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Lin CR, Tsai SHL, Wang C, Lee CL, Hung SW, Ting YT, Hung YC. Willow Bark ( Salix spp.) Used for Pain Relief in Arthritis: A Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials. Life (Basel) 2023; 13:2058. [PMID: 37895439 PMCID: PMC10607963 DOI: 10.3390/life13102058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2023] [Revised: 10/06/2023] [Accepted: 10/12/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
This study intends to assess the analgesic effects, physical facilitation, and safety of willow bark use in patients with arthritis. Our study was conducted based on the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses statement. PubMed, Scopus, EMBASE, Web of Science, Cochrane, and ClinicalTrials.gov were searched for relative randomized controlled trials (RCTs) describing the efficacy or adverse events of willow bark in patients with arthritis until 12 April 2023. We used Cochrane ROB 2.0 and the Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development, and Evaluations system to evaluate the quality of studies and evidence. The meta-analysis was carried out by the fix-effects model. This study included five studies with six RCTs consisting of 329 patients with arthritis. The results showed significant differences in pain relief and improvement in physical status for patients with arthritis between willow bark treatment and placebo groups, and no significant differences in the risk of all adverse events in patients with arthritis between willow bark treatment and placebo. Owing to the potential bias, the certainty and evidence of our findings are still inadequate. Therefore, further RCTs are needed to confirm our results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun-Ru Lin
- Department of Medical Education, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou Branch, No. 5, Fuxing Street, Guishan District, Taoyuan City 333, Taiwan
| | - Sung Huang Laurent Tsai
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Keelung Branch, No. 222, Maijin Rd., Anle Dist., Keelung City 204006, Taiwan
| | - Che Wang
- Department of Medical Education, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou Branch, No. 5, Fuxing Street, Guishan District, Taoyuan City 333, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Lin Lee
- Department of General Medicine, Chi Mei Medical Center, No. 901, Zhonghua Rd., Yongkang District, Tainan City 71004, Taiwan
| | - Shao-Wen Hung
- Department of Pediatrics, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou Branch, No. 5, Fuxing Street, Guishan District, Taoyuan City 333, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Tang Ting
- Department of Medical Education, Taipei Municipal Wanfang Hospital, No. 111, Sec. 3, Xinglong Rd., Wenshan District, Taipei City 116, Taiwan
| | - Yu Chiang Hung
- Department of Chinese Medicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, No. 123, Dapi Road, Niaosong District, Kaohsiung City 833401, Taiwan
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Sandulovici RC, Carmen-Marinela M, Grigoroiu A, Moldovan CA, Savin M, Ordeanu V, Voicu SN, Cord D, Costache GM, Galatanu ML, Popescu M, Sarbu I, Mati E, Ionescu LE, Neagu R, Ţucureanu V, Claudia RM, Mihalache I, Romanitan C, Piperea-Sianu A, Boldeiu A, Brincoveanu O, Manea CE, Firtat B, Muscalu GS, Dragomir D. The Physicochemical and Antimicrobial Properties of Silver/Gold Nanoparticles Obtained by "Green Synthesis" from Willow Bark and Their Formulations as Potential Innovative Pharmaceutical Substances. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2022; 16:ph16010048. [PMID: 36678545 PMCID: PMC9867178 DOI: 10.3390/ph16010048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2022] [Revised: 12/09/2022] [Accepted: 12/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Green chemistry is a pharmaceutical industry tool, which, when implemented correctly, can lead to a minimization in resource consumption and waste. An aqueous extract of Salix alba L. was employed for the efficient and rapid synthesis of silver/gold particle nanostructures via an inexpensive, nontoxic and eco-friendly procedure. The nanoparticles were physicochemically characterized using ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy (UV-Vis), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), dynamic light scattering (DLS), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM), with the best stability of up to one year in the solution obtained for silver nanoparticles without any chemical additives. A comparison of the antimicrobial effect of silver/gold nanoparticles and their formulations (hydrogels, ointments, aqueous solutions) showed that both metallic nanoparticles have antibacterial and antibiofilm effects, with silver-based hydrogels having particularly high antibiofilm efficiency. The highest antibacterial and antibiofilm efficacies were obtained against Pseudomonas aeruginosa when using silver nanoparticle hydrogels, with antibiofilm efficacies of over 75% registered. The hydrogels incorporating green nanoparticles displayed a 200% increased bacterial efficiency when compared to the controls and their components. All silver nanoparticle formulations were ecologically obtained by "green synthesis" and were shown to have an antimicrobial effect or potential as keratinocyte-acting pharmaceutical substances for ameliorating infectious psoriasis wounds.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mihailescu Carmen-Marinela
- Pharmacy Faculty, “Titu Maiorescu” University, 16 Sincai, 040314 Bucharest, Romania
- National Institute for Research and Development in Microtechnologies (IMT Bucharest), 126A Erou Iancu Nicolae Street, 72996 Bucharest, Romania
- Correspondence: (M.C.-M.); (L.E.I.)
