veterinary Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan
| | - Eyad Hamzeh
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan
| | - Nasir M Idkaidek
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Pharmacy College, Petra University, Amman, Jordan
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9
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Galecio JS, Escudero E, Cerón JJ, Crescenzo G, Marín P. Pharmacokinetics of Tildipirosin in Ewes after Intravenous, Intramuscular and Subcutaneous Administration. Animals (Basel) 2020; 10:E1332. [PMID: 32752202 DOI: 10.3390/ani10081332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2020] [Revised: 07/29/2020] [Accepted: 07/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Pneumonia is a significant cause of death in sheep flocks. Thus, antibiotics are essential for the treatment of bacterial pneumonia to reduce morbidity and mortality, but few drugs are specifically labeled for clinical use in sheep. Many of the antimicrobial clinical prescriptions that occur in sheep are classified as extra-label use, with dosage, administration frequency, indications, and drug withdrawal times usually being extrapolated from information reported in other species. Thus, the objective of this study was to determine the disposition kinetics of tildipirosin after intravenous, intramuscular, and subcutaneous administration in sheep. Throughout the experiment, all ewes were healthy and no adverse reactions were recorded. The apparent volume of distribution was high, indicating a wide distribution in the body, which can be attributed to a significant fraction of tildipirosin inside the cells, and its expected activity against intracellular bacteria. Following intramuscular administration, tildipirosin was rapidly absorbed even to a greater extent when compared to subcutaneous administration. Most of the adsorbed tildipirosin after intramuscular and subcutaneous administrations were available in the body (>70%). In brief, the excellent tolerability of this formulation and the suitable disposition of tildipirosin in the body makes it an alternative for sheep use, in conditions where the administration of antibiotics is needed to observe desired effects with the benefits of scant manipulation of animals. Abstract A single-dose disposition kinetics for tildipirosin was evaluated in clinically healthy ewes (n = 6) after intravenous (IV), intramuscular (IM), and subcutaneous (SC) administration of a commercial formulation. Tildipirosin concentrations were determined by high-performance liquid chromatography with ultraviolet detection. Plasma concentration-time data was calculated by non-compartmental pharmacokinetic methods. The apparent volume of distribution (Vz) of tildipirosin after IV administration was 5.36 ± 0.57 L/kg suggesting a wide distribution in tissues and inside the cells. The elimination half-life (t½λz) was 17.16 ± 2.25, 23.90 ± 6.99 and 43.19 ± 5.17 h after IV, IM and SC administration, respectively. Following IM administration, tildipirosin was rapidly absorbed (tmax = 0.62 ± 0.10 h) even to a greater extent than after SC administration. Time to reach peak concentration (tmax) and peak plasma concentrations (Cmax) differed significantly, but both parameters showed a more significant variability after SC than after IM administration. Bioavailabilities after extravascular administration were high (>70%). Therefore, given general adverse reactions that were not observed in any ewe and favourable pharmacokinetics, tildipirosin could be effective in treating bacterial infections in sheep.
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10
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Xiong J, Xu Y, He S, Zhang Y, Wang Z, Wang S, Jiang H. Pharmacokinetics and bioavailability of tildipirosin in rabbits following single-dose intravenous and intramuscular administration. J Vet Pharmacol Ther 2020; 43:448-453. [PMID: 32542744 DOI: 10.1111/jvp.12882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2020] [Revised: 05/13/2020] [Accepted: 05/13/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to determine the pharmacokinetics of tildipirosin in rabbits after a single intravenous (i.v.) and intramuscular (i.m.) injection at a dose of 4 mg/kg. Twelve white New Zealand rabbits were assigned to a randomized, parallel trial design. Blood samples were collected prior to administration and up to 14 days postadministration. Plasma concentrations of tildipirosin were quantified using a validated ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS) method. The pharmacokinetic parameters were calculated using a noncompartmental model in WinNonlin 5.2 software. Following i.v. and i.m. administration, the elimination half-life (T1/2λ ) was 81.17 ± 9.28 and 96.68 ± 15.37 hr, respectively, and the mean residence time (MRTlast ) was 65.44 ± 10.89 and 67.06 ± 10.49 hr, respectively. After i.v. injection, the plasma clearance rate (Cl) and volume of distribution at steady state (Vdss ) were 0.28 ± 0.10 L kg-1 h-1 and 17.78 ± 5.15 L/kg, respectively. The maximum plasma concentration (Cmax ) and time to reach maximum plasma concentration (Tmax ) after i.m. administration were 836.2 ± 117.9 ng/ml and 0.33 ± 0.17 hr, respectively. The absolute bioavailability of i.m. administration was 105.4%. Tildipirosin shows favorable pharmacokinetic characteristics in rabbits, with fast absorption, extensive distribution, and high bioavailability. These findings suggest that tildipirosin might be a potential drug for the prevention and treatment of respiratory diseases in rabbits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jincheng Xiong
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, PR China
| | - Yuliang Xu
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, PR China
| | - Shuang He
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, PR China
| | - Yanfang Zhang
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, PR China
| | - Zile Wang
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, PR China
| | - Sihan Wang
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, PR China
