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Ghane Y, Heidari N, Hosseini S, Heidari A, Pishraft-Sabet H, Eghbali S, Goodarzi A. Efficacy and safety of lasers versus topical medications for acanthosis nigricans and pseudo-acanthosis nigricans treatment: a systematic review. Lasers Med Sci 2024; 39:44. [PMID: 38253899 DOI: 10.1007/s10103-024-03986-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2023] [Accepted: 01/04/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024]
Abstract
Acanthosis nigricans (AN) is a cutaneous disorder identified by well-defined pigmented plaques mostly detected on skin folds. Timely diagnosis and treatment of AN is essential as it could be an early manifestation of an underlying condition. The treatment of choice for AN has not been determined yet. Our study aimed to compare the efficacy and safety of various lasers with topical medications, including cream and peel. PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science databases, as well as the Google Scholar search engine, were thoroughly searched until May 1st, 2023. Study selection was restricted to clinical trials published in English language comparing lasers with topical treatments. This study followed the PRISMA guidelines for systematic reviews and meta-analyses. Out of 1748 studies, Six clinical trials met our inclusion criteria, with 133 patients. We examined laser therapies, including fractional CO2 laser, 1550-nm erbium fiber laser, and long-pulsed alexandrite laser, while the topical treatments comprised glycolic acid (GA) peel, retinoic acid peel, trichloroacetic acid (TCA) peel, and tretinoin cream. In two studies, GA peel demonstrated favorable results compared to fractional CO2 laser. Besides, fractional CO2 laser exhibited efficacy, surpassing TCA peel in AN management. Additionally, a fractional 1550-nm erbium fiber laser displayed superiority over tretinoin cream in reducing average roughness. Similarly, a long-pulsed alexandrite laser demonstrated its effectiveness in axillary AN treatment compared to the combination of tretinoin and ammonium lactate. Overall, the findings revealed that laser therapy was associated with superior results. Moreover, topical treatments are safe and efficacious in AN management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yekta Ghane
- School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Nazila Heidari
- School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - SeyedAyin Hosseini
- School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Amirhossein Heidari
- Faculty of Medicine, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Sara Eghbali
- School of Medicine, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
| | - Azadeh Goodarzi
- Department of Dermatology, Rasool Akram Medical Complex Clinical Research Development Center (RCRDC), School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences (IUMS), Sattarkhan Avenue, Niayesh Street, Tehran, 1445613131, Iran.
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2
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Abstract
Diabetes mellitus is a significant worldwide health concern and cutaneous manifestations are common. This review describes characteristic skin findings of diabetes, general skin findings related to diabetes, and findings related to diabetes treatment with a focus on clinical presentation, diagnosis, pathophysiology, epidemiology, and treatment. As the prevalence of diabetes continues to rise, cutaneous manifestations of diabetes mellitus likely will be encountered more frequently by physicians in all disciplines including dermatologists and primary care physicians. Accordingly, knowledge regarding the prevention, diagnosis, and management of cutaneous manifestations is an important aspect in the care of patients with diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alex Hines
- Department of Internal Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Afsaneh Alavi
- Department of Dermatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Mark D P Davis
- Department of Dermatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA.