| | - Alexandru Grigoroiu
- National Institute for Research and Development in Microtechnologies (IMT Bucharest), 126A Erou Iancu Nicolae Street, 72996 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Carmen Aura Moldovan
- National Institute for Research and Development in Microtechnologies (IMT Bucharest), 126A Erou Iancu Nicolae Street, 72996 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Mihaela Savin
- National Institute for Research and Development in Microtechnologies (IMT Bucharest), 126A Erou Iancu Nicolae Street, 72996 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Viorel Ordeanu
- Pharmacy Faculty, “Titu Maiorescu” University, 16 Sincai, 040314 Bucharest, Romania
- “Cantacuzino” National Institute for Medical-Military Research-Development, 050096 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Sorina Nicoleta Voicu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biology, University of Bucharest, 91–95 Splaiul Independentei, 050095 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Daniel Cord
- Pharmacy Faculty, “Titu Maiorescu” University, 16 Sincai, 040314 Bucharest, Romania
| | | | | | - Mariana Popescu
- Pharmacy Faculty, “Titu Maiorescu” University, 16 Sincai, 040314 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Iulian Sarbu
- Pharmacy Faculty, “Titu Maiorescu” University, 16 Sincai, 040314 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Erand Mati
- Pharmacy Faculty, “Titu Maiorescu” University, 16 Sincai, 040314 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Lucia Elena Ionescu
- “Cantacuzino” National Institute for Medical-Military Research-Development, 050096 Bucharest, Romania
- Correspondence: (M.C.-M.); (L.E.I.)
| | - Răzvan Neagu
- “Cantacuzino” National Institute for Medical-Military Research-Development, 050096 Bucharest, Romania
- Faculty of Pharmacy, “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 050474 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Vasilica Ţucureanu
- National Institute for Research and Development in Microtechnologies (IMT Bucharest), 126A Erou Iancu Nicolae Street, 72996 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Rîmbu Mirela Claudia
- Pharmacy Faculty, “Titu Maiorescu” University, 16 Sincai, 040314 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Iuliana Mihalache
- National Institute for Research and Development in Microtechnologies (IMT Bucharest), 126A Erou Iancu Nicolae Street, 72996 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Cosmin Romanitan
- National Institute for Research and Development in Microtechnologies (IMT Bucharest), 126A Erou Iancu Nicolae Street, 72996 Bucharest, Romania
| | | | - Adina Boldeiu
- National Institute for Research and Development in Microtechnologies (IMT Bucharest), 126A Erou Iancu Nicolae Street, 72996 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Oana Brincoveanu
- National Institute for Research and Development in Microtechnologies (IMT Bucharest), 126A Erou Iancu Nicolae Street, 72996 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Carmen Elisabeta Manea
- Pharmacy Faculty, “Titu Maiorescu” University, 16 Sincai, 040314 Bucharest, Romania
- Horia Hulubei National Institute for R&D in Physics and Nuclear Engineering, 30 Reactorului Street, 077125 Magurele, Romania
| | - Bogdan Firtat
- National Institute for Research and Development in Microtechnologies (IMT Bucharest), 126A Erou Iancu Nicolae Street, 72996 Bucharest, Romania
| | - George Stelian Muscalu
- National Institute for Research and Development in Microtechnologies (IMT Bucharest), 126A Erou Iancu Nicolae Street, 72996 Bucharest, Romania
| | - David Dragomir
- National Institute for Research and Development in Microtechnologies (IMT Bucharest), 126A Erou Iancu Nicolae Street, 72996 Bucharest, Romania
- Faculty of Mechanical Engineering and Mechatronics, University Politehnica of Bucharest, Splaiul Independentei 313, 060042 Bucharest, Romania