| | - Haiyang Jiang
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, PR China
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11
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Lei Z, Liu Q, Qi Y, Yang B, Khaliq H, Xiong J, Moku GK, Ahmed S, Li K, Zhang H, Zhang W, Cao J, He Q. Optimal Regimens and Cutoff Evaluation of Tildipirosin Against Pasteurella multocida. Front Pharmacol 2018; 9:765. [PMID: 30093860 PMCID: PMC6071545 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2018.00765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2018] [Accepted: 06/22/2018] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Pasteurella multocida (PM) can invade the upper respiratory tract of the body and cause death and high morbidity. Tildipirosin, a new 16-membered-ring macrolide antimicrobial, has been recommended for the treatment of respiratory diseases. The objective of this research was to improve the dose regimes of tildipirosin to PM for reducing the macrolides resistance development with the pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic (PK/PD) modeling approach and to establish an alternate cutoff for tildipirosin against PM. A single dose (4 mg/kg body weight) of tildipirosin was administered via intramuscular (i.m.) and intravenous (i.v.) injection to the pigs. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values of clinical isolates (112) were measured in the range of 0.0625–32 μg/ml, and the MIC50 and MIC90 values were 0.5 and 2 μg/ml, respectively. The MIC of the selected PM04 was 2 and 0.5 μg/ml in the tryptic soy broth (TSB) and serum, respectively. The main pharmacokinetic (PK) parameters including the area under the curve at 24 h (AUC24 h), AUC, terminal half-life (T1/2), the time to peak concentration (Tmax), peak concentration (Cmax), relative total systemic clearance (CLb), and the last mean residence time (MRTlast) were calculated to be 7.10, 7.94 μg∗h/ml, 24.02, NA h, NA μg/ml, 0.46 L/h∗kg, 8.06 h and 3.94, 6.79 μg∗h/ml, 44.04, 0.25 h, 0.98 μg/ml, 0.43 L/h∗kg, 22.85 h after i.v. and i.m. induction, respectively. Moreover, the bioavailability of i.m. route was 85.5%, and the unbinding of tildipirosin to serum protein was 78%. The parameters AUC24 h/MIC in serum for bacteriostatic, bactericidal, and elimination activities were calculated as 18.91, 29.13, and 34.03 h based on the inhibitory sigmoid Emax modeling. According to the Monte Carlo simulation, the optimum doses for bacteriostatic, bactericidal, and elimination activities were 6.10, 9.41, and 10.96 mg/kg for 50% target and 7.86, 12.17, and 14.57 mg/kg for 90% target, respectively. The epidemiological cutoff value (ECV) was calculated to be 4 μg/ml which could cover 95% wild-type clinical isolates distribution. The PK-PD cutoff (COPD) was analyzed to be 0.25 μg/ml in vitro for tildipirosin against PM based on the Monte Carlo simulation. Compared with these two cutoff values, the finial susceptible breakpoint was defined as 4 μg/ml. The data presented now provides the optimal regimens (12.17 mg/kg) and susceptible breakpoint (4 μg/ml) for clinical use, but these predicted data should be validated in the clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhixin Lei
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China.,Department of Veterinary Pharmacology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China.,National Reference Laboratory of Veterinary Drug Residues and MAO Key Laboratory for Detection of Veterinary Drug Residues, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China.,Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States
| | - Qianying Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China.,Department of Veterinary Pharmacology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China.,National Reference Laboratory of Veterinary Drug Residues and MAO Key Laboratory for Detection of Veterinary Drug Residues, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yi Qi
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Bing Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China.,Department of Veterinary Pharmacology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Haseeb Khaliq
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Jincheng Xiong
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China.,Department of Veterinary Pharmacology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Gopi Krishna Moku
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States
| | - Saeed Ahmed
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China.,Department of Veterinary Pharmacology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Kun Li
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China.,Department of Veterinary Pharmacology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Hui Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China.,Department of Veterinary Pharmacology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Wenqiu Zhang
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States
| | - Jiyue Cao
- Department of Veterinary Pharmacology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China.,National Reference Laboratory of Veterinary Drug Residues and MAO Key Laboratory for Detection of Veterinary Drug Residues, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Qigai He
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
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12