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3
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O'Brien B, Dahiya R, Kimble R. Hyperandrogenism, insulin resistance and acanthosis nigricans (HAIR-AN syndrome): an extreme subphenotype of polycystic ovary syndrome. BMJ Case Rep 2020; 13:e231749. [PMID: 32276996 PMCID: PMC7167451 DOI: 10.1136/bcr-2019-231749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
HAIR-AN-a syndrome of hyperandrogenism (HA), insulin resistance (IR) and acanthosis nigricans (AN)-is a specific subphenotype of polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), and it is seen in almost 5% of all women with hyperandrogenism. An adolescent girl aged 11 years old was referred with adrenarche, hyperandrogenism and obesity commencing at age 8. Clinical and biochemical investigations confirmed significant hyperandrogenism and insulin resistance, and a diagnosis of HAIR-AN syndrome was made after exclusion of other differential diagnoses. HAIR-AN syndrome is an important diagnosis for the adolescent gynaecologist to be aware of, and it requires a multidisciplinary approach, including endocrinology input, for optimal management. Weight loss, lifestyle modification and combined hormonal pill and metformin are considered first-line treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brooke O'Brien
- Paediatric and Adolescent Gynaecology, Department of Paediatric Surgery, Queensland Children's Hospital, South Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
- School of Medicine, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland, Australia
| | - Rachana Dahiya
- School of Medicine, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland, Australia
- Department of Endocrinology, Queensland Children's Hospital, South Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Rebecca Kimble
- Paediatric and Adolescent Gynaecology, Department of Paediatric Surgery, Queensland Children's Hospital, South Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
- Women's and Newborn Services, Royal Brisbane and Woman's Hospital Health Service District, Herston, Queensland, Australia
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4
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Plensdorf S, Livieratos M, Dada N. Pigmentation Disorders: Diagnosis and Management. Am Fam Physician 2017; 96:797-804. [PMID: 29431372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Pigmentation disorders are commonly diagnosed, evaluated, and treated in primary care practices. Typical hyperpigmentation disorders include postinflammatory hyperpigmentation, melasma, solar lentigines, ephelides (freckles), and café au lait macules. These conditions are generally benign but can be distressing to patients. Appropriate dermatologic history, skin examination, and skin biopsy, when appropriate, can help exclude melanoma and its precursors. In addition to addressing the underlying condition, hyperpigmentation is treated with topical agents, chemical peels, cryotherapy, light or laser therapy, or a combination of these methods. Café au lait macules are treated with surgical excision or laser therapy if treatment is desired. Hypopigmentation disorders include vitiligo, pityriasis alba, tinea versicolor, and postinflammatory hypopigmentation. Treatment of vitiligo depends on the distribution and extent of skin involvement, and includes topical corticosteroids and calcineurin inhibitors, ultraviolet A therapy (with or without psoralens), narrowband ultraviolet B therapy, and cosmetic coverage. Patients with stable, self-limited vitiligo may be candidates for surgical grafting techniques, whereas those with extensive disease may be candidates for depigmentation therapy to make skin tone appear more even. Other hypopigmentation disorders may improve or resolve with treatment of the underlying condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Scott Plensdorf
- Lancaster General Health Family Medicine Residency Program, Lancaster, PA, USA
| | | | - Nabil Dada
- Norton Audobon Hospital, Louisville, KY, USA
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5
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Cheng E, Roy DB, Magro CM. A case of acanthosis nigricans coexisting with mycosis fungoides. Dermatol Online J 2015; 21:13030/qt3sw2t3b8. [PMID: 26436975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2015] [Accepted: 07/15/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Acanthosis nigricans maligna (ANM) is a paraneoplastic phenomenon most commonly associated with visceral adenocarcinoma, in particular, gastric adenocarcinoma. Clinically, AMN is characterized by rapidly progressive symmetrical skin thickening and hyperpigmentation of the intertriginous areas with peripheral acrochorda. The diagnosis is made by a detailed medical work-up for occult malignancies with particular emphasis on endocrinological diseases. We report a 67-year-old man that presented clinically with acanthosis nigricans, in which a subsequent diagnosis of mycosis fungoides was made.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Cynthia M Magro
- NewYork Presbyterian Hospital - Weill Cornell Medical Center
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6