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Dou J, Ilina P, Hemming J, Malinen K, Mäkkylä H, Oliveira de Farias N, Tammela P, de Aragão Umbuzeiro G, Räisänen R, Vuorinen T. Effect of Hybrid Type and Harvesting Season on Phytochemistry and Antibacterial Activity of Extracted Metabolites from Salix Bark. J Agric Food Chem 2022; 70:2948-2956. [PMID: 35200036 PMCID: PMC8915259 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.1c08161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2021] [Revised: 02/09/2022] [Accepted: 02/10/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Hundreds of different fast-growing Salix hybrids have been developed mainly for energy crops. In this paper, we studied water extracts from the bark of 15 willow hybrids and species as potential antimicrobial additives. Treatment of ground bark in water under mild conditions extracted 12-25% of the dry material. Preparative high-performance liquid chromatography is proven here as a fast and highly efficient tool in the small-scale recovery of raffinose from Salix bark crude extracts for structural elucidation. Less than half of the dissolved material was assigned by chromatographic (gas chromatography and liquid chromatography) and spectroscopic (mass spectrometry and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy) techniques for low-molecular-weight compounds, including mono- and oligosaccharides (sucrose, raffinose, and stachyose) and aromatic phytochemicals (triandrin, catechin, salicin, and picein). The composition of the extracts varied greatly depending on the hybrid or species and the harvesting season. This information generated new scientific knowledge on the variation in the content and composition of the extracts between Salix hybrids and harvesting season depending on the desired molecule. The extracts showed high antibacterial activity on Staphylococcus aureus with a minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) of 0.6-0.8 mg/mL; however, no inhibition was observed against Escherichia coli, Enterococcus faecalis, and Salmonella typhimurium. MIC of triandrin (i.e., 1.25 mg/mL) is reported for the first time. Although antibacterial triandrin and (+)-catechin were present in extracts, clear correlation between the antibacterial effect and the chemical composition was not established, which indicates that antibacterial activity of the extracts mainly originates from some not yet elucidated substances. Aquatic toxicity and mutagenicity assessments showed the safe usage of Salix water extracts as possible antibacterial additives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinze Dou
- Department
of Bioproducts and Biosystems, School of Chemical Engineering, Aalto University, Espoo 02150, Finland
| | - Polina Ilina
- Drug
Research Program, Division of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Faculty
of Pharmacy, University of Helsinki, Helsinki 00014, Finland
| | - Jarl Hemming
- Johan
Gadolin Process Chemistry Centre, c/o Laboratory of Natural Materials
Technology, Åbo Akademi University, Turku 20500, Finland
| | - Kiia Malinen
- Department
of Bioproducts and Biosystems, School of Chemical Engineering, Aalto University, Espoo 02150, Finland
| | - Heidi Mäkkylä
- Drug
Research Program, Division of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Faculty
of Pharmacy, University of Helsinki, Helsinki 00014, Finland
| | - Natália Oliveira de Farias
- Laboratory
of Ecotoxicology and Genotoxicity—LAEG, School of Technology, University of Campinas, Campinas 13083-970, Brazil
| | - Päivi Tammela
- Drug
Research Program, Division of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Faculty
of Pharmacy, University of Helsinki, Helsinki 00014, Finland
| | - Gisela de Aragão Umbuzeiro
- Laboratory
of Ecotoxicology and Genotoxicity—LAEG, School of Technology, University of Campinas, Campinas 13083-970, Brazil
| | - Riikka Räisänen
- HELSUS
Helsinki Institute of Sustainability Science, Craft Studies, University of Helsinki, Helsinki 00014, Finland
| | - Tapani Vuorinen
- Department
of Bioproducts and Biosystems, School of Chemical Engineering, Aalto University, Espoo 02150, Finland