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Zeng D, Sun M, Lin Z, Li M, Gehring R, Zeng Z. Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics of Tildipirosin Against Pasteurella multocida in a Murine Lung Infection Model. Front Microbiol 2018; 9:1038. [PMID: 29867911 PMCID: PMC5968193 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2018.01038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2018] [Accepted: 05/02/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Tildipirosin, a 16-membered-ring macrolide antimicrobial, has recently been approved for the treatment of swine respiratory disease and bovine respiratory disease. This macrolide is extensively distributed to the site of respiratory infection followed by slow elimination. Clinical efficacy has been demonstrated in cattle and swine clinical field trials. However, the pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic (PK/PD) index that best correlates with the efficacy of tildipirosin remains undefined. The objective of this study was to develop a PK/PD model following subcutaneous injection of tildipirosin against Pasteurella multocida in a murine lung infection model. The PK studies of unbound (f) tildipirosin in plasma were determined following subcutaneous injection of single doses of 1, 2, 4, 6, and 8 mg/kg of body weight in neutropenic lung-infected mice. The PD studies were conducted over 24 h based on twenty intermittent dosing regimens, of which total daily dose ranged from 1 to 32 mg/kg and dosage intervals included 6, 8, 12, and 24 h. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of tildipirosin against P. multocida was determined in serum. The inhibitory effect Imax model was employed for PK/PD modeling. The area under the unbound concentration-time profile over 24 h to MIC (fAUC0-24 h/MIC) was the PK/PD index that best described the antibacterial activity in the murine infection model. The fAUC0-24 h/MIC targets required to achieve the bacteriostatic action, a 1-log10 kill and 2-log10 kill of bacterial counts were 19.93, 31.89, and 53.27 h, respectively. These results can facilitate efforts to define more rational designs of dosage regimens of tildipirosin using classical PK/PD concepts for the treatment of respiratory diseases in pigs and cattle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongping Zeng
- National Reference Laboratory of Veterinary Drug Residues, Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmacology, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China.,Institute of Computational Comparative Medicine, Department of Anatomy and Physiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, United States
| | - Meizhen Sun
- National Reference Laboratory of Veterinary Drug Residues, Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmacology, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhoumeng Lin
- Institute of Computational Comparative Medicine, Department of Anatomy and Physiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, United States
| | - Miao Li
- Institute of Computational Comparative Medicine, Department of Anatomy and Physiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, United States
| | - Ronette Gehring
- Institute of Computational Comparative Medicine, Department of Anatomy and Physiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, United States
| | - Zhenling Zeng
- National Reference Laboratory of Veterinary Drug Residues, Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmacology, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
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13
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Wang J, Zhao T, Sun X, Liu Y, Zhu J, Zhang S, Cao X. Pharmacokinetics of tildipirosin in beagle dogs. J Vet Pharmacol Ther 2017; 41:e49-e52. [PMID: 28892155 DOI: 10.1111/jvp.12453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2017] [Accepted: 07/31/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to investigate the pharmacokinetic profile of tildipirosin (TD) in 24 beagle dogs following intravenous (i.v.) and intramuscular (i.m.) administration, respectively, at 2, 4, and 6 mg/kg. Plasma samples at certain time points (0-14 days) were collected, and the concentrations of drug were quantified by UPLC-MS/MS. Plasma concentration-time data and relevant parameters were described by noncompartmental through WinNonlin 6.4 software. After single i.m. injection at 2, 4, and 6 mg/kg body weight, mean maximum concentration (Cmax ) was 412.73 ± 76.01, 1,051 ± 323, and 1,061 ± 352 ng/ml, respectively. Mean time to reach Cmax was 0.36 ± 0.2, 0.08 ± 0.00, and 0.13 ± 0.07 hr after i.m. injection at 2, 4, and 6 mg/kg, respectively. The mean value of T1/2λz for i.m. administration at doses of 2, 4, and 6 mg/kg was 71.39 ± 28.42, 91 .33 ± 50.02, and 96.43 ± 45.02 hr, respectively. The mean residence times were 63.81 ± 10.96, 35.83 ± 15.13, and 38.18 ± 16.77 hr for doses of 2, 4, and 6 mg/kg, respectively. These pharmacokinetic characteristics after i.m. administration indicated that TD could be rapidly distributed into tissues on account of the high lipid solubility and then released into plasma. In addition, the absolute bioavailability of 2 mg/kg after i.m. injection was 112%. No adverse effects were observed after i.v. and i.m. administration.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Wang
- Department of Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China.,Laboratory of Quality & Safety Risk Assessment for Animal Products on Chemical Hazards (Beijing), Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing, China
| | - T Zhao
- Department of Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China.,Laboratory of Quality & Safety Risk Assessment for Animal Products on Chemical Hazards (Beijing), Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing, China
| | - X Sun
- Department of Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Y Liu
- Department of Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - J Zhu
- Department of Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - S Zhang
- Department of Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China.,Laboratory of Quality & Safety Risk Assessment for Animal Products on Chemical Hazards (Beijing), Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing, China
| | - X Cao
- Department of Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China.,Laboratory of Quality & Safety Risk Assessment for Animal Products on Chemical Hazards (Beijing), Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory of Detection for Veterinary Drug Residue and Illegal Additive, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing, China
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