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De Sanctis V, Soliman A, Marsciani A, Timoncini G, Reggiani L, Zucchini A, Altieri E. Acanthosis nigricans in adolescents: a practical approach. Georgian Med News 2013:73-78. [PMID: 24099818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Acanthosis nigricans (AN) is a lesion affecting localized areas of the skin in persons with obesity and/or hyperinsulinemia. Biochemical mechanisms responsible for developing this hyperplastic lesion are unclear, but likely involve local cutaneous growth factors. It is associated with obesity, endocrinopathies (insulin resistance, diabetes mellitus, Cushing disease and acromegaly) and visceral malignancies. Clinicians should recognize AN because it may herald disorders ranging from endocrine disturbances to malignancy. Early recognition of these conditions is essential to identify children who are at highest risk for developing type 2 diabetes and further metabolic abnormalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- V De Sanctis
- Pediatric and Adolescent Outpatient Clinic, Quisisana Hospital, Ferrara, Italy; Department of Pediatrics, Hamad Medical Center (HMC), Doha, Qatar; Pediatric Unit, Rimini, Italy; Pediatrician, Forlì, Italy; Pediatrician, Imola, Italy; Pediatric Unit, Faenza, Italy; Dermatologist, Quisisana Hospital, Ferrara, Italy
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Abstract
With the rising incidence of diabetes mellitus (DM) in the US, it is of paramount importance that practitioners understand the complications of DM and how best to manage them. Diabetes affects every organ system and the skin is no exception. There are numerous cutaneous manifestations of DM that have similar etiologies and result from the same pathologic mechanisms as the internal complications of this disease state. In addition, skin manifestations may precede the diagnosis of diabetes. The present article reviews both the common and less common cutaneous manifestations of DM, including presenting lesions, pathogenesis, and management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren Levy
- Mt Sinai Medical Center, New York, New York 10029, USA
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Mathur AN, Goebel L. Skin findings associated with obesity. Adolesc Med State Art Rev 2011; 22:146-ix. [PMID: 21815449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
We are facing an obesity epidemic in adolescents in the United States. Thus, practitioners will need to become familiar with cutaneous findings associated with obesity in order to diagnose and treat them properly. This article addresses some of the cutaneous findings associated with obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anubhav N Mathur
- Department of Dermatology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA.
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9
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Abstract
Dermatologic eruptions can be generalized or localized to specific areas of the body. Eruptions in specific body regions may suggest specific diagnosis. Recognizing such clinical patterns can facilitate the identification of the underlying pathology. In this contribution, we shall discuss those dermatologic lesions that tend to affect the flexure and extensor surfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zain Husain
- Department of Dermatology, UMDNJ-New Jersey Medical School, 185 South Orange Avenue, Medical Science Building Room C520, Newark, NJ 07103-2714, USA
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Nimblett A. A telltale lesion. Acanthosis nigricans in children can be a precursor of type 2 diabetes. Adv NPs PAs 2011; 2:45-50. [PMID: 21469586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
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11
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de Waal AC, van Rossum MM, Bovenschen HJ. Extensive segmental acanthosis nigricans form of epidermal nevus. Dermatol Online J 2010; 16:7. [PMID: 20579462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Eight cases of the acanthosis nigricans form of epidermal nevus have been described in literature. The present case is impressive and has an extensive segmental distribution. Although etiological factors, such as mutations in the FGFR3 gene, are becoming recognized, treatment options remain limited. We present a case of a 14-year-old male with multiple hyperpigmented, hyperkeratotic plaques on the upper body, axillae, and groin with a segmental distribution following Blaschko lines. Histopathological investigation showed aspects of both acanthosis nigricans and epidermal nevus. So far, screening has not revealed any internal abnormalities. As previous cases show a clear association with internal diseases, repetitive screening for internal diseases and syndromes is suggested in the case of the acanthosis nigricans form of epidermal nevus. Treatment of the condition remains a challenge.
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Kapoor S. Diagnosis and treatment of Acanthosis nigricans. Skinmed 2010; 8:161-165. [PMID: 21137622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Acanthosis nigricans is a dermatologic condition commonly seen in diabetics and obese individuals. Histologically, it is characterized by the proliferation of epidermal keratinocytes and fibroblasts. Clinically, the lesions appear as dark-brown thickened plaques. The neck and the axillas are the most commonly affected sites. Treatment involves management of the underlying disorder. Topical tretinoin and calcipotriol have also been used with some limited success. Other treatment options include laser and surgical excision.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shailendra Kapoor
- Department of Family Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA.
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13
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Krause W. [Acanthosis nigricans]. MMW Fortschr Med 2009; 151:41-43. [PMID: 19526967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Walter Krause
- Universitäts-Hautklinik, Philipps-Universität, Marburg.