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Gomes JVD, Herz C, Helmig S, Förster N, Mewis I, Lamy E. Drug-Drug Interaction Potential, Cytotoxicity, and Reactive Oxygen Species Production of Salix Cortex Extracts Using Human Hepatocyte-Like HepaRG Cells. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:779801. [PMID: 34867410 PMCID: PMC8636986 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.779801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2021] [Accepted: 10/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Herbal preparations of willow bark (Salix cortex) are available in many countries as non-prescription medicines for pain and inflammation, and also as dietary supplements. Currently only little information on toxicity and drug interaction potential of the extracts is available. This study now evaluated the effects of two Salix cortex extracts on human hepatocyte-like HepaRG cells, in view of clinically relevant CYP450 enzyme activity modulation, cytotoxicity and production of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Drug metabolism via the CYP450 enzyme system is considered an important parameter for the occurrence of drug-drug interactions, which can lead to toxicity, decreased pharmacological activity, and adverse drug reactions. We evaluated two different bark extracts standardized to 10 mg/ml phenolic content. Herein, extract S6 (S. pentandra, containing 8.15 mg/ml total salicylates and 0.08 mg/ml salicin) and extract B (industrial reference, containing 5.35 mg/ml total salicylates and 2.26 mg/ml salicin) were tested. Both Salix cortex extracts showed no relevant reduction in cell viability or increase in ROS production in hepatocyte-like HepaRG cells. However, they reduced CYP1A2 and CYP3A4 enzyme activity after 48 h at ≥25 μg/ml, this was statistically significant only for S6. CYP2C19 activity inhibition (0.5 h) was also observed at ≥25 μg/ml, mRNA expression inhibition by 48 h treatment with S6 at 25 μg/ml. In conclusion, at higher concentrations, the tested Salix cortex extracts showed a drug interaction potential, but with different potency. Given the high prevalence of polypharmacy, particularly in the elderly with chronic pain, further systematic studies of Salix species of medical interest should be conducted in the future to more accurately determine the risk of potential drug interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- João Victor Dutra Gomes
- Molecular Preventive Medicine, University Medical Center and Faculty of Medicine-University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Corinna Herz
- Molecular Preventive Medicine, University Medical Center and Faculty of Medicine-University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Simone Helmig
- Institute for Occupational and Social Medicine and Department of Anesthesiology, Justus-Liebig University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Nadja Förster
- Division Urban Plant Ecophysiology, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Inga Mewis
- Division Urban Plant Ecophysiology, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Evelyn Lamy
- Molecular Preventive Medicine, University Medical Center and Faculty of Medicine-University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
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Abstract
Although extractives have been symbolized as major bioactive pharmacological compounds from Salix (Salicaceae) bark, we speculated that these pharmaceutical effects cannot be solely attributed to phenolic components and their derivatives, but the long-chain suberin acids also contribute to their therapeutic effects. Hence, isolation and deconstruction of suberin were conducted, for the first time, to enrich our knowledge about the macromolecular components at the cell wall of willow bark. Saponification was adopted to obtain suberin extracts at a yield of approximately 5 wt % based on the bark of the studied hybrids. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry allowed qualification and quantification of 23 compounds from the released suberin monomers, from which fatty acids represented majority of the isolated suberin, namely, fatty acid methyl esters (C17-C19); mono-carboxylic acid (C7-C16); alpha, omega-dicarboxylic acid (C7-C16); and omega-hydroxy long-chain fatty acids (C16-C22). Additionally, the lipophilic extractive was dominated by piceol, heptacosane, β-sitosterol, and fatty acids (C16-C28) from the studied hybrids. These findings could boost our integrative approach toward full valorization of willow bark.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinze Dou
- Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems, School of Chemical Engineering, Aalto University, Espoo FI-00076, Finland
| | - Dmitry V Evtuguin
- CICECO/Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, Aveiro 3810-193, Portugal
| | - Tapani Vuorinen
- Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems, School of Chemical Engineering, Aalto University, Espoo FI-00076, Finland
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Le NPK, Herz C, Gomes JVD, Förster N, Antoniadou K, Mittermeier-Kleßinger VK, Mewis I, Dawid C, Ulrichs C, Lamy E. Comparative Anti-Inflammatory Effects of Salix Cortex Extracts and Acetylsalicylic Acid in SARS-CoV-2 Peptide and LPS-Activated Human In Vitro Systems. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22136766. [PMID: 34201817 PMCID: PMC8268791 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22136766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2021] [Revised: 06/15/2021] [Accepted: 06/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The usefulness of anti-inflammatory drugs as an adjunct therapy to improve outcomes in COVID-19 patients is intensely discussed in this paper. Willow bark (Salix cortex) has been used for centuries to relieve pain, inflammation, and fever. Its main active ingredient, salicin, is metabolized in the human body into salicylic acid, the precursor of the commonly used pain drug acetylsalicylic acid (ASA). Here, we report on the in vitro anti-inflammatory efficacy of two methanolic Salix extracts, standardized to phenolic compounds, in comparison to ASA in the context of a SARS-CoV-2 peptide challenge. Using SARS-CoV-2 peptide/IL-1β- or LPS-activated human PBMCs and an inflammatory intestinal Caco-2/HT29-MTX co-culture, Salix extracts, and ASA concentration-dependently suppressed prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), a principal mediator of inflammation. The inhibition of COX-2 enzyme activity, but not protein expression was observed for ASA and one Salix extract. In activated PBMCs, the suppression of relevant cytokines (i.e., IL-6, IL-1β, and IL-10) was seen for both Salix extracts. The anti-inflammatory capacity of Salix extracts was still retained after transepithelial passage and liver cell metabolism in an advanced co-culture model system consisting of intestinal Caco-2/HT29-MTX cells and differentiated hepatocyte-like HepaRG cells. Taken together, our in vitro data suggest that Salix extracts might present an additional anti-inflammatory treatment option in the context of SARS-CoV-2 peptides challenge; however, more confirmatory data are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nguyen Phan Khoi Le
- Molecular Preventive Medicine, University Medical Center and Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, 79108 Freiburg, Germany; (N.P.K.L.); (C.H.); (J.V.D.G.)
| | - Corinna Herz
- Molecular Preventive Medicine, University Medical Center and Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, 79108 Freiburg, Germany; (N.P.K.L.); (C.H.); (J.V.D.G.)
| | - João Victor Dutra Gomes
- Molecular Preventive Medicine, University Medical Center and Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, 79108 Freiburg, Germany; (N.P.K.L.); (C.H.); (J.V.D.G.)
| | - Nadja Förster
- Division Urban Plant Ecophysiology, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, 14195 Berlin, Germany; (N.F.); (I.M.); (C.U.)
| | - Kyriaki Antoniadou
- Food Chemistry and Molecular Sensory Science, Technical University of Munich, Lise-Meitner-Str. 34, 85354 Freising, Germany; (K.A.); (V.K.M.-K.); (C.D.)
| | - Verena Karolin Mittermeier-Kleßinger
- Food Chemistry and Molecular Sensory Science, Technical University of Munich, Lise-Meitner-Str. 34, 85354 Freising, Germany; (K.A.); (V.K.M.-K.); (C.D.)
| | - Inga Mewis
- Division Urban Plant Ecophysiology, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, 14195 Berlin, Germany; (N.F.); (I.M.); (C.U.)
| | - Corinna Dawid
- Food Chemistry and Molecular Sensory Science, Technical University of Munich, Lise-Meitner-Str. 34, 85354 Freising, Germany; (K.A.); (V.K.M.-K.); (C.D.)