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14
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Weightman W, Phillips PJJ. Pigmented and thickened axillary folds. Aust Fam Physician 2007; 36:847. [PMID: 17925908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Andrew, 45 years of age, presents with a 12 month history of dark, thickened skin in both axillae. He is concerned about the appearance and would like to know how to treat it. He is moderately obese, with a body mass index (BMI)of 31.2 kg (BMI = weight [kg] + height(2) [m(2)]) but is otherwise well and on no medication. There is no family history of any similar skin disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Warren Weightman
- Dermatology, The Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Woodville, South Australia.
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15
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Tschen JA, Tschen JA. Acanthosis nigricans. Dermatol Nurs 2007; 19:378. [PMID: 17874609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jose A Tschen
- Fifth Pathway Program, New York Medical College, New York, NY, USA
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16
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Abstract
Acanthosis nigricans is a velvety thickening of the epidermis that primarily affects the axillae, posterior neck fold, flexor skin surfaces, and umbilicus, and infrequently is diffuse with involvement of the mucosal surfaces. It is increasingly seen in children and adolescents who are obese, and can serve as a cutaneous marker of insulin resistance and malignancy. Although malignancy-associated acanthosis nigricans is rare in the pediatric population, one need be concerned about its association with certain pediatric syndromes. More importantly, insulin resistance itself can also represent a threat to life. We review this important disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Smeeta Sinha
- Department of Dermatology, New Jersey Medical School, Newark, New Jersey 07103, USA
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Inagaki K, Suzuki A, Nagata M, Sekiguchi S, Itoi T, Asano S, Hiroaki K, Hayakawa N, Oda N, Itoh M. [Metformine hydrochloride reduces both acanthosis nigricans and insulin resistance in Japanese young female]. Nihon Naika Gakkai Zasshi 2006; 95:2550-2. [PMID: 17240887 DOI: 10.2169/naika.95.2550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Kazumichi Inagaki
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Fujita Health University, Toyoake
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18
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Abstract
HAIR-AN syndrome (hyperandrogenism, insulin resistance, acanthosis nigricans) is a subset of the polycystic ovary syndrome, where the patients demonstrate severe insulin resistance. It is theorized that both genetic and environmental factors, such as obesity, give rise to the development of HAIR-AN. Diagnosis is primarily clinical, with laboratory values lending further support. Treatment is aimed at decreasing insulin resistance, regulating ovulation, and decreasing acne, acanthosis nigricans, and hirsutism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristin M. Rager
- Department of Pediatrics,
University of Kentucky College of Medicine,
Lexington,
KY 40536,
USA
| | - Hatim A. Omar
- Department of Pediatrics,
University of Kentucky College of Medicine,
Lexington,
KY 40536,
USA
- *Hatim A. Omar:
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Spitzlberger GM, Gass C, Messmer EM. Dermale Hyperpigmentierung und Hyperkeratose mit konjunktivaler Papillomatose. Ophthalmologe 2005; 102:184-6. [PMID: 15034734 DOI: 10.1007/s00347-003-0973-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- G M Spitzlberger
- Universitätsaugenklinik, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, München.
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Williams DS. Acanthosis nigricans. J Insur Med 2005; 37:166-7. [PMID: 16060550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Acanthosis nigricans is thickened, velvety, hyperpigmented skin associated with a variety of endocrine disorders, malignancies and medications.