| | - Christian Ulrichs
- Division Urban Plant Ecophysiology, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, 14195 Berlin, Germany; (N.F.); (I.M.); (C.U.)
| | - Evelyn Lamy
- Molecular Preventive Medicine, University Medical Center and Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, 79108 Freiburg, Germany; (N.P.K.L.); (C.H.); (J.V.D.G.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-761-270-82150
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Saracila M, Panaite TD, Papuc CP, Criste RD. Heat Stress in Broiler Chickens and the Effect of Dietary Polyphenols, with Special Reference to Willow ( Salix spp .) Bark Supplements-A Review. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10050686. [PMID: 33925609 PMCID: PMC8146860 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10050686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Revised: 04/20/2021] [Accepted: 04/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Over the last decade, there has been a growing interest in the use of a wide range of phytoadditives to counteract the harmful effects of heat stress in poultry. Willow (Salix spp.) is a tree with a long history. Among various forms, willow bark is an important natural source of salicin, β-O-glucoside of saligenin, but also of polyphenols (flavonoids and condensed tannins) with antioxidant, antimicrobial, and anti-inflammatory activity. In light of this, the current review presents some literature data aiming to: (1) describe the relationship between heat stress and oxidative stress in broilers, (2) present or summarize literature data on the chemical composition of Salix species, (3) summarize the mechanisms of action of willow bark in heat-stressed broilers, and (4) present different biological effects of the extract of Salix species in different experimental models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mihaela Saracila
- National Research-Development Institute for Animal Biology and Nutrition (IBNA), Calea Bucuresti, 1, Balotesti, 077015 Ilfov, Romania; (T.D.P.); (R.D.C.)
- Faculty of Animal Production Engineering and Management, University of Agronomic Sciences and Veterinary Medicine of Bucharest, 59 Marasti Blvd, District 1, 011464 Bucharest, Romania
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +40-21-351-2081
| | - Tatiana Dumitra Panaite
- National Research-Development Institute for Animal Biology and Nutrition (IBNA), Calea Bucuresti, 1, Balotesti, 077015 Ilfov, Romania; (T.D.P.); (R.D.C.)
| | - Camelia Puia Papuc
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Agronomic Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, 105 Splaiul Independentei, 050097 Bucharest, Romania;
- Academy of Romanian Scientists (AOSR), 54 Splaiul Independentei, 050094 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Rodica Diana Criste
- National Research-Development Institute for Animal Biology and Nutrition (IBNA), Calea Bucuresti, 1, Balotesti, 077015 Ilfov, Romania; (T.D.P.); (R.D.C.)
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Hobisch MA, Phiri J, Dou J, Gane P, Vuorinen T, Bauer W, Prehal C, Maloney T, Spirk S. Willow Bark for Sustainable Energy Storage Systems. Materials (Basel) 2020; 13:ma13041016. [PMID: 32102362 PMCID: PMC7078613 DOI: 10.3390/ma13041016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2019] [Revised: 02/04/2020] [Accepted: 02/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
Abstract
Willow bark is a byproduct from forestry and is obtained at an industrial scale. We upcycled this byproduct in a two-step procedure into sustainable electrode materials for symmetrical supercapacitors using organic electrolytes. The procedure employed precarbonization followed by carbonization using different types of KOH activation protocols. The obtained electrode materials had a hierarchically organized pore structure and featured a high specific surface area (>2500 m2 g−1) and pore volume (up to 1.48 cm3 g−1). The assembled supercapacitors exhibited capacitances up to 147 F g−1 in organic electrolytes concomitant with excellent cycling performance over 10,000 cycles at 0.6 A g−1 using coin cells. The best materials exhibited a capacity retention of 75% when changing scan rates from 2 to 100 mV s−1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mathias Andreas Hobisch
- Institute of Paper, Pulp and Fibre Technology, Graz University of Technology, Inffeldgasse 23, 8010 Graz, Austria; (M.A.H.); (W.B.)