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Affiliation(s)
- David S Williams
- Ohio National Financial Services, One Financial Way, Cincinnati, OH 45242, USA
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Olson KK. Acanthosis nigricans. A guide to assessment and evaluation. Adv Nurse Pract 2004; 12:24-6. [PMID: 15615216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/01/2023]
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Affiliation(s)
- Lawrence E Gibson
- Department of Dermatology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, Minn 55905, USA
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Abstract
The association of acanthosis nigricans, skin tags, diabetes mellitus due to insulin resistance, and obesity in adolescents and young adults represents a well defined syndrome. Hyperandrogenism may also be present. The endocrine origin of this condition is beyond doubt. Insulin and insulin-like growth factor-1, and their receptors on keratinocytes are obviously involved in the complex regulations leading to the peculiar epidermal hyperplasia. This condition is unrelated to other types of acanthosis nigricans, including the congenital and the paraneoplastic types. Control of obesity contributes largely to reverse the whole process, essentially by reducing both insulin resistance and compensatory hyperinsulinemia. Several drugs including metformin, octreotide, retinoids and topical colecalciferol (vitamin D(3)) analogs are also beneficial in clearing acanthosis nigricans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Trinh Hermanns-Lê
- Departments of Dermatopathology, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
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Affiliation(s)
- Lawrence S Amesse
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wright State University School of Medicine, Dayton, OH, USA
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25
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Abstract
Acanthosis nigricans in obese adolescents is frequently associated with hyperinsulinemia and insulin resistance. We report three cases of this condition. In the early stage the skin lesions appeared to be erythematous and pruritic, mimicking an inflammatory dermatitis. Dietary control and oral metformin hydrochloride markedly improved the lesions. Topical calcipotriol may also help to control the skin condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Trinh Hermanns-Lê
- Department of Dermatopathology, University Medical Center of Liège, Liège, Belgium
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Kundu AK. Acanthosis nigricans revisited. J Assoc Physicians India 2001; 49:1003-6. [PMID: 11848306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/23/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- A K Kundu
- Department of Medicine, Burdwan Medical College, West Bengal
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Affiliation(s)
- H Wolff
- Klinik und Poliklinik für Dermatologie und Allergologie, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Frauenlobstrasse 9-11, 80337 München.
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Katz AS, Goff DC, Feldman SR. Acanthosis nigricans in obese patients: Presentations and implications for prevention of atherosclerotic vascular disease. Dermatol Online J 2000; 6:1. [PMID: 11328611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Acanthosis nigricans is traditionally characterized by hyperpigmented, velvety plaques of body folds. Involvement of other areas occurs as well. The condition is caused by hyperinsulinemia, a consequence of insulin resistance that occurs associated with obesity. As the frequency and degree of obesity increase in the population, a concomitant increase in acanthosis nigricans can be expected. The dermatologist has an important role in identifying the subset of obese patients with acanthosis nigricans. These patients have hyperinsulinemia and may be at greater risk of consequent atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease. It is essential for dermatologists to recognize the many presentations of acanthosis nigricans to identify patients at risk for associated medical conditions. This article illustrates a variety of presentations of acanthosis nigricans associated with insulin resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- A S Katz
- Department of Dermatology Wake Forest University School of Medicine, USA
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Abstract
Data are presented comparing non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM) and insulin dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM) in youth. Children and adolescents with NIDDM were predominantly Mexican-American, presented less frequently in ketoacidosis, had a greater frequency of family history of diabetes, had higher BMIs (27.4 vs 16.6 kg/m2), and had higher frequency of acanthosis nigricans (67% vs 1.2%). Logistical, social, and cultural challenges facing the physician treating children and adolescents with NIDDM are discussed, and treatment options for NIDDM in youth are briefly reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- K L Jones
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla 92093-0831, USA
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31
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Abstract
Acanthosis nigricans is a mucocutaneous eruption that occurs in a strikingly exuberant form as a marker for a highly malignant and rapidly fatal internal cancer. Recently, it has been recognized that acanthosis nigricans may also be a relatively common marker for increased long-term risk of the less dramatic but potentially serious systemic disorders associated with insulin resistance and compensatory increased insulin secretion.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Y Matsuoka
- Department of Dermatology, Jefferson Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19107-5102
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Givens JR, Kerber IJ, Wiser WL, Andersen RN, Coleman SA, Fish SA. Remission of acanthosis nigricans associated with polycystic ovarian disease and a stromal luteoma. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1974; 38:347-55. [PMID: 4360917 DOI: 10.1210/jcem-38-3-347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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34
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PAPE R, KOPF O. [An attempt of indirect roentgen treatment in a case of benign juvenile]. Hautarzt 1954; 5:413-6. [PMID: 13221140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/05/2023]
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35
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ROSCHER W. [Acanthosis nigricans]. Strahlentherapie 1953; 91:423-8. [PMID: 13102106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/05/2023]
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