| | - Josphat Phiri
- Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems, Aalto University, Vuorimiehentie 1, 02150 Espoo, Finland; (J.P.); (J.D.); (P.G.); (T.V.)
| | - Jinze Dou
- Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems, Aalto University, Vuorimiehentie 1, 02150 Espoo, Finland; (J.P.); (J.D.); (P.G.); (T.V.)
| | - Patrick Gane
- Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems, Aalto University, Vuorimiehentie 1, 02150 Espoo, Finland; (J.P.); (J.D.); (P.G.); (T.V.)
| | - Tapani Vuorinen
- Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems, Aalto University, Vuorimiehentie 1, 02150 Espoo, Finland; (J.P.); (J.D.); (P.G.); (T.V.)
| | - Wolfgang Bauer
- Institute of Paper, Pulp and Fibre Technology, Graz University of Technology, Inffeldgasse 23, 8010 Graz, Austria; (M.A.H.); (W.B.)
| | - Christian Prehal
- Institute for Chemistry and Technology of Materials, Graz University of Technology, Stremayrgasse 9, 8010 Graz, Austria;
| | - Thaddeus Maloney
- Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems, Aalto University, Vuorimiehentie 1, 02150 Espoo, Finland; (J.P.); (J.D.); (P.G.); (T.V.)
- Correspondence: (T.M.); (S.S.); Tel.: +43-316-873-30763 (S.S.)
| | - Stefan Spirk
- Institute of Paper, Pulp and Fibre Technology, Graz University of Technology, Inffeldgasse 23, 8010 Graz, Austria; (M.A.H.); (W.B.)
- Correspondence: (T.M.); (S.S.); Tel.: +43-316-873-30763 (S.S.)
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Wiesneth S, Petereit F, Jürgenliemk G. Salix daphnoides: A Screening for Oligomeric and Polymeric Proanthocyanidins. Molecules 2015; 20:13764-79. [PMID: 26230683 PMCID: PMC6332011 DOI: 10.3390/molecules200813764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2015] [Revised: 07/08/2015] [Accepted: 07/16/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
In the present study, a qualitative analysis of proanthocyanidins (PAs) from an aqueous-methanolic extract of Salix daphnoides VILL. bark is described. Procyanidin B1 (1), B2 (2), B3 (3), B4 (4), C1 (5), epicatechin-(4β→8)-epicatechin-(4β→8)-catechin (6) and epicatechin-(4β→8)-epicatechin-(4β→8)-epicatechin-(4β→8)-catechin (7) have been isolated by a combination of different chromatographic separations on Sephadex® LH-20-, MCI®-, Diol-and RP-18-phases. Mass spectrometry, 1D- and 2D-NMR, circular dichroism and polarimetry were used for their structure elucidation and verification by comparison with the literature. Additionally, two fractions of very polar flavan-3-ols were compared: "regular" polymeric PAs received at the very end of the Sephadex® LH-20 chromatography showing no mobility on silica TLC and "unusual" PAs with the same RF-value but already eluting together with flavonoids in the Sephadex® LH-20 system. These "unusual" PAs were subsequently enriched by centrifugal partition chromatography (CPC). 13C-NMR, polarimetry, thiolysis, acid hydrolysis and phloroglucinol degradation were used to characterize both fractions. Differences in the composition of different flavan-3-ol units and the middle chain length were observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Wiesneth
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Biology, Universitätsstr. 31, Regensburg D-93053, Germany.
| | - Frank Petereit
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Biology and Phytochemistry (IPBP), Corrensstr. 48, Münster D-48149, Germany.
| | - Guido Jürgenliemk
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Biology, Universitätsstr. 31, Regensburg D-93053, Germany.
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Vlachojannis C, Magora F, Chrubasik-Hausmann S. Pro and contra duration restriction of treatment with willow bark extract. Phytother Res 2013; 28:148-9. [PMID: 23703781 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.5008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2013] [Accepted: 03/24/2013] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- C Vlachojannis
- Institute of Forensic Medicine, University of Freiburg, Albertstr. 9, 79104, Freiburg, Germany
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